PRODUCT LINE CATALOGUE 2016 ® Worldwide Level and Flow SolutionsSM VISION STATEMENT To be the customers’ preferred partner in the global supply of level and flow control solutions 2 ® COMPANY COMPANY “Industry leader” is a role Magnetrol® has played for over 80 years. In fact, the history of MAGNETROL is a story of the pioneers who built the level instrumentation industry. We manufactured the first liquid level switch to accurately and safely detect motion of liquid in boilers and feedwater systems and we also introduced the first pneumatic valve controller, supporting the growth of the nuclear power industry with new standards in safety and performance. As our name became synonymous with rock-solid, reliable mechanical buoyancy controls, we secured our core capabilities in electronic technologies, including RF capacitance and ultrasonic. Most recently, we started a legacy of world-class, award-winning radar instrumentation, which continues today with the Eclipse® Model 706 guided wave radar transmitter. The MAGNETROL team of innovators has never looked back. ® 3 OUR PRODUCTS OUR PRODUCTS The majority of the devices manufactured by Magnetrol® International are designed and tailormade to the specifications and requests of our customers. Over the years a great expertise has been gained in different fields. Below is a list, not limitative and depending on the device type, of metals with which we have gained experience: • 321 stainless steel • 304/304L stainless steel • 316/316L stainless steel • (Low temperature) Carbon steel and carbon steel • Chrome Molybdenum steel • (Super) Duplex stainless steel • Monel • Hastelloy • Incolloy and Inconel types • …. Working with these various metals has resulted in over 130 in-house welding procedures being established. A similar experience has been gained with respect to possible process connections: • ANSI flanges • EN (DIN) flanges • Tri-clamp hygienic connections • Proprietary flanges enabling compatibility with existing connections • Threaded connections such as NPT and BSP •… Although our standard colours are blue (up to 240 °C (464 °F)) and a grey type (temperatures higher than 240 °C (464 °F)) we can supply nearly any colour upon customer request. So, if you have any specific request please do not hesitate to contact us. 4 ® Measurement solids level Measurement interface Measurement Flow Eclipse – Horizon™ 6 • • • • Pulse Burst Radar Pulsar RX5 - Model R82 20 • • Ultrasonic Contact Echotel 9XX 24 Ultrasonic Non-Contact Echotel® 3X5 30 • • Thermal Dispersion Thermatel® 34 Electromagnetic Flow Meter Polaris® 40 RF Capacitance Kotron® 42 • Magnetostrictive Jupiter® 46 • • Magnetic Level Indicator Aurora®/Vector™/Atlas™/Gemini™ 48 • • Displacer Transmitter Modulevel® 54 • • Buoyancy Mechanicals 58 Mechanical Flow Mechanicals 66 ® ® Density control Guided Wave Radar ® Detection flow PRODUCT FAMILY Detection interface TECHNOLOGY Detection liquid level Measurement liquid level OUR PRODUCTS PAGE • • • • • • • • • • • • Magnetrol® level and flow controls use state-of-the-art technology and are produced under strict quality procedures of ISO 9001 - PED 97/23/EC. MAGNETROL quality is achieved by using fully traceable materials, ASME IX qualified welders and the capability to work with standard as well as exotic materials. MAGNETROL builds standard and custom equipment for all industries. The integration of SIL (Safety Integrity Level) philosophy into the basic concept design results in reliable controls that self-test for proper operation and report any possible malfunctions. MAGNETROL is devoted to optimizing the design of level controls for minimal cost of ownership by durability. Full details on MAGNETROL products can be found on our website www.magnetrol.com and in our respective sales bulletins. ® 5 GUIDED WAVE RADAR Guided Wave Radar is based upon the principle of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). TDR utilises pulses of electromagnetic energy, which are transmitted down a probe. When a pulse reaches a liquid surface that has a higher dielectric than the air/vapour in which it is traveling, the pulse is reflected. An ultra high-speed timing circuit precisely measures the transit time and provides an accurate measurement of the liquid level or the liquid-liquid interface. Many of these devices are overfill safe due to the fact that the reference signal is generated above the process seal. Reference signal air Upper εr = 1 level signal > 50 mm (2") Low dielectric medium (e.g. oil, εr = 2) Interface level signal < 50 mm (2") High dielectric medium (e.g. water, εr = 80) Time eclipse.magnetrol.com FE T Y I NT 01 4 C O M EGRITY P 2 SA A N Y E M E M B R V EL LE GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 706 Guided wave radar level transmitter DESCRIPTION Eclipse® Model 706 is an advanced two wire loop powered, 24 V DC guided wave radar transmitter with a superior signal strength to take on a broad range of challenging high pressure high temperature applications. An extensive line of dedicated coaxial, caged coaxial, single and twin rod probes delivers accurate and reliable level control. The innovative dual compartment enclosure positions wiring and electronics in the same plane, and angled to maximise ease of wiring, configuration, set-up and data display. FEATURES “Real Level”, measurement not affected by media variables eg. dielectrics, pressure, density, pH, viscosity, ... Easy bench configuration - no need for level movement. 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. 360° rotatable housing can be dismantled without depressurising the vessel via “Quick connect/disconnect” probe coupling. Probe designs: up to +450 °C / 430 bar (+850 °F / 6250 psi). Saturated steam applications up to 155 bar @ +345 °C (2250 psi @ +650 °F). Cryogenic applications down to -196 °C (-320 °F). Integral or remote mount electronics. Suited for SIL 2 or SIL 3 Loops (full FMEDA report available). Unique overfill feature. Higher pulse amplitude and superior signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). 4-button user interface and graphical LCD display provide enhanced depth of data, indicating on-screen waveforms and troubleshooting tips. Can be programmed to automatically capture waveform data by time or by event occurrence. Contains pro-active build-up diagnostics. Potted electronics. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Liquids or slurries; hydrocarbons to water-based media (dielectric 1.4 - 100) and solids (dielectric 1.9 - 100). Open channel flow flumes and weirs. VESSELS: Most process or storage vessels up to rated probe temperature and pressure. CONDITIONS: All level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapours, foam, surface agitation, bubbling or boiling, high fill/empty rates, low level and varying dielectric media or specific gravity. AGENCY APPROVALS ATEX CCOE Ex d Ex ia Ex n Ex t • • • • • • CSA FM IEC • • • • • • • • Inmetro • • • • EAC (GOST) XP IS NI • • • • • • Other Metrology SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 7 GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 706 PROBE SELECTION Coaxial GWR probes - liquides Application/Type Function Overfill safe Temperature -40 / +65 °C (-40 / +150 °F) -40 / +200 °C (-40 / +400 °F) -196 / +200 °C (-320 / +400 °F) -196 / +450 °C (-320 / +850 °F) -50 / +345 °C (-58 / +650 °F) saturated steam Max pressure 70 bar (1000 psi) 88 bar (1275 psi) 431 bar (6250 psi) Dielectrics (1) ≥ 1.4 ≥ 1.7 ≥4 ≥ 10 Available probe length Standard Enlarged Material of construction 316/316L (1.4401/1.4404) Hastelloy® C (2.4819) Monel® (2.4360) PFA insulated 316/316L rod Process seal type Viscosity cP (mPa.s) Liquid Clean Film coating Moderate build-up Strong build-up Min req. process conn. Small Enlarged (2) (3) (4) (5) 8 7yP Level - Interface High pressure Yes 7yD Level - Interface HTHP Yes 7yS Saturated steam Steam probe No Yes Yes No No No No (2) Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes 0,3 to 6,1 m (12 to 240") 9 m (30') 0,3 to 6,1 m (12 to 240") 9 m (30') 0,3 to 6,1 m (12 to 240") 9 m (30') 0,6 to 6,1 m (24 to 240") N/A Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Teflon® TFE with Viton® o-rings (3) (5) Hermetic glass ceramic, Inconel Hermetic glass ceramic, Inconel Yes Yes No No Hermetic glass ceramic, PEEK HT, Inconel Full vacuum Full vacuum Negative pressure, but no hermetic seal 500/2000 smallenlarged Yes Yes Yes Yes NoYes No No Vacuum service (1) 7yT Level - Interface Standard temp Yes 3/4" 3" (4) 500/2000 smallenlarged Yes Yes Yes Yes NoYes No No 500/2000 smallenlarged Yes Yes Yes Yes NoYes No No 3/4" 3" (4) 1.2 min dielectric when end of probe analysis can be enabled. Acceptable up to 150 °C (300 °F) max with aegis o-rings. Other o-ring materials available (Kalrez®, Aegis,...). Outer probe ø 45 mm (1.75") (SST) or 49 mm (1.90") (exotic material) or 64 mm (2.50") (segmented). Special HF acid probe available upon request. ® 2" 3" (4) Full vacuum 500 Yes Yes No No 2" N/A GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 706 PROBE SELECTION Caged GWR probes - liquides Application/Type Function 7yG Level - Interface Standard temp Yes Overfill safe Temperature Yes -40 / +65 °C (-40 / +150 °F) Yes -40 / +200 °C (-40 / +400 °F) No -196 / +200 °C (-320 / +400 °F) No -196 / +450 °C (-320 / +850 °F) No -50 / +300 °C (-58 / +575 °F) No saturated steam Max pressure Yes 70 bar (1000 psi) No 88 bar (1275 psi) No 431 bar (6250 psi) Dielectrics (1) Yes (2) ≥ 1.4 Yes ≥ 1.7 Yes ≥4 Yes ≥ 10 Available probe length 0,3 to 6,1 m (12 to 240") Material of construction Yes 316/316L (1.4401/1.4404) Yes Hastelloy® C (2.4819) Yes Monel® (2.4360) No PFA insulated 316/316L rod ® Process seal type Teflon TFE with Viton® o-rings (3) (4) Negative pressure, but no Vacuum service hermetic seal Viscosity cP (mPa.s) 10000 Liquid Yes Clean Yes Film coating Yes Moderate build-up Yes Strong build-up Min req. process conn. 2" (1) (2) (3) (4) 7yL Level - Interface High pressure Yes 7yJ Level - Interface HTHP Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (2) Yes Yes Yes 0,3 to 6,1 m (12 to 240") Yes (2) Yes Yes Yes 0,3 to 6,1 m (12 to 240") Yes Yes Yes No Hermetic glass ceramic, Inconel Yes Yes Yes No Hermetic glass ceramic, Inconel Full vacuum Full vacuum 10000 10000 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" 1.2 min dielectric when end of probe analysis can be enabled. When installed in the proper chamber/cage/stilling well. Other o-ring materials available (Kalrez®, Aegis,...). Special HF acid probe available upon request. ® 9 GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 706 PROBE SELECTION Single rod rigid GWR probes - liquides Application/Type Function Overfill safe Temperature -40 / +65 °C (-40 / +150 °F) -40 / +200 °C (-40 / +400 °F) -196 / +200 °C (-320 / +400 °F) -196 / +450 °C (-320 / +850 °F) -50 / +300 °C (-58 / +575 °F) saturated steam Max pressure 70 bar (1000 psi) 88 bar (1275 psi) 431 bar (6250 psi) Dielectrics (1) ≥ 1.4 ≥ 1.7 ≥4 ≥ 10 Available probe length Material of construction 316/316L (1.4401/1.4404) Hastelloy® C (2.4819) Monel® (2.4360) PFA insulated 316/316L rod Process seal type Vacuum service Viscosity cP (mPa.s) Liquid Clean Film coating Moderate build-up Strong build-up Min req. process conn. (1) (2) (3) (4) 10 7yF Level Standard temp No (2) 7yM Level High pressure No (2) 7yN Level HTHP No (2) Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes 0,6 to 7,32 m (24 to 288") No Yes Yes Yes 0,6 to 7,32 m (24 to 288") No Yes Yes Yes 0,6 to 7,32 m (24 to 288") Yes Yes Yes Yes Teflon® TFE with Viton® o-rings (3) Negative pressure, but no hermetic seal 10000 Yes Yes Yes No Hermetic glass ceramic, Inconel Yes Yes Yes No Hermetic glass ceramic, Inconel Full vacuum Full vacuum 10000 10000 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" (4) Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" (4) Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" 1.2 min dielectric when end of probe analysis can be enabled. Overfill capability can be achieved via software. Other o-ring materials available (Kalrez®, Aegis,...). 1" threaded connection available. ® GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 706 PROBE SELECTION Flexible GWR probes - liquides Application/Type Function Overfill safe Temperature -40 / +65 °C (-40 / +150 °F) -40 / +200 °C (-40 / +400 °F) -196 / +200 °C (-320 / +400 °F) -196 / +450 °C (-320 / +850 °F) -50 / +300 °C (-58 / +575 °F) saturated steam Max pressure 70 bar (1000 psi) 88 bar (1275 psi) 431 bar (6250 psi) Dielectrics (1) ≥ 1.4 ≥ 1.7 ≥4 ≥ 10 Available probe length Material of construction 316/316L (1.4401/1.4404) Hastelloy® C (2.4819) Monel® (2.4360) PFA insulated 316/316L cable Process seal type Vacuum service Viscosity cP (mPa.s) Liquid Clean Film coating Moderate build-up Strong build-up Min req. process conn. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 7y1 Level Single flexible Standard temp No (2) 7y3 Level Single flexible HP No (2) 7y6 Level - Interface Single flexible HTHP No (2) 7y7 Level - Interface Twin flexible Standard temp No (2) Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes (4) Yes Yes 1 to 30 m (3 to 100') No Yes (4) Yes Yes 1 to 30 m (3 to 100') Yes (3) Yes Yes Yes 1 to 30 m (3 to 100') No Yes (4) Yes Yes 1 to 30 m (3 to 100') Yes No No Yes Teflon® TFE with Viton® o-rings (5) Negative pressure, but no hermetic seal 10000 Yes No No No Hermetic glass ceramic Yes No No No Hermetic glass ceramic Full vacuum Full vacuum 10000 10000 Yes No No No Teflon® TFE with Viton® o-rings (5) Negative pressure, but no hermetic seal 1500 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" Yes Yes No No 2" 1.2 min dielectric when end of probe analysis can be enabled. Overfill capability can be achieved via software. When installed in the proper chamber/cage/stilling well. May increase with probe length >10 m (30'). Other o-ring materials available (Kalrez®, Aegis,...). ® 11 GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 706 PROBE SELECTION Flexible GWR probes - solids Application/Type Function Overfill safe Temperature -40 / +65 °C (-40 / +150 °F) -40 / +200 °C (-40 / +400 °F) -196 / +200 °C (-320 / +400 °F) -196 / +450 °C (-320 / +850 °F) -50 / +300 °C (-58 / +575 °F) saturated steam Max pressure Dielectrics (1) ≥ 1.4 ≥ 1.7 ≥4 ≥ 10 Available probe length Material of construction 316/316L (1.4401/1.4404) Hastelloy® C (2.4819) Monel® (2.4360) PFA insulated 316/316L rod Process seal type Vacuum service Viscosity cP (mPa.s) Liquid Clean Film coating Moderate build-up Strong build-up Min req. process conn. (1) (2) (3) (4) 12 7y2 Level Single flexible Standard temp No (2) 7y5 Level Twin flexible Standard temp No (2) Yes No No No No No Atmos Yes No No No No No Atmos No No Yes Yes 1 to 30 m (3 to 100') No Yes (3) Yes Yes 1 to 30 m (3 to 100') Yes No No No Teflon® / PEI (4) Negative pressure, but no hermetic seal 10000 Yes No No No Teflon® / PEI (4) Negative pressure, but no hermetic seal 1500 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2" min Yes Yes No No 2" min 1.2 min dielectric when end of probe analysis can be enabled. Overfill capability can be achieved via software. May increase with probe length >10 m (30'). PEI = Ultem™ 1000. ® GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 705 Guided wave radar level transmitter DESCRIPTION Eclipse® 705 Transmitter is a loop-powered, 24 V DC liquid-level transmitter based on the revolutionary Guided Wave Radar (GWR) technology. Encompassing a number of significant engineering accomplishments, this leading edge level transmitter is designed to provide measurement performance well beyond that of many traditional technologies, as well as “through-air” radars. The innovative enclosure is a first in the industry, orienting dual compartments (wiring and electronics) in the same plane, and angled to maximise ease of wiring, configuration, set-up and data display. This single transmitter can be used with all probe types and offers enhanced reliability, for use in SIL2 / SIL 3 loops. FEATURES “Real Level”, measurement not affected by media variables eg. dielectrics, pressure, density, pH, viscosity, ... Easy bench configuration - no need for level simulation. 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. 20-point custom strapping table for volumetric output. 360° rotatable housing can be dismantled without depressurising the vessel via “Quick connect/disconnect” probe coupling. 2-line x 8-characters display and 3-button keypad. Probe designs: up to +425 °C / 430 bar (+800 °F / 6250 psi). Saturated steam applications up to 155 bar @ +345 °C (2250 psi @ +650 °F). Cryogenic applications down to -196 °C (-320 °F). Integral or remote electronics. Suited for SIL 1 or SIL 2 Loops (full FMEDA report available). Suited for SIL 3 Loops (EXIDA Certificate available). APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Liquids or slurries; hydrocarbons to water-based media (dielectric 1,4 - 100) and solids (dielectric 1,9 - 100). VESSELS: Most process or storage vessels up to rated probe temperature and pressure. CONDITIONS: All level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapours, foam, surface agitation, bubbling or boiling, high fill/empty rates, low level and varying dielectric media or specific gravity. AGENCY APPROVALS ATEX Ex d Ex ia Ex n Ex t • • • • • CCOE CSA FM EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea • • • • XP IS NI • • • • • • • • • • NEPSI Other Metrology CPA Marine SIL Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) SIL1/2 (1oo1) Lloyds EN 12952-11 (water tube boilers) Steam Drum Lloyds EN 12953-9 (shell boilers) TÜV WHG § 63, overfill prevention Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 13 GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 705 HEAVY DUTY Guided wave radar probes for heavy duty applications DESCRIPTION Eclipse® 705 Transmitter is a loop-powered, 24 V DC liquid-level transmitter based on the revolutionary Guided Wave Radar (GWR) technology. Encompassing a number of significant engineering accomplishments, this leading edge level transmitter is designed to provide measurement performance well beyond that of many traditional technologies, as well as “through-air” radars. The innovative enclosure is a first in the industry, orienting dual compartments (wiring and electronics) in the same plane, and angled to maximise ease of wiring, configuration, set-up and data display. This single transmitter can be used with all probe types and offers enhanced reliability, for use in SIL 2 / SIL 3 loops. FEATURES “Real Level”, measurement not affected by media variables eg. dielectrics, pressure, density, pH, viscosity, ... Easy bench configuration - no need for level simulation. 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. 20-point custom strapping table for volumetric output. 360° rotatable housing can be removed without depressurising the vessel via “Quick connect/ disconnect” probe coupling. 2-line x 8 characters display and 3-button keypad. Probe designs: up to +425 °C / 430 bar (+800 °F / 6250 psi). Saturated steam applications up to 155 bar @ +345 °C (2250 psi @ +650 °F). Cryogenic applications down to -196 °C (-320 °F). Integral or remote electronics. Suited for SIL 1 or SIL 2 Loops (full FMEDA report available). Suited for SIL 3 Loops (EXIDA Certificate available). APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Liquids or slurries; hydrocarbons to water-based media (dielectric 1,4 - 100), up to 10.000 cP. VESSELS: Most process or storage vessels up to rated probe temperature and pressure. CONDITIONS: All level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapours, foam, surface agitation, bubbling or boiling, high fill/empty rates, low level and varying dielectric media or specific gravity. AGENCY APPROVALS ATEX Ex d Ex ia Ex n Ex t • • • • • CCOE CSA FM EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea • • • • XP IS NI • • • • • • • • • • NEPSI Marine SIL Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) SIL1/2 (1oo1) Lloyds EN 12952-11 (water tube boilers) Steam Drum Lloyds EN 12953-9 (shell boilers) TÜV WHG § 63, overfill prevention Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 14 ® Other Metrology CPA GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 705 PROBE SELECTION Coaxial style GWR probes Application/Type 7MR-7MM (coax) 7MD-7ML (coax) 7MS /7MQ (coax) 7MT-7MN (coax) 7MG (single rod) (2) Level HTHP(1) Steam Level - Interface Level - Interface -40 / +150 °C (-40 / +300 °F) Yes Yes No Yes Yes -40 / +200 °C (-40 / +400 °F) Yes Yes No Yes Yes -196 / +425 °C (-320 / +800 °F) No Yes No No No Up to +300 °C (+575 °F) No No Saturated steam: 7MS: < 300 °C (575 °F) 7MQ: > 300 °C (575 °F) No No 0 to 50 bar (0 to 750 psi) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 to 70 bar (0 to 1000 psi) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Function Temperature Pressure 0 to 155 bar (0 to 2250 psi) No Yes Yes No No Vacuum to 430 bar (6250 psi) No Yes No No No Level: 1.4 or 1.7 to 100 Level: 1.4 or 1.7 to 100 Min. dielectrics Level: 1.4 or 1.7 to 100 ≥ 1.4 Yes ≥ 1.7 Yes ≥ 1.9 Yes ≥ 10 Available probe length No Interface: No Interface: Interface: No Upper liquid: 1.4 to 5.0 Lower liquid: 15 to 100 Upper liquid: 1.4 to 5.0 Lower liquid: 15 to 100 4,5 m (177") 6,1 m (240") 6,1 m (240") Yes Yes Yes Yes Upper liquid: 1.4 or 1.7 to 5.0 Lower liquid: 15 to 100 Yes 6,1 m (240") 6,1 m (240") Yes Yes Wetted materials 316/316L Hastelloy C Yes Yes No Yes Yes Monel Yes Yes No Yes Yes “0”ring type with various materials Borosilicate seal (Full vacuum) Dynamic steam seal with HT PEEK / Aegis “0”ring type with various materials “0”ring type with various materials Clean Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Film coating Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ® ® Seal type Liquid Weak build-up Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong build-up Use Ø 45 mm (1.75") (7MM) Use Ø 45 mm (1.75") (7ML) No Use Ø 45 mm (1.75") (7MN) Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Ø 22,5 (7MR) 45 (7MM) mm (0.88 - 1.75") Ø 22,5 (7MD) 45 (7ML) mm (0.88 - 1.75") Ø 22,5 mm (0.88") Ø 22,5 (7MT) 45 (7MN) mm (0.88 - 1.75") Ø 13, 19 or 25 mm (0.5, 0.75 or 1") aggressive Probe Ø/section (1) (2) High Temperature / High Pressure (HTHP) GWR probes with multi venting holes are suitable for level and liquid-liquid interface measurement. Caged single rod probe with the same performance as a coax set up. ® 15 GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 705 PROBE SELECTION Single and dual lead GWR probes Application/Type 7MF-A (single rod) 7MF-F (single rod) 7MJ (single rod) 7M1/7M2 (single cable) 7MB (twin rod) 7M7/7M5 (twin flex) Level liquids PFA coated HTHP Liquids / Solids Level - Interface Liquids / Solids -40 / +150 °C (-40 / +300 °F) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes -40 / +200 °C (-40 / +400 °F) No No Yes Yes (7M1 only) Yes Yes (7M7) ambient (7M5) -40 / +315 °C (-40 / +600 °F) No No Yes As “X”(1) No No 0 to 70 bar (0 to 1000 psi) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 to 245 bar (0 to 3550 psi) No No Yes As “X” No No ≥ 1.4 No No No 7M1: ≥ 1.9 No No ≥ 1.9 Yes Yes Yes 7M2: ≥ 4.0 Yes Yes ≥ 10 Yes Yes Yes Function Temperature Pressure (1) Min. dielectrics Available probe length Yes Yes 6,1 m (240") 22 m (72.18') 6,1 m (240") 6,1 m (240") 6,1 m (240") 22 m (72.18') 316/316L Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes - FEP insul. Hastelloy C No No Yes No Yes No Monel® No No Yes No Yes No Wetted materials ® Seal type “0”ring type with Viton /EPDM/Kalrez 4079/PEEK materials (not for use with ammonia, use only 7MD) ® ® Liquid Clean Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Film coating Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Weak build-up Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong build-up Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No aggressive No Yes Yes No Yes No Ø 13 mm (0.5") Ø 16 mm (0,6") Ø 13 mm (0.5") Ø 5 mm (0.2") 2 x Ø 13 mm (0.5") 2 x Ø 6 mm (0.2") Probe Ø/section Remote transmitter head available as an option (1) As “X” = optionally available. 16 ® GUIDED WAVE RADAR ECLIPSE® 705 HYGIENIC Guided wave radar level transmitter for hygienic use DESCRIPTION Eclipse® 705 Transmitter is a loop-powered, 24 V DC liquid-level transmitter based on the revolutionary Guided Wave Radar (GWR) technology. Encompassing a number of significant engineering accomplishments, this leading edge level transmitter is designed to provide measurement performance well beyond that of many traditional technologies, including “through-air” radar. Typical for these devices is that the probe can be bended (upon request) to follow the shape of the vessel. This way mixing blades can be avoided and measurement can be carried out to the last drop present. ECLIPSE 705 offers enhanced reliability, as demonstrated by a Safe Failure Fraction of 91 %. FEATURES “Real Level”, measurement not affected by media variables eg. dielectrics, pressure, density, pH, viscosity, ... 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. 20-point custom strapping table for volumetric output. Housing can be removed without depressurising the vessel. 2-line x 8 characters display and 3-button keypad. Suitable design for CIP/SIP cleaning. Integral or remote electronics. Suited for SIL 1 or SIL 2 Loops (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS MEDIA: From non-conductive liquids up to water-based media (dielectric 1,9 - 100). VESSELS: Most process or storage vessels. CONDITIONS: All level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapours, foam, surface agitation, bubbling or boiling, high fill/empty rates, low level and varying dielectric media or specific gravity. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d FEBRUARY 2003 BPE Ex ia IS NI CSA • • FM • • ATEX • CCOE • EAC (GOST) • IEC • Ex n Ex t XP Other Metrology SIL SIL1/2 (1oo1) Hygienic Machinery Directive 98/37/EC annex 1, section 2,1 TNO EN 1672 part 2, Hygienic requirements EHEDG doc. 2 (second edit. March 2000) and doc. 8 (July 1993) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 17 GUIDED WAVE RADAR HORIZON™ 704 Guided wave radar level transmitter DESCRIPTION Horizon™ 704 is a loop-powered, 24 V DC liquid-level transmitter based on the revolutionary Guided Wave Radar (GWR) technology. The electronics of the HORIZON 704 is integral mount on the GWR probe and allows local configuration via a 3-button keypad / display. HORIZON 704 electronics are compatible with different types of GWR probes each encompassing different application challenges (coaxial or twin rod types). The aluminium or Lexan® housing can be removed for service under process conditions. FEATURES “Real Level”, measurement not affected by changing media variables eg. dielectrics, pressure, density, pH, viscosity, ... Easy bench configuration - no need for level simulation. 2-line x 8 characters display / 3-button keypad or blind transmitter. 