APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People “A Company of Good People” ACRICHE LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDE - High-Bay Light (Factory Lamp) - December 2010 www.seoulsemicon.com APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People Contents I. Summary of Factory Lamp – Conventional Light Source II. LED Requirements for Replacing Conventional Light Source Factory Lamps III. Target Setting IV. How to Select SSC PKG V. Considerations for Thermal, Optical or Electrical Selection VI. Supply Chain APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People Ⅰ. Summary of Factory Lamp – Conventional Light Source 1. Factory Lighting The purpose of factory lighting is to improve workability by creating a safe and pleasant working condition and contribute to productivity by reducing the rejection rate. The essentials of choosing factory lighting are to select light sources and equipment most suitable to factory conditions based on analysis results such as job contents (precision, common), job objects (decision on the quality of light), working speed (foundation for selecting light source), environment of the work place (reflectance, illumination factor), and work place building (height, room index, equipment selection) and to plan lighting by sufficient review of the quality and quantity of light. For a light source high intensity discharge lamps (HID) are mainly used, and the light source should be selected by considering the efficiency, lifetime and quality of light. HIDs include high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps. Ballast High voltage generating circuit type (CC Type) It consists of choke coil for stably lighting the lamp, an igniter circuit voltage generating circuit for igniting the lamp and capacitor for improving power factor. Peak electrostatic force type (RC Type) Since lead peak voltage is generated by a special iron core and capacitors are connected in series to the secondary part of a leakage transformer, the fluctuation rate is relatively good at 10% and the lamp is easily ignited by a peak voltage of about 600 generated from the iron core. Reflector A reflector is mounted to adjust the beam angle of light source and improve the light efficiency, and if a high-illuminance reflector is adopted, a reflection efficiency of 85% or more is possible. Lamp (HID) These lamps usually use a high intensity discharge lamp, and include high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps. < Fig.1 Incandescent Lamps structure > APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2. Types of Conventional Light Source Lamps (HID, High Intensity Discharge Lamp) A high-intensity discharge lamp is a discharge lamp using luminescence by discharge of high-pressure gas or steam; it is a generic term for high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, and high-pressure sodium lamps, and they are called HID lamps for short. High-pressure mercury lamps High-pressure mercury lamps use luminescence by discharge in mercury steam of 0.2~1MPa pressure. Color rendering and efficiency are improved by the use of a fluorescent material, so it is widely used for general lighting such as in street lighting, factory lighting and sports lighting. It is hard to start a high-pressure mercury lamp since the mercury steam lamp is high immediately after it is turned off. The time taken to reignite after the luminous tube is cooled is called restart time. KS specifies it to be within 10 minutes. Metal halide lamps Metal halide lamps are used as a light source not only for general lighting but also for copying, photochemistry, plant breeding and fishing, as they use metal halogen compounds added to a highpressure mercury lamp to produce spectroscopic energy suited for widespread use. Their lifetime is a little shorter because the tube edge temperature is higher than that of hightemperature mercury lamps, and identity characteristics are somewhat inferior, also the change in lamp characteristics by variation of source voltage is large, and light color changes as well. The efficiency is generally 70~80lm/W. High-pressure sodium lamps High-pressure sodium lamps are not eroded even by high-temperature alkali steam. It