Molded Guide

Molded Guide
www.vishay.com
Vishay Polytech
Guide for Tantalum and Niobium
Solid Electrolyte Chip Capacitors
INTRODUCTION
Tantalum electrolytic capacitors are the preferred choice in
applications where volumetric efficiency, stable electrical
parameters, high reliability, and long service life are primary
considerations. The stability and resistance to elevated
temperatures of the tantalum / tantalum oxide / manganese
dioxide system make solid tantalum capacitors an
appropriate choice for today's surface mount assembly
technology.
Vishay Sprague has been a pioneer and leader in this field,
producing a large variety of tantalum capacitor types for
consumer, industrial, automotive, military, and aerospace
electronic applications.
Tantalum is not found in its pure state. Rather, it is
commonly found in a number of oxide minerals, often in
combination with Columbium ore. This combination is
known as “tantalite” when its contents are more than
one-half tantalum. Important sources of tantalite include
Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, and several African
countries. Synthetic tantalite concentrates produced from
tin slags in Thailand, Malaysia, and Brazil are also a
significant raw material for tantalum production.
Electronic applications, and particularly capacitors,
consume the largest share of world tantalum production.
Other important applications for tantalum include cutting
tools (tantalum carbide), high temperature super alloys,
chemical processing equipment, medical implants, and
military ordnance.
Vishay Sprague is a major user of tantalum materials in the
form of powder and wire for capacitor elements and rod and
sheet for high temperature vacuum processing.
THE BASICS OF TANTALUM CAPACITORS
Most metals form crystalline oxides which are
non-protecting, such as rust on iron or black oxide on
copper. A few metals form dense, stable, tightly adhering,
electrically insulating oxides. These are the so-called “valve”
metals and include titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum,
hafnium, and aluminum. Only a few of these permit the
accurate control of oxide thickness by electrochemical
means. Of these, the most valuable for the electronics
industry are aluminum and tantalum.
Capacitors are basic to all kinds of electrical equipment,
from radios and television sets to missile controls and
automobile ignitions. Their function is to store an electrical
charge for later use.
Capacitors consist of two conducting surfaces, usually
metal plates, whose function is to conduct electricity. They
are separated by an insulating material or dielectric. The
dielectric used in all tantalum electrolytic capacitors is
tantalum pentoxide.
Tantalum pentoxide compound possesses high-dielectric
strength and a high-dielectric constant. As capacitors are
being manufactured, a film of tantalum pentoxide is applied
to their electrodes by means of an electrolytic process. The
film is applied in various thicknesses and at various voltages
and although transparent to begin with, it takes on different
colors as light refracts through it. This coloring occurs on the
tantalum electrodes of all types of tantalum capacitors.
Revision: 11-Apr-16
Rating for rating, tantalum capacitors tend to have as much
as three times better capacitance / volume efficiency than
aluminum electrolytic capacitors. An approximation of the
capacitance / volume efficiency of other types of capacitors
may be inferred from the following table, which shows the
dielectric constant ranges of the various materials used in
each type. Note that tantalum pentoxide has a dielectric
constant of 26, some three times greater than that of
aluminum oxide. This, in addition to the fact that extremely
thin films can be deposited during the electrolytic process
mentioned earlier, makes the tantalum capacitor extremely
efficient with respect to the number of microfarads available
per unit volume. The capacitance of any capacitor is
determined by the surface area of the two conducting
plates, the distance between the plates, and the dielectric
constant of the insulating material between the plates.
COMPARISON OF CAPACITOR
DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS
DIELECTRIC
Air or vacuum
e
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
1.0
Paper
2.0 to 6.0
Plastic
2.1 to 6.0
Mineral oil
2.2 to 2.3
Silicone oil
2.7 to 2.8
Quartz
3.8 to 4.4
Glass
4.8 to 8.0
Porcelain
5.1 to 5.9
Mica
5.4 to 8.7
Aluminum oxide
Tantalum pentoxide
Ceramic
8.4
26
12 to 400K
In the tantalum electrolytic capacitor, the distance between
the plates is very small since it is only the thickness of the
tantalum pentoxide film. As the dielectric constant of the
tantalum pentoxide is high, the capacitance of a tantalum
capacitor is high if the area of the plates is large:

where
eA
C = ------t
C = capacitance
e = dielectric constant
A = surface area of the dielectric
t = thickness of the dielectric
Tantalum capacitors contain either liquid or solid
electrolytes. In solid electrolyte capacitors, a dry material
(manganese dioxide) forms the cathode plate. A tantalum
lead is embedded in or welded to the pellet, which is in turn
connected to a termination or lead wire. The drawings show
the construction details of the surface mount types of
tantalum capacitors shown in this catalog.