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. Housing can be easily removed without depressurising the vessel. HART®/AMS® digital communication. Max process temperature: +205 °C (+400 °F). Max process pressure: 70 bar (1000 psi). 4-20 mA output (meets NAMUR NE 43). Integral mount electronics. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Liquids or slurries; hydrocarbons to water-based media (dielectric 1,7 - 100). VESSELS: Most process or storage vessels up to rated probe temperature and pressure. CONDITIONS: All level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapours, foam, coating / build-up, surface agitation, turbulence and varying dielectric media or specific gravity. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d ATEX CSA FM Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP IS NI • • • • • • • Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 18 ® Other GUIDED WAVE RADAR ® 19 PULSE BURST RADAR Pulse Burst Radar emits short bursts of energy to a liquid surface. Ultra-high-speed timing circuitry measures the time of the signal reflected off the liquid surface. Sophisticated signal processing filters out false reflections and other background noises. The exact level is then calculated, by factoring in tank height and other configuration information. The circuitry is extremely energy efficient so no duty cycling is needed as with other radar devices. This allows the device to track high rates of level changes up to 4,5 m/minute (180"/min). initial pulse reflected pulse air εr = 1 liquid distance FE T Y I NT SA =C T (speed of light) x (transit 2 time) εr > 1,7 EGRITY V EL LE PULSE BURST RADAR PULSAR® R96 Pulse burst radar level transmitter DESCRIPTION Pulsar® Radar transmitter is the latest generation of loop-powered, 24 V DC, level transmitters. It has low power consumption, fast response time and is easy to use. PULSAR is designed to provide unparalleled performance and ease of use. PULSAR non-contact radar is the perfect complement to the Magnetrol® Eclipse® Guided Wave Radar. These transmitters offer the ultimate solution to the vast majority of process level applications. FEATURES 6 GHz operating frequency offers superior performance in the tougher applications of turbulence, foam, and heavy vapours. 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. 360° rotatable housing can be dismantled without depressurising the vessel via “Quick connect/disconnect” antenna coupling. 4-button user interface and graphical LCD display provide enhanced depth of data, indicating on-screen waveforms and troubleshooting tips. 2 antenna styles up to +200 °C / 51,7 bar (+400 °F / 750 psi): - horn antenna: 3", 4" and 6" - dielectric rod antenna: Polypropylene and TFE. Measuring range up to 40 m (130 Feet). False target setup is simple, intuitive and effective. Will reliably track extremely rapid rate of change up to 4,5 m (180") / minute. Suited for SIL 1 and SIL 2 loops (full FMEDA report available). Can be programmed to automatically capture waveform data by time or by event occurrence. Potted electronics. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Liquids or slurries; hydrocarbons to water-based media (dielectric 1,7 - 100). VESSELS: Most process or storage vessels up to rated probe temperature and pressure. CONDITIONS: Virtually all level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapours, some foam, surface agitation, bubbling or boiling, high fill/empty rates, low level and varying dielectric media or specific gravity. AGENCY APPROVALS ATEX Ex d Ex ia • • CSA FM EAC (GOST) IEC • Ex n Ex t XP IS NI • • • • • • • • Other Metrology SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 21 PULSE BURST RADAR MODEL R82 Non-contact radar level transmitter for level, volume and open channel flow applications DESCRIPTION Model R82 is an economical, loop powered radar transmitter bringing radar to everyday applications. Ultrasonic devices, frequently used in daily applications, can now be replaced using radar technology with its superior performance. The electronics are housed in a single compartment cast aluminium or Lexan® housing. R82 measures effectively even when atmospheres above the liquid are saturated with vapour. Pulse Burst technology and advanced signal processing manage common disturbances such as false echoes caused by obstructions, multi-path reflections from tank sidewalls or turbulence caused by agitators, aggressive chemicals, or aerators. FEATURES 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe transmitter. 26 GHz frequency. Fast and easy configuration via 2-line x 16 characters display and 4-button keypad. Intuitive false target profiling. Rotatable microwave beam for optimised operation. Encapsulated PP or Tefzel® antennas in lengths of 50 mm (2") and 200 mm (8"). Process temperature: -40 °C to +93 °C (-40 °F to +200 °F) pressure: vacuum to 13,8 bar (200 psi) dielectric: 1,7 – 100. Suited for SIL 1 loops (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Open channel flow flumes and weirs. Paint, ink and solvent tanks. Chemical storage. Thick and viscous media. Batch and day tanks. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • CCOE • cFMus EAC (GOST) • IEC • Inmetro • Ex n Ex t XP IS NI • • SIL SIL 1 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 22 ® Other Metrology PULSE BURST RADAR ® 23 ULTRASONIC CONTACT Echotel® ultrasonic contact operates on a two crystal pulsed or “transmit-receive” principle which applies a high frequency electronic burst to the transmit crystal. The signal is then converted into ultrasonic energy and transmitted across the sensing gap towards the receiver crystal. When there is air in the gap, the high frequency ultrasonic energy will be attenuated, thereby not allowing the energy to be received. When there is liquid in the gap, the ultrasonic energy will propagate across the gap and the current shift or relay output will indicate a reception of the signal. air/gas dry gap echotel.magnetrol.com FE T Y I NT 01 4 C O M EGRITY P 2 SA A N Y E M E M B R liquid wet gap V EL LE ULTRASONIC CONTACT ECHOTEL® 961/962 Ultrasonic level switch DESCRIPTION Echotel® 961/962 series are used to detect high or low level alarm(s) in a broad range of liquids. Pulsed signal technology provides superior performance in applications suffering from foam, aeration, heavy turbulence and suspensions containing solids. ECHOTEL 961 has a tip sensitive setpoint and is ideally used as high or low level alarm. ECHOTEL 962 offers 2 setpoints on the same transducer, a tip sensitive setpoint and a second setpoint via a flow-through upper gap. The unit is used for level alarm or to control a pump in an auto fill/empty mode. ECHOTEL 961/962 is equipped with advanced diagnostics that continuously check the transducer and electronics. The diagnostics also alarm for electrical noise interference from external sources. FEATURES No calibration required. 2-wire loop powered with mA output or AC/DC line powered with integrated relay(s). Continuous selftest with selectable error output. LED identification for: - process alarm - error of transducer, electronics or electrical noise interference - wet/dry status of transducer. Push buttons for manual testing of alarm and error signals. Adjustable time delay up to 45 s. Process temperature from -80 °C to +165 °C (-110 °F to +325 °F) depending on used materials. Process pressure up to 138 bar (2000 psi). Metal and plastic transducers. Suited for SIL 1 and SIL 2 loops (full FMEDA report available). Remote electronics. APPLICATIONS VESSELS: Any mounting position. CONDITIONS: Unaffected by - shifting dielectric, density or pH - presence of foam, turbulence, visible vapours - fast drain/fill rates - transducer coating and air bubbles - vacuum conditions. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • • CCOE • • CSA FM EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro • • • Ex n Ex t XP IS NI • • • • • • Other • • SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 25 ULTRASONIC CONTACT ECHOTEL® 961 Ultrasonic level switch for hygienic use DESCRIPTION Echotel® 961 ultrasonic level switches require no calibration to detect the presence of any liquid in less than 1s. Foam is ignored by this technology, so that the unit only detects the presence or absence of liquid. The pulsed wave technology permits the unit to resist turbulence, aeration, suspended solids and build-up. ECHOTEL 961 has both 3A and EHEDG approval for use in hygienic applications. ECHOTEL 961 offers either current shift or relay output. FEATURES No calibration required. 2-wire loop powered with mA output, AC/DC line powered with integrated relays. Continuous selftest with selectable error output. Process temperature from -40 °C to +165 °C (-40 °F to +325 °F). Process pressure up to 103 bar (1500 psi). LED identification for: - process alarm - error of transducer, electronics or electrical noise interference - wet/dry status of transducer. Push buttons for manual testing of alarm and error signals. Adjustable time delay up to 45 s. Suitable sensor design for CIP/SIP cleaning. Suited for SIL 1 and SIL 2 loops (full FMEDA report available). Hygienic connections. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Any liquid. FEBRUARY 2003 VESSELS: Any mounting position. BPE CONDITIONS: Unaffected by - shifting dielectric, density or pH - presence of foam, turbulence, visible vapours - fast drain/fill rates - vacuum conditions. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d IS NI CSA • • FM • • SIL Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP SIL 2 (1oo1) Hygienic Machinery Directive 98/37/EC annex 1, section 2,1 TNO EN 1672 part 2, Hygienic requirements EHEDG doc. 2 (second edit. March 2000) and doc. 8 (July 1993) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 26 ® Other ULTRASONIC CONTACT ECHOTEL® 910 Ultrasonic tip sensitive level control DESCRIPTION Echotel® 910 is an integral mounted ultrasonic tip sensitive level switch with integrated DPDT relay. ECHOTEL 910 is ideally suited for seal pots, OEMs, overflow prevention, high or low level alarm in clean liquid applications with or without foam. FEATURES No calibration required. Dual electrical entries and various housings are standard available. A built-in averaging circuit ensures no false alarms due to most effervescence or turbulences. Actuation is determined by the length of the transducer and is available in lengths between 3 cm (1") and 254 cm (96"). Process pressure/temperature: 55,2 bar at -40 °C to +120 °C (800 psi at -40°F to +250 °F). All materials exposed to process in 316/316L SST (1.4401/1.4404). Field selectable high/low level failsafe. APPLICATIONS LIQUIDS: Any clean liquids. VESSELS: Any mounting position. PROCESS CONDITIONS: Unaffected by - shifting dielectric, density or pH - presence of foam, turbulence, visible vapours - fast drain/fill rates - transducer coating and air bubbles - vacuum conditions. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d ATEX • CCOE • Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP IS NI CSA • • FM • • EAC (GOST) Other • Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 27 ULTRASONIC CONTACT ECHOTEL® 940/941 Ultrasonic level switch DESCRIPTION Echotel® 940/941 ultrasonic level controls are compact integral units which utilise pulsed wave technology to detect high or low level alarm in a broad range of viscous to light liquids. The unit is available in two versions: - with integrated relay: ECHOTEL 940 - with 8/16 mA current shift: ECHOTEL 941. FEATURES No calibration required. Electronics potted in sensor. Compact and easy to install design. High or low level detection. Max +85 °C at 138 bar (+185 °F at 2000 psi). IP66, watertight, with flying leads. Horseshoe shaped transducer gap. APPLICATIONS VESSELS: Any mounting position, ideally suited for filters. CONDITIONS: Unaffected by - shifting dielectric, density or pH - presence of foam, turbulence, visible vapours - fast drain/fill rates - vacuum conditions. AGENCY APPROVALS IS NI CSA Ex d Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP • • FM • • Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 28 ® Other ULTRASONIC CONTACT ® 29 ULTRASONIC NON-CONTACT The level measurement is accomplished by emitting an ultrasonic pulse from the transducer face and measuring the elapsed time between sending this pulse and its reflected echo from the liquid surface. Since the speed of sound is temperature dependant, the transducer also measures ambient temperature to compensate for the changing velocity. FE T Y I NT SA EGRITY V EL LE ULTRASONIC NON-CONTACT ECHOTEL® 355 Ultrasonic non-contact transmitter for level, volume or open channel flow DESCRIPTION Echotel® 355 is an integral mount, high performance ultrasonic non-contact transmitter for liquid level, volume and open channel flow measurement. The electronics are housed in a single compartment cast aluminium or Lexan® housing. The intelligent electronics analyse the ultrasonic echo profile, apply temperature compensation, reject echoes from false targets, and then processes the true echo from the liquid surface. This results in an extremely reliable measurement even when application difficulties like turbulence and false echoes exist. FEATURES 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe transmitter. Fast and easy configuration via 2-line x 16 characters display and 4-button keypad. False target rejection identifies true echo from liquid surface. Common tank shapes and 20-point custom table for volume calculations. Flume/weir primary elements and generic equation for open channel flow. Process temperature from -40 °C to +80 °C (-40 °F to +175 °F). Process pressure max 3 bar (43,5 psi). Two 7-digit totalizers for flow: - resettable - continuous totalizer. Suited for SIL 1 loops (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Open channel flow flumes and weirs. Paint, ink and solvent tanks. Chemical storage. Thick and viscous media. Batch and day tanks. Sumps. AGENCY APPROVALS ATEX Ex d Ex ia • • Ex t XP IS NI • • Other • CCOE cFMus Inmetro Ex n • • SIL SIL 1 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 31 ULTRASONIC NON-CONTACT ECHOTEL® 335 Ultrasonic non-contact transmitter for level, volume or open channel flow DESCRIPTION Echotel® 335 is an integral mount, high performance ultrasonic non-contact transmitter for liquid level, volume and open channel flow measurement. The electronics are housed in a dual compartment housing seperating field wiring from user interface electronics. Advanced digital signal processing routines enable the 335 to perform in applications involving in-tank obstructions, light foam and agitation. FEATURES Fast and easy calibration via 4 and 20 mA magnetic touch points. LED indication for - echo validity - relay status (energised/de-energised). Plug in custom / 6 digit display module (optional) - for easy set up - with bar graph display for liquid level % or echo strength. Process temperature from -30 °C to +90 °C (-22 °F to +195 °F). IP 67, dual compartment (field wiring / user interface electronics) in cast aluminium. Signal output: linearised 4-20 mA and separate relay for level alarm or echo loss tracking. 2 separate totalisers for flow: - daily resettable - continuous totaliser. Max level range: 8 m (26 ft). APPLICATIONS Water and waste water: tank - open channel flow measurement. Paper and pulp. Paint, ink and solvent tanks. General industry. Oil and chemical storage. Thick and viscous media. Food and beverage. Batch and day tanks. 32 ® ULTRASONIC NON-CONTACT ® 33 THERMAL DISPERSION The thermal switches are based on heat transfer. One sensor is at the process temperature and the other is being heated by a constant power. As the flow rate increases, the temperature difference between the sensors decreases. A set point is established so when that specific temperature difference is reached the relay changes state. This can be on either increasing or decreasing flow or flow/no flow. When used in a level or interface application it is primarily the thermal conductivity of the fluid that will provide the difference in heat transfer. High temperature differential flow.magnetrol.com FE T Y I NT 01 4 C O M EGRITY P 2 SA A N Y E M E M B R Low temperature differential V EL LE THERMAL DISPERSION THERMATEL® TG1/TG2 Thermal dispersion switch DESCRIPTION Thermatel® TG1/TG2 switches consist of electronics in a DIN rail housing and a remote sensor with aluminium or stainless steel sensor housing (max 500 m (1640 ft) away from electronics). TG1/TG2 switches can easily be adjusted to detect flow (gases and liquids), level or liquid-liquid interface. Both units are 2-wire 24 V DC powered and intrinsically safe approved. TG1 offers standard LED flow indication, TG2 offers LED flow indication per NAMUR NE 44. FEATURES Easy field calibration – pre-calibration from factory on request. Variable flow or flow / no flow detection of gases and liquids. Excellent low flow sensitivity. Continuous diagnostics detect sensor fault. Continuous monitoring of flow rate versus setpoint via LED. mA output provides repeatable indication of flow rate and fault detection. Optional retractable fitting for dismantling under process conditions. Unique spherical tip design option ideal for liquids or high viscosity applications. Process conditions up to +450 °C (+850 °F) and 413 bar (6000 psi). Suited for SIL1 and SIL2 loops (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Pump protection, low or high flow indication, high viscosity level, high temperature/pressure, interface detection. MEDIA: All types of gases and liquids. VESSELS: Pipe sizes down to 1/4". Max sensor length up to 3,3 m (10,8 ft). Can be installed at any angle vertically/horizontally. CONDITIONS: Can be used on conductive and non conductive media, very light density to heavy viscous media. Can be set to ignore foam, aeration, turbulence, and cavitation. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • EAC (GOST) • Ex n Ex t XP IS NI Other SIL SIL 1 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 35 THERMAL DISPERSION THERMATEL® TD1/TD2 Thermal dispersion switch DESCRIPTION Thermatel® TD1/TD2 switches can easily be adjusted to detect flow (gases and liquids), level or liquid-liquid interface. TD1 is a line powered 24 V DC unit with integral electronics and a built-in DPDT relay. TD2 is either V DC or V AC line powered, has integral or remote electronics and offers additional LED indication, time delay and mA output for diagnostics and trending. With continuous diagnostics, automatic temperature compensation, narrow hysteresis and fast response time, TD1/TD2 bring you the latest in thermal dispersion technology. FEATURES Easy field calibration – pre-calibration from factory on request. Variable flow or flow / no flow detection of gases and liquids. Excellent low flow sensitivity. Automatic temperature compensation for repeatable alarm under varying process temperatures. Continuous diagnostics detect sensor fault. Continuous monitoring of flow rate versus setpoint via LED (TD2). mA output provides repeatable indication of flow rate and fault detection (TD2). Set point / alarm can be measured over test points (TD2). Optional retractable fitting for dismantling under process conditions. Unique spherical tip design option ideal for liquids or high viscosity applications. Process conditions up to +450 °C (+850 °F) and 413 bar (6000 psi). Integral or remote electronics up to 150 m (500 ft). Suited for SIL1 and SIL2 loops (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Pump protection, low or high flow indication, high viscosity level, high temperature/pressure, interface detection. MEDIA: All types of gases and liquids. VESSELS: Pipe sizes down to 1/4". Max sensor length up to 3,3 m (10,8 ft). Can be installed at any angle vertically/horizontally, flanged, threaded or with compression fitting with or without hot or cold tap. CONDITIONS: Can be used on conductive and non conductive media, very light density to heavy viscous media. Can be set to ignore foam, aeration, turbulence, and cavitation. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d ATEX • CCOE • Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP IS CSA • • FM • • ® Other Ex d+ib EAC (GOST) • IEC • Ex d+ib Inmetro • Ex d+ib Korea • SIL SIL 1 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 36 NI THERMAL DISPERSION THERMATEL® TD2 Thermal dispersion switch for hygienic use DESCRIPTION Thermatel® TD2 switches can easily be adjusted to detect flow (gases and liquids), level or liquidliquid interface. TD2 is either V DC or V AC line powered and offers additional LED indication, time delay and mA output for diagnostics and trending. The unit has both 3A and EHEDG approval for use in hygienic applications. FEATURES Easy field calibration – pre-calibration from factory on request. Variable flow or flow / no flow detection of gases and liquids. Excellent low flow sensitivity. Automatic temperature compensation for repeatable alarm under varying process temperatures. Continuous diagnostics detect sensor fault. Continuous monitoring of flow rate versus setpoint via LED. mA output provides repeatable indication of flow rate and fault detection. Set point / alarm can be measured over test points. Suited for SIL1 loops (full FMEDA report available). Hycienic process connections. APPLICATIONS Pump protection, low or high flow indication, high viscosity level, high temperature/pressure, interface detection. MEDIA: All types of gases and liquids. VESSELS: Max sensor length up to 3,3 m (10,8 ft). Can be installed at any angle vertically/ horizontally. CONDITIONS: Can be used on conductive and non conductive media, very light density to heavy viscous media. Can be set to ignore foam, aeration, turbulence, and cavitation. AGENCY APPROVALS FEBRUARY 2003 BPE Ex d Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP IS NI SIL 1 (1oo1) Hygienic Machinery Directive 98/37/EC annex 1, section 2,1 TNO EN 1672 part 2, Hygienic requirements EHEDG doc. 2 (second edit. March 2000) and doc. 8 (July 1993) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details Other SIL ® 37 THERMAL DISPERSION Mass Flow Measurement Thermal flow meters are primarily used in air and gas flow measurement applications. The meters consist of a transmitter and probe with temperature sensors (RTDs) located in the pins at the bottom of the probe. One sensor measures the process temperature and the other sensor is heated to a specific temperature above this. As the flow rate increases heat gets taken away from the heated sensor. Some manufacturers use a variable power operation to keep the temperature difference constant, while others keep the power constant and measure the temperature difference. The Magnetrol® Model TA2 measures the power it takes to maintain a constant temperature difference between the sensors. This relationship between power and mass flow rate is established during calibration. RTD Heater flow.magnetrol.com FE T Y I NT SA EGRITY V EL LE THERMAL DISPERSION THERMATEL® ENHANCED MODEL TA2 Thermal mass flow meter DESCRIPTION Enhanced Model TA2 Thermal Mass Flow Meter provides reliable mass measurement for air and gas flow applications. The powerful, yet easy to use, electronics are contained in a compact flameproof enclosure. TA2 is available with both insertion probes as well as flow body design for smaller pipe sizes. TA2 offers excellent performance at an exceptional value. FEATURES Direct mass flow measurement of air and gases. No need for temperature/pressure correction. High turndown ratio 100:1. Excellent low flow sensitivity. Low pressure drop. NIST traceable calibrations. Flow, temperature and totalised flow available over HART®. Advanced diagnostics check condition of probe, electronics, and wiring. Rotatable plug-in display module provides display of flow rate, temperature, totalised flow, plus diagnostic messages. Process temperatures up to +205 °C (+400 °F). Pressure rating up to 103 bar (1500 psi) dependent upon process connections. Probe can be field replaced. Calibration verification in the field. Optional: - retractable probe assembly or valve with compression fitting - flow body for 1/2" to 4" pipe sizes - flow conditioning plate for flow bodies 11/2" and higher. Accepts both AC and DC power input. Optional pulse output plus second mA output which can be used for temperature or different flow range (passive output only). 2-line x 16 characters backlit display with 4- button keypad for ease of configuration. Calibration for two different gases. Auto switching for extended turndown. Language selections of English, German, French, Spanish and Russian. Rotatable housing. Suited for SIL 1 and SIL 2 loops (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Compressed air, combustion air, aeration air, natural gas, flare gas, digester/biogas/landfill gas, hydrogen cooling, nitrogen tank blanketing. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d ATEX • CCOE • Ex n Ex t XP IS • cFMus EAC (GOST) • IEC • Inmetro • • Korea Ex ia NI Other Ex d+ib • Metrology SIL SIL 1 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 39 ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METER The function of an electromagnetic flow meter is based on Faraday’s law of induction. The sensor consists of a nonmagnetic and non-conductive tube with two embedded measuring electrodes. To create an alternating magnetic field, two coils are fitted onto the tube in parallel with the plane defined by the active parts of the measuring electrodes. If a conductive liquid flows across the magnetic field, a voltage will appear on the measuring electrodes proportional to the flow velocity and the conductor length. water.magnetrol.com polaris.magnetrol.com ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METER POLARIS® Electromagnetic flow meter DESCRIPTION The electromagnetic flow meter consists of a sensor through which the measured liquid flows and an electronic unit where the low-level signal from the sensor is modified to a standardized form suitable for further processing in various industrial electronic devices. The output signal is proportional to the volumetric flow rate of the measured liquid. The only factor limiting the application of electromagnetic flow meters is the requirement that the measured liquid shall be conductive and non-magnetic. The electromagnetic flow meter can be designed either as an integral device or with the sensor separated from the associated electronic unit. In the former case, the electronic unit is fitted directly onto the sensor, in the latter case it is connected to the sensor by a remote cable. The sensor design shall take into consideration the type of the measured liquid and its operational parameters. To facilitate fitting into the liquid piping, the sensor can be provided with end flanges or as a wafer style design. FEATURES 4-20 mA, pulse, and alarm outputs. Liquid conductivity down to 5 µS/cm. Forward and reverse flow indication. Multiple liner and electrode options. HART protocol for use with PACTware™. Flanged or wafer style sensors. APPLICATIONS Conductive liquids: - water - water based liquids - sludge flows. ® 41 RF CAPACITANCE The liquid acts as an isolator between two conductors (probe and tank wall). When level rises, there is more gain of capacity into an analog or digital signal. RF CAPACITANCE KOTRON® 805 Smart RF level transmitter DESCRIPTION Kotron® series 805 is an economical but “full function” 2-wire loop-powered 24 V DC, smart RF transmitter. The microprocessor based electronics allow the user to calibrate the 805 with only one small level change. The electronics are housed in an ergonomical dual compartment housing which is directly mounted on top of the probe. FEATURES Transmitter with local keypad/display. Calibration using HART®, or locally via a 2-line x 8 characters display and a 3-button keypad. Continuous local display of level, % and loop signal. Fault identification via FAULT message on display. Other Features: Ergonomical - 45° angle, dual compartment housing isolates terminal board from electronics. Transmitter head can be removed from probe without depressurising the vessel. Process temperature max +540 °C at 35 bar (+1000 °F at 500 psi). Process pressure max 345 bar at +40 °C (5000 psi at +100 °F). Compatible with over 50 application oriented KOTRON® probes (see bulletin BE 50-125). APPLICATIONS Hydrocarbons & solvents. Corrosives, acids and caustics. Powders & granulars. High temperature/pressure liquids. Interface. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d ATEX CSA FM Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP IS NI • • • • • Other • Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 43 RF CAPACITANCE KOTRON® 82 Level transmitter DESCRIPTION Kotron® 82 2-Wire RF capacitance transmitter is one of the most cost effective level transmitters available today. Compact in size, it employs state of the art technology for a stable, accurate signal in a wide range of materials. FEATURES Uses state of the art technology to provide a stable, more accurate signal. 4-20 mA isolated output signal. Utilises a 24 V DC current loop for power source and signal transmission. Input voltage of 14 to 40 V DC at transmitter terminals. Potted electronics are vibration resistant, protect electronics from the environment and allow easy wiring. Has integral metering points to allow the local measurement of 4-20 mA loop current without breaking the two-wire circuit loop. Power indicator LED varies in brightness with level changes. Available with a full range of rigid and flexible sensing probes to 345 bar (5000 psi) and +540 °C (+1000 °F). APPLICATIONS Clean or dirty liquids. Viscous liquids. Light slurries. Corrosive liquids. High temperature liquids. Chemicals. Hydrocarbons & solvents. Food & beverage. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia CSA FM EAC (GOST) Ex n Ex t XP IS NI • • • • • • Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 44 ® Other RF CAPACITANCE ® 45 MAGNETOSTRICTIVE Jupiter® magnetostrictive transmitter utilises the effect of a magnetic field on a magnetostrictive wire as the basis for operation of the instrument. The primary components are the probe assembly containing the wire and the electronics assembly. 1. A low energy pulse which is generated by the electronics travels the length of the magnetostrictive wire. 2. A return signal is generated from the precise location where the magnetic field of the float intersects the wire. 3. Interaction between the magnetic field, electrical pulse and magnetostrictive wire cause a slight mechanical disturbance in the wire that travels back up the probe at the speed of sound. 4. A timer precisely measures the elapsed time between the generation of the pulse and the return 4 of the mechanical or acoustic signal. This is detected by the 1 acoustic sensor located below the electronics housing. The 3 software is set up to measure the 2 time-of-flight data and to display and convert to level and/or liquidliquid interface measurement. FE T Y I NT SA EGRITY V EL LE MAGNETOSTRICTIVE JUPITER® JM4 Magnetostrictive level transmitter DESCRIPTION Jupiter® liquid level transmitter is a loop-powered 24 V DC liquid-level transmitter and is available as a direct insertion transmitter or as an external mounted transmitter onto a Magnetic Level Indicator. The unit can be designed for liquid level and/or liquid-liquid interface measurement. The innovative enclosure is a first in the industry, orienting dual compartments (wiring and electronics) in the same plane and angled to maximize ease of wiring, configuration, set-up and data display. The high safety level of JUPITER is demonstrated by a Safe Failure Fraction > 90 %. FEATURES High precision and repeatable level measurement: - accuracy up to ± 1,27 mm (0.05") - repeatability of ± 0,36 mm (0.014"). Easy bench configuration – no need for level simulation. Auto-configuration option – configuration settings contained within probe. Rotatable housing can be dismantled without depressurising the vessel via “Quick connect/disconnect” probe coupling. 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. Dual compartment with separate housing for wiring and electronics. 4-button user interface and graphical LCD display provide enhanced depth of data, indicating on-screen waveforms and troubleshooting tips. Process temperature up to +425 °C (+800 °F). Process pressure up to 207 bar (3000 psi) Probe lengths up to 10,7 m (35 ft). Float failure reporting. IP 67 Enclosure Rating. Suited for SIL 1 or SIL 2 loops (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Highly recommended for use in liquids with enhanced foam development. Interface measurement where the upper liquid layer has a higher dielectric than the lower liquid layer. CONDITIONS: Suited for use in a turbulent liquid environment as the float remains in contact with the liquid surface whilst emitting its signal. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • • CCOE • CSA FM EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea • • • Ex n Ex t XP IS NI • • • • • • • • • • NEPSI Other Metrology CPA Marine Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) SIL SIL 1/2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 47 MAGNETIC LEVEL INDICATORS The Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI) consists of a sealed bypass cage, a float containing a magnet and a visual indicator rail with bi-coloured flags that individually contain a magnet. The indicator rail is external mount on the cage and its flags are magnetically coupled/aligned with the magnet of the float. As the level changes, the float will follow and its magnet will attract the magnets in the flags. This will cause the flags to rotate showing their opposite coloured side. The same electro-magnetic coupling will activate/deactivate switches or change the output of an externally clamped-on magnetostrictive transmitter. Stainless Flux Liquid Float steel chamber wall ring level Indicating magnet Float flags MAGNETIC LEVEL INDICATORS AURORA® Guided wave radar level transmitter and magnetic level indicator DESCRIPTION Aurora® combines the operation of a conventional float operated magnetic level indicator with the leading edge technology of Guided Wave Radar. The result is a true level measurement redundancy in a single 3" or 4" chamber design. Eclipse® Guided Wave Radar is a 2-wire loop powered 24 V DC liquid level transmitter utilising Time Domain Reflectometry technology (TDR) to perform level measurement independent from media characteristics and process conditions. AURORA is a completely self-contained unit for side mounting to a tank or vessel with threaded or flanged pipe connections. FEATURES Complete redundant system whereby the measuring results of ECLIPSE can be continuously checked against the level indication of the Magnetic Level Indicator. Pro-active maintenance can be planned ahead of time based upon the comparison of the measuring results of the two systems. No calibration required on either measuring system. 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. HART®, AMS®, Foundation Fieldbus™ and PACTware™ communication protocol. Up to 5,7 m (224") measuring range. Up to 103 bar (1500 psi) – optional up to 310 bar (4500 psi). Up to +450 °C (+850 °F) process temperature for non-condensing applications (depending rail material). Up to 155 bar @ +345 °C (2250 psi @ +650 °F) for saturated steam applications. Suited for SIL 1 and SIL 2 loops (full FMEDA report available for ECLIPSE transmitter) – optional SIL 2/3. ECLIPSE 705 transmitter SIL 3 certified (EXIDA certificate available). Several cage designs are available, consult factory for more details. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Clean liquids; hydrocarbons to water-based media (dielectric 1.4-100). INTERFACE: Consult factory. VESSELS: Most process or storage vessels up to rated probe temperature and pressure. CONDITIONS: All level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapours, foam, surface agitation, bubbling or boiling, high fill/empty rates, low level and varying dielectric media. AGENCY APPROVALS (for ECLIPSE 705 GWR) ATEX Ex d Ex ia Ex n Ex t • • • • • CCOE CSA FM EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea • • • • XP IS NI • • • • • • • • • • NEPSI Other Metrology CPA Marine SIL Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) SIL 1/2 (1oo1) Lloyds EN 12952-11 (water tube boilers) Steam Drum Lloyds EN 12953-9 (shell boilers) TÜV WHG § 63, overfill prevention Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 49 MAGNETIC LEVEL INDICATORS VECTOR™ Magnetic level indicators DESCRIPTION Vector™ is a rugged, reliable and cost-effective Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI). Suitable for a variety of installations, VECTOR has many basic features and is precision-engineered and manufactured to ensure a long service life. MLIs are widely used to replace high-maintenance sight and gauge class indicators and are increasingly used in new applications. Optional switches and transmitters are available to provide various output signals for level control. FEATURES Rugged, industrial grade construction. Rail can be rotated to obtain better viewing position. Immediate and accurate response to level changes. Max process pressure of the float 85 bar (1230 psi). Max process temp. +260 °C (+500 °F). Min process temp. -40 °C (-40 °F). Measuring range up to 5,5 m (18 ft). Standard S.G. range from 0,54 - 1,50 kg/dm3. Floats are not vented nor gas filled. Options: - scale in cm or tailor made - reed type bi-stable switches - reed chain transmitter with 4-20 mA output. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Clean liquids. VESSELS: Most process and storage tanks up to rated operating pressure and process temperature. FUNCTION: Continuous liquid level or liquid-liquid interface indication. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d ATEX EAC (GOST) 50 ® Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP IS NI Other Ex c Ex c MAGNETIC LEVEL INDICATORS ATLAS™ Magnetic Level Indicator DESCRIPTION Atlas™ is our standard high-performance magnetic level indicator. ATLAS is a single chamber design with either a 2”, 2 1⁄2”, or 3” chamber diameter, as required by the application. There are twelve basic configuration styles including top mount models. ATLAS MLIs are produced in a wide range of materials, including exotic alloys and plastics. We also offer the most complete selection of process connection types and sizes in the industry. ATLAS can be equipped with a variety of level transmitters and switches as well as flag and shuttle indicators with or without stainless steel scales. This enables ATLAS to be a complete level and monitoring control. ATLAS may be equipped with the external mount Jupiter®, magnetostrictive transmitter, or with an Eclipse® Guided Wave radar in an enlarged cage. FEATURES Precision manufactured float with multiple magnets and flux ring for an optimum Gauss rating. Viewing window made of shatter-resistant polycarbonate. Viewing window filled with dry nitrogen gas to eliminate condensation and allow for maintained visibility. Double O-ring seal prevents contaminants from entering the viewing window. Flags are designed with mechanical stop for stable indication of fast varying level changes. Shuttle followers for level and interface indication. Stainless steel flags in aluminium or stainless steel (optional) indication rail. 1/2" NPT vent and drain (other options available). Max hydrotest pressure of the float: 62 bar (900 psi) - higher pressure (up to 310 bar (4500 psi)) on request. Min operating process temperature: -50 °C (-60 °F) standard, down to -196 °C (-320 °F) on request. Max operating process temperature up to + 540 °C (up to +1000 °F) with factory supplied insulation. S.G. range as low as 0,49 kg/dm3 (lower S.G. on request). Bottom and top spring protection of the float avoids float damage during transport, maintenance and surging/ flashing conditions. Options: - high and low temperature options - stainless steel scale for level or volume - JUPITER magnetostrictive transmitter. Several cage designs are available, consult factory for more details. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Clean liquids with a S.G. ≥ 0,49 kg/dm3 incl. aggressive, toxic and flammable liquids / liquified gases. VESSELS: Most process and storage tanks up to rated operating pressure and process temperature. FUNCTION: Continuous liquid level or liquid-liquid interface indication. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia Ex n ATEX EAC (GOST) Marine Ex t XP IS NI Other Ex c Ex c Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) ® 51 MAGNETIC LEVEL INDICATORS GEMINI™ Magnetic Level Indicator DESCRIPTION This twin chamber design is unique to the Magnetic level gauge industry. Countless unique configuration styles are available with Gemini™. It can be produced in the same metal material selections as Atlas™. The second chamber facilitates the installation of any of a wide selection of transmitters to provide continuous level monitoring in addition to the indication provided by the primary chamber. Eclipse® guided wave radar or direct insertion Jupiter® magnetostrictive level transmitters can be mounted in the secondary chamber to provide totally redundant indication with continuous level output. The primary chamber, which houses the float, can be fitted with clamp-on switches or transmitters for additional level control. FEATURES Precision manufactured float with multiple magnets and flux ring for an optimum Gauss rating. Viewing window made of shatter-resistant polycarbonate. Viewing window filled with dry nitrogen gas to eliminate condensation and allow for maintained visibility. Double O-ring seal prevents contaminants from entering the viewing window. Flags are designed with mechanical stop for stable indication of fast varying level changes. Shuttle followers for level and interface indication. Stainless steel flags in aluminium or stainless steel (optional) indication rail. 1/2" NPT vent and drain. Max hydrotest pressure of the float: 62 bar (900 psi) - higher pressure (up to 310 bar (4500 psi)) on request. Min operating process temperature: -50 °C (-60 °F) standard, down to -196 °C (-320 °F) on request. Max operating process temperature up to + 540 °C (up to +1000 °F) with factory supplied insulation. S.G. range as low as 0, 49 kg/dm3 (lower S.G. on request). Bottom and top spring protection of the float avoids float damage during transport, maintenance and surging/ flashing conditions. Options: - Eclipse® guided wave radar transmitter. - Jupiter® magnetostrictive transmitter. - E3 Modulevel® displacer transmitter. - Kotron® RF capacitance transmitter. - Valves for isolation. - Display options: level, volume, or percent. Custom scale and dual scale options available. - High and low temperature options. Several cage designs are available, consult factory for more details. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Clean liquids with a S.G. ≥ 0,49 kg/dm3 incl. aggressive, toxic and flammable liquids / liquified gases. VESSELS: Most process and storage tanks up to rated operating pressure and process temperature. FUNCTION: Continuous liquid level or liquid-liquid interface indication. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d EAC (GOST) 52 ® Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP IS NI Other Ex c MAGNETIC LEVEL INDICATORS OPTIX™ LED visual Indicator DESCRIPTION The new Optix™ LED indicator is engineered to provide local illuminated visual indication. This two-wire device can be installed on any Magnetic Level Indicator, greatly enhancing low-light performance. OPTIX can be powered using a separate, dedicated 24 V DC power source, or as part of an existing two-wire 4-20 mA loop without interfering with the analog output of an existing device. A DC-powered solution eliminates the need for costly copper wiring normally required with competing AC-powered LED-based products. FEATURES Scales available: meter/cm, feet/inches, percent, and custom volumetric. Construction: anodized aluminum enclosure. Est. LED Lifespan: 100.000 hours. ® 53 DISPLACER TRANSMITTER The buoyancy force works on the displacer which will vertically move in (increasing liquid level) and out (decreasing liquid level) the linear differential transformer (LVDT). Due to this movement voltages are induced in the secondary windings of the LVDT. These signals are then processed in the electronic circuitry and used to control the output signal. LVDT Moving LVDT Core Electronics incl. digital display 3-button Enclosing Range Spring tube spring protection cap Displacer External e3modulevel.magnetrol.com FE T Y I NT SA cage / key pad EGRITY V EL LE DISPLACER TRANSMITTER E3 MODULEVEL® Displacer operated level transmitter DESCRIPTION E3 Modulevel® is a 2-wire, loop-powered level transmitters utilising the buoyancy principle to detect and convert liquid level changes into a stable output signal. The linkage between the level sensing element and output electronics greatly simplifies mechanical design and construction. The in-line vertical design of the transmitter reduces instrument weight and the effects of process vibration on electronic circuitry components while simplifying installation. FEATURES Operation functions include: - interface measurement and detection - continuous level measurement - density measurement. 2-line x 8 characters display LCD and 3-button keypad. Easy bench configuration. No need for level simulation. 2-wire loop powered intrinsically safe level transmitter. 360° rotatable housing can be dismantled without depressurising the vessel. Special options, materials and custom engineered features. Suited for SIL 1 and SIL 2 loops. SFF of 92,3 % (full FMEDA report available). Several cage designs are available, consult factory for more details. APPLICATIONS MEDIA: Liquids with a S.G. as low as 0,23 and up to 2,2 kg/dm3 and interfaces with a minimum density difference of 0,10 kg/dm3. VESSELS: Most process vessels up to +450 °C (+850 °F) for non-condensing and +425 °C (+800 °F) for condensing process temperature and pressures up to 355 bar (5150 psi) or storage vessels e.g: - feedwater heaters - condensate drip pots - scrubbers - separators - receivers - flash tanks - knock-out drums - boilers. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • • CCOE • CSA FM EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea • • • Ex n Ex t XP IS NI • • • • • • • • • • NEPSI Other Metrology CPA Marine Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 55 DISPLACER TRANSMITTER PNEUMATIC MODULEVEL® Liquid level control DESCRIPTION Pneumatic Modulevel® controls are displacement actuated level sensors. They provide output signals in direct proportion to changes in liquid level. Simple, modular design and proven magnetic coupling make MODULEVEL controls versatile, highly stable, vibration resistant and adaptable to extremes of temperature and pressure. FEATURES Standard models handle service temperatures from -100 °C to +370 °C (-150 °F to +700 °F) and pressure to 294 bar (4265 psi). Stable output signal is unaffected by surface turbulence. Prevents control valve "hunting" and extends valve life. Controller head may be removed and bench calibrated without dismantling or even depressurising the tank. Accurate output signal provided over a wide specific gravity range. 316 SS displacer and trim. Easy field calibration without moving tank liquid level, reducing installation time and cost. Controller head rotates 360°, simplifies pneumatic piping hookup. Pilot relay provides a 4 to 1 amplification of pilot pressure signal to speed valve response. Built-in visual level indicator is independent of air supply. Optional pneumatic to current interface transducer for use in electronic control applications. Optional proportional plus integral control. Optional differential gap (on-off) control. Optional Hi-Lo electronic alarm signal provides inexpensive backup alarm. APPLICATIONS Pneumatic MODULEVEL liquid level controls are widely used in utility power generation, chemical and petroleum processing operations, such as: - steam generator feedwater heater regulation - fractionating column level transmitter - ethanolamine level transmitter - vent gas scrubber level control - drip pot condensate level control - flash tank level transmitter. 56 ® EXTERNAL CAGES FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES EXTERNAL CAGES for electronic devices Several devices such as Eclipse®, Modulevel®,… are mounted in (custom designed) external cages. Depending on process connection, process condition, customer specification,… several possibilities are possible. Below are some typical examples. Many other designs are possible, consult the factory for more details. ® 57 BUOYANCY A permanent magnet is attached to a pivoted switch actuator. As the float/displacer rises following the liquid level, it raises the attraction sleeve into the field of the magnet, which then snaps against the non-magnetic enclosing tube, actuating the switch. The enclosing tube provides a static pressure boundary between the switch mechanism and the process. On a falling level, the float/displacer deactivates the switch. Switch Enclosing tube Attraction sleeve Pivot Return spring Magnet Float FE T Y I NT SA EGRITY V EL LE BUOYANCY T20 - T21 Liquid float level switch DESCRIPTION T20 and T21 units are user friendly, reliable float switches designed for top mounting to tanks or vessels. T20 units utilise a single switch mechanism and float. T21 units utilise two switch mechanisms and two separate floats when widely spaced actuating levels are required. T20 and T21 models are available for any type of open or closed vessel with either threaded or flanged type mounting and actuating depths up to 1219 mm (48 inches). FEATURES Carbon or stainless steel process connection materials (other materials available on request). Flanged and threaded process connections. Process temperature up to +400 °C (+750 °F). Up to 2 switch levels (T21). S.G. as low as 0,60 kg/dm3. Process pressure up to 41,3 bar (600 psi). Standard anti-corrosive protection. Optional: - NACE construction (MR-01-75) - interface calibration - special actuating levels - special tank connections - extreme temperature modifications - class 1, Group B explosion proof electrical enclosure - special exterior surface preparation and finish. Suited for SIL 2 loops (DPDT switch) (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Day tanks. Condensate receivers. Fuel storage tanks. Cooling towers. Flash tanks. Interface. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • • CCOE • Ex n Ex t XP CSA • FM • EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea NEPSI • • IS NI Other • • • • Marine Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 59 BUOYANCY A10/15 - B10/15 - C10/15 Liquid displacer level switch DESCRIPTION Magnetrol® displacement type level switches offer the industrial user a wide choice of alarm and control configurations. Each unit utilises a simple buoyancy principle and is well suited for simple or complex applications, such as foaming or surging liquids or agitated fluids, and usually costs less than other types of level switches. FEATURES Narrow or wide level ranges achieved through multiple switch mechanism capability. Maximum process temperature: +260 °C (500 °F). Maximum process pressure: 55,1 bar (800 psi). S.G. as low as 0.4 kg/dm3. Displacers adjustable at any point along the suspension cable. Anti-surge design eliminates the possibility of switch short cycling. Standard 3 m (10 ft) of suspension cable, included for all models. Field adjustable set point and switch differential. Wide choice of displacer materials. Wide choice of housings and switch mechanisms Standard anti-corrosive protection. Optional: - NACE construction (MR-01-75) - proof-er® ground check - floating roof models - high pressure models - models for interface. Suited for SIL 2 loops (DPDT switch) (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Foaming or surging liquids – Paints – Agitated fluids – Varnishes – Sewage handling – Heavy oils – Dirty liquids – Liquids with solids AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • • CCOE • Ex n Ex t XP CSA • FM • EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea NEPSI • • IS • • • • Marine Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 60 ® NI Other BUOYANCY TUFFY® T3 Side mounting level control DESCRIPTION Tuffy® liquid level switches are float actuated devices designed for horizontal mounting in a tank or vessel through threaded or flanged pipe connections. The compact size allows for installation in small vessels, while its many features provide a variety of application uses. The single switch mechanism is available in SPDT or DPDT forms on units designed for adjustable, narrow or wide differential and interface service. FEATURES Maximum process temperature: +400 °C (+750 °F). Minimum process temperature: -55 °C (-65 °F). Maximum process pressure: 181 bar (2630 psi). S.G. as low as 0.4 kg/dm3. Wetted parts in 316/316L (1.4401/1.4404) or Hastelloy C (2.4819). Available as: - flanged - threaded - flanged or sealed cage mounted. Suited for SIL 2 loops (DPDT switch) (full FMEDA report available). MODELS Narrow differential switch (for alarm functions): - standard pressure (up to 50 bar (720 psi)) - high pressure (up to 150 bar (2160 psi)). Wide adjustable differential switch (for control functions). Interface switch (detection of interface level between liquids). External cages. Compact versions: - pneumatic narrow differential switch - electric narrow differential switch. APPLICATIONS Sour service (NACE). High/low alarm. Single pump control. Day storage tanks. Corrosive processes. Process vessels. Boiler low water cut-off. Interface level. Installations in hazardous area. AGENCY APPROVALS ATEX Ex d Ex ia • • Ex n Ex t XP CSA • FM • EAC (GOST) IEC NEPSI • • • IS NI Other • • SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 61 BUOYANCY T62 - T64 - T67 Side mounting liquid float level switch DESCRIPTION Side mounting controls mount horizontally to any tank or vessel through a threaded or flanged pipe connection. Standard models are normally equipped with a single switch mechanism for high or low level alarm or control applications. Tandem models with two switch mechanisms are available for two level stage applications, providing the operating functions of two separate instruments such as high and low level alarm. FEATURES Carbon or stainless steel body materials (other materials available on request). Flanged and threaded process connections. Process temperature up to +400 °C (+750 °F). Up to 2 switch levels (T67). S.G. as low as 0,40 kg/dm3. Process pressure up to 82,7 bar (1200 psi). Field adjustable level differentials from 32 mm (1.25") up to 409 mm (16.12"). Standard anti-corrosive protection. Optional: - NACE construction (MR-01-75) - interface calibration - special actuating levels - code compliance construction - special tank connections - extreme temperature modifications - Class 1, Group B explosion proof electrical enclosure - special exterior surface preparation and finish. APPLICATIONS Foaming or surging liquids. Varnishes. Sewage handling. Heavy oils. Paints. Liquids with solids. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • • CCOE • Ex n Ex t XP CSA • FM • EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea NEPSI • • IS • • • • Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 62 ® NI Other BUOYANCY B40 High pressure / high temperature liquid float level switch DESCRIPTION B40 liquid level switch is specifically designed and constructed for high pressure, high temperature service conditions. These type level switches are completely self-contained units designed for side mounting to a tank or vessel with welded or flanged pipe connections. FEATURES Cr Mo (Chrome - molybdenum), carbon steel or stainless steel welded float cages. Process temperature up to +540 °C (+1000 °F). Single switch level. S.G. as low as 0,65 kg/dm3. Process pressure up to 207 bar @ +370 °C (3000 psi @ +700 °F). Standard anti-corrosive protection. Optional: - special tank connections - extreme temperature modifications - Class 1, Group B explosion proof electrical enclosure. Suited for SIL 2 loops (DPDT switch) (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Accumulators. Flash tanks. Receivers. Knock-out drums. Flare pots. Storage tanks. Scrubbers. Separators. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d ATEX • CCOE • Ex ia Ex n Ex t XP CSA • FM • EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea NEPSI • • IS NI Other • • • • SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 63 BUOYANCY EXTERNAL CAGE Liquid float / displacer level switch DESCRIPTION External cage type level switches are completely self-contained units designed for side mounting to a tank or vessel with threaded or flanged pipe connections. These switches are engineered to customer specifications. FEATURES Carbon or stainless steel welded float cages (other materials available on request). Process temperature up to +400 °C (+750 °F). Up to 3 switch levels. Standard anti-corrosive protection. Sealed/Flanged cages: - S.G. as low as 0,34 kg/dm3 - process pressure up to 138 bar (2000 psi) for floats - process pressure up to 345 bar (5000 psi) for displacers. Optional: - NACE construction (MR-01-75) - interface calibration - customised installation dimensions - special actuating levels - code compliance construction - special tank connections - extreme temperature modifications - Class 1, Group B explosion proof electrical enclosure - special exterior surface preparation and finish. Suited for SIL 2 loops (DPDT switch) (full FMEDA report available). APPLICATIONS Foaming or surging liquids – Paints – Agitated fluids – Varnishes – Sewage handling – Heavy oils – Dirty liquids – Liquids with solids. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • • CCOE • Ex n Ex t XP CSA • FM • EAC (GOST) IEC Inmetro Korea NEPSI • • IS • • • • Marine Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LRS) SIL SIL 2 (1oo1) Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details 64 ® NI Other EXTERNAL CAGES FOR BUOYANCY DEVICES EXTERNAL CAGES for buoyancy devices As with our electronic products our buoyancy products can also be mounted in (custom designed) external cages. It will again depend on process connection, process condition, customer specification, … how the external cage will be designed. Below are some typical examples. Many other designs are possible, consult the factory for more details. ® 65 MECHANICAL FLOW F10 The actuating vane is magnetically linked to a pivoted electric (or pneumatic) switch, which is isolated from the process by a non-magnetic barrier tube. As the actuating vane moves with an increase in flow, it drives a magnetic sleeve into the field of a permanent magnet located outside the barrier tube which trips the switch. As flow decreases, the actuating vane returns to a vertical position, allowing the magnet and switch assembly to return to the “No Flow” position. F50 The rate of flow through the valve body raises or lowers the disc. This in turn raises or lowers the magnetic sleeve, within its sealed non-magnetic barrier tube. On an increasing flow rate, the magnetic sleeve rises into the field of the permanent magnet, located outside the barrier tube, actuating the attached switch mechanism. When the flow rate drops, below the rate for which the flow disc is calibrated, a reversal of this action occurs. F10 F50 MECHANICAL FLOW F10 - F50 Flow switch DESCRIPTION Flow switches are highly reliable devices sensing the start or stop of flow in horizontal pipelines containing oil and petroleum derivatives, chemicals, water, or air. Vane actuated model F10 switches are used on gas or liquid flow applications in 2" or larger pipe sizes. Disc actuated model F50 switches are in-line type sensing clean liquids in 2" or smaller pipe sizes. FEATURES Actuation on increasing or decreasing flow. Special sensing elements for non-standard or high flow applications. Designed for horizontal pipe applications. Standard anti-corrosive protection. Model F10: - field adjustable - low pressure drop - process temperature up to +230 °C (+450 °F) - process pressure up to 69 bar (1000 psi) - standard flow vanes for 2" thru 10" flow lines. Model F50: - no calibration required - bronze or stainless steel construction - process temperature up to +400 °C (+750 °F) - process pressure up to 79,3 bar (1150 psi) - bodies for flow lines from 3/4" to 2". APPLICATIONS Pump staging or failure. Pipeline flow detection. Valve failure. Loss of pipeline flow. Pipe blockage/rupture. Pump inlet flow protection. Check valve blockage/leakage. Alarm on eyewash or shower safety station. AGENCY APPROVALS Ex d Ex ia ATEX • • CCOE • Inmetro Korea NEPSI XP IS NI Other • FM IEC Ex t • CSA EAC (GOST) Ex n • • • • • • CPA Other approvals are available, consult factory for more details ® 67 Appendix – Technical Guide This Technical Guide is the result of a combined effort by the Engineering, Sales, and Marketing Departments. All reasonable efforts have been made to accurately compile the information contained in this guide. However, no warranty is made with regard to any such information, and Magnetrol cannot assume responsibility for any possible errors or any direct or indirect result of the use of such information. Table of Contents Conversions Metric Values................................................................................3 Metric Prefixes..............................................................................3 Temperature .................................................................................4 Flow Rate .....................................................................................5 Miscellaneous...............................................................................7 Equivalents Liquid Measures and Weights....................................................14 Kinematic Viscosity ....................................................................14 Absolute Viscosity ......................................................................15 Electrical Units............................................................................15 Degrees API and Degrees Baumé.............................................16 Kinematic and Saybolt Viscosity ................................................17 Pressure and Head ....................................................................18 Properties Density and Specific Gravity of Selected Liquids ......................19 Density and Specific Gravity of Selected Gases .......................20 Density and Specific Gravity of Saturated Water.......................21 Density of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water ...........22 Specific Gravity of Petroleum Products .....................................23 Density of Air ..............................................................................24 Speed of Sound .........................................................................24 Dielectric Constants of Liquids...................................................25 Dielectric Constants of Solids ....................................................31 Viscosity of Gases and Vapors ..................................................32 Viscosity of Water and Steam ....................................................33 Viscosity of Various Liquids........................................................33 Viscosity of Petroleum Products ................................................34 Pipe Data Dimensions of Blind Flanges......................................................35 Flange Ratings by Class ............................................................37 Plastic Flange Rating .................................................................39 ANSI Bolting Dimensions ...........................................................39 Tri-Clamp Rating ........................................................................39 Cast Iron Pipe ............................................................................40 Steel Pipe ...................................................................................41 A-1 Conversions: Metric Values The table below provides a fast and easy means of conversion from one metric notation to another. The value labeled “Unit” represents a basic unit of measurement, such as meter, gram, ohm, erg, etc. First, locate the original value in the left-hand column. Follow the row horizontally to the vertical column headed by the prefix of the desired value. The arrow and figure at this intersection represent the direction in which the decimal point should be moved and the number of places to move it. Original Value TeraGigaMegaMyriaKiloHectoDekaUnit DeciCentiMilliMicroNanoPico- Tera- 3 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 21 24 Giga3 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 18 21 Mega6 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 15 18 Myria8 5 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 13 16 Kilo9 6 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 12 15 Example: Convert 0.15 kilowatts to watts. Starting at the “Kilo-” box in the left-hand column, move horizontally to the column headed by “Unit” (since watt is a basic unit of measurement), and read 3 . Thus 0.15 kilowatts is the equivalent of 150 watts. Example: Convert 4,500 kilohertz to megahertz, read in the box horizontal to “Kilo-” and under “Mega-” the notation 3, which means a shift of the decimal point three places to the left. Thus, 4,500 kilohertz is the equivalent of 4.5 megahertz. Desired Value Hecto- Deka10 11 7 8 4 5 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 8 11 14 1 2 3 4 7 10 13 Unit 12 9 6 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 6 9 12 Deci13 10 7 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 5 8 11 Centi14 11 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 4 7 10 Milli15 12 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 6 9 Micro18 15 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 3 6 Nano21 18 15 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 3 3 Pico24 21 18 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 6 3 Conversions: Metric Prefixes atto . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . . . . . . . one-quintillionth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . femto . . . . . . . . . . . . f . . . . . . . . one-quadrillionth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pico . . . . . . . . . . . . . p . . . . . . . one-trillionth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nano . . . . . . . . . . . . n . . . . . . . one-billionth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . micro . . . . . . . . . . . . µ . . . . . . . one-millionth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . milli . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . . . . . . . one-thousandth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . centi . . . . . . . . . . . . c. . . . . . . . one-hundredth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . deci . . . . . . . . . . . . . d . . . . . . . one-tenth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . deka . . . . . . . . . . . . da . . . . . . ten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hecto . . . . . . . . . . . . h . . . . . . . one kilo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . k. . . . . . . . one mega . . . . . . . . . . . . M . . . . . . . one giga . . . . . . . . . . . . . G . . . . . . . one tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . T . . . . . . . one A-2 hundred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thousand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 000 billion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 000 000 trillion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 000 000 000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 ..............................10–18 000 000 000 001 ......................................10–15 000 000 001 ..............................................10–12 000 001.......................................................10–9 001...............................................................10–6 0.001 .......................................................................10–3 0.01 .........................................................................10–2 0.1 ...........................................................................10–1 1.0 ...........................................................................100 10.0 ...........................................................................101 100.0 ...........................................................................102 000.0 ...........................................................................103 000.0 ...........................................................................106 000.0 ...........................................................................109 000.0 ...........................................................................1012 Conversions: Temperature Locate temperature in middle column. If in degrees Celsius, read Fahrenheit equivalent in right hand column; if in degrees Fahrenheit, read Celsius equivalent in left hand column. C –459.4° to 0° F C –273.1 –268 –262 –257 –251 –459.7 –450 –440 –430 –420 –218 –212 –207 –201 –196 –360 –350 –340 –330 –320 –246 –240 –234 –229 –223 –190 –184 –179 –173 –169 –168 –162 –157 –151 –146 –140 –134 –129 –123 –118 –112 –107 –101 – 96 – 90 – – – – – – – – – – 84 79 73 68 62 57 51 46 40 34 – 29 – 23 – 17.8 F –410 –400 –390 –380 –370 C –17.2 –16.7 –16.1 –15.6 –15.0 –364 –346 –328 –310 –292 – – – – – –120 –110 –100 – 90 – 80 – – – – – 70 60 50 40 30 – 20 – 10 0 –274 –256 –238 –220 –202 –184 –166 –148 –130 –112 – – – – – – 94 76 58 40 22 4 14 32 16.1 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.3 11 12 13 14 15 51.8 53.6 55.4 57.2 59.0 21.7 22.2 22.8 23.3 23.9 3.3 2.8 2.2 1.7 1.1 –220 –210 –200 –190 –180 – – – – – 6.1 5.6 5.0 4.4 3.9 – 0.6 0.0 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.3 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 7.8 8.3 8.9 9.4 10.0 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.9 14.4 15.0 15.6 C 33.8 35.6 37.4 39.2 41.0 16 17 18 19 20 –459.7 F 1 2 3 4 5 8.9 8.3 7.8 7.2 6.7 – – – – – –170 –160 –150 –140 –130 C 6 7 8 9 10 –11.7 –11.1 –10.6 –10.0 – 9.4 –454 –436 –418 –400 –382 F –14.4 –13.9 –13.3 –12.8 –12.2 –310 –300 –290 –280 –273.1 –270 –260 –250 –240 –230 1 to 60° 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 42.8 44.6 46.4 48.2 50.0 60.8 62.6 64.4 66.2 68.0 69.8 71.6 73.4 75.2 77.0 78.8 80.6 82.4 84.2 86.0 87.8 89.6 91.4 93.2 95.0 36 37 38 39 40 96.8 98.6 100.4 102.2 104.0 46 47 48 49 50 114.8 116.6 118.4 120.2 122.0 41 42 43 44 45 51 62 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 105.8 107.6 109.4 111.2 113.0 123.8 125.6 127.4 129.2 131.0 132.8 134.6 136.4 138.2 140.0 18.9 19.4 20.0 20.6 21.1 24.4 25.0 25.6 26.1 26.7 27.2 27.8 28.3 28.9 29.4 30.0 30.6 31.1 31.7 32.2 32.8 33.3 33.9 34.4 35.0 35.6 36.1 36.7 37.2 37.8 43 49 54 60 66 71 77 82 88 92 99 100 104 110 116 121 127 132 138 143 61° to 290° F C F C 61 62 63 64 65 141.8 143.6 145.4 147.2 149.0 149 154 160 166 171 71 72 73 74 75 159.8 161.6 163.4 165.2 167.0 204 210 216 221 227 66 67 68 69 70 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 212 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 150.8 152.6 154.4 156.2 158.0 168.8 170.6 172.4 174.2 176.0 177.8 179.6 181.4 183.2 185.0 186.8 188.6 190.4 192.2 194.0 195.8 197.6 199.4 201.2 203.0 204.8 206.6 208.4 210.2 212.0 230 248 266 284 302 320 338 356 374 392 410 413.6 428 446 464 482 500 518 536 554 177 182 188 193 199 232 238 243 249 254 260 266 271 277 282 288 293 299 304 310 316 321 327 332 338 343 349 354 360 366 371 377 382 388 393 399 404 410 416 421 427 432 438 443 449 454 460 466 471 477 300° to 890° F C 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 F C 662 680 698 716 734 510 516 521 527 532 572 590 608 626 644 752 770 788 806 824 842 860 878 896 914 500 510 520 530 540 932 940 968 986 1004 600 610 620 630 640 1112 1130 1148 1166 1184 550 560 570 580 590 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900° to 3000° 1022 1040 1058 1076 1094 1202 1220 1238 1256 1274 1292 1310 1328 1346 1364 1382 1400 1418 1436 1454 1472 1490 1508 1526 1544 1562 1580 1598 1616 1634 482 488 493 499 504 F C F 900 910 920 930 940 1652 1670 1688 1706 1724 538 549 560 571 582 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1832 1868 1904 1940 1976 649 660 671 682 693 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 843 871 899 927 954 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 593 604 616 627 638 704 732 760 788 816 982 1010 1038 1066 1093 1121 1149 1177 1204 1232 1260 1288 1316 1343 1371 1399 1427 1454 1482 1510 1538 1566 1593 1621 1649 950 960 970 980 990 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 1742 1760 1778 1796 1814 2012 2048 2084 2120 2156 2192 2228 2264 2300 2336 2372 2462 2552 2642 2732 2822 2912 3002 3092 3182 3272 3362 3452 3542 3632 3722 3812 3902 3992 4082 4172 4262 4352 4442 4532 4622 4712 4802 4892 4982 5072 5162 5252 5342 5432 A-3 Conversions: Flow Rate Velocity in Feet per Second. Find the volume flow rate (gallons per minute) in the left hand column, read the velocity flow rate (feet per second) for a specific line size in the right hand column. (Based on Schedule 40 pipe.) GPM 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.25 0.50 0.75 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,500 A-4 Line Size 1” 0.011 0.019 0.037 0.093 0.186 0.279 0.371 0.743 1.114 1.485 1.857 2.228 2.971 3.713 5.570 7.427 9.283 Line Size 1 1/4” 0.011 0.021 0.054 0.107 0.161 0.214 0.428 0.643 0.857 1.071 1.285 1.714 2.142 3.213 4.285 5.356 6.427 7.498 8.569 9.640 10.712 Line Size 1 1/2” 0.008 0.016 0.039 0.079 0.118 0.158 0.315 0.473 0.630 0.788 0.945 1.261 1.576 2.364 3.151 3.939 4.727 5.515 6.303 7.091 7.878 9.454 11.030 Line Size 2” 0.010 0.024 0.048 0.072 0.095 0.191 0.286 0.382 0.477 0.573 0.764 0.955 1.432 1.910 2.387 2.865 3.342 3.820 4.297 4.775 5.730 6.685 7.640 9.550 Line Size 2 1/2” 0.007 0.017 0.034 .0050 0.067 0.134 0.201 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.537 0.671 1.006 1.341 1.677 2.012 2.347 2.683 3.018 3.353 4.024 4.695 5.365 6.707 8.384 10.060 11.737 Line Size 3” 0.011 0.022 0.033 0.043 0.087 0.130 0.174 0.217 0.261 0.347 0.434 0.651 0.869 1.086 1.303 1.520 1.737 1.954 2.172 2.606 3.040 3.474 4.343 5.429 6.515 7.600 8.686 9.772 10.858 11.944 Line Size 4” 0.013 0.019 0.025 0.050 0.076 0.101 0.126 0.151 0.202 0.252 0.378 0.504 0.630 0.756 0.882 1.008 1.134 1.260 1.512 1.764 2.016 2.520 3.150 3.781 4.411 5.041 5.671 6.301 6.931 7.561 8.191 8.821 9.451 10.081 10.712 Line Size 5” 0.012 0.016 0.032 0.048 0.064 0.080 0.096 0.128 0.160 0.240 0.321 0.401 0.481 0.561 0.641 0.721 0.801 0.962 1.122 1.282 1.603 2.004 2.404 2.805 3.206 3.606 4.007 4.408 4.809 5.209 5.610 6.011 6.412 6.812 7.213 7.614 8.014 8.816 9.617 10.419 Line Size 6” 0.011 0.022 0.033 0.044 0.056 0.067 0.089 0.111 0.167 0.222 0.278 0.333 0.389 0.444 0.500 0.555 0.666 0.777 0.889 1.111 1.388 1.666 1.944 2.221 2.499 2.777 3.054 3.332 3.610 3.887 4.165 4.443 4.720 4.998 5.276 5.553 6.109 6.664 7.219 7.775 8.330 8.885 9.441 9.996 10.551 Line Size 8” 0.013 0.019 0.026 0.032 0.038 0.051 0.064 0.096 0.128 0.160 0.192 0.224 0.257 0.289 0.321 0.385 0.449 0.513 0.641 0.802 0.962 1.122 1.283 1.443 1.603 1.764 1.924 2.084 2.245 2.405 2.565 2.726 2.886 3.046 3.207 3.527 3.848 4.169 4.489 4.810 5.131 5.451 5.772 6.093 6.413 7.055 7.696 8.337 8.979 9.620 10.261 Line Size 10” 0.012 0.016 0.020 0.024 0.033 0.041 0.061 0.081 0.102 .0122 0.142 0.163 0.183 0.203 0.244 0.285 0.326 0.407 0.509 0.610 0.712 0.814 0.916 1.017 1.119 1.221 1.323 1.424 1.526 1.628 1.730 1.831 1.933 2.035 2.238 2.442 2.645 2.849 3.052 3.256 3.459 3.662 3.866 4.069 4.476 4.883 5.290 5.697 6.104 6.511 7.325 8.139 10.174 Conversions: Flow Rate (cont.) Velocity in Meters per Second Find the volume flow rate (cubic meters per hour) in the left hand column, read the velocity flow rate (meters per second) for a specific line size in the right hand column. (Based on Schedule 40 pipe.) m /hr 3 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.50 0.75 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Line Size 1” 0.010 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.149 0.174 0.199 0.249 0.374 0.498 0.747 0.997 1.246 1.495 1.744 1.993 2.242 2.492 2.741 Line Size 1 1/4” 0.014 0.029 0.043 0.057 0.072 0.086 0.101 0.115 0.144 0.216 0.287 0.431 0.575 0.719 0.862 1.006 1.150 1.294 1.437 1.581 1.725 2.012 2.300 2.875 Line Size 1 1/2” 0.011 0.021 0.032 0.042 0.053 0.063 0.074 0.085 0.106 0.159 0.211 0.317 0.423 0.529 0.634 0.740 0.846 0.952 1.057 1.163 1.269 1.480 1.692 2.114 2.537 Line Size 2” 0.013 0.019 0.026 0.032 0.038 0.045 0.051 0.064 0.096 0.128 0.192 0.256 0.320 0.384 0.449 0.513 0.577 0.641 0.705 0.769 0.897 1.025 1.282 1.538 1.794 2.050 2.307 2.563 2.819 Line Size 2 1/2” 0.009 0.014 0.018 0.023 0.027 0.032 0.036 0.045 0.068 0.090 0.135 0.180 0.225 0.270 0.315 0.360 0.405 0.450 0.495 0.540 0.630 0.720 0.900 1.080 1.250 1.440 1.620 1.800 1.980 2.160 2.340 2.520 2.700 2.880 3.060 Line Size 3” 0.009 0.012 0.015 0.017 0.020 0.023 0.029 0.044 0.058 0.087 0.117 0.146 0.175 0.204 0.233 0.262 0.291 0.321 0.350 0.048 0.466 0.583 0.699 0.815 0.933 1.049 1.166 1.282 1.399 1.515 1.632 1.748 1.865 1.982 2.098 2.215 2.331 2.623 2.914 3.205 Line Size 4” 0.007 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.017 0.025 0.034 0.051 0.068 0.085 0.101 0.118 0.135 0.152 0.169 0.186 0.203 0.237 0.271 0.338 0.406 0.474 0.541 0.609 0.676 0.744 0.812 0.879 0.947 1.015 1.082 1.150 1.218 1.285 1.353 1.522 1.691 1.860 2.029 2.198 2.368 2.537 2.706 3.044 Line Size 5” 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.011 0.016 0.022 0.032 0.043 0.054 0.065 0.075 0.086 0.097 0.108 0.118 0.129 0.151 0.172 0.215 0.258 0.301 0.344 0.387 0.430 0.473 0.516 0.559 0.602 0.645 0.688 0.731 0.774 0.817 0.860 0.968 1.075 1.183 1.291 1.398 1.506 1.613 1.721 1.936 2.151 2.581 3.011 Line Size 6” 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.011 0.015 0.022 0.030 0.037 0.045 0.052 0.060 0.067 0.075 0.082 0.089 0.104 0.119 0.149 0.179 0.209 0.238 0.268 0.298 0.328 0.358 0.388 0.417 0.447 0.477 0.507 0.537 0.566 0.596 0.671 0.745 0.820 0.894 0.969 1.043 1.118 1.192 1.341 1.490 1.789 2.087 2.385 2.683 Line Size 8” 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.009 0.013 0.017 0.022 0.026 0.030 0.034 0.039 0.043 0.047 0.052 0.060 0.069 0.086 0.103 0.120 0.138 0.155 0.172 0.189 0.207 0.224 0.241 0.258 0.275 0.293 0.310 0.327 0.344 0.387 0.430 0.473 0.516 0.559 0.602 0.645 0.689 0.775 0.861 1.033 1.205 1.377 1.549 1.721 2.152 2.582 3.012 Line Size 10” 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.011 0.014 0.016 0.019 0.022 0.025 0.027 0.030 0.033 0.038 0.044 0.055 0.066 0.076 0.087 0.098 0.109 0.120 0.131 0.142 0.153 0.164 0.175 0.186 0.197 0.208 0.218 0.246 0.273 0.300 0.328 0.355 0.382 0.410 0.437 0.491 0.546 0.655 0.765 0.874 0.983 1.092 1.365 1.638 1.911 2.184 2.457 2.730 A-5 Conversions: Miscellaneous TO CONVERT INTO A MULTIPLY BY acres “ “ “ acre-feet “ amperes/sq. cm. “ amperes/sq. in. “ amperes/sq. meter “ ampere-hours “ ampere-turns ampere-turns/cm. “ “ ampere-turns/in. “ “ ampere-turns/meter “ “ ares “ atmospheres “ “ “ “ “ “ sq. feet 43,560.0 sq. meters 4,047.0 sq. miles 1.562 x 10-3 sq. yards 4,840.0 cu. feet 43,560.0 gallons 3.259 x 105 amps./sq. in. 6.452 amps/sq. meter 104 amps/sq. cm. 0.1550 amps/sq. meter 1,550.0 amps/sq. cm. 10 4 amps/sq. in. 6.452 x 10-4 coulombs 3,600.0 faradays 0.03731 gilberts 1.257 amp-turns/in. 2.540 amp-turns/meter 100.0 gilberts/cm. 1.257 amp-turns/cm. 0.3937 amp-turns/meter 39.37 gilberts/cm. 0.4950 amp-turns/cm. 0.01 amp-turns/in. 0.0254 gilberts/cm. 0.01257 acres 0.02471 sq. meters 100.0 cms. of mercury 76.0 ft. of water (at 4°C) 33.90 in. of mercury (at 0°C) 29.92 kgs./sq. cm. 1.0333 kgs./sq. meter 10,332.0 pounds/sq. in. 14.70 tons/sq. ft. 1.058 barrels (oil) bars “ “ “ “ Btu “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Btu/hr. “ “ “ Btu/min. “ “ “ gallons (oil) atmospheres dynes/sq. cm. kgs./sq. meter pounds/sq. ft. pounds/sq. in. ergs foot-lbs. gram-calories horsepower-hrs. joules kilogram-calories kilogram-meters kilowatt-hrs. foot-pounds/sec. gram-cal./sec. horsepower-hrs. watts foot-lbs./sec. horsepower kilowatts watts Btu/sq. ft./min. bushels “ “ “ “ “ “ A-6 - B watts/sq. in. cu. ft. cu. in. cu. meters liters pecks pints (dry) quarts (dry) 42.0 0.9869 1 1.020 x 104 2,089.0 14.50 1.0550 x 1010 778.3 252.0 3.931 x 10-4 1,054.8 0.2520 107.5 2.928 x 10-4 0.2162 0.0700 3.929 x 10-4 0.2931 12.96 0.02356 0.01757 17.57 0.1221 1.2445 2,150.4 0.03524 35.24 4.0 64.0 32.0 TO CONVERT INTO C centares (centiares) sq. meters Centigrade Fahrenheit centigrams grams centiliters liters centimeters feet “ inches “ kilometers “ meters “ miles “ millimeters “ mils “ yards centimeter-dynes cm.