became possible to manufacture sodium lamps thanks to the development of translucent high-density polycrystal aluminum oxide. Among light sources for general lighting, these have a high efficiency (140lm/W). With color rendering of an average of 5~30 at a color temperature of 2,000~2,100K, they are inferior to fluorescent mercury lamps, but recently one has been produced with a color rendering of 60 or more. They are suitable for outdoor lighting or lighting of factories or gymnasiums. However, they have characteristics wherein the lamp voltage changes due to environmental conditions such as source voltage and ambient temperature. APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People Ⅱ. LED Requirements for Replacing Conventional Light Source Factory Lamps 1. Comparison of Conventional Light Source Characteristics ■ Comparison of Characteristics by Lamp Type Classification Metal Halide Lamp High-Pressure Mercury Lamp High-Pressure Sodium Lamp Incandescent Lamp Fluorescent Lamp Capacity (W) 35~3,000 40~3,000 20~1,000 2~1,000 6~110 Efficacy (lm/W) 75~115 25~60 80~150 7~22 48~80 12K 16K~24K 20K 1K 10K 70 50 25 100 60~95 4,800 3,200~7,000 2,100 2,800 3,500~6,500 Takes 5~10 min. Takes 5~10 min. Takes 5~10 min. Immediate ignition Immediate ignition 300~400 300~400 300~400 - - 30 30 30 - - Lifetime (Hours) Color Rendering Index (CRI) Color Temperature (CCT) Ignitability Heating Temperature (℃) Mercury Content (mg) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2. Comparison of Specifications Between Conventional Light Source (HID) and LED Factory Lamps ■ Comparison of Light Efficiency between HID Lamps and LEDs LED Comparison Items Light Source Fixture HID Unit AC LED DC LED Metal Halide High-Pressure High-Pressure Mercury Sodium Power Consumption W 150 150 250 250 250 Total Luminous Flux lm 12,000 16,000 19,000 11,800 25,000 Efficacy lm/W 80 107 76 47 100 Total Fixture Efficiency % 75 75 50 50 50 Total Luminous Flux lm 9,000 12,000 9,500 5,900 12,500 Efficacy lm/W 60 80 38 24 50 ■ Light Loss in Fixture Power Terminal Loss Power Terminal Loss ╋ ╋ Lamp Luminous Flux Depleted Heat Loss ╋ ╋ Secondary Optic Loss Light Fixture Loss 50~60% 25~30% [ LED ] [ HID ] APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 3. Requirements for LED Factory Lighting ■ KS Standard for LED Flood Lamp (KS_C_NEW_2010_0417 Prior Notice Standard) - Initial luminous flux: 95% or more of rated luminous flux Classification [K] Color Temperature [K] 6,500 6,530 ± 510 Efficacy of LED Light Fixture [lm/W] 80 5,700 5,665 ± 355 75 5,000 5,028 ± 283 75 4,500 4,503 ± 243 75 4,000 3,985 ± 275 75 3,500 3,465 ± 245 75 3,000 3,045 ± 175 70 2,700 2,725 ± 145 70 - Color rendering index (CRI) : Ra 75 or higher - Beam angle: 80% or more of rated luminous flux within indicated angle - Efficacy of light fixture: 70~80 lm/W (See right table) - Power factor: 0.9 or higher - Luminous flux maintenance rate: 90% or more of the initial luminous flux measurement value after 2000 hours aging - IP grade : IP65 or higher ■ Adequate light distribution according to ceiling height of factory Ceiling Height Classification Type of Light Distribution Light Distribution Curve 5m or less 5m~10m 10m~15m 15m~20m Back-lighting type High-lighting type Ultra-lighting type Flood-lighting type APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People Ⅲ. Target Setting 1. HID Lamp Replacing Target Setting HID No. Subject Symbol Unit SSC LED Remarks Metal Halide Lamp High-Pressure Sodium Lamp A4 A7 Z5 1 Power Consumption P W 250 250 170 184 130 2 Lamp Q’ty - PCS 1 1 170 46 114 3 Luminous Flux F lm 17,000 25,000 13,600 13,800 13,700 4 Power Efficiency - % 90 90 90 5 Secondary Optic Efficiency - % 90 90 90 6 Thermal Efficiency - % 90 90 90 7 Luminous Flux of Fixture F lm 8,500 12,500 10,000 10,000 10,000 8 Luminous Efficacy F lm/W 34 50 59 54 77 9 Color Temperature CCT Kelvin 4,800 2,100 5,700 5,700 5,700 10 Color Rendering Index Ra - 70 25 75 75 75 11 Beam Angle FWHM º 60 60 60 60 60 50 50 * When using A4-based 105 lm, light fixture efficacy of 75 lm/W or more is possible (2011.2Q estimated) A4=80 lm A7=300 lm Z5=120 lm APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2. How to Determine the Number of LEDs ① First select lumen