Document Number: 40218
1
For technical questions, contact: [email protected]
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Molded Guide
www.vishay.com
Vishay Polytech
SOLID ELECTROLYTE TANTALUM CAPACITORS
TANTALUM CAPACITORS FOR ALL DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
Solid electrolyte capacitors contain manganese dioxide,
which is formed on the tantalum pentoxide dielectric layer
by impregnating the pellet with a solution of manganous
nitrate. The pellet is then heated in an oven, and the
manganous nitrate is converted to manganese dioxide.
Solid electrolyte designs are the least expensive for a given
rating and are used in many applications where their very
small size for a given unit of capacitance is of importance.
Also important are their good low temperature performance
characteristics and freedom from corrosive electrolytes.
The pellet is next coated with graphite, followed by a layer
of metallic silver, which provides a conductive surface
between the pellet and the leadframe.
Datasheets covering the various types and styles of
capacitors for consumer and entertainment electronics and
industry applications are available where detailed
performance characteristics must be specified.
Molded chip tantalum capacitor encases the element in
plastic resins, such as epoxy materials. After assembly, the
capacitors are tested and inspected to assure long life and
reliability. It offers excellent reliability and high stability for
consumer and commercial electronics with the added
feature of low cost.
Surface mount designs of “Solid Tantalum” capacitors use
lead frames as shown in the accompanying drawings.
MOLDED CHIP CAPACITOR, ALL TYPES EXCEPT TMCTX / TMCJ / NMC
Tantalum wire
Supporter
Silver adhesive
Epoxy encapsulation
Leadframe
Solderable cathode termination
Solderable anode termination
Carbon / silver coating
MnO2
Sintered tantalum
MOLDED CHIP CAPACITOR WITH BUILT-IN FUSE, TYPE TMCTX
Sintered tantalum
Carbon / silver coating
Supporter
Tantalum wire
Epoxy encapsulation
Fusible ribbon
Leadframe
Solderable cathode termination
Solderable anode termination
MnO2
Silver adhesive
MOLDED CHIP CAPACITOR 0603 SIZE, TYPE TMCJ
Silver adhesive
Tantalum wire
Epoxy encapsulation
Leadframe
Solderable anode termination
Solderable cathode termination
Carbon / silver coating
Revision: 11-Apr-16
MnO2
Sintered tantalum
Document Number: 40218
2
For technical questions, contact: [email protected]
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Molded Guide
www.vishay.com
Vishay Polytech
MOLDED CHIP CAPACITOR NIOBIUM, TYPE NMC
Tantalum wire
Supporter
Epoxy encapsulation
Silver adhesive
Leadframe
Solderable cathode termination
Solderable anode termination
Carbon / silver coating
MnO2
Sintered niobium
SOLID TANTALUM CAPACITORS - MOLDED CASE
SERIES
TMCS
TMCM
TMCR
TMCU
TMCP
TMCJ
PRODUCT
IMAGE
TYPE
FEATURES
Solid tantalum surface mount chip capacitors, molded case
Standard
industrial grade
Standard
industrial grade
extended range
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
CAPACITANCE
RANGE
VOLTAGE
RANGE
TERMINATION
FINISH
Revision: 11-Apr-16
0805 size
0603 size
0.1 μF to 68 μF
0.47 μF to 470 μF
10 μF to 330 μF
0.1 μF to 220 μF
0.1 μF to 47 μF
0.68 μF to 22 μF
4 V to 35 V
2.5 V to 35 V
7 V to 35 V
2.5 V to 35 V
2.5 V to 25 V
2.5 V to 20 V
± 10 %, ± 20 %
LEAKAGE
CURRENT
CASE SIZES
Low profile
-55 °C to +125 °C
CAPACITANCE
TOLERANCE
DISSIPATION
FACTOR
Low ESR
± 20 %
0.01 CV or 0.5 μA, whichever is greater
4 % to 6 %
4 % to 30 %
6 % to 30 %
4 % to 30 %
6 % to 30 %
20 %
A, B, C, E
A, B, C, E
B, C, E