-grams “ meter-kgs. “ pound-feet centimeter-grams cm.-dynes “ meter-kgs. “ pound-feet centimeters of mercury atmospheres “ feet of water “ kgs./sq. meter “ pounds/sq. ft. “ pounds/sq. in. centimeters/sec. feet/min. “ feet/sec. “ kilometers/hr. “ knots “ meters/min. “ miles/hr. “ miles/min. centimeters/sec./sec. feet/sec./sec. “ kms./hr./sec. “ meters/sec./sec. “ miles/hr./sec. circular mils sq. cms. “ sq. mils “ sq. inches coulombs faradays coulombs/sq. cm. coulombs/sq. in. “ coulombs/sq. meter coulombs/sq. in. coulombs/sq. cm. “ coulombs/sq. meter coulombs/sq. meter coulombs/sq. cm. “ coulombs/sq. in. cubic centimeters cu. feet “ cu. inches “ cu. meters “ cu. yards “ gallons (U.S. liq.) “ liters “ pints (U.S. liq.) “ quarts (U.S. liq.) cubic feet bushels (dry) “ cu. cms. “ cu. inches “ cu. meters “ cu. yards “ gallons (U.S. liq.) “ liters “ pints (U.S. liq.) “ quarts (U.S. liq.) cubic feet/min. cu. cms./sec. “ gallons/sec. “ liters/sec. “ pounds of water/min. MULTIPLY BY 1.0 (C° x 9/5) + 32 0.01 0.01 3.281 x 10-2 0.3937 10-5 0.01 6.214 x 10-6 10.0 393.7 1.094 x 10-2 1.020 x 10-3 1.020 x 10-8 7.376 x 10-8 980.7 10-5 7.233 x 10-5 0.01310 0.4401 136.0 27.85 0.1934 1.1969 0.03281 0.036 0.1943 0.6 0.02237 3.728 x 10-4 0.03281 0.036 0.01 0.02237 5.067 x 10-6 0.7854 7.854 x 10-7 1.036 x 10-5 64.52 104 0.1550 1,550.0 10-4 6.452 x 10-4 3.531 x 10-5 0.06102 10-6 1.308 x 10-6 2.642 x 10-4 0.001 2.113 x 10-3 1.057 x 10-3 0.8036 28,320.0 1,728.0 0.02832 0.03704 7.48052 28.32 59.84 29.92 472.0 0.1247 0.4720 62.43 Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.) TO CONVERT cubic “ cubic “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ cubic “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ cubic “ “ “ “ “ “ “ cubic “ “ feet/sec. inches meters yards yards/min. INTO C (cont.) million gals./day gallons/min. cu. cms. cu. feet cu. meters cu. yards gallons (U.S. liq.) liters mil.-ft. pints (U.S. liq.) quarts (U.S. liq.) bushels (dry) cu. cms. cu. feet cu. inches cu. yards gallons (U.S. liq.) liters pints (U.S. liq.) quarts (U.S. liq.) cu. cms. cu. feet cu. inches cu. meters gallons (U.S. liq.) liters pints (U.S. liq.) quarts (U.S. liq.) cubic ft./sec. gallons/sec. liters/sec. D MULTIPLY BY 0.646317 448.831 16.39 5.787 x 10-4 1.639 x 10-5 2.143 x 10-5 4.329 x 10-3 0.01639 1.061 x 105 0.03463 0.01732 28.38 106 35.31 61,023.0 1.308 264.2 103 2,113.0 1,057.0 7.646 x 105 27.0 46,656.0 0.7646 202.0 764.6 1,615.9 807.9 0.45 3.367 12.74 days “ “ decigrams deciliters decimeters degrees (angle) “ “ “ degrees/sec. “ “ dekagrams dekaliters dekameters drams “ “ dynes “ “ “ “ “ dynes/sq. cm. dynes/sq. meters hours 24.0 minutes 1,440.0 seconds 86,400.0 grams 0.1 liters 0.1 meters 0.1 minutes 60.0 quadrants 0.01111 radians 0.01745 seconds 3,600.0 radians/sec. 0.01745 revolutions/min. 0.1667 revolutions/sec. 2.778 x 10-3 grams 10.0 liters 10.0 meters 10.0 grams 1.7718 grains 27.3437 ounces 0.0625 grams 1.020 x 10-3 joules/cm. 107 joules/meter (newtons) 10-5 kilograms 1.020 x 10-6 poundals 7.233 x 10-5 pounds 2.248 x 10-6 bars 1 bars 10-4 ergs “ “ “ Btu dyne-centimeters foot-pounds gram-calories E 9.480 x 10-11 1.0 7.378 x 10-8 2.389 x 10-8 TO CONVERT INTO E (cont.) MULTIPLY BY ergs (continued) “ “ “ “ “ “ ergs/sec. “ “ “ “ “ gram-cms. horsepower-hrs. joules kg.-calories kg.-meters kilowatt-hrs. watt-hours Btu/min. ft.-lbs./min. ft.-lbs./sec. horsepower kg.-calories/min. kilowatts 1.020 x 10-3 3.7250 x 10-14 10-7 2.389 x 10-11 1.020 x 10-8 0.2778 x 10-13 0.2778 x 10-10 5,688.0 x 10-9 4.427 x 10-6 7.3756 x 10-8 1.341 x 10-10 1.433 x 10-9 10-10 farads faradays “ fathoms feet “ “ “ “ “ “ feet of water “ “ “ “ “ feet/min. “ “ “ “ feet/sec. “ “ “ “ “ feet/sec./sec. “ “ “ feet/100 feet foot-pounds “ “ “ “ “ “ “ foot-pounds/min. “ “ “ “ foot-pounds/sec. “ “ “ “ furlongs “ microfarads ampere-hours coulombs feet centimeters kilometers meters miles (naut.) miles (stat.) millimeters mils atmospheres in. of mercury kgs./sq. cm. kgs./sq. meter pounds/sq. ft. pounds/sq. in. cms./sec. feet/sec. kms./hr. meters/min. miles/hr. cms./sec. kms./hr. knots meters/min. miles/hr. miles/min. cms./sec./sec. kms./hr./sec. meters/sec./sec. miles/hr./sec. per cent grade Btu ergs grams-calories hp-hrs. joules kg.-calories kg.-meters kilowatt-hrs. Btu/min. foot-pounds/sec. horsepower kg.-calories/min. kilowatts Btu/hr. Btu/min. horsepower kg.-calories/min. kilowatts rods feet 106 26.80 9.649 x 104 6.0 30.48 3.048 x 10-4 0.3048 1.645 x 10-4 1.894 x 10-4 304.8 1.2 x 104 0.02950 0.8826 0.03048 304.8 62.43 0.4335 0.5080 0.01667 0.01829 0.3048 0.01136 30.48 1.097 0.5921 18.29 0.6818 0.01136 30.48 1.097 0.3048 0.6818 1.0 1.286 x 10-3 1.356 x 107 0.3238 5.050 x 10-7 1.356 3.24 x 10-4 0.1383 3.766 x 10-7 1.286 x 10-3 0.01667 3.030 x 10-5 3.24 x 10-4 2.260 x 10-5 4.6263 0.07717 1.818 x 10-3 0.01945 1.356 x 10-3 40.0 660.0 F A-7 Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.) TO CONVERT gallons “ “ “ “ “ “ “ gallons (liq. Br. Imp.) gallons (U.S.) gallons of water gallons/min. “ “ gausses “ “ “ gilberts gilberts/cm. “ “ gils “ grains (troy) “ “ “ grains/U.S. gal. “ grains/Imp. gal. grams “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ grams/cm. grams/cu. cm. “ “ grams/liter “ “ “ grams/sq. cm. gram-calories “ “ “ “ “ gram-calories/sec. gram-centimeters “ “ “ “ A-8 INTO G MULTIPLY BY cu. cms. 3,785.0 cu. feet 0.1337 cu. inches 231.0 cu. meters 3.785 x 10-3 cu. yards 4.951 x 10-3 liters 3.785 pints 8.0 quarts 4.0 gallons (U.S. liq.) 1.20095 gallons (Imp.) 0.83267 pounds of water 8.3453 cu. ft./sec. 2.228 x 10-3 liters/sec. 0.06308 cu. ft./hr. 8.0208 lines/sq. in. 6.452 webers/sq. cm. 10-8 webers/sq. in. 6.452 x 10-8 webers/sq. meter 10-4 ampere-turns 0.7958 amp-turns/cm. 0.7958 amp-turns/in. 2.021 amp-turns/meter 79.58 liters 0.1183 pints (liq.) 0.25 grains (avdp.) 1.0 grams 0.06480 ounces (avdp.) 2.0833 x 10-3 pennyweight (troy) 0.04167 parts/million 17.118 pounds/million gal. 142.86 parts/million 14.286 dynes 980.7 grains 15.43 joules/cm 9.807 x 10-5 joules/meter (newtons) 9.807 x 10-3 kilograms 10-3 milligrams 103 ounces (avdp.) 0.03527 ounces (troy) 0.03215 poundals 0.07093 pounds 2.205 x 10-3 pounds/inch 5.600 x 10-3 pounds/cu. ft. 62.43 pounds/cu. in. 0.03613 pounds/mil.-foot 3.405 x 10-7 grains/gal. 58.417 pounds/1,000 gal. 8.345 pounds/cu. ft. 0.062427 parts/million 1,000.0 pounds/sq. ft. 2.0481 Btu 3.9683 x 10-3 ergs 4.1868 x 107 foot-pounds 3.0880 horsepower-hrs. 1.5596 x 10-6 kilowatt-hrs. 1.1630 x 10-6 watt-hrs. 1.1630 x 10-3 Btu/hr. 14.286 Btu 9.297 x 10-8 ergs 980.7 joules 9.807 x 10-5 kg.-cal. 2.343 x 10-8 kg-meters 10-5 TO CONVERT INTO H MULTIPLY BY hectares “ hectograms hectoliters hectometers hectowatts henries horsepower " " horsepower (metric) (542.5 ft. lb./sec.) horsepower (550 ft. lb./sec.) horsepower “ “ horsepower (boiler) “ horsepower-hrs. “ “ “ “ “ “ “ hours “ “ “ acres 2.471 sq. foot 1.076 x 105 grams 100.0 liters 100.0 meters 100.0 watts 100.0 millihenries 103 Btu/min. 42.44 foot-lbs./min. 33,000.0 foot-lbs./sec. 550.0 horsepower (550 ft. lb./sec.) 0.9863 horsepower (metric) (542.5 ft. lb./sec.) 1.014 kg.-calories/min. 10.68 kilowatts 0.7457 watts 745.7 Btu/hr. 33.479 kilowatts 9.803 Btu 2,547.0 ergs 2.6845 x 1013 foot-lbs. 1.98 x 106 gram-calories 641,190.0 joules 2.694 x 106 kg.-calories 641.1 kg.-meters 2.737 x 105 kilowatt-hrs. 0.7457 days 4.167 x 10-2 minutes 60.0 seconds 3,600.0 weeks 5.952 x 10-3 inches “ “ “ “ “ “ inches of mercury “ “ “ “ “ inches of water (at 4°C) “ “ “ “ “ centimeters feet meters miles millimeters mils yards atmospheres feet of water kgs./sq. cm. kgs./sq. meter pounds/sq. ft. pounds/sq. in. joules “ “ “ “ “ joules/cm. “ “ “ “ Btu ergs foot-pounds kg.-calories kg.-meters watt-hrs. grams dynes joules/meter (newtons) poundals pounds I atmospheres inches of mercury kgs./sq. cm. ounces/sq. in. pounds/sq. ft. pounds/sq. in. J 2.540 8.333 x 10-2 2.540 x 10-2 1.578 x 10-5 25.40 103 2.778 x 10-2 0.03342 1.133 0.03453 345.3 70.73 0.4912 2.458 x 10-3 0.07355 2.540 x 10-3 0.5781 5.204 0.03613 9.480 x 107 0.7376 2.389 x 0.1020 2.778 x 1.020 x 107 100.0 723.3 22.48 10-4 10-4 10-4 10-4 Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.) TO CONVERT kilograms “ “ “ “ “ “ “ kilograms/cu. meter “ “ “ kilograms/meter kilograms/sq. cm. “ “ “ “ kilograms/sq. meter “ “ “ “ “ kilograms/sq. mm. kilogram-calories “ “ “ “ “ “ kilogram meters “ “ “ “ “ kilolines kiloliters kilometers “ “ “ “ “ “ kilometers/hr. “ “ “ “ “ kilometers/hrs./sec. “ “ “ kilopascals “ “ “ “ “ “ kilowatts “ “ INTO K MULTIPLY BY dynes 980,665.0 grams 103 joules/cm. 0.09807 joules/meter (newtons) 9.807 poundals 70.93 pounds 2.205 tons (long) 9.842 x 10-4 tons (short) 1.102 x 10-3 grams/cu. cm. 0.001 pounds/cu. ft. 0.06243 pounds/cu. in. 3.613 x 10-5 pounds/mil.-foot 3.405 x 10-10 pounds/ft. 0.6720 atmospheres 0.9678 feet of water 32.81 inches of mercury 28.96 pounds/sq. ft. 2,048.0 pounds/sq. in. 14.22 atmospheres 9.678 x 10-5 bars 98.07 x 10-6 feet of water 32.81 x 10-3 inches of mercury 2.896 x 10-3 pounds/sq. ft. 0.2048 pounds/sq. in. 1.422 x 10-3 kgs./sq. meter 106 Btu 3.968 foot-pounds 3,088.0 hp-hrs. 1.560 x 10-7 joules 4,186.0 kg.-meters 426.9 kilojoules 4.186 kilowatt-hrs. 1.163 x 10-3 Btu 9.294 x 10-3 ergs 9.804 x 107 foot-pounds 7.233 joules 9.804 kg.-calories 2.342 x 10-3 kilowatt-hrs. 2.723 x 10-6 maxwells 103 liters 103 centimeters 105 feet 3,281.0 inches 3.937 x 104 meters 103 miles 0.6214 millimeters 106 yards 1,094.0 cms./sec. 27.78 feet/min. 54.68 feet/sec. 0.9113 knots 0.5396 meters/min. 16.67 miles/hr. 0.6214 cms./sec./sec. 27.78 ft./sec./sec. 0.9113 meters/sec./sec. 0.2778 miles/hr./sec. 0.6214 atmospheres 9.87x10-3 feet of water 0.335 inches of Hg 0.296 kgs/sq. meter 1.02x102 pounds/sq. ft. 20.9 pounds/sq. in. 0.145 torr 7.5 Btu/min. 56.92 foot-lbs./min. 4.426 x 104 foot-lbs./sec. 737.6 TO CONVERT kilowatts (cont.) “ “ kilowatt-hrs. “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ INTO K (cont.) MULTIPLY BY knots “ “ “ “ “ horsepower 1.341 kg.-calories/min. 14.34 watts 103 Btu 3,413.0 ergs 3.600 x 1013 foot-lbs. 2.655 x 106 gram-calories 859,850.0 horsepower-hrs. 1.341 joules 3.6 x 106 kg.-calories 860.5 kg.-meters 3.671 x 105 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212°F 3.53 pounds of water raised from 62° to 212°F 22.75 feet/hr. 6,080.0 kilometers/hr. 1.8532 nautical miles/hr. 1.0 statute miles/hr. 1.151 yards/hr. 2,027.0 feet/sec. 1.689 league lines/sq. cm. lines/sq. in. “ “ “ links (engineer’s) links (surveyor’s) liters “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ liters/min. “ lumens/sq. ft. lux miles (approx.) gausses gausses webers/sq. cm. webers/sq. in. webers/sq. meter inches inches bushels (U.S. dry) cu. cm. cu. feet cu. inches cu. meters cu. yards gallons (U.S. liq.) pints (U.S. liq.) quarts (U.S. liq.) cu. ft./sec. gals./sec. foot-candles foot-candles 3.0 1.0 0.1550 1.550 x 10-9 10-8 1.550 x 10-5 12.0 7.92 0.02838 103 0.03531 61.02 0.001 1.308 x 10-3 0.2642 2.113 1.057 5.886 x 10-4 4.403 x 10-3 1.0 0.0929 maxwells “ megalines megohms “ meters “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ meters/min. “ “ “ “ kilolines webers maxwells microhms ohms centimeters feet inches kilometers miles (naut.) miles (stat.) millimeters yards varas cms./sec. feet/min. feet/sec. kms./hr. knots 10-3 10-8 106 1012 106 102 3.281 39.37 0.001 5.396 x 10-4 6.214 x 10-4 103 1.094 1.179 1.667 3.281 0.5468 0.06 0.03238 “ L M A-9 Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.) TO CONVERT meters/min. (cont.) meters/sec. “ “ “ “ meters/sec./sec. “ “ “ meter-kilograms “ “ microfarad micrograms microhms “ microliters microns miles (naut.) “ “ “ “ miles (statute) “ “ “ “ “ “ miles/hr. “ “ “ “ “ “ “ miles/hr./sec. “ “ “ miles/min. “ “ “ “ mil-feet milliers milligrams milligrams/liter millihenries milliliters millimeters “ “ “ “ “ “ million gals./day mils “ “ “ A - 10 INTO M (cont.) miles/hr. feet/min. feet/sec. kilometers/hr. miles/hr. miles/min. cms./sec./sec. ft./sec./sec. kms./hr./sec. miles/hr./sec. cm.-dynes cm.-grams pound-feet farads grams megohms ohms liters meters feet kilometers meters miles (statute) yards centimeters feet inches kilometers meters miles (naut.) yards cm./sec. feet/min. feet/sec. kms./hr. kms./min. knots meters/min. miles/min. cms./sec./sec. feet/sec./sec. kms./hr./sec. meters/sec./sec. cms./sec. feet/sec. kms./min. miles (naut.)/min. miles/hr. cu. inches kilograms grams parts/million henries liters centimeters feet inches meters miles mils yards cu. ft./sec. centimeters feet inches kilometers MULTIPLY BY 0.03728 196.8 3.281 3.6 2.237 0.03728 102 3.281 3.6 2.237 9.807 x 107 105 7.233 10-6 10-6 10-12 10-6 10-6 10-6 6,080.27 1.853 1,853.00 1.1516 2,027.0 1.609 x 105 5,280.0 6.336 x 104 1.609 1,609.0 0.8684 1,760.0 44.70 88.0 1.467 1.609 0.02682 0.8684 26.82 0.01667 44.70 1.467 1.609 0.4470 2,682.0 88.0 1.609 0.8684 60.0 9.425 x 10-6 103 10-3 1.0 10-3 10-3 0.1 3.281 x 10-3 0.03937 0.001 6.214 x 10-7 39.37 1.094 x 10-3 1.54723 2.540 x 10-3 8.333 x 10-5 0.001 2.540 x 10-8 TO CONVERT mils (cont.) miner’s inches minutes (angles) “ “ “ myriameters myriawatts INTO M (cont.) yards cu. ft./min. degrees quadrants radians seconds kilograms kilometers kilowatts 2.778 x 10-5 1.5 0.01667 1.852 x 10-4 2.909 x 10-4 60.0 myriagrams 10.0 10.0 N nepers decibels ohms ohms ounces “ “ “ “ “ “ ounces (fluid) “ ounces (troy) “ “ “ “ megohms microhms drams grains grams pounds ounces (troy) tons (long) tons (metric) cu. inches liters grains grams ounces (avdp.) pennyweights (troy) pounds (troy) ounces/sq. in. MULTIPLY BY O pounds/sq. in. P 10.0 8.686 10-6 106 16.0 437.5 28.349527 0.0625 0.9115 2.790 x 10-5 2.834 x 10-5 1.805 0.2957 480.0 31.103481 1.09714 20.0 0.08333 0.0625 parts/million grains/U.S. gal. 0.0584 “ grains/Imp. gal. 0.07016 “ pounds/million gal. 8.345 pascals millibar 10-2 “ pounds/sq. ft. 2.09 x 10-2 “ pounds/sq. in. 1.45 x 10-4 “ torr 7.5 x 10-3 “ in.Hg 2.96 x 10-4 pennyweights (troy) grains 24.0 “ ounces (troy) 0.05 “ grams 1.55517 “ pounds (troy) 4.1667 x 10-3 pints (dry) cu. inches 33.60 pints (liq.) cu. cms. 473.2 “ cu. feet 0.01671 “ cu. inches 28.87 “ cu. meters 4.732 x 10-4 “ cu. yards 6.189 x 10-4 “ gallons 0.125 “ liters 0.4732 “ quarts (liq.) 0.5 poundals dynes 13,826.0 “ grams 14.10 “ joules/cm. 1.383 x 10-3 “ joules/meter (newtons) 0.1383 “ kilograms 0.01410 “ pounds 0.03108 pounds drams 256.0 “ dynes 44.4823 x 104 “ grains 7,000.0 “ grams 453.5924 “ joules/cm. 0.04448 “ joules/meter (newton) 4.448 Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.) TO CONVERT INTO P (cont.) pounds (cont.) “ “ “ “ “ pounds (troy) “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ pounds of water “ “ pounds of water/min. pounds-feet “ “ pounds/cu. ft. “ “ “ pounds/cu. in. “ “ “ pounds/ft. pounds/in. pounds/mil.-foot pounds/sq. ft. “ “ “ “ pounds/sq. in. “ “ “ “ “ kilograms ounces ounces (troy) poundals pounds (troy) tons (short) grains grams ounces (avdp.) ounces (troy) pennyweights (troy) pounds (avdp.) tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) cu. feet cu. inches gallons cu. ft./sec. cm.-dynes cm.-grams meter-kgs. grams/cu. cm. kgs./cu. meter pounds/cu. in. pounds/mil.-ft. gms./cu. cm. kgs./cu. meter pounds/cu. ft. pounds/mil.-foot kgs./meter gms./cm. gms./cu. cm. atmospheres feet of water inches of mercury kgs./sq. meter pounds/sq. in. atmospheres feet of water inches of mercury kgs./sq. meter pounds/sq. ft. kilopascal quadrants (angle) “ “ “ degrees minutes radians seconds Q quarts (dry) quarts (liq.) “ “ “ “ “ “ cu. inches cu. cms. cu. feet cu. inches cu. meters cu. yards gallons liters radians “ “ “ radians/sec. “ degrees minutes quadrants seconds degrees sec. revolutions/min. R MULTIPLY BY 0.4536 16.0 14.5833 32.17 1.21528 0.0005 5,760.0 373.24177 13.1657 12.0 pounds (troy) 240.0 0.822857 3.6735 x 10-4 3.7324 x 10-4 4.1143 x 10-4 0.01602 27.68 0.1198 2.670 x 10-4 1.356 x 107 13,825.0 0.1383 0.01602 16.02 5.787 x 10-4 5.456 x 10-9 27.68 2.768 x 104 1,728.0 9.425 x 10-6 1.488 178.6 2.306 x 106 4.725 x 10-4 0.01602 0.01414 4.882 6.944 x 10-3 0.06804 2.307 2.036 703.1 144.0 6.8948 90.0 5,400.0 1.571 3.24 x 105 67.20 946.4 0.03342 57.75 9.464 x 10-4 1.238 x 10-3 0.25 0.9463 57.30 3,438.0 0.6366 2.063 x 105 57.30 9.549 TO CONVERT INTO R (cont.) MULTIPLY BY radians/sec. (cont.) radians/sec./sec. “ “ revolutions “ “ revolutions/min. “ “ revolutions/min./min. “ “ revolutions/sec. “ “ revolutions/sec./sec. “ “ rods revolutions/sec. revs./min./min. revs./min./sec. revs./sec./sec. degrees quadrants radians degrees/sec. radians/sec. revs./sec. radians/sec./sec. revs./min./sec. revs./sec./sec. degrees/sec. radians/sec. revs./min. radians/sec./sec. revs./min./min. revs./min./sec. feet 0.1592 573.0 9.549 0.1592 360.0 4.00 6.283 6.0 0.1047 0.01667 1.745 x 10-3 0.01667 2.778 x 10-4 360.0 6.283 60.0 6.283 3,600.0 60.0 16.5 seconds (angle) “ “ “ square centimeters “ “ “ “ “ “ square feet “ “ “ “ “ “ “ square inches “ “ “ “ “ square kilometers “ “ “ “ “ “ square meters “ “ “ “ “ “ square miles “ “ “ “ degrees minutes quadrants radians circular mils sq. feet sq. inches sq. meters sq. miles sq. millimeters sq. yards acre circular mils sq. cms. sq. inches sq. meters sq. miles sq. millimeters sq. yards circular mils sq. cms. sq. feet sq. millimeters sq. mils sq. yards acres sq. cms. sq. ft. sq. inches sq. meters sq. miles sq.yards acres sq. cms. sq. feet sq. inches sq. miles sq. millimeters sq. yards acres sq. feet sq. kms. sq. meters sq. yards 2.778 x 10-4 0.01667 3.087 x 10-6 4.848 x 10-6 1.973 x 105 1.076 x 10-3 0.1550 0.0001 3.861 x 10-11 100.0 1.196 x 10-4 2.296 x 10-5 1.833 x 108 929.0 144.0 0.09290 3.587 x 10-8 9.290 x 104 0.1111 1.273 x 106 6.452 6.944 x 10-3 645.2 106 7.716 x 10-4 247.1 1010 10.76 x 106 1.550 x 109 106 0.3861 1.196 x 106 2.471 x 10-4 104 10.76 1,550.0 3.861 x 10-7 106 1.196 640.0 27.88 x 106 2.590 2.590 x 106 3.098 x 106 S A - 11 Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.) TO CONVERT INTO S (cont.) square millimeters “ “ “ square mils “ “ square yards “ “ “ “ “ “ circular mils sq. cms. sq. feet sq. inches circular mils sq. cms. sq. inches acres sq. cms. sq. ft. sq. inches sq. meters sq. miles sq. millimeters temperature (°C) + 273 temperature (°C) + 17.78 temperature (°F) + 460 temperature (°F) - 32 tons (long) “ “ tons (metric) “ tons (short) “ “ “ “ “ “ tons (short)/sq. ft. “ tons of water/24 hrs. “ “ absolute temperature (°C) temperature (°F) A - 12 T absolute temperature (°F) temperature (°C) kilograms pounds tons (short) kilograms pounds kilograms ounces ounces (troy) pounds pounds (troy) tons (long) tons (metric) kgs./sq. meter pounds/sq. in. pounds of water/hr. gallons/min. cu. ft./hr. MULTIPLY BY 1,973.0 0.01 1.076 x 1.550 x 1.273 6.452 x 10-6 2.066 x 8,361.0 9.0 1,296.0 0.8361 3.228 x 8.361 x 10-5 10-C 10-6 10-4 10-7 105 1.0 1.8 1.0 0.555 1,016.0 2,240.0 1.120 1,000.0 2,205.0 907.1848 32,000.0 29,166.66 2,000.0 2,430.56 0.89287 0.9078 9,765.0 2,000.0 83.333 0.16643 1.3349 TO CONVERT INTO W watts “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ watt-hours “ “ “ “ “ “ “ webers “ webers/sq. in. “ “ “ webers/sq. meter “ “ “ Btu/hr. Btu/min. ergs/sec. foot-lbs./min. foot-lbs./sec. horsepower horsepower (metric) kg.-calories/min. kilowatts Btu ergs foot-pounds gram-calories horsepower-hrs. kilogram-calories kilogram-meters kilowatt-hrs. maxwells kilolines gausses lines/sq. in. webers/sq. cm. webers/sq. meter gausses lines/sq. in. webers/sq. cm. webers/sq. in. yards “ “ “ “ “ “ “ centimeters feet inches kilometers meters miles (naut.) miles (stat.) millimeters Y MULTIPLY BY 3.4192 0.05688 107.0 44.27 0.7378 1.341 x 10-3 1.360 x 10-3 0.01433 0.001 3.413 3.60 x 1010 2,656.0 859.85 1.341 x 10-3 0.8605 367.2 0.001 108 105 1.550 x 107 108 0.1550 1,550.0 104 6.452 x 104 10-4 6.452 x 10-4 91.44 3.0 36.0 9.144 x 10-4 0.9144 4.934 x 10-4 5.682 x 10-4 914.4 Equivalents: Liquid Measures and Weights TO OBTAIN MULTIPLY BY U.S. Gallon Imperial Gallon 1.2009 1 U.S. Gallon 1 U.S. Pint 0.125 Imperial Gallon U.S. Pound Water* U.S. Cubic Foot U.S. Cubic Inch Liter Cubic Meter 0.11995 8.0 0.1041 1 6.22888 0.004329 0.2641779 264.170 0.833 0.1 7.48052 U.S. Pint 0.00361 0.2199756 219.969 *Water at 60°F (15.6°C) 1 Barrel = 42 gallons (petroleum measure) 10.0 0.9596 1 59.8442 0.034632 2.113423 2113.34 To convert kinematic viscosity from one set of units to another, locate the given set of units in the left hand column and multiply the numerical value by the factor shown horizontally to the right, under the set of units desired. centistokes centistokes stokes cm2 sec ft2 sec (v) 8.337 9.60762 Equivalents: Kinematic Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity U.S. Pound Water* (v) 1 (100 v) 100 (v') 92,900 U.S. Cubic Foot U.S. Cubic Inch 0.16054 277.42 0.13368 1.042 0.01671 2202.0 27.708 1 0.03609 2.202 28.875 0.016035 62.365 0.0005787 0.0353154 35.31446 231.0 1728.0 1 61.02509 61023.38 Liter Cubic Meter 3.78533 0.003785 0.473166 0.000473 4.54596 0.45405 28.31702 0.016387 1 999.972 0.004546 0.000454 0.028317 0.0000164 0.001000 1 EXAMPLE: (8 Imperial gallons) (4.54596) = 36.36768 liters As an example, suppose a given kinematic viscosity of 0.5 square foot/second is to be converted to centistokes. By referring to the table, we find the conversion factor to be 92,900. Then, 0.5 (sq ft/sec) times 92,900 = 46,450 centistokes. stokes ft2 sec (100 v) 0.01 (v') 1.076 (10–5) 1 1.076 (10–3) 929 1 cm2 sec A - 13 Equivalents: Absolute (Dynamic) Viscosity To convert absolute or dynamic viscosity from one set of units to another, locate the given set of units in the left hand column and multiply the numerical value by the factor shown horizontally to the right under the set of units desired. As an example, suppose a given absolute viscosity of 2 poise is to be converted to N s/m2. By referring to the table the conversion factor is 0.1. Thus 2 Poise is equal to 2 times 0.1, which is equal to 0.2 N s/m2. MULTIPLY BY CONVERT TO CONVERT FROM Poiseuille (Pa s) Poise (dyne s/cm2) (g/cm s) N s/m2 centiPoise kgf s/m2 kg/m h Poiseuille (Pa s) 1 10 1 1000 0.102 3600 Poise (dyne s/cm2) (g/cm s) 0.1 1 0.1 100 0.0102 360 N s/m2 1 10 1 1000 0.102 3600 centiPoise 0.001 0.01 0.001 1 0.000102 3.6 kgf s/m2 9.81 98.1 9.807 9807 1 35.304 slugs/ftsec (lb s/ft2) 47.9 479 47.9 4.79 x 104 4.882 1.72 x 105 lb/ft s 1.49 14.9 1.488 1,488 0.152 5,357 Equivalents: Electrical Units Practical Unit Cgs Electromagnetic Unit Cgs Electrostatic Unit Emf volt = 108 abvolts volt = 3.3 x 10–3 statvolt abvolt = 10–8 volt abvolt = 3.3 x 10–11 statvolt statvolt = 300 volts (approx.) statvolt = 3 x 1010 abvolts Current ampere = 10–1 abampere ampere = 3 x 109 statamperes abampere = 10 amperes abampere = 3 x 1010 statamperes statampere = 3.3 x 10–10 ampere statampere = 3.3 x 10–11 abampere Capacitance farad = 10–9 abfarads farad = 9 x 1011 statfarads Resistance Quantity Inductance Energy Power A - 14 ohm = 109 abohms ohm = 1.1 x 10–12 statohm abohm = 10–9 ohm abohm = 1.1 x 10–21 statohm coulomb = 10–1 abcoulomb coulomb = 3 x 109 statcoulombs abcoulomb = 10 coulombs abcoulomb = 3 x 1010 statcoulombs henry = 109 abhenries henry = 1.1 x 10–12 stathenry joule = 107 ergs abhenry = 10–9 henry abhenry = 1.1 x 10–21 stathenries erg = 10-7 joule watt = 107 ____ ergs sec statohm = 9 x 1011 ohms statohm = 9 x 1020 abohms statcoulomb = 3.3 x 10–10 coulomb statcoulomb = 3.3 x 10–11 abcoulombs abfarad = 109 farads abfarad = 9 x 1020 statfarads statfarad = 1.1 x 10–12 farads statfarad = 1.1 x 10–21 abfarads erg = 10–7 watt ––– sec erg = 10–7 watt ––– sec stathenry = 9 x 1011 henries stathenry = 9 x 1020 abhenries erg = 10–7 joule Equivalents: Degrees API and Degrees Baumé Degrees on API or Baumé Scale 0 2 4 6 8 Values for API Scale Oil Specific Gravity S – – – – – Weight Density Lb/Ft3 p Pounds per Gallon – – – – – – – – – – Values for Baumé Scale Liquids Lighter Than Water Liquids Heavier Than Water S Weight Density Lb/Ft3 p Pounds per Gallon Specific Gravity – – – – – – – – – – 1.0000 1.0140 1.0284 1.0432 1.0584 7.781 7.679 7.579 7.482 7.387 1.1600 1.1789 1.1983 1.2185 1.2393 1.0000 0.9861 0.9724 0.9593 0.9465 62.36 61.50 60.65 59.53 59.03 8.337 8.221 8.108 7.998 7.891 1.0000 0.9859 0.9722 0.9589 0.9459 62.36 61.49 60.63 59.80 58.99 8.337 8.219 8.105 7.994 7.886 30 32 34 36 38 0.8762 0.8654 0.8550 0.8448 0.8348 54.64 53.97 53.32 52.69 52.06 7.305 7.215 7.128 7.043 6.960 0.8750 0.8642 0.8537 0.8434 0.8333 54.57 53.90 53.24 52.60 51.97 7.295 7.205 7.117 7.031 6.947 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 0.9340 0.9218 0.9100 0.8984 0.8871 0.8251 0.8155 0.8063 0.7972 0.7883 0.7796 0.7711 0.7628 0.7547 0.7467 0.7389 0.7313 0.7238 0.7165 0.7093 0.7022 0.6953 0.6886 0.6819 0.6754 0.6690 0.6628 0.6566 0.6506 0.6446 0.6388 0.6331 0.6275 0.6220 0.6166 0.6112 58.25 57.87 56.75 56.03 55.32 51.46 50.86 50.28 49.72 49.16 48.62 48.09 47.57 47.07 46.57 46.08 45.61 45.14 44.68 44.23 43.79 43.36 42.94 42.53 42.12 41.72 41.33 40.95 40.57 40.20 39.84 39.48 39.13 38.79 38.45 38.12 7.787 7.736 7.587 7.490 7.396 6.879 6.799 6.722 6.646 6.572 6.499 6.429 6.359 6.292 6.225 6.160 6.097 6.034 5.973 5.913 5.854 5.797 5.741 5.685 5.631 5.577 5.526 5.474 5.424 5.374 5.326 5.278 5.231 5.186 5.141 5.096 0.9333 0.9211 0.9091 0.8974 0.8861 0.8235 0.8140 0.8046 0.7955 0.7865 0.7778 0.7692 0.7609 0.7527 0.7447 0.7368 0.7292 0.7216 0.7143 0.7071 0.7000 0.6931 0.6863 0.6796 0.6731 0.6667 0.6604 0.6542 0.6482 0.6422 0.6364 0.6306 0.6250 0.6195 0.6140 0.6087 58.20 57.44 56.70 55.97 55.26 51.36 50.76 50.18 49.61 49.05 48.51 47.97 47.45 46.94 46.44 45.95 45.48 45.00 44.55 44.10 43.66 43.22 42.80 42.38 41.98 41.58 41.19 40.80 40.42 40.05 39.69 39.33 38.98 38.63 38.29 37.96 S – – – – – 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Specific Gravity 6.865 6.786 6.708 6.632 6.557 6.484 6.413 6.344 6.275 6.209 6.143 6.079 6.016 5.955 5.895 5.836 5.788 5.722 5.666 5.612 5.558 5.506 5.454 5.404 5.354 5.306 5.257 5.211 5.165 5.119 5.075 1.0741 1.0902 1.1069 1.1240 1.1417 1.2609 1.2832 1.3063 1.3303 1.3551 1.3810 1.4078 1.4356 1.4646 1.4948 Weight Density Lb/Ft3 p 62.36 63.24 64.14 65.06 66.01 8.337 8.454 8.574 8.697 8.824 72.34 73.52 74.73 75.99 77.29 9.671 9.828 9.990 10.159 10.332 86.13 87.80 89.53 91.34 93.22 11.513 11.737 11.969 12.210 12.462 66.99 67.99 69.03 70.10 71.20 78.64 80.03 81.47 82.96 84.51 1.5263 1.5591 1.5934 1.6292 1.6667 95.19 97.23 99.37 101.60 103.94 1.9333 – – – – 120.57 – – – – 1.7059 1.7470 1.7901 1.8354 1.8831 – – – – – – – – – – – Pounds per Gallon 106.39 108.95 111.64 114.46 117.44 – – – – – – – – – – – 8.955 9.089 9.228 9.371 9.518 10.512 10.698 10.891 11.091 11.297 12.725 12.998 13.284 13.583 13.895 14.222 14.565 14.924 15.302 15.699 16.118 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – A - 15 Equivalents: Kinematic and Saybolt Viscosity Equivalents of Kinematic and Saybolt Furol Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity, Centistokes v 48 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 At 122°F (50°C) Basic Values 25.3 26.1 30.6 35.1 39.6 44.1 48.6 60.1 71.7 83.8 At 210°F (99°C) 25.2 29.8 34.4 39.0 43.7 48.3 60.1 71.8 83.7 200 225 250 275 95.0 106.7 118.4 130.1 95.6 107.5 119.4 131.4 400 425 450 475 188.8 200.6 212.4 224.1 191.8 204.0 216.1 228.3 300 325 350 375 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900 925 950 975 1000 1024 1050 1075 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 Over 1300 A - 16 Equivalent Saybolt Furol Viscosity, Sec 141.8 153.6 165.3 177.0 235.9 247.7 259.5 271.3 283.1 294.9 306.7 318.4 330.2 342.0 353.8 365.5 377.4 389.2 400.9 412.7 424.5 436.3 448.1 459.9 471.7 483.5 495.2 507.0 518.8 530.6 542.4 554.2 566.0 577.8 589.9 601.3 613.1 Saybolt Furol Seconds = Centistokes x 0.4717 143.5 155.5 167.6 179.7 240.5 252.8 265.0 277.2 289.5 301.8 314.1 326.4 338.7 351.0 363.4 375.7 388.1 400.5 412.9 425.3 437.7 450.1 462.5 474.9 487.4 499.8 512.3 524.8 537.2 549.7 562.2 574.7 587.2 599.7 612.2 624.8 637.3 Log (Saybolt Furol Seconds - 2.87) = 1.0276 [Log (Centistokes)] 0.3975 Equivalents of Kinematic and Saybolt Universal Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity, Centistokes v 1.83 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 Equivalent Saybolt Universal Viscosity, Sec At 100°F (37.8°C) Basic Values 32.01 32.62 39.14 45.56 52.09 58.91 77.39 97.77 At 210°F (99°C) 32.23 32.85 39.41 45.88 52.45 59.32 77.93 98.45 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 119.3 141.3 163.7 186.3 209.1 120.1 142.3 164.9 187.6 210.5 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 347.6 370.8 393.9 417.1 440.3 350.0 373.4 396.7 420.0 443.4 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 250.0 280.0 300.0 320.0 340.0 360.0 380.0 400.0 420.0 440.0 460.0 480.0 500.0 Over 500 232.1 255.2 278.3 301.4 324.4 463.5 556.2 648.9 741.6 834.2 233.8 257.0 280.2 303.5 326.7 466.7 560.1 653.4 926.9 1019.6 1112.3 1205.0 1297.7 1390.4 1483.1 1575.8 1668.5 1761.2 1853.9 1946.6 2039.3 2132.0 2224.7 2317.4 Saybolt Seconds = Centistokes x 4.6673 Saybolt Seconds = Centistokes x 4.6347 Note: To obtain the Saybolt Universal viscosity equivalent to a kinematic viscosity determined at t, multiply the equivalent Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100°F (37.8°C) by 1+(t - 100) 0.000 064. For example, 10 v at 210°F (99°C) are equivalent to 58.91 multiplied by 1.0070 or 59.32 sec Saybolt Universal at 210°F (99°C). These tables are reprinted with the permission of the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). The table at the left was abstracted from Table 1,D2161-63T. The table at the right was abstracted from Table 3, D2161-63T. 0.0193368 14.5038 145.038 mm mercury† Bars‡ MPa‡ EXAMPLE: (5 kg/cm2) (2048.16) = 10,240.8 lb./ft.2 .20445 20.8854 20885.4 2088.54 2.78450 70.7262 62.315 5.1929 .0000966 0.0098692 9.8692 0.98692 0.0013158 0.033420 0.029446 0.002454 0.0000968 0.96784 1 0.000473 0.068046 Atmospheres *Water at 68°F (20°C) .0014198 0.491154 in. mercury† mm water column 0.432744 ft./water* 0.145038 0.036062 in./water* kPa 0.001422 kg/m 0.204816 2048.16 14.2233 2 kg/cm 2116.22 14.696 1 144.0 lb/ft2 2 0.0069444 1 lb/in2 Atmospheres lb/ft. 2 lb/in.2 TO OBTAIN MULTIPLY BY .99819 101.972 101972.0 10197.2 13.595 345.319 304.249 25.354 1 10000.0 10332.0 4.88243 703.070 kg/m2 .039370 4.02190 4021.90 402.190 0.53621 13.6197 12.0 1 0.03944 394.41 407.520 0.019257 27.7300 in. water (68°F)* †mercury at 32°F (0°C) .0000998 0.0101972 10.1972 1.01972 0.0013595 0.03453 0.030425 0.00253 0.0001 1 1.0332 0.000488 0.070307 kg/cm2 .002891 0.2953 295.300 29.5300 0.03937 1 0.88108 0.073423 0.002896 28.959 29.921 0.014139 2.03602 in. mercury (32°F)† .073423 7.50061 7500.61 750.061 1 25.4 22.3793 1.8649 0.073556 735.558 760.00 0.35913 51.7149 mm mercury (32°F)† .0000979 0.01 10.0 1 0.001333 0.033864 0.29837 0.002486 0.000098 0.98066 1.01325 0.0004788 0.068948 Bars ‡ 2 .0000098 0.001 1 0.10 0.0001333 0.0033864 0.0029837 0.000249 0.0000098 0.098066 0.101325 0.0000479 0.0068948 MegaPascals (MPa)‡ 0.04788 6.8948 kPa 2 .0097889 1 1000.0 100.0 0.13332 3.3864 2.9837 0.24864 0.0098 98.066 101.325 ‡MPa (MegaPascal) = 10 Bars = 1,000,000 N/m (Newtons/meter ) .003281 0.33516 335.158 33.5158 0.044684 1.1350 1 0.08333 0.003287 32.868 33.9600 0.016048 2.3108 ft. water (68°F)* 1 102.156 102156.0 10215.6 13.6197 345.94 304.800 25.4 1.00181 10018.1 10351.0 4.89127 704.342 mm water (68°F) To convert from one set of units to another, locate the given unit in the left hand column, and multiply the numerical value by the factor shown horizontally to the right, under the set of units desired. Equivalents: Pressure and Head A - 17 Properties: Density and Specific Gravity of Selected Liquids Liquid Acetaldehyde Acetone Acetic Anhydride Acid, Acetic Conc. Acid, Benzoic Acid, Butyric, Conc. Acid, Hydrochloric, 42.5% Acid, Hydrocyanic Acid, Nitric, Conc. Boil. Acid, Ortho-phosphoric Ammonia, Saturated Aniline Argon Asphalt Beer Benzene Brine, 10% CaCl Brine, 10% NaCl Bromine Bunkers C Fuel Max Butane-n Carbon Disulphide Carbon Monoxide Carbon Tetrachloride China Wood Oil Chloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chromic Acid Citric Acid Cocoanut Oil Corn syrup 86.4 Brix Corn syrup 78.4 Brix Creosote Cresol, Meta Decane-n Diesel Fuel grade 1-D Diesel Fuel grade 2-D Diesel Fuel grade 4-D Diphenyl Distallate Dowtherm A Ethanol Ether Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Alcohol Ethylamine Ethyl Benzene Ethyl Chloride Ethyl Oxide Ethylene Glycol Fluorine Formaldehyde Formic Acid Fuell 3 Max Fuel 5 Min Fuel 5 Max Fuel 6 Min Fuel Oil (Bunker C) Furfural Gasoline Gasoline, Natural Glucose Glycerol (Glycerine) Glycol Helium Heptane Heptane-n Hexane-n Hexanol Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Sulfide Ink, printers Ionene Isobutyl Alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Jet Fuel, grade JP-4 Kerosene Lard A - 18 Temperature °C °F 64 60 68 68 59 68 64 64 64 65 10 68 60 75 60 32 32 32 60 60 60 32 60 68 60 77 68 68 60 60 60 60 60 60 68 60 60 60 60 163 60 700 77 77 68 77 61 68 68 30 60 60 113 100 60 60 60 60 59 68 60 60 60 122 68 60 68 60 60 77 60 60 60 60 77 68 68 60 60 60 17.8 15.6 20.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 17.8 17.8 17.8 18.3 -12.2 20.0 15.6 23.9 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 15.6 15.6 0.0 15.6 20.0 15.6 25.0 20.0 20.0 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 20.0 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 72.8 15.6 371.1 25.0 25.0 20.0 25.0 16.1 20.0 20.0 -1.1 15.6 15.6 45.0 37.8 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 20.0 15.6 15.6 15.6 50.0 20.0 15.6 20.0 15.6 15.6 25.0 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 25.0 20.0 20.0 15.6 15.6 15.6 Density➀ Specific➁ Gravity lb/ft3 38.9 49.4 67.5 65.5 79.0 60.2 92.3 43.5 93.7 114.4 40.9 63.8 102.9 61.1 63.0 56.1 68.1 67.2 182.7 63.3 36.4 80.6 49.9 99.6 58.8 97.3 69.1 92.9 75.5 96.1 57.9 91.1 87.9 66.7 64.5 45.5 51.5 54.0 57.3 61.9 63.0 45.5 48.6 44.7 56.1 49.1 42.6 53.6 78.0 54.9 70.5 69.7 50.8 56.1 56.0 60.2 61.9 61.9 62.3 72.3 46.8 42.4 87.3 78.6 69.2 8.7 42.7 42.9 41.4 50.7 57.4 53.6 49.3 74.8 58.3 50.5 49.9 53.0 50.8 59.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.8 0.7 1.0 1.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 3.0 1.0 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 Liquid Lard Oil Linolenic Acid Linseed Oil M. C. Residuum Mercury Mercury Mercury Mercury Mercury Methane Methyl Alcohol Methylene Chloride Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Propyl Milk Mineral Oil Naphtha, Petroleum Naphtha, Wood Naphthalene Nonane-n Nonanol Ocimene Octane-n Oil, Olive Palmitic Acid Pentane Petroleum Ether Phenol Phosgene Phosphorus Propane Propanol Propyl Alcohol Propylene Propylene Glycol Pyridine Resorcinol Rosin Oil Sabiname SAE 10 Lube SAE 30 Lube SAE 70 Lube Salt Creek Crude Silane Sorbaldehyde Sperm Oil Starch Stearic Acid Styrene Sucrose 60 Brix Sucrose 76 Brix Sulphur Dioxide Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid Sulphur Trioxide 32.6° API Crude 35.6° API Crude 40° API Crude 48° API Crude Tar, Road RT-4 Tar, Road RT-8 Tar, Road RT-12 Terpinene Toluene (Toluol) Transmission Oil Trichloroethylene Turpentine Varnish, spar Vegetable Oil Water Water Water, Distilled Water, sea Whale Oil Xylol (Xylene) Temperature °C °F 60 77 60 60 20 40 60 80 100 -2.66 77 68 72 58 60 80 59 77 77 60 77 77 60 69 77 59 60 77 32 93 0 77 77 77 77 68 77 60 77 60 60 60 60 77 77 60 60 77 77 60 60 32 68 60 70 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 212 68 80 68 60 60 60 60 100 70 60 60 68 15.6 25.0 15.6 15.6 -6.7 4.4 15.6 26.7 37.8 -16.3 25.0 20.0 22.2 14.4 15.6 26.7 15.0 25.0 25.0 15.6 25.0 25.0 15.6 15.0 25.0 15.0 15.6 25.0 0 33.9 -17.7 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 25.0 15.6 25.0 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 25.0 25.0 15.6 15.6 25.0 25.0 15.6 15.6 0.0 20.0 15.6 21.1 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 100.0 20.0 26.7 20.0 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 37.8 21.1 15.6 15.6 20.0 ➀ Density is shown for the temperature listed. Density➀ Specific➁ Gravity lb/ft3 57.4 56.3 58.0 58.3 849.7 848.0 846.3 844.6 842.9 29.1 49.2 83.4 49.9 50.5 64.8 56.1 41.6 43.7 60.1 64.8 51.3 49.9 44.1 57.3 53.2 38.9 39.9 66.8 86.1 108.5 30.1 50.3 50.0 32.2 60.4 61.3 79.3 61.1 50.8 54.6 56.0 57.1 53.8 44.8 56.0 86.7 93.6 58.7 56.5 80.5 86.7 89.2 116.0 114.1 119.8 53.8 52.8 51.4 49.2 67.4 70.5 71.7 53.0 54.1 58.6 91.5 53.9 56.1 56.8 62.4 61.9 61.7 64.2 57.7 55.0 ➁ Specific gravity uses water at 60°F as base conditions. 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.5 13.5 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 Properties: Density and Specific Gravity of Selected Gases Acetylene Gas Air Ammonia Argon Bio Gas (65% Methane, 35% CO2) Chemical Formula C 2H 2 – NH3 Ar 44.11 0.1502 0.1137 1.9359 1.520 -116 306 90 28.01 0.0724 1.2321 0.967 -222 C 2H 6 30.07 0.0777 1.3227 1.038 90 Cl2 He H2 H 2S Nitrogen N2 70.91 28.05 0.1833 0.0725 -450 2.02 0.0052 0.0887 0.070 -402 16.04 0.0415 0.7057 0.554 -117 86.18 34.08 0.2227 0.0881 N 2O 44.01 0.1138 Pentane C5H12 72.15 0.1865 Propylene C 3H 6 ➀ Density is given for gas at 14.7 psia @ +70° F. ➁ Density is given for gas at 1 bar @ +0° C. 49 0.138 Nitrous Oxide SO2 0.969 291 0.1761 0.0776 C 3H 8 1.2340 2.499 0.0103 30.00 O2 3.1205 4.00 NO Sulphur Dioxide 2.5567 270 CO CH4 Propane 305 1.937 Methane Oxygen 2.007 2.4681 C6H14 Nitric Oxide -188 0.1450 Hexane, Average Hydrogen Sulfide 1.379 56.11 58.12 95 -220 C 4H 8 C 2H 4 Hydrogen 1.7572 Critical Temperature 1.000 0.588 0.892 Ethylene Helium 0.1032 1.2740 0.7491 0.899 1.1363 CO2 Ethane 39.95 0.0748 0.0440 1.1459 Specific➁ Gravity 0.0668 Carbon Dioxide Chlorine 28.96 17.03 0.0673 Density➁ kg/m3 25.83 C4H10 Carbon Monoxide 26.04 Density➀ lb/ft3 – Butane-N Butylene Molecular Weight 28.01 32.00 44.10 42.08 64.06 0.0724 3.7908 1.4997 1.3202 1.2323 1.9367 2.976 2.125 1.071 0.967 1.376 454 213 -135 -233 98 0.0827 1.4076 1.105 246 0.1140 1.9397 1.523 206 0.1088 0.1656 3.1738 1.8510 2.8191 2.491 1.453 2.213 368 198 316 A - 19 Properties: Density and Specific Gravity of Saturated Water Temperature Pressure PSI °F °C Density lbs/ft3 S.G. 32 0 0.09 62.42 1.00 40 4 0.12 62.42 1.00 35 45 2 7 50 10 54 12 58 14 52 56 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 110 120 130 11 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 37 38 43 49 54 0.10 0.15 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.58 0.62 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.79 0.84 0.89 0.95 1.28 1.70 2.23 140 61 2.89 160 71 4.74 150 170 180 190 200 66 77 82 88 92 3.72 6.00 7.52 9.34 11.53 62.42 62.42 62.42 62.38 62.38 62.38 62.38 62.34 62.34 62.34 62.34 62.31 62.31 62.27 62.27 62.27 62.23 62.23 62.19 62.19 62.15 62.15 62.11 62.07 62.07 62.03 62.03 62.00 61.84 61.69 61.54 61.39 61.20 60.98 60.79 60.57 60.35 60.13 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 Dielectric Dielectric Error in Constant Constant Distance, Of Liquid Of Vapor % — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.99 73.95 1.001 0.0 0.99 70.27 1.001 0.0 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 72.09 68.50 66.77 65.09 63.44 61.84 60.28 58.75 57.26 1.001 1.001 1.001 1.002 1.002 1.003 1.003 1.004 1.005 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Temperature Pressure PSI °F °C 210 14.13 104 17.19 212 100 230 110 220 240 116 250 121 270 132 260 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 705 A - 20 99 127 138 143 149 154 160 14.70 20.78 24.97 29.82 35.42 41.83 49.18 57.53 66.98 77.64 89.60 166 103.00 177 134.53 188 173.23 171 182 193 199 204 210 216 221 227 232 238 243 249 254 260 271 282 117.93 152.92 195.60 220.20 247.10 276.50 308.50 343.30 381.20 422.10 466.30 514.10 565.50 620.70 680.00 811.40 961.50 293 1131.80 304 1324.30 316 1541.00 327 1784.40 338 2057.10 349 2362.00 360 2705.00 371 3090.00 374 3204.00 Density lbs/ft3 S.G. 59.88 0.96 59.63 59.81 59.35 59.10 58.82 58.55 58.24 57.94 57.64 57.31 56.98 56.66 56.34 55.96 55.59 55.22 54.85 54.47 54.05 53.65 53.25 52.80 52.38 51.92 51.47 50.99 50.51 50.00 49.48 48.95 47.82 46.62 45.31 43.90 42.32 40.57 38.57 36.14 32.98 27.28 19.79 Dielectric Dielectric Error in Constant Constant Distance, % Of Liquid Of Vapor 55.81 1.006 0.3 0.96 54.40 1.007 0.3 0.95 51.67 1.009 0.4 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.70 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.58 0.53 0.44 0.32 — 53.02 50.36 — 1.008 1.011 49.08 1.013 46.61 1.017 47.83 45.42 44.26 43.13 42.02 40.94 39.88 38.84 37.83 36.84 35.88 34.93 34.00 33.09 32.20 31.32 30.46 29.62 1.015 1.019 1.022 1.025 1.028 1.032 1.036 1.040 1.045 1.050 1.056 1.062 1.069 1.076 1.085 1.093 1.103 1.113 28.78 1.124 27.16 1.150 27.97 26.36 25.58 24.04 22.52 21.03 19.54 18.04 16.52 14.93 13.23 11.23 8.29 — 1.137 1.164 1.180 — 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.7 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.6 7.2 7.9 8.6 1.216 10.3 1.313 14.6 1.260 1.378 1.461 1.570 1.719 1.938 2.310 3.295 — 12.2 17.4 20.9 25.3 31.1 39.2 52.0 81.5 — Properties: Density of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water Temperature °F 32 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 °C 0 4 16 27 38 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 62.42 62.42 62.37 62.23 62.00 62.62 62.62 62.58 62.42 62.19 .02495 .02420 .02351 .02285 .02223 59.59 .04885 .04738 .04602 .04473 59.60 59.10 58.51 57.94 .1140 59.60 59.10 58.55 57.94 57.31 59.67 59.10 58.55 57.97 57.34 59.70 59.17 58.62 58.04 57.41 59.77 59.24 58.69 58.07 57.57 59.81 59.28 58.72 58.14 57.54 .01914 .01871 .01830 .01791 .01753 .03841 .03753 .03670 .03590 .03514 .003429 .003360 .003294 .003230 .003169 .008576 .008405 .008239 .008080 .007927 271 282 293 304 316 327 338 349 360 371 382 393 404 416 427 438 449 460 471 482 493 504 516 527 538 Saturated Steam Saturated Water Tsat °F .001714 .001680 .001647 .001615 .001585 .001555 .001527 .001499 .001473 .001448 .001423 .001400 .001376 .001354 .001333 .001312 .001292 .001272 .001253 .001235 .001217 .001199 .001182 .001166 .001150 .002998 61.96 101.74 .003111 .003054 .002999 .002947 .002896 .002847 .002799 .002753 .002709 .002666 .002624 002584 .002545 .002507 .002470 .002434 .002399 .002365 .002332 .002300 .005755 61.61 126.07 .007780 .007638 .007501 .007369 .007242 .007119 .007000 .006885 .006774 .006666 .006562 .006461 .006363 .006268 .006175 .006086 .005998 .005914 .005832 .005752 .01360 60.94 162.24 1000 PSIA 62.58 62.58 62.50 62.38 62.15 .02165 .02109 .02057 .02007 .01960 .009557 .009343 .009139 .008944 .008756 750 PSIA 62.54 62.54 62.46 62.31 62.07 .01079 .01052 .01026 .01002 .009781 .003819 .003734 .003653 .003575 .003500 500 PSIA 62.46 62.46 62.42 62.27 62.04 .004311 .004203 .004100 .004002 .003908 .001909 .001866 .001826 .001787 .001750 200 PSIA 62.42 62.42 62.37 62.23 62.00 .002154 .002100 .002049 .002000 .001954 .01241 .01205 .01171 .01139 .01108 100 PSIA 62.42 62.42 62.37 62.23 62.00 160 171 182 193 204 .004950 .004807 .004672 .004545 .004425 50 PSIA 62.42 62.42 62.37 62.23 62.00 61.73 61.39 60.98 60.55 .02575 .002472 .002402 .002334 .002271 .002211 20 PSIA 62.42 62.42 62.37 62.23 62.00 61.73 61.39 60.98 .01321 .01280 216 227 238 249 260 720 740 760 780 800 62.42 62.42 62.37 62.23 62.00 10 PSIA 61.73 .005619 .005435 .005263 .005101 420 440 460 480 500 620 640 660 680 700 5 PSIA .002901 .002804 .002713 .002628 .002548 104 116 127 138 149 520 540 560 580 600 62.42 62.42 62.37 62.23 62.00 2 PSIA 49 60 71 82 93 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 1 PSIA Superheated Steam and Compressed Water Density lbm/ft3 .01717 .01682 .01649 .01617 .01587 .01557 .01529 .01501 .01475 .01449 .01425 .01401 .01378 .01355 .01334 .01313 .01293 .01273 .01254 .01235 .01217 .01200 .01183 .01167 .01151 .02603 60.28 193.21 61.73 61.39 61.01 60.57 60.10 61.73 61.39 61.01 60.57 60.13 .04352 .04239 .04131 .04029 .03933 .1107 .1076 .1047 .1019 .09938 03441 .03371 .03304 .03240 .03178 .08657 .08477 .08305 .08140 .07982 .03119 .03061 .03006 .02953 .02902 .02852 .02804 .02758 .02713 .02670 .02628 .02587 .02548 .02509 .02472 .02436 .02401 .02367 .02334 .02302 .04978 59.42 227.96 .09696 09466 .09249 .09042 .08845 .07830 .07683 .07543 .07408 .07278 .07152 .07030 .06913 .06800 .06690 .06584 .06482 .06382 .06286 .06192 .06101 .06013 .05928 .05845 .05764 .1175 57.90 281.02 61.73 61.39 61.01 60.57 60.13 56.63 .2213 .2146 .2084 .2026 .1973 .1923 .1876 .1832 .1790 .1750 .1712 .1676 .1642 .1609 .1577 .1547 .1518 .1490 .1464 .1438 .1413 .1389 .1366 .1344 .1322 .1301 .1281 .1261 .1242 .1224 .1206 .1187 .1172 .1155 .2257 56.37 327.82 61.77 61.43 61.01 60.61 60.13 56.66 55.96 55.22 54.47 .4238 .4104 .3982 .3870 .3766 .3670 .3580 .3496 .3416 .3341 .3270 .3202 .3137 .3076 .3017 .2960 .2906 .2854 .2804 .2755 .2709 .2664 .2621 .2579 .2539 .2500 .2462 .2425 .2389 .2355 .2321 .4372 54.38 381.80 61.81 61.46 61.09 60.68 60.21 56.75 56.05 55.31 54.56 53.74 52.88 51.98 50.99 1.049 1.008 .9728 .9413 .9128 .8870 .8633 .8413 .8209 .8019 .7840 .7671 .7510 .7359 .7215 .7077 .6946 .6820 .6700 .6584 .6473 .6366 .6263 .6163 .6068 .5976 .5885 1.078 50.63 467.01 61.84 61.50 61.13 60.72 60.24 56.82 56.12 55.40 54.65 53.82 52.97 52.08 51.13 50.08 48.97 1.603 1.530 1.468 1.415 1.367 1.325 1.287 1.252 1.219 1.189 1.161 1.135 1.111 1.087 1.065 1.045 1.025 1.006 .9877 .9703 .9537 .9377 .9223 .9075 .8933 1.641 48.33 510.84 61.88 61.58 61.20 60.75 60.31 56.88 56.18 55.46 54.71 53.91 53.08 52.17 51.23 50.20 49.12 47.94 46.64 2.142 2.035 1.947 1.871 1.804 1.746 1.693 1.645 1.601 1.560 1.523 1.488 1.455 1.424 1.394 1.367 1.340 1.315 1.291 1.269 1.247 1.226 1.206 2.242 46.32 544.58 A - 21 Properties: Specific Gravity of Petroleum Products Temperature Relationship for Petroleum Oils (Reproduced by permission from the Oil and Gas Journal) 0.8 0.7 0.6 4 .6 24 6 0. 0.5 C 3H H 10 C4 H 10 C4 09 8 8 0.3 C5 0.5 4 58 0. 564 0. 0.4 .0 65 .6 70 .6 76 .9 82 .5 89 H 12 Specific Gravity 60/60 1.04 API Gravity 1.00 at 60∞F .98 .96 .9 7 .92 4 10 .1 12.9 .0 .90 15 .88 19.0 .9 .86 22.3 .84 25.7 .82 29 .80 .3 33. .7 0 37 .7 8 .74 6 41 .0 .72 . 1 45 .7 .4 4 . 0 54 9.9 .6 68 6 59 .7 .7 0.9 0.37 C 2H 6 S – Specific Gravity of Oil at any Temperature (Referred to water at 60∞F) 1.0 CRITICAL TEMPERATURE 0.2 0 100 200 300 400 500 Temp. (°F) 600 700 800 900 1000 Example: The specific gravity of an oil at 60°F is 0.85. The specific gravity at 100°F = 0.83. C2H6 = Ethane C3H8 = Propane C4H10 = Butane iC4H10 = Isobutane iC5H12 = Isopentane To find the weight density of a petroleum oil at its flowing temperature when the specific gravity at 60°F is known, multiply the specific gravity of the oil at flowing temperature (see chart above) by 62.4, the density of water at 60°F. *Reprinted from Crane Company’s Technical Paper 410. Specific Gravity versus API Gravity (for hydrocarbon based products and water gravity °A.P.I.) °API 1.00 Specific Gravity 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 ° API = 141.5 – 131.5 G 0.50 150 A - 22 130 110 90 70 50 30 10 0 Properties: Density of Air Temperature °F °C 14.73 PSIA 100 PSIA 200 PSIA 300 PSIA 400 PSIA –40 –20 0 20 40 –40 –29 –18 – 7 4 0.0949 0.0905 0.0866 0.0830 0.0797 0.6488 0.6182 0.5905 0.5652 0.5421 1.3087 1.245 1.1875 1.1353 1.0878 1.9796 1.8799 1.7906 1.71 1.6368 2.661 2.5227 2.3995 2.2887 2.1886 160 180 200 220 240 71 82 93 104 116 0.0641 0.0621 0.0602 0.0585 0.0568 0.4356 0.4218 0.4089 0.3967 0.3853 0.871 0.8432 0.8171 0.7927 0.7697 1.3061 1.264 1.2246 1.1877 1.1529 1.7406 1.684 1.6311 1.5815 1.5349 60 80 100 120 140 260 280 300 320 340 16 27 38 49 60 127 138 149 160 171 0.0765 0.0737 0.0711 0.0687 0.0664 0.0552 0.0537 0.0523 0.0510 0.0497 0.5208 0.5012 0.4829 0.4660 0.4503 0.3745 0.3644 0.3547 0.3456 0.3369 1.0442 1.0041 0.9670 0.9327 0.9007 0.7480 0.7275 0.7081 0.6898 0.6724 Properties: Speed of Sound Gases air, dry ammonia argon carbon dioxide carbon monoxide chlorine deuterium ethane ethylene helium hydrogen hydrogen bromide hydrogen chloride hydrogen iodide hydrogen sulfide illuminating (coal gas) methane neon nitric oxide nitrogen nitrous oxide oxygen sulfur dioxide m/sec 331 415 308 259 338 206 890 308 317 965 1284 200 206 157 289 453 430 435 324 334 263 316 213 1.5699 1.5085 1.4519 1.3997 1.3511 1.1202 1.0893 1.0601 1.0325 1.0063 ft/sec 1086 1362 1010 850 1109 676 2920 1010 1040 3166 4213 656 676 515 948 1486 1411 1427 1063 1096 863 1037 699 2.0974 2.0141 1.9375 1.8668 1.8013 1.4911 1.4497 1.4107 1.3737 1.3388 Air Density lbm/ft3 500 600 PSIA PSIA 700 PSIA 800 PSIA 900 PSIA 1000 PSIA 1100 PSIA 3.3525 3.1728 3.0135 2.8711 2.7429 4.0533 3.8295 3.6321 3.4567 3.2992 4.7628 4.492 4.2547 4.0447 3.857 5.4768 5.1594 4.8805 4.6347 4.4157 6.2031 5.8308 5.5086 5.2258 4.9748 6.9315 6.5051 6.1382 5.8175 5.5338 7.6632 7.1811 6.7684 6.409 6.092 2.1744 2.103 2.0364 1.9741 1.9156 2.6073 2.521 2.4405 2.3654 2.2948 3.0391 2.938 2.8432 2.7551 2.6725 3.4695 3.3529 3.2444 3.1432 3.0485 3.8985 3.7665 3.6439 3.5296 3.4228 4.3257 4.1783 4.0417 3.9144 3.7953 4.7509 4.5882 4.4375 4.2972 4.1658 2.6266 2.5205 2.4234 2.3339 2.2511 1.8606 1.8088 1.7599 1.7136 1.6698 Vapors 3.1569 3.0275 2.9093 2.8006 2.7001 2.2288 2.1666 2.1078 1.9997 2.0523 3.6879 3.5347 3.3949 3.2666 3.1482 2.5956 2.5231 2.4546 2.3897 2.6553 acetone benzene carbon tetrachloride chloroform ethanol ethyl ether methanol water 4.2191 4.0416 3.8798 3.7316 3.5951 2.9608 2.8779 2.7997 2.7256 2.6553 4.7502 4.5478 4.3637 4.1954 4.0406 3.3239 3.2306 3.1424 3.059 2.98 m/sec 230 202 145 171 269 206 335 494 5.2805 5.0529 4.8464 4.6577 4.4845 3.6846 3.4803 3.4819 3.389 3.3013 5.8098 5.5567 5.3274 5.1184 4.9265 4.0424 3.9264 3.8174 3.7147 3.6184 ft/sec 755 663 476 561 883 676 1099 1621 Note: the speed of sound in gases is measured at 32°F (0°C) except ethane and nitric oxide which is measured at 50°F (10°C). The speed of sound in vapors is measured at 206°F (97°C) except water which is measured at 270°F (134°C). A - 23 Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids This listing contains dielectric values for the most commonly used materials. This information can be used to help select a probe, establish how much capacitance information your particular application will develop, or determine the effect of a coating on the probe. Liquids Acenaphthene Acetal Acetaldehyde Acetaldoxime Acetamide Acetanilide Acetic Acid Acetic Anhydride Acetone Acetone Acetone Acetonitrile Acetophenone Acetoxime Acetylacetone Acetylbromide Acetylchloride Acetylmethyl Hexyl Ketone Acrylic Resin Aliphatic Amine Allyl Alcohol Allyl Bromide Allyl Chloride Allyl Iodide Allyl Isothiocyanate Alluminum Bromide Alluminum Oleate Alox 600 Aminox Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia, Aqueous Amyl Acetate Amyl Alcohol Amyl Alcohol Amyl Alcohol Amylamine Amyl Benzoate Amyl Bromide Amyl Chloride Amylene Amylene Bromide Amyl Ether Amyl Formate Amyl Iodide Amylmercapton Amyl Nitrate Amyl Thiocyanate Aniline Aniline Aniline Anisaldehyde Anisoldoxine Anisole Antimony Pentachloride Antimony Tribromide Antimony Trichloride Antimony Tricodide Arsenic Tribromide A - 24 Temperature °F °C 70 70 50 70 68 71 65 70 75 80 130 70 75 75 68 68 68 66 70 195 70 66 68 66 64 212 68 130 275 -30 -104 75 70 68 -180 68 140 72 68 50 52 70 58 60 66 62 68 62 68 32 68 212 68 145 68 68 212 166 347 98 21 21 10 21 20 22 18 21 24 27 54 21 24 24 20 20 20 19 20 90 21 19 20 19 18 100 20 54 135 -34 -75 24 21 20 -118 20 60 22 20 10 11 21 14 16 19 17 20 17 20 0 20 100 20 63 20 20 100 74 175 37 Dielectric Constant 3.0 3.6 22.2 3.4 4.0 2.9 6.1 22.0 20.7 20.7 17.7 37.5 17.3 3.0 23.1 16.5 15.8 27.9 3.0 7.2 21.0 7.0 8.2 6.1 17.5 3.4 2.4 4.1 2.4 22.4 25.0 16.9 16.8 5.0 35.5 15.8 11.2 4.6 5.1 6.3 6.6 2.0 5.6 3.1 5.7 6.9 4.7 9.1 17.4 7.8 7.3 5.5 15.8 9.2 4.3 3.2 20.9 33.0 13.9 9.0 Non-conductive materials are those with dielectric values less than 10. Conductive materials are those with dielectric values greater than 10. Liquids Arsenic Trichloride Arsenic Triiodide Arsine Asphalt Azoxyanisole Azoxybenzene BPA Beef Talo Benzal Chloride Benzaldehyde Benzaldoxime Benzene Benzil Benzonitrile Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzophenone Benzotrichloride Benzoylacetone Benzoyl Chloride Benzoyl Chloride Benzyl Acetate Benzyl Alcohol Benzylamine Benzyl Benzoate Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Cyanide Benzyl Ethylamine Benzyl Methylamine Benzyl Salicylate Bornyl Acetate Boron Bromide Boronyl Chloride Bromal Bromocotyl Bromide Bromohexadecane Bromine Bromo-2-Ethoxyheptane Bromoaniline Bromoanisole Bromobenzene Bromobutylene Bromobutyric Acid Bromodecane Bromodocosane Bromododocane Bromo-2-Othoxypentane Bromoform Bromoheptane Bromohexane Bromolsovoleric Acid Bromonaphtholene Bromooctodecane Bromopentaeocane Bromoproplonic Acid Bromotoluene Bromotridecone Bromoundecone Butadiene Butane N-Butylacetate Temperature °F °C 70 302 -58 75 122 104 68 70 68 68 68 68 202 68 160 68 122 68 68 158 75 70 68 68 68 68 68 68 67 68 70 32 202 70 68 76 68 68 66 86 68 68 68 76 130 76 76 68 76 76 68 66 86 68 68 68 50 15 77 30 66 21 150 -50 24 50 40 20 21 20 20 20 20 95 20 71 20 50 20 20 70 24 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 20 21 0 95 21 20 24 20 20 19 30 20 20 20 24 54 24 24 20 24 24 20 19 30 20 20 20 10 –9 25 –1 19 Dielectric Constant 12.4 7.0 2.7 2.7 2.3 5.1 5.0 2.8 6.9 17.0 3.8 2.3 13.0 26.0 22.0 13.0 11.4 7.4 3.8 22.1 19.0 5.0 13.0 4.6 4.8 6.4 18.3 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.6 2.6 5.2 7.6 12.6 3.7 3.1 5.5 13.0 7.1 5.4 5.8 7.2 4.4 3.1 4.1 6.5 4.4 5.3 5.8 6.5 5.1 3.5 3.9 11.0 5.1 4.2 4.7 2.4 1.4 5.1 Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.) Liquids Iso-Butylacetate Iso-Butylamine N-Butyl Alcohol Iso-Butyl Alcohol Iso-Butyl Alochol Iso-Butyl Alcohol Butylomine N-Butyl Bromide Butyl Chlorol Butyl Chloride N-Butyl Formate N-Butyl Iodide Iso-Butyl Iodide Iso-Butyl Nitrate Butyric Anhydride Butyroldehyda Butyric Acid N-Butyricacid Iso-Butyric Acid Butyric Anhydride Butyronitrile Iso-Butyronitrile Cable Oil Camphanedione Camphene Camphorpinacane Caproic Acid Caprolactum Caprylic Acid Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Carvenone Carveol Carvone Castor Oil Castor Oil Camphene Camphoric Imide Cetyl Iodide Chloral Hydrate Chlorocetic Acid Chlorine Chloroocelle Acid Chloroacetone Chlorobenzene Chlorobenzene Chlorocyclohexane Chloroheptane Chloroform Chlorohexanone oxime Chlorohydrate Chloronophtholene O-Chlorophenol 3-Chloro-1, Dihydroxprone Chlorooctane Chlorotoluene Cholestrol Chorine Chromyl Chloride Cis-3-Hexene Cinnamaldehyde Citranconic Anhydride Cocaine Copper Oleate Creosol O-Cresol M-Cresol P-Cresol Temperature °F °C 68 70 66 112 32 68 70 68 64 68 317 77 68 66 68 79 68 68 68 68 70 75 75 398 68 68 160 180 65 32 -110 68 68 68 64 71 58 75 104 480 68 59 140 32 68 68 68 212 76 71 32 192 68 76 66 68 76 68 80 170 68 76 75 68 68 68 62 75 75 75 20 21 19 45 0 20 21 20 18 20 158 25 20 19 20 26 20 20 20 20 21 24 24 203 20 20 71 82 18 0 -80 20 20 20 18 22 14 24 40 249 20 15 60 0 20 20 20 100 24 22 0 89 20 24 19 20 24 20 27 77 20 24 24 20 20 20 17 24 24 24 Dielectric Constant 5.6 4.5 7.8 31.7 20.5 18.7 5.4 6.6 10.0 9.6 2.4 6.1 5.8 11.9 12.0 13.4 2.8 2.9 2.7 12.9 20.7 20.8 2.2 16.0 2.7 3.6 2.6 13.1 3.2 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.2 18.4 11.2 11.0 4.8 2.6 2.3 5.5 3.3 5.5 12.3 2.0 21.0 29.8 5.9 4.7 7.6 5.5 5.5 3.0 3.3 5.0 8.2 31.0 5.1 4.7 2.9 1.7 2.6 2.1 16.9 40.3 3.1 2.8 10.6 5.8 5.0 5.6 Liquids Temperature °F °C Cresol 75 Crisco Oil 130 Crotonic Nitrice 68 Cumaldehyde 59 Cumene 68 Cumicaldehyde 58 Cupric Oxide 60 Cyanoacetic Acid 40 Cyanoethyl Acetate 68 Cyanogen 73 Cyclohedane 68 Cyclohexane 68 Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid 88 Cyclohexanone oxime 192 Cyclohexanemethanol 140 Cyclohexanone 68 Cyclohexylomine –5 Cyclohexylphenol 130 Cyclohexyltrifluoromethane -120 Cyclohexanol 77 Cyclopentane 68 P-Cymene 63 Cymene 62 Decahydronaphthalene 68 Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane 68 Decamethyltetrasiloxane 68 Decane 68 Decane 340 Decylene 62 Decyne 68 Decanol 68 Deuterium 68 Deuterium Oxide 76 Diacetoxybutane 76 Diallyl Sufide 68 Dibenzyl Sebacate 68 Dibroheptane 24 Dibromobenzene 68 P-Dibromobenzene 190 Dibromobutane 68 Dibromoethylene 32 Dibromomethane 50 Dibromoheptane 76 Dibromohexane 76 Dibromopropane 68 Dibromopropyl Alcohol 70 Dibenzylomine 68 Dibutyl phtolote 86 Dibutyl tartrote 109 Dichlorocetic Acid 68 Dibutyl sebacote 86 Dichlorocotone 68 O-Dichlorobenzone 77 P-Dichlorobenzone 68 O-Dichlorobenzene 68 Dichlorobenzene 127 1, 2-Dichloroethane 77 Dichloroethane 68 Dichlorostyrene 76 Dichlorotoluene 68 Dicyclohexyladipate 95 Diesel 70 1-Diethoxyethane 76 Diethyloniline 66 Diethyl Benzalmalamate 32 Diethyl Di-malmate 64 Diethyl Disulfide 64 Diethyl Glutarate 86 Diethyl Ketone 58 Diethyl-L-malate 68 24 54 20 15 20 14 16 4 20 23 20 20 31 89 60 20 –21 54 -84 25 20 17 17 20 20 20 20 171 17 20 20 20 24 24 20 20 -4 20 88 20 0 10 24 24 20 21 20 30 43 20 30 20 25 20 20 53 25 20 24 20 35 21 24 19 0 18 18 30 14 20 Dielectric Constant 5.0 2.2 28.0 11.0 2.4 10.7 18.1 33.0 19.3 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.6 3.0 9.7 18.2 5.3 4.0 11.0 15.