of target product. ② How to calculate lumen needed for LED to be implemented actually .Actually needed Lumens = Target Lumens/(Optical Efficiency * Thermal Efficiency * Electrical Efficiency) ③ Select the number of LEDs .Number of LEDs = Actually needed Lumens / Lumens of LED ex) 1. Select HID 250W, and the Target Lumen is 10,000 lm. 2. Actually needed Lumens = Target Lumens/(Optical Efficiency * Thermal Efficiency * Electrical Efficiency) = 10,000 lm / (90% * 90% * 90%) =13,700 lm 3. Number of LEDs = Actually needed Lumens / Lumens of LED = 13,700 lm / 80 lm = 170 LEDs (@A4 PKG = 80 lm) = 13,700 lm / 300 lm = 46 LEDs (@A7 PKG = 300 lm) = 13,700 lm / 120 lm = 114 LEDs (@Z5 PKG = 120 lm) ■ Efficiency of light, thermal and electrical systems System Efficiency Type Optical 85~90 % Reflector or Lens Thermal 90 % Al Heatsink Electrical 90 % Convertor or ADC APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People Ⅳ. How to Select SSC PKG 1. Comparison Between Factory Lamp-Applied PKGs ■ Comparison of characteristics between factory lamp-applied PKGs AC LED Classification DC LED PKG Name A4 A7 Z5 P4 PKG Power Consumption [W] 1.0 4.0 1.12 1.12 PKG Luminous Flux [lm] 80 300 120 110 PKG Quantity [ea] 170 46 114 125 Module Luminous Flux [lm] 13,600 13,800 13,680 13,750 Module Power Consumption [W] 170 184 130 140 Optical Loss Applied [lm] 12,240 12,420 12,312 12,375 Thermal Loss Applied [lm] 11,016 11,178 11,080 11,137 Electrical Loss Applied [lm] 9,914 10,060 9,972 10,023 CCT K 5,700 5,700 5,700 5,700 CRI Ra 75 75 75 75 LED PKG Module Finished Product APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People Ⅴ. Considerations for Thermal, Optical or Electrical Selection 1. Light Loss in LED ■ Thermal Loss In LEDs, the quantity of light decreases according to junction temperature. In general, the quantity of light written on specifications is that at Tj=25, and the LED light quantity decrease rate according to Tj is also marked on specifications. (See Fig.4). Therefore, the quantity of light should be calculated by considering the Tj of an LED that was actually installed in a module when manufacturing an LED lighting fixture. Tj=70℃, 90% Ex) If Tj measured (calculated) after applying a Z5 Cool White LED to a product was 70℃, the actual quantity of light is 120 lm*0.9 (luminous efficiency at Tj=70℃) = 108 lm. (@If=350mA, Ta=25℃) ■ Optical Loss Most lighting equipments using LEDs use secondary optics to change the light distribution pattern. In general, the efficiency of secondary optics is 85~90%. And light is also lost by the fixture of lighting equipment such as a reflector. However, because LED lighting has a luminescence pattern which is narrower than conventional lighting such as common CFL so that the portion matching the fixture is relatively small, loss due to fixtures is less than conventional light sources. < Fig.4 Junction Temperature vs Relative Light Output > Output 50% ■ Electrical Loss Most driver efficiencies used in LED lighting equipment do not reach 100%. Because such driver efficiency affects the decrease of efficacy of the overall lighting equipment, this should be considered in designing an LED lighting system. The driver efficiency is usually 80~90%, and if it is to be more than 90% the cost increases. And the efficiency of a converter differs according to output load. For low-cost driver design, an output load should be at least 50% or higher. (See Fig. 5). < Fig.5 Efficiency vs Output Load > APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2. Designing the Heat Sink - Lowering Tj through heat sink can minimize the decrease of lifetime and luminous flux. - Considerations in designing the heat sink : Quality of the material of heat sink Angle, fin thickness, and gap of heat sink Relative Light Output [%] Example of light output according to Tj 100 Lifetime 80 Luminous flux Allowable current 60 ∝ 1 Tj 40 20 0 20 Pure White 40 60 80 100 120 o Junction Temperature, TJ [ C] 140 It is important to lower Tj through heat sink APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People ■ Heat sink simulation - Source ① LED : A7 PKG 40ea ② Power Consumption : 3.8W * 40ea = 152W - Thermal conductivity by material ① Heat sink : AL(160 W/mk) ② PCB : MCPCB 