UA, UB
P
J
100 % tin
Case UA: 100 % tin
Case UB: Ni / Pd / Au
100 % tin
Document Number: 40218
3
For technical questions, contact: [email protected]
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Molded Guide
www.vishay.com
Vishay Polytech
SOLID TANTALUM CAPACITORS - MOLDED CASE
SERIES
TMCTX
TMCH
THC
PRODUCT IMAGE
TYPE
FEATURES
Solid tantalum surface mount chip capacitors, molded case
Built-in fuse
TEMPERATURE RANGE
CAPACITANCE RANGE
VOLTAGE RANGE
High reliability
-55 °C to +125 °C
DISSIPATION FACTOR
CASE SIZES
-55 °C to +150 °C
1.0 μF to 68 μF
0.1 μF to 100 μF
0.33 μF to 47 μF
10 V to 35 V
4 V to 35 V
10 V to 35 V
CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE
LEAKAGE CURRENT
High reliability,
high temperature +150 °C
± 10 %, ± 20 %
0.01 CV or 0.5 μA,
whichever is greater
0.005 CV or 0.25 μA, whichever is greater
4 % to 6 %
4 % to 8 %
4 % to 6 %
B, C, E, F
A, B, C, E, P
A, B, C, E
TERMINATION FINISH
100 % tin
SOLID NIOBIUM CAPACITORS - MOLDED CASE
SERIES
NMC
NMCU
PRODUCT IMAGE
TYPE
FEATURES
Solid niobium surface mount chip capacitors, molded case
Flame retardant
TEMPERATURE RANGE
CAPACITANCE RANGE
-55 °C to +105 °C
10 μF to 470 μF
VOLTAGE RANGE
4.7 μF to 47 μF
2.5 V to 10 V
CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE
± 20 %
LEAKAGE CURRENT
DISSIPATION FACTOR
Flame retardant, low profile
0.02 CV or less
8 % to 30 %
30 %
CASE SIZES
A, B, C, E
UA, UB
TERMINATION FINISH
100 % tin
Case UA: 100 % tin
Case UB: Ni / Pd / Au
Revision: 11-Apr-16
Document Number: 40218
4
For technical questions, contact: [email protected]
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Molded Guide
www.vishay.com
Vishay Polytech
PLASTIC TAPE AND REEL PACKAGING DIMENSIONS in millimeters
E
A
B
C
Label
D
W
CASE CODE
TAPE WIDTH
A+0/-3
B+1/0
C ± 0.2
D ± 0.5
E ± 0.5
W ± 0.3
J, P, A, UA, B, UB
8
C, E, F
12
Ø 180
Ø 60
Ø 13
Ø 21
2.0
9.0
13.0
TAPE SIZE in millimeters
Pocket
Perforation
E
Ø 1.5 + 0.10
F
B
W
A
P1
t
Direction of tape flow
4.0 ± 0.1
2.0 ± 0.1
Inserting direction
Perforation
Marking side (upper)
Mounting terminal side (lower)
Symbol: R
CASE CODE
J
P
A
UA
B
UB
C
E
F
Revision: 11-Apr-16
A ± 0.2
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.9
3.1
3.1
3.7
4.8
6.2
B ± 0.2
1.8
2.2
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.8
6.3
7.7
7.5
W ± 0.3
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
F ± 0.1
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
E ± 0.1
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
P1 ± 0.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
tmax.
1.3
1.6
2.5
1.7
2.5
1.7
3.1
3.4
4.1
Document Number: 40218
5
For technical questions, contact: [email protected]
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Molded Guide
www.vishay.com
Vishay Polytech
RECOMMENDED REFLOW PROFILES
Capacitors should withstand reflow profile as per J-STD-020 standard
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Tp
tp
Max. ramp-up rate = 3 °C/s
Max. ramp-down rate = 6 °C/s
TL
Ts max.
TC - 5 °C
tL
Preheat area
Ts min.
ts
25
Time 25 °C to peak
TIME (s)
PROFILE FEATURE
Preheat / soak
Temperature min. (Ts min.)
Temperature max. (Ts max.)
Time (ts) from (Ts min. to Ts max.)
Ramp-up
Ramp-up rate (TL to Tp)
Liquidus temperature (TL)
Time (tL) maintained above TL
LEAD (Pb)-FREE ASSEMBLY
130 °C
160 °C
60 s to 120 s
3 °C/s max.
200 °C
50 s max.
Peak package body temperature (Tp) max.
Depends on case size - see table below
Time (tp) within 5 °C of the peak maximum temperature
Ramp-down rate (Tp to TL)
Time from 25 °C to peak temperature
10 s max.
6 °C/s max.
8 min max.