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.8 2.7 2.2 8.1 1.3 78.3 6.6 4.9 4.6 5.1 8.8 4.5 5.7 7.7 7.8 5.1 5.0 4.3 9.1 3.6 6.4 9.4 10.7 4.5 14.0 7.5 2.9 7.5 2.8 10.7 16.7 2.6 6.9 4.8 1.9 3.8 5.5 8.0 10.2 15.9 6.7 17.3 9.5 A - 25 Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.) Liquids Diethyl Malanate Diethylamine Diethyl Oxalate Diethyl Oxalacetate Diethyl Racemote Diethyl Sebacate Diethyl Succinate Diethyl Succinosuccinate Diethyl Sulfide Diethyl Sulfite Diethyl Tortrate Diethyl Disulfide Dihydrocoroane Dihydrocorvane Diimylamine Diioomylene Diiodoethylene Diiodomethane Diisoomyl Diisobutylomine Dimethoxybenzene Dimethylbromoethylene Dimethyldichloro Silane Dimethyleyclohexyomine Dimethyloniline Dimethyl Ethyl Dimethyl Ethyl Carbinol Dimethylheptane Dimethyl-2-hexane Dimethyl-1-Hydroxybenzene Dimethyl Malanate Dimethyl Oxalate Dimethylpentane Dimethylquinoxaline Dimethyl Sulfide Dimethyl Sulfate D imethyltoluidine M-Dinitro Benzene Dinitrogen Oxide Dinitrogen Tetroxide Dioctyl phthalate Dioxane 1,4 Dipolmitin Dipentene Diphenyl Diphenylomine Diphenylethane Diphenyl Ether Diphenylmethane Diproppylomine Dipropyl Ketone Distearin Docosane Dodeanol Dodecamethylcyclohexisolox Dodecamethylpentasiloxane Dodecyne Dowtherm Epichlorohydrin Epon Resin Ethonediomine Ethanethiol Ethanethiolic Acid Ethanol Ethenolamine Ether Ethoxybenzene Ethoxyethyl Acetate Ethoxypentane Ethoxy-3-metylbutane A - 26 Temperature °F °C 70 68 70 66 68 86 86 66 68 68 68 66 66 66 64 62 180 76 62 71 73 68 68 180 68 68 68 68 68 62 68 68 68 76 68 68 68 68 32 58 76 77 161 68 166 125 230 82 62 70 62 172 122 76 68 68 76 70 68 75 68 58 68 77 68 75 68 86 73 68 21 20 21 19 20 30 30 19 20 20 20 19 19 19 18 17 82 24 17 22 23 20 20 82 20 20 20 20 20 17 20 20 20 24 20 20 20 20 0 14 24 25 72 20. 74 52 110 28 17 21 17 78 50 24 20 20 24 21 20 24 20 14 20 25 20 25 20 30 23 20 Dielectric Constant 7.9 3.7 8.2 6.1 4.5 5.0 6.6 2.5 7.2 15.9 4.5 15.9 8.7 8.5 2.5 2.4 4.0 5.3 2.0 2.7 4.5 6.7 12.3 4.4 4.4 11.7 11.7 1.9 2.4 4.8 10.4 3.0 1.9 2.3 6.3 55.0 3.3 2.8 1.6 2.5 5.1 2.2 3.5 2.3 2.5 3.3 2.4 3.9 2.6 2.9 12.6 3.3 2.0 6.5 2.6 2.5 2.2 3.4 22.9 13.3 14.2 6.9 13.0 24.3 37.0 4.3 4.2 7.6 3.6 4.0 Liquids Ethoxytoluene Ethoxynaphthalene Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Acetoacetate Ethyl Acetoneoxalate Ethyl Acetophenoneoxalate Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Acrylate Ethylamine Ethyl Amyl Ether Ethyloniline Ethyl Benzene Ethyl Benzoate Ethyl Benzoylacetate Ethyl Benzoylacetoacetate Ethyl Benzyl Ether Ethyl 1-Brombutyrate Ethyl Bromide Ethyl Bromoisobutyrate Ethyl Bromoproprionate Ethyl Butyrate Ethyl Carbonate Ethyl Chloracetate Ethyl Chloroformate Ethyl Chloropropionate Ethyl Cinnamate Ethyl Cyanoacetate Ethyl Cyclobutane Ethyl Dodeconoate Ethylene Ethylene Chloride Ethylene Chlorohydrin Ethylene Cyanide Ethylenediamine Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide Ethyl Ether Ethyl Ether Ethyl Ether Ethyl Ethoxybenzoate Ethyl Formate Ethyl Formylphenylacetate Ethyl Fumorate Ethyl Iodide Ethyl 2-Iodoproprionate Ethyl Iso-Thioconate Ethyl Isothiocyanate Ethyl Levulinate Ethyl Maleate Ethyl Mercoptan Ethyl Nitrate Ethyl Oleate Ethyl Polmitate Ethyl Pentane Ethyl Phenylacetate Ethyl Propionate Ethyl Solicylate Ethyl Silicate Ethyl Stearate Ethyl Toluene Ethyl Trichloroacetate Ethyl Thiocyanate Ethyl Undeconoate Ethyl Volerate Ethyl Benzene Etibine Eugenol Fenchone Ferric Oleate Ferrous Oxide Temperature °F °C 68 66 68 71 66 66 77 257 70 68 68 68 68 68 70 68 68 64 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 66 68 68 68 68 68 75 136 64 68 30 –148 –40 68 70 66 68 73 68 68 68 68 70 73 68 68 80 68 68 70 68 70 68 104 76 68 68 68 68 76 –58 64 68 68 60 20 19 20 22 19 19 25 125 21 20 20 0 20 20 21 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 24 58 18 20 –1 –100 –40 20 21 19 20 23 20 20 20 20 21 23 20 20 27 20 20 21 20 21 20 40 24 20 20 20 20 24 –50 18 20 20 16 Dielectric Constant 3.9 3.3 6.4 15.9 16.1 3.3 24.3 11.7 6.3 4.0 5.9 5.5 6.0 12.8 8.6 3.8 8.0 4.9 7.9 9.4 5.1 3.1 11.6 11.3 10.1 5.3 27.0 2.0 3.4 1.6 10.5 25.0 58.3 16.0 37.0 13.9 8.1 5.7 4.3 7.1 8.4 3.0 6.5 7.4 8.8 19.7 19.7 12.1 8.5 8.0 19.7 3.2 3.2 1.9 5.4 5.7 8.6 4.1 3.0 2.2 7.8 29.6 3.6 4.7 3.0 2.5 6.1 12.0 2.6 14.2 Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.) Liquids Temperature °F °C Ferrous Sulfate 58 Flexol 75 Flourine -332 Fluorotoluene 86 Formamide 68 Formic Acid 60 Freon 12 70 Freon 11 70 Freon 113 70 Furan 76 Furfuraldehyde 68 Furmanium Tetrachloride 76 Furfural 70 Gasoline 70 Germanium Tetrachloride 77 Grapeseed Oil 60 Glycerine 68 Glycerol 68 Glycerol 32 Glycerol Triacetate 70 Glycol 68 Glycol 122 Glycolic Nitrile 68 Guaiacol 0 Glucohepititol 248 Hagemannic Ester 68 Helium-3 58 Heptadecconome 140 Heptane 68 Heptanone 68 Heptanoic Acid 160 Heptyl Alcohol 70 Hexamethylene 75 Hexamethylene Diamine 150 Hexomethyldisiloxane 68 Hexane 68 Hexanol 76 Hexanone 59 Hexdecamethylcyloheptasiloxane 68 Hexyl Iodide 68 Hexylene 62 Hydrocyanic Acid 70 Hydrofluoric Acid 32 Hydrogen -423 Hydrogen Bromide 76 Hydrogen Chloride 82 Hydrogen Cyanide 70 Hydrogen Fluoride 32 Hydrogen Iodide 72 Hydrogen Peroxide 32 Hydrogen Sulfide –120 Hydrogen Sulfide 48 Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2-Pentanone 76 Hydroxymethylene Camphor 86 Hydroxymethylenebenzyl Cyanide 68 Hydrazine 68 Indanol 140 Ido-Iedohexodecane 68 Iodine 284 Iodohexane 68 Iodoheptane 71 Iodomethane 68 Iodotoluene 68 Isoamyl Alcohol 74 Iodooctane 76 Isoamyl Bromide 76 Isoamyl Butyrate 68 Isoamyl Chlorocetate 68 Isoamyl Chloride 64 Isoamyl Chloroformate 68 14 24 -20 30 20 16 21 21 21 24 20 24 21 21 25 16 20 20 0 21 20 50 20 –18 120 20 14 60 20 20 71 21 24 66 20 20 24 15 20 20 17 21 0 -253 24 28 21 0 22 0 –84 9 24 30 20 20 60 20 140 20 22 20 20 23 24 24 20 20 18 20 Dielectric Constant 14.2 5.3 1.5 4.2 84.0 58.5 2.4 3.1 2.6 2.9 41.9 2.4 42.0 2.0 2.4 2.9 47.0 43.0 47.2 6.0 42.2 35.6 27.0 11.0 27.0 10.6 1.1 5.3 1.9 11.9 2.6 6.7 14.1 6.0 2.2 1.9 13.3 14.6 2.7 6.6 2.0 2.3 83.6 1.2 3.8 4.6 95.4 84.0 2.9 84.2 9.3 5.8 18.2 5.2 6 52.9 7.8 3.5 11.0 5.4 4.9 7.0 6.1 15.3 4.6 6.1 3.9 7.8 6.4 7.8 Liquids Temperature °F °C Isoamyl Iodide 65 Isoamyl Propionate 68 Isoamyl Solicylate 68 Isoamyl Volerate 66 Isobutyl Acetate 68 Isobutyl Alcohol 68 Isobutylamine 70 Isobutyl Benzene 62 Isobutyl Benzoate 68 Isobutyl Bromide 68 Isobutyl Bulyrate 68 Isobutyl Chloride 68 Isobutyl Cyanide 74 Isobutyl Chloroformate 68 Isobutyl Formate 66 Isobutylene Bromide 68 Isobutyl Iodide 68 Isobutyl Nitrate 66 Isobutyl Rininoleate 70 Isobutyl Volerate 66 Isobutryic Acid 68 Isobutryic Anhydride 68 Isobutyronitrila 75 Isocopronitrilo 68 Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) 68 Isopropylamine 68 Isopropyl Benzene 68 Isopropylether 77 Isopropyl Nitrate 66 Isoquinoline 76 Isonofrol 70 IsoValeric Acid 68 Jet Fuel (Military—JP4) 70 Kerosene 70 Lactic Acid 66 Lactonitrilla 68 Lead Carbonate 60 Lead Nomoxide 60 Lead Oleate 64 Lead Tetrachloride 68 Lecithin 120 Lemon Oil 70 Limonene 68 Linseed Oil 55 Linoleic Acid 32 Lonone 65 Malonic Nitrate 97 Maleic Anhydride 140 Mannitol 71 Mandelic Nitrile 73 Mandenitrile 73 Menthol 107 Menthenol 110 Methallmine 77 Methoxyethyl Stearate 140 Mercury Diethyl 68 Mesitylene 68 Mesitylene 68 Mesityl Oxide 68 Methal Cyanacetate 69 Methane 32 Methane -280 Methanol 77 Methoxybenzene 76 Methoxytoluene 68 Methoxy-4-Methylphenol 60 Methyl Acetate 68 Methyl Acetopheononoaxalate 64 Methylal 68 Methyl Alcohol –112 18 20 20 20 20 20 21 17 20 20 20 20 23 20 18 20 20 19 21 19 20 20 24 20 20 20 20 25 19 24 21 20 21 21 19 20 16 16 18 20 49 21 20 13 0 18 36 60 22 23 23 42 43 25 60 20 20 20 20 21 0 -173 25 24 20 16 20 18 20 –80 Dielectric Constant 5.6 4.2 5.4 3.6 5.6 18.7 4.5 2.3 5.9 6.6 4.0 7.1 13.3 9.2 6.5 4.0 5.8 11.9 4.7 3.8 2.6 13.9 20.8 15.7 18.3 5.5 2.4 3.9 11.5 10.7 3.4 2.7 1.7 1.8 19.4 38.4 18.1 25.9 3.2 2.8 3.5 2.3 2.3 3.4 2.9 10.0 47.0 51.0 3.0 18.1 17.0 4.0 2.1 9.4 3.4 2.3 2.4 3.4 15.4 29.4 1.6 1.7 33.6 4.3 3.5 11.0 7.3 2.8 2.7 56.6 A - 27 Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.) Liquids Methyl Alcohol Methyl Alcohol Methylamine Methyl Benzoate Methyl Benzylamine Methyl Butane Methyl Butyl Ketone Methyl Butyrate Methyl Chloracetate Methyl Chloride Methyl Cyclohexonal Methyl Cyclohexanone Methyl Cyclopentane Methyl-1-Cyclopentanol Methylene Chloride Methylene Iodide Methyl Ether Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime Methyl Heptanol Methyl Hexane Methyl Kezyl Ketone Methyl Iodide Methyl-5 Ketocyclohexylene Methyl Nitrobenzoate Methyl Octane Methoxyphenol Methyl O-Methoxybenzoate Methyl-2, 4-Pentonddiol Methyl-2-Pentoene Methylphenyl Hydrazin Methyl Propionate Methyl Propyl Ketone Methyl p-toluate Methyl Salicylate Methyl Thiocyanate Methyl Trichloro Silane Methyl Tertiary-butyl Ether (MTBE) Methyl Volorate Metilox Mineral Oil Misella Monomyristin Monopalmitin Monostearin Nanene Naptha Napthalene Napthalene Napthonitrile Napthtyl Ethyl Ether Nitric Acid Nitroenisole Nitrobenzol Doxime Nitrobenzene Nitrobenzene Nitrobenzene Nitrobenzyl Alcohol Nitroethane Nitrogen Nitromethane Nitroglycerin Nitrosodimethylamine Nitrosyl Bromide Nitrosyl Chloride Nitrotoluene Nitrous Oxide Nonane O-Chlorophenol A - 28 Temperature °F °C 32 68 70 68 65 68 62 68 68 77 68 192 68 95 70 70 78 72 68 68 68 62 68 68 80 69 82 70 86 68 66 66 58 91 68 68 68 68 66 160 80 68 158 152 170 50 68 185 68 70 67 57 68 248 68 77 176 68 68 -203 68 68 68 4 10 68 32 68 66 0 20 21 20 18 20 17 20 20 25 20 89 20 35 20 21 26 22 20 20 20 17 20 20 27 21 28 21 30 21 19 19 14 33 20 20 20 20 19 71 27 20 70 67 77 10 20 85 20 21 19 14 20 120 20 25 80 20 20 -130 20 20 20 -16 -12 20 0 20 19 Dielectric Constant 37.5 33.1 10.5 6.6 4.4 1.8 12.4 5.6 12.9 12.9 13.0 18.0 2.0 6.9 9.3 5.1 5.0 18.4 3.4 5.3 1.9 10.7 7.1 24.0 27.0 30.0 11.0 7.8 24.4 13.1 7.3 5.4 16.8 4.3 9.0 35.9 6.8 2.6 4.3 4.5 2.1 1.9 6.1 5.3 4.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.5 6.4 3.2 40.0 24.0 48.1 36.1 34.9 26.3 22.0 19.7 1.5 39.4 19.0 54.0 13.4 18.2 25.0 1.6 2.0 8.2 Liquids Octadecanol Octamethyltrisiloxane Octanone Octane Octane Octyl Alcohol Octylene Octyl Iodide Octic Acid Oil, Almond Oil, Cottonseed Oil, Grapeseed Oil, Lemon Oil, Linseed Oil, Olive Oil, Paraffin Oil, Peanut Oil, Petroleum Oil, Pyranol Oil, Sesame Oil, Sperm Oil, Terpentine Oil, Transformer Oleic Acid Oxygen Palmitic Acid Paraffin Paraldehyde Peanut Oil Pentochloroethane Pentane Phenethiene Phenenthrene Phenetidine Phenetole Phenol Phenol Ether Phenol Isobuthyl Phenoxyacetylene Phenylacetaldehyde Phenylacetanitrile Phenylacetate Phenylacetic Phenylethanol Phenylethyl Acetate Phenylisocyanate Phenyliso-Thiocyanate Phosgene Phenyl-1-Iropane Phosphine Phosphorus Phenylsolicylate Phtholide Pinocolin Pinocone Pinane Piperidine Propane Propionoldehyde Propionic Acid Propionic Anhydride Propionitrile Propyl Acetate Propyl Alcohol Propyl Benzene Propyl Bromide Propyl Butyrate Propyl Cholorformate Propyl Ether Propyl Formate Temperature °F °C 136 68 68 68 76 64 65 68 68 68 57 61 70 55 68 68 52 68 68 55 68 68 68 68 -315 160 68 68 110 60 68 68 230 70 70 130 85 85 76 68 80 68 68 68 58 68 68 32 68 –76 93 122 166 62 75 68 68 32 62 66 60 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 78 66 58 20 20 20 24 18 18 20 20 20 14 16 21 13 20 20 11 20 20 13 20 20 20 20 -193 71 20 20 43 16 20 20 110 21 21 54 29 29 24 20. 27 20 20 20 14 20 20 0 20 –60 34 50 75 17 24 20 20 0 17 19 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 19 Dielectric Constant 3.4 2.3 10.3 2.0 2.1 3.4 4.1 4.9 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.3 3.4 3.1 2.2–4.7 3.0 2.1 5.3 3.0 3.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 1.5 2.3 2.2 14.5 3.5 3.7 1.8 2.8 2.7 7.3 4.5 8.8 9.8 14.9 4.8 4.8 18.0 6.9 3.0 13.0 4.5 8.9 10.7 4.7 2.7 2.5 4.1 6.3 36.0 12.8 7.4 2.7 5.9 1.6 18.9 3.1 18.0 27.7 6.3 21.8 2.4 7.2 4.3 11.2 3.4 7.9 Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.) Liquids Propyl Nitrate Propyl Propionate Propyl Volerate Prnopylene Pseudocumene Pulegone Pulezone Pyridine Pyroanol Oil Quinoline Quinoline Safrol Salicyladehyde Santowax Sealtherm 800 Sealtherm XLT Selenium Sesame Oil Silicon Tetrachloride Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Oleate Sorbitol Stannic Chloride Stearic Acid Styrene (phenylethene) Succinamide Succinic Acid Sulfur Dioxide Sulfurous Oxychloride Sulfur Monochloride Sulfur Trioxide Sulfuryl Chloride Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur Dioxide Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Oxychloride Sulfur Trioxide Tallow (Beef) Tallowamine Tartaric Acid Tartaric Acid Terpinene Terpineol Tetrobromiethone Tetrachloroethylene Tetradecamethylcycloheptas Tetraethyl Silicate Tetradecanal Tetraethyl Amylenetetrarar Tetraethyl Propane Tetracarboxylate Tetraethyl Propylene Tetracarboxylate Tetrahydro-B-Naphthol Tetratriocontadiene Tetronitrimethane Thioacetic Acid Thionyl Bromide Thionyl Chloride Thiophene Thiophosphoryl Chloride Tin Tetrochloride Titanium Tetrochloride Thujone Toluene Toluidine Tolunitrile Totane Tolyl Methyl Ether Trans-3-Hexane Transformer Oil Temperature °F °C 64 68 65 77 60 68 66 68 68 77 460 70 68 70 750 750 482 55 60 70 68 176 72 71 77 72 78 -4 72 58 64 72 752 245 32 68 72 70 68 108 68 58 70 68 68 70 68 68 100 66 66 66 68 70 68 68 68 68 68 70 68 68 32 68 68 73 111 68 76 68 18 20 18 25 16 20 19 20 20 25 238 21 20 21 400 400 250 13 16 20 20 80 22 160 25 22 26 -20 22 14 18 22 400 118 0 20 22 21 20 42 20 14 21 20 20 21 20 20 38 189 19 19 20 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 20 20 0 20 20 23 44 20 24 20 Dielectric Constant 14.2 4.7 4.0 1.9 2.4 9.5 9.7 12.5 5.3 9.0 5.1 3.1 13.9 2.3 2.2 2.3 5.4 3.0 2.4 80.0 2.7 33.5 3.2 2.3 2.4 2.9 2.4 17.6 9.1 4.8 3.1 10.0 3.4 3.5 15.6 84.0 9.2 3.6 2.8 2.6 6.0 35.9 2.7 2.8 7.1 2.5 2.7 4.1 4.7 4.4 5.2 5.2 11.0 2.8 2.2 13.0 9.1 9.3 2.8 5.8 2.9 2.8 10.0 2.4 6.0 18.8 5.5 3.5 2.0 2.2 Liquids Transmission Oil Trichloroethane Triethylamine Triethylamine Trifluoroacetic Acid Trinitrotoluene Triethyl Ethanetricarbox Trimethyl-3-Heptane Tribomopropane Tributylphosphate Trichloroacetic Acid Trichlorotoluene Trichloroethylene Trichloropropane Tricosanane Tricosyl Phosphate Triethyl Aconitate Triethylamine Triethylene Glycol (TEG) Triethyl Aluminum Triethyl Isoaconitate Trifluoroactic Acid Trifluorotoluene Triethylomine Trimethylbenzene Trimethylborate Trimethylbutane Trimethylpentane Trimethylsulfanilic Acid Trinitrobenzene Trinitrotoluene Triolein Tripolmitin Triphenylmethane Tristearin Turpentine Undecane Undecanone Urea Urethane Valaraldehyde Valeric Acid Valeronitrile Vanadium Oxybromide Vanadium Oxychloride Vanadium Tetrachloride Vegetable Oil Vegetable Oil Veratrol Vinyl Ether Water Water Water Water (Ultra-Clean, DI) Wax Xylene Xylenol Xylidine Temperature °F °C 80 68 75 39 68 68 66 68 68 86 141 70 61 76 176 104 68 70 70 68 68 68 86 39 68 68 68 68 64 68 69 76 140 212 158 68 68 58 71 74 58 62 70 78 78 78 100 230 73 68 32 68 212 68 100 68 62 68 27 20 24 4 20 20 19 20 20 30 61 21 16 24 80 40 20 21 21 20 20 20 30 4 20 20 20 20 18 20 21 24 60 100 70 20 20 14 22 23 14 17 21 26 26 26 38 110 23 20 0 20 100 20 38 20 17 20 Dielectric Constant 2.2 7.5 2.4 2.9 39.0 22.0 6.5 2.2 6.4 8.0 4.5 6.9 3.4 2.4 4.0 6.9 6.4 3.2 24.2 2.9 7.2 39.0 9.2 2.9 2.3 8.2 1.9 2.0 89.0 2.2 22.0 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.0 8.4 3.5 3.2 11.8 2.6 17.7 3.6 3.4 3.0 4.0 3.3 4.5 3.9 88.0 80.0 48.0 12–15 7.5 2.4 3.9 5.0 A - 29 Properties: Dielectric Constants of Solids Material Acetamide Acetanilide Acetic Acid Aluminum Phosphate Ammonium Bromide Ammonium Chloride Antimony Trichloride Asbestos Asphalt Bakelite Barium Chloride Barium Chloride Barium Nitrate Barium Sulfate Calcium Carbonate Calcium Fluoride Calcium Sulfate Cellulose Cellulose Acetate Cement Cereals Charcoal Cupric Oleafe Cupric Oxide Cupric Sulfate Diamond Diphenylethane Dolomite Ferrous Oxide Fly Ash Glass Iodine Lead Acetate Lead Carbonate Lead Chloride Lead Nomoxide Lead Nitrate Lead Oleate Lead Oxide Lead Sulfate Magnesium Oxide Malachite Mercuric Chloride Mercurous Chloride Mica Napthalane A - 30 Dielectric Constant 41.0 2.8 4.1 6.0 7.2 7.0 5.3 4.8 2.7 5.0 11.0 9.4 5.8 11.4 9.1 7.4 5.6 4.0 3.6–7.5 1.5–2.1 3.0–5.0 1.2–1.8 2.8 18.1 10.3 10.0 2.7 8.0 14.2 1.9–2.6 3.7–4.2 4.0 2.5 18.1 4.2 25.9 37.7 3.3 25.9 14.3 9.7 7.2 3.2 9.4 7.0 2.5 Material Nylon Paper Paraffin Phenonthrene Phenol Phosphorus, Red Phosphorus, Yellow Polyethylene Polypropylene Porcelain Potassium Aluminum Sulphate Potassium Carbonate Potassium Chlorate Potassium Chloride Potassium Chloronate Potassium Iodide Potassium Nitrate Potassium Sulfate Quartz Resorcinol Rice Rubber Sand Selinium Shellac Silver Bromide Silver Chloride Silver Cyanide Slate Sodium Carbonate Sodium Carbonate Sodium Chloride Sodium Nitrate Sodium Oleate Sodium Perchlorate Sulfur Sugar Sucrose Tantalum Oxide Thallium Chloride Thorium Oxide P-Toluidine Urea Zinc Sulfide Zirconium Oxide Teflon Dielectric Constant 3.7 2.0 2.2 2.8 4.3 4.1 3.6 4.0–5.0 1.5 5.0–7.0 3.8 5.6 5.1 5.0 7.3 5.6 5.0 5.9 4.4 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.0–5.0 11.0 3.5 12.2 11.2 5.6 7.0 8.4 5.3 6.1 5.2 2.8 5.4 3.4 3.0 3.3 11.6 46.9 10.6 3.0 3.5 8.2 12.5 2.0 Properties: Viscosity of Gases and Vapors The curves for hydrocarbon vapors and natural gases in the chart at the upper right are taken from Maxwell; the curves for all other gases (except helium) in the chart are based upon Sutherland’s formula, as follows: µ = µo where: )( ) ( 0.555 To + C 0.555 T + C T To ⁄2 Air .036 T = absolute temperature, in degrees Rankine (460 + deg. F) for which viscosity is desired. To = absolute temperature, in degrees Rankine, for which viscosity is known. C = Sutherland’s constant. Note: The variation of viscosity with pressure is small for most gases. For gases given on this page, the correction of viscosity for pressure is less than 10% for pressures up to 500 pounds per square inch. CO2 CO SO2 NH3 H2 O2 Helium µo = viscosity, in centipoise at temperature To. O2 Air N2 Viscosity of Various Gases .040 3 µ = viscosity, in centipoise at temperature T. Fluid Viscosity of various gases Approximate Values of “C” 127 120 111 N2 CO 2 SO 2 .032 .028 CO Sg =1.00 .024 H2 .016 .012 .008 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 t – Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit 370 72 Lower chart example: The viscosity of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) at about 80°F (26.7°) is 0.015 centipoise. HYDRO CARBON VAPOR AND N ATURAL GASES .020 240 118 416 Upper chart example: The viscosity of sulphur dioxide gas (SO2) at 200°F (93°C) is 0.016 centipoise. Sg = .5 NH3 Sg = .75 Viscosity of Refrigerant Vapors (saturated and superheated vapors) .019 CO .018 2 .017 .016 SO .015 .014 2 F-12 F-11 .013 CI CH 3 3 F-11 4 F-11 .012 .011 .010 .009 .008 .007 -40 NH 3 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 t – Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit A - 31 Properties: Viscosity of Water and Steam Temperature °F (°C) Saturated Water Saturated Steam 1000 (538) 850 (454) 950 900 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 32 (510) (482) (427) (399) (371) (343) (316) (288) (260) (232) (204) (177) (149) (121) ( 93) ( 66) (37.8) ( 10) ( 0) 1 PSIA 2 PSIA 5 PSIA .010 .010 .011 .667 .030 .029 .028 .026 .025 .024 .023 .022 .021 .020 .019 .018 .016 .015 .014 .013 .012 .011 .680 1.299 1.753 Values below the line are for water. .524 .030 .029 .028 .026 .025 .024 .023 .022 .021 .020 .019 .018 .016 .015 .014 .013 .012 .011 .680 1.299 1.763 Viscosity of Water and Steam – in Centipoise (µ) .388 10 PSIA .313 .012 .030 .030 .029 .029 .028 .028 .026 .026 .025 .025 .024 .024 .023 .023 .022 .022 .021 .021 .020 .020 .019 .019 .018 .018 .016 .016 .015 .015 .014 .014 .013 .013 .012 .427 .680 1.299 1.753 .012 .427 .680 1.299 1.753 20 PSIA .255 50 PSIA .197 .012 .026 .028 .026 .025 .027 .025 .024 .025 .024 .023 .024 .023 .022 .023 .022 .021 .022 .021 .020 .021 .020 .019 .020 .019 .017 .019 .017 .016 .017 .016 .015 .016 .015 .014 .015 .014 .013 .182 .228 .300 .228 .300 .427 .300 .427 .427 .680 .680 .1299 1.299 1.753 Properties: Viscosity of Various Liquids 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 2.0 Example: The viscosity of ammonia at 40°F is 0.14 centipoise. .029 .028 6.0 5.0 Carbon Dioxide ......................................................CO2 Ammonia ................................................................NH3 Methyl Chloride ......................................................CH3CI Sulphur Dioxide......................................................SO2 Freon 12 .................................................................F-12 Freon 114 ...............................................................F-114 Freon 11 .................................................................F-11 Freon 113 ...............................................................F-113 Ethyl Alcohol ..........................................................C2H5OH Isopropyl Alcohol ...................................................(CH3)2 CH20 20% Sulphuric Acid ...............................................20% H2SO4 Dowtherm E Dowtherm A 20% Sodium Hydroxide.........................................20% NaOH Mercury ..................................................................Hg 10% Sodium Chloride Brine ..................................10% NaCl 20% Sodium Chloride Brine ..................................20% NaCl 10% Calcium Chloride Brine .................................10% CaCl2 20% Calcium Chloride Brine .................................20% CaCl2 .030 .029 .028 1.753 .014 .030 .029 1.299 .164 .013 .030 .680 100 PSIA 1.753 200 PSIA .138 .015 .030 .029 .028 .027 .025 .024 .023 .022 .021 .020 .018 .017 .016 .152 .183 .228 .300 .427 .680 1.299 1.752 500 PSIA .111 .017 .030 .029 .028 .027 .026 .025 .023 .023 .021 .020 .018 .115 .131 .153 .183 .228 .300 .427 .680 1.299 1.751 .094 .019 .031 .030 .028 .027 .026 .025 .024 .023 .021 .019 .103 .116 .132 .154 .184 .229 .301 .428 .680 1.298 1.749 10 19 13 14 17 4.0 18 3.0 11 16 9 8 15 1.0 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 5 .4 3 .3 2 12 7 6 4 .2 1 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 -40 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 t – Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit A - 32 1000 PSIA Properties: Viscosity of Liquid Petroleum Products 4000 20 3000 21 19 2000 18 17 1. Ethane (C2H6) 1000 800 2. Propane (C3H8) 3. Butane (C4H10) 600 4. Natural Gasoline 400 300 5. Gasoline 6. Water 16 7. Kerosene 200 8. Distillate 9. 48 Deg. API Crude 13 100 80 10. 40 Deg. API Crude 11. 35.6 Deg. API Crude 60 12. 