1.6t (190 W/mK) ③ TIM(Thermal Interface Material) : 0.5t (3 W/mK) - Heat sink specifications ① Size : Φ450 * 122mm ② Surface Area : 0.97㎡ ③ Weight : 5.6kg - Ambient temperature conditions ① Ta = 25℃ ② Ta = 50℃ * Ceiling temperature of factory in summertime could well rise above 50℃ according to factory site. Therefore, it is necessary to design heat sink under condition of Ta temperature 50℃, and the chip junction temperature of LED should be maintained at or above 90% of thermal efficiency. APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People ■ Heat sink simulation results [Ambient temperature 50℃ condition] AmbientTemp : 50℃ Heatsink Temp (Max) : 82.5℃ Chip Jungtion Temp(Tj) : 86.7℃ [Ambient temperature 25℃ condition] AmbientTemp : 25℃ Heatsink Temp (Max) : 57.5℃ Chip Jungtion Temp(Tj) : 61.6℃ APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 3. Secondary Optic Design Adjust beam angle and secure quantity of light through secondary optic. Secondary optic considerations : Shape, beam angle and light loss in joining with LED ■ Secondary Optic Types Reflector type Collimator type Fresnel Lens type APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People ■ Reflector Design (Beam Angle 60˚) <Directional Pattern Simulation, 60deg> <Size> φ16 [A4 PKG Applied] 12.55 φ7 φ16 [A7 PKG Applied] 12.55 φ8 <Group Reflector> APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People ■ Light distribution measurement results - 60deg based on FWHM [Polar Luminous Intensity Distribution] [Cartesian Luminous Intensity Distribution] APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People [Illuminance Greyscale Diagram] [IsoLux 3D] APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People ■ A4 PKG Collimator type simulation <Receiver Position> <Simulation Data> A4_Warm White_LED Only 1.2 1 0.8 % 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Degree 1) LED Only : 44.14 lm, 131 deg. On-Axis Point Intensity(50%) Point A4_Warm White_38D Lens 1.2 Source ~ Screen Distance : 1,000 mm 1 Reciever Size : 1,000mm X 1,000mm 0.8 % 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -50 2) LED + Lens Æ 37.38 lm, 38 deg. -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Degree 10 20 30 40 50 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People ■ Measurement Data (Initial Luminous Flux, Beam Angle) (Source ~ Screen Distance : 1,000 mm) <Simulation> <Measurement Data> LED Only LED + Lens LED Only Simulation Data LED Only LED + Lens Luminous Flux 44.14 lm 37.38 lm Beam Angle 131 deg. 38 deg. Æ Simulation Efficiency (Lens / LED) : 85% LED + Lens Measurement Data LED Only LED + Lens Luminous Flux 48.66 lm 44.49 lm Beam Angle 129 deg. 40 deg. Æ Measurement Efficiency (Lens / LED) : 91.4% APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 5. Electrical Considerations 1. Troubleshooting Trouble Electrical Trouble Troubleshooting Overvoltage Use Zener Diode, TVS, MOV Not lighted/decreasing brightness Overcurrent Use PTC, NTC Dielectric breakdown Secure Pcb Pattern distance, insulation coating, instrumental method Acriche afterglow Acriche afterglow Connect S/W for contacts, use resistance 2. Overvoltage Protection 2.1 Causes of overvoltage => ESD (Electrostatic discharge), lighting surge, transient voltage, switching of load in power circuits, etc... Item Zener diode TVS MOV Direction Uni-directional Bi-directional Bi-directional Supply voltage DC DC/AC DC/AC Response time Tens of ps Tens of ps 10-20 ns Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Symbol I-V characteristic Application * TVS : Transient Voltage Suppressor * MOV : Metal Oxide Varistor(Variable Resistor) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2.1.1. Zener diode protection (a) Zener diode I-V Characteristic (b) LED protection operation < Fig 17. Example of zener protection > -Operating Principle => If overvoltage is applied from power supply, overcurrent is bypassed through a zener diode due to zener yield action and regulated voltage of Vz is applied to an LED to protect the LED. => Since zener diode protection is the simplest and most basic way for protecting an LED from overvoltage, it cannot protect an LED perfectly from all outside overvoltage. -> There is a need to construct