PEAK PACKAGE BODY TEMPERATURE (Tp)
PEAK PACKAGE BODY TEMPERATURE (Tp)
CASE CODE
LEAD (Pb)-FREE PROCESS
J, P, UA, A, UB, B, C
260 °C
E, F
250 °C
PAD DIMENSIONS in millimeters
L
Capacitor
Pattern
Y
CASE /
DIMENSIONS
J
P
UA, A
UB, B
C
E
F
Revision: 11-Apr-16
CAPACITOR SIZE
L
W
1.6
0.8
2.0
1.25
3.2
1.6
3.5
2.8
5.8
3.2
7.3
4.3
7.3
5.8
X
W
G
Z
G (max.)
0.7
0.5
1.1
1.4
2.9
4.1
4.1
PAD DIMENSIONS
Z (min.)
X (min.)
2.5
1.0
2.6
1.2
3.8
1.5
4.1
2.7
6.9
2.7
8.2
2.9
8.2
4.0
Y (Ref.)
0.9
1.05
1.35
1.35
2.0
2.05
2.05
Document Number: 40218
6
For technical questions, contact: [email protected]
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Molded Guide
www.vishay.com
Vishay Polytech
GUIDE TO APPLICATION
1.
AC Ripple Current: the maximum allowable ripple
current shall be determined from the formula:
I R MS =
4.
P
-----------R ESR
where,
P=
2.
At 85 °C: 5 % of the rated voltage or 0.5 V, whichever
is smaller.
power dissipation in W at +25 °C as given in
the tables in the product datasheets.
RESR = the capacitor equivalent series resistance at
the specified frequency.
5.
Mounting Precautions:
5.1
Limit Pressure on Capacitor Installation with
Mounter: pressure must not exceed 4.9 N with a tool
end diameter of 1.5 mm when applied to the
capacitors using an absorber, centering tweezers, or
similar (maximum permitted pressurization time: 5 s).
An excessively low absorber setting position would
result in not only the application of undue force to the
capacitors but capacitor and other component
scattering, circuit board wiring breakage, and / or
cracking as well, particularly when the capacitors are
mounted together with other chips having a height of
1 mm or less.
AC Ripple Voltage: the maximum allowable ripple
voltage shall be determined from the formula:
P
V R MS = Z -----------R ESR
or, from the formula:
V RMS = I R MS x Z
where,
P=
power dissipation in W at +25 °C as given in
the tables in the product datasheets.
RESR = The capacitor equivalent series resistance at
the specified frequency.
Z=
2.1
The capacitor impedance at the specified
frequency.
The tantalum capacitors must be used in such a
condition that the sum of the working voltage and
ripple voltage peak values does not exceed the rated
voltage as shown in figure below.
Reverse Voltage: the capacitors are not intended for
use with reverse voltage applied. If the application of
an reverse voltage is unavoidable, it must not exceed
the following values:
At 25 °C: 10 % of the rated voltage or 1 V, whichever
is smaller.
5.2
Flux Selection
5.2.1 Select a flux that contains a minimum of chlorine and
amine.
5.2.2 After flux use, the chlorine and amine in the flux
remain must be removed.
5.3
Cleaning After Mounting: the following solvents are
usable when cleaning the capacitors after mounting.
Never use a highly active solvent.
• Halogen organic solvent (HCFC225, etc.)
• Alcoholic solvent (IPA, ethanol, etc.)
Voltage
Ripple voltage
Rated voltage
Operating
voltage
Working voltage
Time (s)
3.
Temperature Derating: power dissipation is
affected by the heat sinking capability of the
mounting surface. If these capacitors are to
be operated at temperatures above +25 °C, the
permissible ripple current (or voltage) shall be
calculated using the derating coefficient as shown in
the table below:
MAXIMUM RIPPLE CURRENT TEMPERATURE
DERATING FACTOR
TEMPERATURE
TMC
NMC
 25 °C
1.0
1.0
85 °C
0.9
0.9
105 °C
0.65
0.4
125 °C
0.4
-
Revision: 11-Apr-16
• Petroleum solvent, alkali saponifying agent, water,
etc.
Circuit board cleaning must be conducted at a
temperature of not higher than 50 °C and for an
immersion time of not longer than 30 minutes. When
an ultrasonic cleaning method is used, cleaning must
be conducted at a frequency of 48 kHz or lower, at
an vibrator output of 0.02 W/cm3, at a temperature of
not higher than 40 °C, and for a time of 5 minutes or
shorter.
Notes
• Care must be exercised in cleaning process so that the
mounted capacitor will not come into contact with any
cleaned object or the like or will not get rubbed by a stiff
brush or similar. If such precautions are not taken
particularly when the ultrasonic cleaning method is
employed, terminal breakage may occur.
• When performing ultrasonic cleaning under conditions
other than stated above, conduct adequate advance
checkout.
Document Number: 40218
7
For technical questions, contact: [email protected]
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000