additional protection circuit. -Considerations when selecting zener diode => Use an element that has a Vz higher than the VF of the LED => Select an element that has adequate rated voltage considering VF, IF and service voltage of the LED => Select an element that has a low zener resistance for quick bypass action => Select an element that has high a current density as possible if drive current of the LED is great => Low leakage current APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2.1.2. TVS protection (a) TVS I-V Characteristic (b) TVS clamping (c) TVS protection circuit < Fig 18. Example of TVS protection > -Operating Principle => A structure with a zener diode combined in both directions, it is a protection element using avalanche breakdown. => A bi-directional element may be used at an AC connection terminal and a DC uni-directional element may be used at a DC connection terminal. -Considerations for TVS selection => Use an element that has a VBR value higher than the VF of the LED => Select an element that has an adequate rated power considering VF, IF and service voltage of the LED => Select an element that has a clamping voltage value (Vc) less than the breakdown voltage of the LED (If an element has a Vc of more than the LED breakdown voltage it cannot protect the LED from outside overvoltage) APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2.1.3. MOV protection (a) MOV I-V characteristic (b) MOV equivalent model (c) MOV protection circuit < Fig 19. Example of MOV protection > - Operating principle => Carry out overvoltage function identical to TVS. => During normal operation, it has an insulation resistance value of more than hundreds of MΩ as a capacitor, but if instantaneous overvoltage is applied, it becomes a conductor of less than tens of MΩ and bypasses overcurrent. -Considerations for MOV selection => Use an element which has a VB value higher than the VF of the LED => Select an element that has an adequate rated power considering VF, IF and service voltage of the LED => Recommended to use to prevent inflow of current that exceeds the rated capacity of an MOV APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2.2 Overcurrent Protection 2.2.1 PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) resistor protection -Operating principle => An element that has a characteristic that when the temperature of the element rises the resistance value increases greatly. => If a greater than rated current flows in a PTC, the resistance value increases greatly due to a self-heating action to carry out the function of suppressing overcurrent. => Series connection to an LED suppresses overcurrent flowing in the LED. (a) PTC Connection (b) Resistance-Temperature Characteristic (R-T Characteristic) < Fig 20. Example of PTC protection > - Considerations for PTC selection => Select a PTC considering maximum voltage, maximum current, and maximum Ta of the LED => Select an element that has quick current suppression response time of the PTC (c) Current Attenuation Characteristic APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 2.2.2 NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) resistor protection In-rush current level - Operating principle => Use it to protect an LED from in-rush current => In-rush current can be generated during boost action and initial power-up action in power supply, and the LED can be broken without proper protection measures. => Suppress in-rush current by series connection to the LED (a) PTC Connection (b) In-rush current suppression characteristic < Fig 21. Example of NTC protection > - Considerations for NTC selection => NTC is largely of two types of high resistance and low resistance, of which low resistance NTC is mainly used for in-rush current protection => Maximum allowable current / power of NTC APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 3. How to Reinforce Dielectric Strength 3.1 Cause of dielectric strength decrease When the Cu pattern of a PCB is close to the PCB edge or PCB hole, the distance to metal heat sink or metal part of the PCB becomes closer to cause electric discharge, so electric current could flow between the heat sink and terminal if a high voltage is applied. Discharge at PCB edge Discharge at PCB hole Discharge at PCB Edge ( PCB Pattern ↔ PCB Metal) ( PCB Pattern ↔ PCB Metal) (PCB Pattern ↔ Metal Heat sink) Cu Pattern PCB Metal Wire connection PCB hole Heat sink PCB insulation layer < Fig 23. Illustration of coating method > < Fig 22. Analysis of dielectric strength decrease factors > 3.2 How to improve dielectric strength - Keep a constant distance from a PCB edge or hole when designing the pattern of the PCB To improve dielectric strength, keep the Cu pattern of a PCB a constant distance from the PCB edge or PCB hole. A distance of at least 5mm should be maintained to obtain a result of 4kV or more, and this may be changed according to customer design specification. (Coat the discharge portion - Coat a PCB with insulating material with insulating material) Electricity is discharged usually at the PCB edge or hole which is close to the Cu pattern, so by coating this portion with insulating material, dielectric strength can be improved. It is preferable to choose a material with excellent thermal endurance and chemical resistance and a material that does not generate by-products such as gas that affects an LED sealing material. (See Fig. 23). - Insulate heat sink by installing a PCB in a case made of insulating material Make the case with an insulating material and install a PCB in it to completely insulate the heat sink. If a material that does not discharge heat well is used, it should be designed in such a way that heat discharge can be maintained smoothly by minimizing the thickness considering Tj of the LED PKG. < Fig 24. Illustration of PCB Case Concept > (See Fig. 24). APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 4. How to Improve on Acriche (A3) Afterglow 4.1 Phenomenon - Acriche lamps do not completely turn off but emit weak light when the lighting integration switch is turned off after the Acriche-applied lighting module (bulb, MR, PAR, etc.) has been installed in a building. 4.2 Cause This happens when the switch is connected to the N phase in a 380Vac 3-phase 4-line wiring in a building and the case (heat sink) of the lighting module is connected to F.G. (flame ground). → In most buildings, in the case of a lighting module being connected to F.G. in the building. F.G. is connected to the N phase in most cases. → In such a case, even if the switch is off, phase voltage strays in Acriche lamps by F.G. connected to the case of the lighting module, so afterglow occurs. (Voltage straying in Acriche lamps ~ 130Vac) Afterglow S/W . Phase voltage in 3-phase 4-line Y wiring – 380Vac . Voltage between phase(R, S, T) and N – 220Vac < Fig 25. ACRICHE applied voltage test diagram > APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People 4.3 Improvement scheme 4.3.1 Connect S/W to L(R) phase or connect L-N two-contact S/W S/W S/W - Connect S/W to L phase so that remaining voltage does not apply to Acriche when S/W is turned off. - Use L-N two-contact S/W if it is difficult to connect S/W to L(R) phase. < Fig 27. ACRICHE Improvement Scheme #2 > < Fig 26. ACRICHE Improvement Scheme #1 > 4.3.2 Distribute voltage remaining in Acriche using resistance - Increase an MCPCB insulation resistance to divide the voltage applied to the Acriche with the MCPCB insulation resistance to remove the remaining light (when the S/W is turned off) - Connect Rp in parallel to both ends of the Acriche to divide the remaining voltage to remove afterglow (when the S/W is turned off) : More than several MΩ < Fig 28. ACRICHE Improvement Scheme #3 > APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_000000 APCPCWM_4828539:WP_0000001WP_0000001 A Company of Good People Ⅵ. SUPPLY CHAIN ■ Seoul Semiconductor Supply Chain Ledlink (Taiwan) IMS (USA) Carclo (EU) Gaggione (EU) Khatod (EU) LEDIL (EU) Polymer Optics (EU) Microblock (Taiwan) LENS DRIVER IC Kaieryue Electronics Technology (China) Microchip (USA) National Semiconductor (USA) Wai Tat Electronics (China) Shenzhen Likeda (China) Donghaw IND (Korea) Green Optics (Korea) SSC Pttc(Taiwan) Fela(EU) Sekonix (Korea) PCB Xingtongbu Technology (China) CCI (Taiwan) Inno Flex (Korea) DDP (USA) Fujipoly (USA) Ceramtec (EU) Fischer Elektronic (EU) Jindingli (China) Yongshenkeji (China) GK Technik (EU) HEATSINK