32.6 Deg. API Crude 12 40 13. Salt Creek Crude 30 14. Fuel 3 (Max.) 11 15 20 15. Fuel 5 (Min.) 14 16. SAE 10 Lube (100 V.I.) 17. SAE 30 Lube (100 V.I.) 10 10 8 6 18. Fuel 5 (Max.) or Fuel 6 (Min.) 8 19. SAE 70 Lube (100 V.I.) 4 20. Bunker C Fuel (Max.) and M.C. Residuum 9 3 7 2 21. Asphalt 6 1.0 .8 5 .6 .4 4 .3 3 .2 2 .1 .8 1 .6 .4 .3 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 t – Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit Example: The viscosity of water at 125°F is 0.52 centipoise (Curve No. 6). Note: Consult factory whenever viscosity of fluid exceeds 300 centipoise. A - 33 Pipe Data: Dimensions of Blind Flanges "O .D " "B.C" "D " "T" NOTE: Pressure ratings shown for forged steel flanges apply to all ASA/ANSI standard flanges. Cast Iron–125# Outside Nominal Dia. of Thickness Bolt Circle Dia. of Pipe “T” Flange “O.D” Size “BC” 1" 11/2" 2" 21/2" 3" 31/2" 4" 5" 6" 8" 41/4" 5" 6" 7" 71/2" 81/2" 9" 10" 11" 131/2" /16" /16" 5 /8" 11 /16" 3 /4" 13 /16" 15 /16" 15 /16" 1" 11/8" 7 9 31/8" 37/8" 43/4" 51/2" 6" 7" 71/2" 81/2" 91/2" 113⁄4" Dia. of No. of Bolt Holes Holes “D” 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 /8" /8" 3 /4" 3 /4" 3 /4" 3 /4" 3 /4" 7 /8" 7 /8" 7 /8" 5 5 Forged Steel – 150# Outside Dia. of Dia. of Nominal Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes Dia. of Pipe “T” Holes Flange “O.D.” “BC” “D” Size /2" ⁄4" 1" 11⁄2" 2" 21⁄2" 3" 31⁄2" 4" 5" 6" 8" 1 3 31⁄2" 37⁄8" 41⁄4" 5" 6" 7" 71⁄2" 81⁄2" 9" 10" 11" 131⁄2" ⁄16" ⁄2" 9 ⁄16" 11 ⁄16" 3 ⁄4" 7 ⁄8" 15 ⁄16" 15 ⁄16" 15 ⁄16" 15 ⁄16" 1" 1 ⁄8" 7 1 23⁄8" 23⁄4" 31⁄8" 37⁄8" 43⁄4" 51⁄2" 6" 7" 71⁄2" 81⁄2" 91⁄2" 113⁄4" 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 ⁄8" ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 5 5 Cast Iron–250# Outside Nominal Dia. of Thickness Bolt Circle Dia. of Pipe “T” Flange “O.D” Size “BC” 1" 11/2" 2" 21/2" 3" 31/2" 4" 5" 6" 8" 47/8" 61/8" 61/2" 71/2" 81/4" 9" 10" 11" 121/2" 15" ⁄16" ⁄16" 7 ⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 13⁄16" 11⁄4" 13⁄8" 17⁄16" 15⁄8" 11 13 31⁄2" 41⁄2" 5" 57⁄8" 65⁄8" 71⁄4" 77⁄8" 91⁄4" 105⁄8" 13" Dia. of No. of Bolt Holes Holes “D” 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 Forged Steel – 300# ⁄2" ⁄4" 1" 11⁄2" 2" 21⁄2" 3" 31⁄2" 4" 5" 6" 8" 33⁄4" 45⁄8" 47⁄8" 61⁄8" 61⁄2" 71⁄2" 81⁄4" 9" 10" 11" 121⁄2" 15" 1 3 ⁄16" ⁄8" 11 ⁄16" 13 ⁄16" 7 ⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 13⁄16" 11⁄4" 13⁄8" 17⁄16" 15⁄8" 9 5 25⁄8" 31⁄4" 31⁄2" 41⁄2" 5" 57⁄8" 65⁄8" 71⁄4" 77⁄8" 91⁄4" 105⁄8" 13" 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 Forged Steel – 600# /2" ⁄4" 1" 11⁄2" 2" 21⁄2" 3" 31⁄2" 4" 5" 6" 8" 3 A - 34 33⁄4" 45⁄8" 47⁄8" 61⁄8" 61⁄2" 71⁄2" 81⁄4" 9" 103⁄4" 13" 14" 161⁄2" ⁄16" ⁄8" 11 ⁄16" 7 ⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 11⁄4" 13⁄16" 11⁄2" 13⁄4" 17⁄8" 23⁄16" 9 5 25⁄8" 31⁄4" 31⁄2" 41⁄2" 5" 57⁄8" 65⁄8" 71⁄4" 81⁄2" 101⁄2" 11⁄2" 133⁄4" 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 ⁄8" ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 7 ⁄8" 3 ⁄4" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 1" 1" 11⁄8" 11⁄8" 11⁄4" 7 Outside Dia. of Dia. of Nominal Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes Dia. of Pipe “T” Holes Flange “O.D.” “BC” “D” Size Outside Dia. of Dia. of Nominal Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes Dia. of Pipe “T” Holes Flange “O.D.” “BC” “D” Size 1 ⁄4" ⁄8" 3 ⁄4" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 1" 3 5 3 .06 "T" 150# & 300# .25 "T" 600# & above ⁄8" ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 7 ⁄8" 3 ⁄4" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 1" 5 3 Pipe Data: Dimensions of Blind Flanges Forged Steel – 900# Forged Steel – 1500# Dia. of Dia. of Outside Nominal Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes Dia. of Pipe Holes “T” “D” “BC” Flange “O.D.” Size /2" ⁄4" 1" 11⁄2" 2" 21⁄2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 43⁄4" 51⁄8" 57⁄8" 7" 81⁄2" 95⁄8" 91⁄2" 111⁄2" 133⁄4" 15" 181⁄2" 1 3 ⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 11⁄4" 11⁄2" 15⁄8" 11⁄2" 13⁄4" 2" 23⁄16" 21⁄2" 31⁄4" 31⁄2" 4" 47⁄8" 61⁄2" 71⁄2" 71⁄2" 91⁄4" 11" 121⁄2" 151⁄2" 7 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 Dia. of Dia. of Outside Nominal Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes Dia. of Pipe “T” Holes “D” “BC” Flange “O.D.” Size ⁄8" ⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 1" 11⁄4" 13⁄8" 11⁄4" 11⁄2" 7 /2" ⁄4" 1" 11⁄2" 2" 21⁄2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 43⁄4" 51⁄8" 57⁄8" 7" 81⁄2" 95⁄8" 101⁄2" 121⁄4" 143⁄4" 151⁄2" 19" 1 7 3 ⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 11⁄4" 11⁄2" 15⁄8" 17⁄8" 21⁄8" 27⁄8" 31⁄4” 35⁄8" 7 31⁄4" 31⁄2" 4" 47⁄8" 61⁄2" 71⁄2" 8" 91⁄2" 111⁄2" 121⁄2" 151⁄2" 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 ⁄8" ⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 1" 11⁄8" 11⁄4" 13⁄8" 15⁄8" 11⁄2" 13⁄4" 7 7 Forged Steel – 2500# Outside Dia. of Dia. of Nominal Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes Dia. of Pipe Holes “T” Flange “O.D.” “BC” “D” Size /2" ⁄4" 1" 11⁄2" 2" 21⁄2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 51⁄4" 51⁄2" 61⁄4" 8" 91⁄4" 101⁄2" 12" 14" 161⁄2" 19" 213⁄4" 1 3 13⁄16" 11⁄4" 13⁄8" 13⁄4" 2" 21⁄4" 25⁄8" 3" 35⁄8" 41⁄4" 5” 31⁄2" 33⁄4" 41⁄4" 53⁄4" 63⁄4" 73⁄4" 9" 103⁄4" 123⁄4" 141⁄2" 171⁄4" 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 Pipe Data: Flange Ratings Flanges DIN versus ANSI ANSI Pressure Rating 125 lbs. 150 lbs. 300 lbs. 400 lbs. 600 lbs. 900 lbs. 1500 lbs. 2500 lbs. PN PN PN PN PN PN PN PN DIN 6 / PN 10 16 25 / PN 40 64 100 150 250 320 / PN 400 1" 11/2" 2" 21⁄2" 3" 4" 5" 6" ⁄8" ⁄8" 1" 11⁄4" 11⁄8" 11⁄4" 13⁄8" 15⁄8" 17⁄8" 21⁄8" 21⁄8" 7 7 ANSI .06 Temp. °F -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 304 SS 304L or 316L SS 310 SS 275 230 205 190 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 230 195 175 160 150 140 125 110 95 80 65 - 275 245 225 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 275 235 215 195 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 321 SS 347/ 348 SS 275 250 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 275 255 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 A105 Carp. Carbon 20SS Steel 285 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 290 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 - "T" 600# & above 150# & 300# Sizes DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN Class 150 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG) 316SS 316/ 316L SS Dual Grade .25 "T" 25 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 Type Flat Face Raised Face = Form B flange = Form C flange (Form E is smoother facing finish) Ring Joint Flange = Only for ANSI flanges DIN A DIN flange is never identical to an ANSI flange; the table at left is a guideline to find the most equivalent ANSI/DIN flange. DIN increments differ from country to country, the table refers to the German DIN standard. Materials Hast. C & Monel Grade Grade Grade Grade Hast. Inconel Incoloy Inconel F22 F11 F91 400 & Nickel F1 C1 1 625 & 800 B2 200 600 1 ⁄ 2 ⁄ 9 4 Cr4 CrCr1 405 ⁄2 Mo 1 Incoloy ⁄2 Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V 825 265 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 290 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 290 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 290 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 290 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 - 290 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 275 255 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 290 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 230 200 190 180 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 - 185 185 185 185 170 140 - Temp. °F. -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 A - 35 Pipe Data: Flange Ratings (cont.) Class 300 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG) Temp. °F -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 304 SS 304L or 316L SS 310 SS 316SS 316/ 316L SS Dual Grade 720 600 540 495 465 440 430 420 415 405 395 390 380 355 325 255 205 165 135 115 95 75 60 40 600 510 455 420 395 370 365 360 355 345 340 - 720 635 580 540 515 495 485 480 470 465 460 450 385 365 355 260 190 135 105 75 60 45 35 25 720 620 560 515 480 450 440 435 425 420 420 415 385 365 360 305 235 185 145 115 95 75 60 40 321 SS 347/ 348 SS 720 650 595 550 515 485 475 465 460 450 445 440 385 365 360 310 235 186 140 110 85 65 50 40 720 660 615 575 540 515 505 495 490 485 485 450 385 365 360 325 275 205 180 140 105 75 60 40 A105 Carp. Carbon 20SS Steel 740 680 655 635 605 570 550 530 505 410 320 230 135 85 - 750 740 710 680 655 605 590 570 530 510 - Materials Hast. C & Monel Grade Grade Grade Grade Hast. Incoloy Inconel 400 & Nickel Inconel F22 F11 F91 F1 C1 1 & 625 B2 200 800 600 1 405 ⁄2 Mo 11 ⁄4 Cr- 2 ⁄4 Cr- 9 CrIncoloy ⁄2 Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V 825 695 695 685 660 640 605 590 570 530 510 485 450 280 165 - 750 750 720 695 665 605 590 570 530 510 485 450 320 215 145 95 65 40 - 750 750 730 705 665 605 590 570 530 510 485 450 385 265 175 110 70 40 - 750 750 730 705 665 605 590 570 530 510 485 450 385 365 360 300 225 145 - 750 750 730 705 665 605 590 570 530 510 - 750 750 730 700 665 605 590 570 530 510 485 450 385 365 360 325 275 205 165 120 - 720 665 640 620 600 590 580 570 530 510 485 450 385 365 360 325 275 205 145 70 55 40 35 25 750 750 730 705 665 605 590 570 530 510 485 450 365 240 155 105 75 70 - 600 525 490 475 475 475 475 470 465 460 375 275 - 480 480 480 480 455 415 - Temp. °F. -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 110 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 Class 600 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG) Materials Temp. °F 304 SS 304L or 316L SS -20 to 100 1440 1200 200 1200 1020 300 1075 910 400 995 840 500 930 785 600 885 745 650 865 730 700 845 720 750 825 705 800 810 690 850 790 675 900 780 950 765 1000 710 1050 650 1100 515 1150 410 1200 330 1250 265 1300 225 1350 185 1400 150 1450 115 1500 85 - A - 36 310 SS 316SS 316/ 316L SS Dual Grade 1440 1440 1270 1240 1160 1120 1085 1025 1025 955 990 900 970 885 955 870 940 855 930 845 915 835 900 830 775 775 725 725 705 720 520 610 375 475 275 370 205 295 150 235 115 190 90 150 65 115 50 85 321 SS 347/ 348 SS 1440 1295 1190 1105 1030 975 950 930 915 900 895 885 775 725 720 625 475 320 280 220 170 130 105 75 1440 1325 1235 1150 1085 1030 1015 995 985 975 970 900 775 725 720 645 550 410 365 275 205 150 115 85 A105 Carp. Carbon 20SS Steel Hast. C & Monel Grade Grade Grade Grade Hast. Inconel Incoloy Inconel 400 & Nickel F22 F11 F91 F1 C1 1 625 & B2 200 800 600 1 405 ⁄2 Mo 11 ⁄4 Cr- 2 ⁄4 Cr- 9 CrIncoloy ⁄2 Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V 825 1480 1360 1310 1265 1205 1135 1100 1060 1015 825 640 460 275 170 - 1395 1395 1375 1325 1285 1210 1175 1135 1065 1015 975 900 560 330 - 1500 1485 1420 1365 1310 1210 1175 1135 1065 1015 - 1500 1500 1445 1385 1330 1210 1175 1135 1065 1015 975 900 640 430 290 190 130 80 - 1500 1500 1455 1410 1330 1210 1175 1135 1065 1015 975 900 775 535 350 220 135 80 - 1500 1500 1455 1410 1330 1210 1175 1135 1065 1015 975 900 775 725 720 605 445 290 - 1500 1500 1455 1410 1330 1210 1175 1135 1065 1015 - 1500 1500 1455 1395 1330 1210 1175 1135 1065 1015 975 900 775 725 720 645 550 410 330 240 - 1440 1330 1275 1240 1205 1175 1155 1135 1065 1015 975 900 775 725 720 645 550 410 290 135 110 75 70 55 1500 1200 1500 1050 1455 980 1410 945 1330 945 1210 945 1175 945 1135 940 1065 930 1015 915 975 755 900 550 725 480 310 205 150 135 - 960 960 960 960 905 825 - Temp. °F. -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 Pipe Data: Flange Ratings (cont.) Class 900 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG) Materials Temp. °F -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 304 SS 304L or 316L SS 310 SS 316SS 316/ 316L SS Dual Grade 2160 1800 1615 1490 1395 1325 1295 1265 1240 1215 1190 1165 1145 1065 975 770 615 495 400 340 280 225 175 125 1800 1535 1370 1260 1180 1115 1095 1080 1060 1035 1015 - 2160 1910 1740 1625 1540 1485 1455 1435 1410 1395 1375 1350 1160 1090 1060 780 565 410 310 225 175 135 100 75 2160 1860 1680 1540 1435 1355 1325 1305 1280 1265 1255 1245 1160 1090 1080 915 710 555 440 350 290 225 175 125 321 SS 347/ 348 SS 2160 1945 1785 1655 1545 1460 1425 1395 1375 1355 1340 1325 1160 1090 1080 935 710 555 420 330 255 195 155 115 2160 1985 1850 1730 1625 1550 1520 1490 1475 1460 1455 1350 1160 1090 1080 965 825 620 545 410 310 225 175 125 A105 Carp. Carbon 20SS Steel 2220 2035 1965 1900 1810 1705 1650 1590 1520 1235 955 690 410 255 - 2250 2225 2130 2045 1965 1815 1765 1705 1595 1525 - Hast. C & Monel Grade Grade Grade Grade Hast. Inconel Incoloy Inconel F22 F11 F91 400 & Nickel F1 C1 1 625 & 800 B2 200 600 1 ⁄ 2 ⁄ 4 Cr4 CrCr9 1 405 ⁄2 Mo 1 Incoloy ⁄2 Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V 825 2090 2090 2060 1985 1925 1815 1765 1705 1595 1525 1460 1350 845 495 - 2250 2250 2165 2080 1995 1815 1765 1705 1595 1525 1460 1350 955 650 430 290 195 125 - 2250 2250 2185 2115 1995 1815 1765 1705 1595 1525 1460 1350 1160 800 525 330 205 125 - 2250 2250 2185 2115 1995 1815 1765 1705 1595 1525 1460 1350 1160 1090 1080 905 670 430 - 2250 2250 2185 2115 1995 1815 1765 1705 1595 1520 - 2250 2250 2185 2095 1995 1815 1765 1705 1595 1525 1460 1350 1160 1090 1080 965 825 615 495 360 - 2160 1995 1915 1860 1805 1765 1735 1705 1595 1525 1460 1350 1160 1090 1080 965 825 620 430 205 165 115 105 80 2250 2250 2185 2115 1995 1815 1765 1705 1595 1525 1460 1350 1090 720 465 310 225 205 - 1800 1575 1470 1420 1420 1420 1420 1410 1395 1375 1130 825 - 1440 1440 1440 1440 1360 1240 - Temp. °F. -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 Class 1500 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG) Materials Temp. °F -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 304 SS 304L or 316L SS 310 SS 316SS 316/ 316L SS Dual Grade 3600 3000 2690 2485 2330 2210 2160 2110 2065 2030 1980 1945 1910 1770 1630 1285 1030 825 670 565 465 380 290 205 3000 2555 2280 2100 1970 1860 1825 1800 1765 1730 1690 - 3600 3185 2905 2710 2270 2470 2425 2390 2350 2330 2290 2245 1930 1820 1765 1305 934 685 515 375 290 225 165 130 3600 3095 2795 2570 2390 2255 2210 2170 2135 2110 2090 2075 1930 1820 1800 1525 1185 925 735 585 480 380 290 205 321 SS 347/ 348 SS 3600 3240 2975 2760 2580 2435 2375 2330 2290 2255 2230 2210 1930 1820 1800 1560 1185 925 705 660 430 325 255 190 3600 3310 3085 2880 2710 2580 2530 2485 2460 2435 2425 2245 1930 1820 1800 1610 1370 1030 910 685 515 380 290 205 A105 Carp. Carbon 20SS Steel Hast. C & Monel Grade Grade Grade Grade Hast. Inconel Incoloy Inconel F22 F11 F91 400 & Nickel F1 C1 1 625 & B2 200 800 600 1 ⁄ 2 ⁄ 9 CrCr4 4 Cr1 405 ⁄2 Mo 1 Incoloy ⁄2 Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V 825 3705 3395 3270 3170 3015 2840 2745 2655 2535 2055 1595 1150 685 430 - 3480 3480 3435 3310 3210 3025 2940 2840 2660 2540 2435 2245 1405 825 - 3750 3710 3550 3410 3275 3025 2940 2840 2660 2540 - 3750 3750 3610 3465 3325 3025 2940 2840 2660 2540 2435 2245 1595 1080 720 480 325 205 - 3750 3750 3640 3530 3325 3025 2940 2840 2660 2540 2435 2245 1930 1335 875 550 345 205 - 3750 3750 3640 3530 3325 3025 2940 2840 2660 2540 2435 2245 1930 1820 1800 1510 1115 720 - 3750 3750 3640 3530 3325 3025 2940 2840 2660 2540 - 3750 3750 3640 3490 3325 3025 2940 2840 2660 2540 2435 2245 1930 1820 1800 1610 1370 1030 825 600 - 3600 3325 3190 3095 3010 2940 2890 2840 2660 2540 2435 2245 1930 1820 1800 1610 1370 1030 720 345 275 190 170 135 3750 3750 3640 3530 3325 3025 2940 2840 2660 2540 2435 2245 1815 1200 770 515 375 345 - 3000 2630 2450 2365 2365 2365 2365 2350 2330 2290 1885 1370 - 2400 2400 2400 2400 2270 2065 - Temp. °F. -20 to 200 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 A - 37 Pipe Data: Flange Ratings (cont.) Class 2500 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG) Materials Temp. °F -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 304 SS 304L or 316L SS 310 SS 316SS 316/ 316L SS Dual Grade 6000 5000 4480 4140 3880 3680 3600 3520 3440 3380 3300 3240 3180 2950 2715 2145 1715 1370 1115 945 770 630 485 345 5000 4260 3800 3500 3280 3100 3040 3000 2940 2880 2820 - 6000 5300 4840 4520 4280 4120 4040 3980 3920 3880 3820 3745 3220 3030 2945 2170 1570 1145 855 630 485 370 275 215 6000 5160 4660 4280 3980 3760 3680 3620 3560 3520 3480 3460 3220 3030 3000 2545 1970 1545 1230 970 800 630 485 345 321 SS 347/ 348 SS 6000 5400 4960 4600 4300 4060 3960 3880 3820 3760 3720 3680 3220 3030 3000 2600 1970 1545 1170 915 715 545 430 315 6000 5520 5140 4800 4520 4300 4220 4140 4100 4060 4040 3745 3220 3030 3000 2685 2285 1715 1515 1145 860 630 485 345 A105 Carp. Carbon 20SS Steel Hast. C & Monel Grade Grade Grade Grade Hast. Inconel Incoloy Inconel F22 F11 F91 400 & Nickel F1 C1 1 625 & 800 B2 200 600 1 ⁄ 2 ⁄ 9 4 Cr4 CrCr1 405 ⁄2 Mo 1 Incoloy ⁄2 Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V 825 6170 5625 5450 5280 5025 4730 4575 4425 4230 3430 2655 1915 1145 715 - 5805 5805 5725 5520 5350 5040 4905 4730 4430 4230 4060 3745 2345 1370 - 6250 6180 5920 5680 5460 5040 4905 4730 4430 4230 - ANSI Flange Bolting Dimensions for Stud Bolts (inches) Nominal Pipe Size ⁄2" 1 ⁄4" 3 1" 11⁄4" 11⁄2" 2" 21⁄2" 3 31⁄2" 4" 5" 6" 8" Flange Face RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ RF RTJ 150# Diam. ⁄2" 1 ⁄2" 1 ⁄2" 1 ⁄2" 1 ⁄2" 1 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 Length 2.25 —— 2.50 —— 2.50 3.00 2.75 3.25 2.75 3.25 3.25 3.75 3.50 4.00 3.50 4.00 3.50 4.00 3.50 4.00 3.75 4.25 4.00 4.50 4.25 4.75 Diam 300# ⁄2" 1 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄4" 3 ⁄8" 5 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄8" 7 Length 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.50 3.00 3.50 3.25 3.75 3.50 4.00 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.50 4.25 4.75 4.25 5.00 4.50 5.00 4.75 5.25 4.75 5.50 5.50 6.00 Diam ⁄2" 1 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄8" 5 ⁄4" 3 ⁄8" 5 ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 1 1 11⁄8" 6250 6250 6015 5775 5540 5040 4905 4730 4430 4230 4060 3745 2655 1800 1200 800 545 345 - 6250 6250 6070 5880 5540 5040 4905 4730 4430 4230 4060 3745 3220 2230 1455 915 570 345 - 6250 6250 6070 5880 5540 5040 4905 4730 4430 4230 4060 3745 3220 3030 3000 2515 1855 1200 - 6250 6250 6070 5880 5540 5040 4905 4730 4430 4230 - ANSI Pressure Class 600# Length 3.00 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.75 3.75 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.75 4.75 5.00 5.00 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 6.50 6.50 6.75 6.75 7.25 7.75 Diam ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 1 ⁄8" 7 1 ⁄8" 7 —— 11⁄8" 11⁄4 " 11⁄8" 13⁄8" 6250 6250 6070 5820 5540 5040 4905 4730 4430 4230 4060 3745 3220 3030 3000 2685 2285 1715 1370 1000 - 900# Length 4.25 4.25 4.50 4.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 6.25 6.25 5.75 5.75 —— —— 6.75 6.75 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.75 8.75 8.75 6000 5540 5320 5160 5020 4900 4820 4730 4430 4230 4060 3745 3220 3030 3000 2685 2285 1715 1200 570 455 315 285 230 6250 6250 6070 5880 5540 5040 4905 4730 4430 4230 4060 3745 3030 2000 1285 855 630 570 - 5000 4380 4080 3940 3940 3940 3940 3920 3880 3820 3145 2285 - 1500# Diam ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄8" 7 ⁄8" 7 1 ⁄8" 7 1 11⁄8" —— 11⁄4" 11⁄2" 13⁄8" 15⁄8" Length 4.25 4.25 4.50 4.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 6.25 6.25 7.00 7.00 —— —— 7.75 7.75 9.75 9.75 10.25 10.50 11.50 12.75 Temp. °F. 4000 4000 4000 4000 3780 3440 - -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 2500# Diam ⁄4" 3 ⁄4" 3 ⁄8" 7 1 11⁄8" 1 11⁄8" 11⁄4 " —— 11⁄2 " 13⁄4" 2 2 Length 4.75 4.75 5.00 5.00 5.50 5.50 6.00 6.00 6.75 6.75 7.00 7.00 7.75 8.00 8.75 9.00 —— —— 10.00 10.25 11.75 12.25 16.50 14.00 15.00 15.50 *3MHP Type torqued to 20 ft. ib. with Buna-N gasket Service Ratings of Tri-Clamp Connections TEMP (°F) 70 250 400 1"/1.5" 1500 1200 950 2" 1000 800 725 RF flanges 150# and 300# class, RF-0.06”; 600# and greater, RF=0.25” A - 38 Pressure Rating (PSI) 2.5" 3" 1000 1000 800 800 N/A N/A 4" 1000 800 450 5" 300 200 N/A Pipe Data: Plastic Flange Ratings Temperature (°F) PVC 73 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 400 CPVC 150 93 60 33 — — — — — — — — — Pipe Data: Cast Iron Pipe Cast Iron Pipe–ASA Standard Pipe Size 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 Pipe O.D. 3.96 4.80 6.90 9.05 11.10 13.20 15.30 17.40 19.50 21.60 25.80 Class 50 50 PSIG WALL 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.48 0.54 0.54 0.57 0.63 I.D. 3.32 4.10 6.14 8.23 10.22 12.24 14.34 16.32 18.42 20.46 24.54 Cast Iron Pipe–AWWA Standard Pipe Size 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 72 84 Pipe Size 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 Class A 100 Ft. 43 PSIG PVDF (Kynar®) 150 127 97 75 60 37 30 — — — — — — Class 100 100 PSIG WALL 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.58 0.62 0.68 I.D. Material 150 150 150 150 133 115 97 80 60 43 25 — — 3.32 4.10 6.14 8.23 10.22 12.24 14.28 16.32 18.34 20.36 24.44 Class 150 150 PSIG WALL 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.58 0.62 0.73 I.D. 3.32 4.10 6.14 8.23 10.22 12.24 14.28 16.32 18.34 20.36 24.34 Class B 200 Ft. 86 PSIG PTFE (Teflon®) Fiberglass (1” to 3”) Fiberglass (4”) 15 13 11 10 8 — — — — — — — — Class 200 200 PSIG I.D. WALL 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.55 0.58 0.63 0.67 0.79 3.32 4.10 6.14 8.23 10.22 12.24 14.20 16.24 18.24 20.26 24.22 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 — — — — — Class 250 250 PSIG I.D. WALL 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.52 0.59 0.63 0.68 0.72 0.79 Class C 300 Ft. 130 PSIG 3.32 4.10 6.14 8.23 10.22 12.16 14.12 16.14 18.14 20.16 24.22 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 — — — — — Class 300 300 PSIG I.D. WALL 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.48 0.51 0.59 0.68 0.73 0.78 0.85 3.32 4.10 6.14 8.23 10.14 12.16 14.12 16.04 18.04 20.04 24.10 Class 350 350 PSIG I.D. WALL 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.52 0.56 0.64 0.68 0.79 0.84 0.92 3.32 4.10 6.14 8.23 10.06 12.08 14.02 16.04 17.92 19.92 23.96 Class D 400 Ft. 173 PSIG O.D. 3.80 4.80 6.90 9.05 11.10 13.20 15.30 17.40 19.50 21.60 25.80 31.74 37.96 44.20 50.50 56.66 62.80 75.34 87.54 WALL 0.39 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.50 0.54 0.57 0.60 0.64 0.67 0.76 0.88 0.99 1.10 1.26 1.35 1.39 1.62 1.72 I.D. 3.02 3.96 6.02 8.13 10.10 12.12 14.16 16.20 18.22 20.26 24.28 29.98 35.98 42.00 47.98 53.96 60.02 72.10 84.10 O.D. 3.96 5.00 7.10 9.05 11.10 13.20 15.30 17.40 19.50 21.60 25.80 32.00 38.30 44.50 50.80 57.10 63.40 75.00 88.54 WALL 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.51 0.57 0.62 0.66 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.89 1.03 1.15 1.28 1.42 1.55 1.67 1.95 2.22 I.D. 3.12 4.10 6.14 8.03 9.96 11.96 13.98 16.00 18.00 20.00 24.02 29.94 36.00 41.94 47.96 54.00 60.06 72.10 84.10 O.D. 3.96 5.00 7.10 9.30 11.40 13.50 15.65 17.80 19.92 22.06 26.32 32.40 38.70 45.10 51.40 57.80 64.20 76.88 – WALL 0.45 0.48 0.51 0.56 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.80 0.87 0.92 1.04 1.20 1.36 1.54 1.71 1.90 2.00 2.39 – I.D. 3.06 4.04 6.08 8.18 10.16 12.14 14.17 16.20 18.18 20.22 24.22 30.00 39.98 42.02 47.98 54.00 60.20 72.10 – O.D. 3.96 5.00 7.10 9.30 11.40 13.50 15.65 17.80 19.92 22.06 26.32 32.74 39.16 45.58 51.98 58.40 64.82 – – WALL 0.48 0.52 0.55 0.60 0.68 0.75 0.82 0.89 0.96 1.03 1.16 1.37 1.58 1.78 1.96 2.23 2.38 – – I.D. 3.00 3.96 6.00 8.10 10.04 12.00 14.01 16.02 18.00 20.00 24.00 30.00 36.00 42.02 48.06 53.94 60.06 – – O.D. 7.22 9.42 11.60 13.78 15.98 18.16 20.34 22.54 26.90 33.10 39.60 WALL 0.58 0.66 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.98 1.07 1.15 1.31 1.55 1.80 I.D. 6.06 8.10 10.12 12.14 14.18 16.20 18.20 20.24 24.28 30.00 36.00 O.D. 7.22 9.42 11.60 13.78 15.98 18.16 20.34 22.54 26.90 33.46 40.04 WALL 0.61 0.71 0.80 0.89 0.99 1.08 1.17 1.27 1.45 1.73 2.02 I.D. 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 24.00 30.00 36.00 O.D. 7.38 9.60 11.84 14.08 16.32 18.54 20.78 23.02 27.76 – – WALL 0.65 0.75 0.86 0.97 1.07 1.18 1.28 1.39 1.75 – – I.D. 6.08 8.10 10.12 12.14 14.18 16.18 18.22 20.24 24.26 – – O.D. 7.38 9.60 11.84 14.08 16.32 18.54 20.78 23.02 27.76 – – WALL 0.69 0.80 0.92 1.04 1.16 1.27 1.39 1.51 1.88 – – I.D. 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 24.00 – – Class E 500 Ft. 217 PSIG Class F 600 Ft. 260 PSIG Class G 700 Ft. 304 PSIG Class H 800 Ft. 347 PSIG A - 39 Pipe Data: Steel Pipe Cross-sectional Area Inside Wall Thickness, Diameter, in. in. Flow, ft2 Metal, in2 Circumference, ft., or surface, ft2/ft of length Capacity at 1-ft/s velocity U.S. gal/ lb/h water min Nominal Pipe Size, in. Outside Diameter, in. ⁄8 0.405 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S .049 .068 .095 .307 .269 .215 .055 .072 .093 .00051 .00040 .00025 .106 .106 .106 .0804 .0705 .0563 .231 .179 .113 115.5 89.5 56.5 .19 .24 .31 ⁄4 0.540 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S .065 .088 .119 .410 .364 .302 .097 .125 .157 .00092 .00072 .00050 .141 .141 .141 .107 .095 .079 .412 .323 .224 206.5 161.5 112.0 .33 .42 .54 ⁄8 0.675 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S .065 .091 .126 .545 .493 .423 .125 .167 .217 .00162 .00133 .00098 .177 .177 .177 .143 .129 .111 .727 .596 .440 363.5 298.0 220.0 .42 .57 .74 ⁄2 0.840 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 160 XX .065 .083 .109 .147 .188 .294 .710 .674 .622 .546 .464 .252 .158 .197 .250 .320 .385 .504 .00275 .00248 .00211 .00163 .00117 .00035 .220 .220 .220 .220 .220 .220 .186 .176 .163 .143 .122 .066 1.234 1.112 0.945 0.730 0.527 0.155 617.0 556.0 472.0 365.0 263.5 77.5 .54 .67 .85 1.09 1.31 1.71 3 ⁄4 1.050 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 160 XX .065 .083 .113 .154 .219 .308 .920 .884 .824 .742 .612 .434 .201 .252 .333 .433 .572 .718 .00461 .00426 .00371 .00300 .00204 .00103 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .241 .231 .216 .194 .160 .114 2.072 1.903 1.665 1.345 0.917 0.461 1036.0 951.5 832.5 672.5 458.5 230.5 0.69 0.86 1.13 1.47 1.94 2.44 1 1.315 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 160 XX .065 .109 .133 .179 .250 .358 1.185 1.097 1.049 0.957 0.815 0.599 .255 .413 .494 .639 .836 1.076 .00768 .00656 .00600 .00499 .00362 .00196 .344 .344 .344 .344 .344 .344 .310 .287 .275 .250 .213 .157 3.449 2.946 2.690 2.240 1.625 0.878 1725 1473 1345 1120 812.5 439.0 0.87 1.40 1.68 2.17 2.84 3.66 11⁄4 1.660 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 160 XX .065 .109 .140 .191 .250 .382 1.530 1.442 1.380 1.278 1.160 0.896 0.326 0.531 0.668 0.881 1.107 1.534 .01277 .01134 .01040 .00891 .00734 .00438 .435 .435 .435 .435 .435 .435 .401 .378 .361 .335 .304 .235 5.73 5.09 4.57 3.99 3.29 1.97 2865 2545 2285 1995 1645 985 1.11 1.81 2.27 3.00 3.76 5.21 11⁄2 1.900 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 160 XX .065 .109 .145 .200 .281 .400 1.770 1.682 1.610 1.500 1.338 1.100 0.375 0.614 0.800 1.069 1.429 1.885 .01709 .01543 .01414 .01225 .00976 .00660 .497 .497 .497 .497 .497 .497 .463 .440 .421 .393 .350 .288 7.67 6.94 6.34 5.49 4.38 2.96 3835 3465 3170 2745 2190 1480 1.28 2.09 2.72 3.63 4.86 6.41 2 2.375 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80ST, 80S 160 XX .065 .109 .154 .218 .344 .436 2.245 2.157 2.067 1.939 1.687 1.503 0.472 0.776 1.075 1.477 2.195 2.656 .02749 .02538 .02330 .02050 .01552 .01232 .622 .622 .622 .622 .622 .622 .588 .565 .541 .508 .436 .393 12.34 11.39 10.45 9.20 6.97 5.53 6170 5695 5225 4600 3485 2765 1.61 2.64 3.65 5.02 7.46 9.03 21⁄2 2.875 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 160 XX .083 .120 .203 .276 .375 .552 2.709 2.635 2.469 2.323 2.125 1.771 0.728 1.039 1.704 2.254 2.945 4.028 .04003 .03787 .03322 .02942 .02463 .01711 .753 .753 .753 .753 .753 .753 .709 .690 .647 .608 .556 .464 17.97 17.00 14.92 13.20 11.07 7.68 8985 8500 7460 6600 5535 3840 2.48 3.53 5.79 7.66 10.01 13.69 3 3.500 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 160 XX .083 .120 .216 .300 .438 .600 3.334 3.260 3.068 2.900 2.624 2.300 0.891 1.274 2.228 3.016 4.213 5.466 .06063 .05796 .05130 .04587 .03755 .02885 .916 .916 .916 .916 .916 .916 .873 .853 .803 .759 .687 .602 27.21 26.02 23.00 20.55 16.86 12.95 13,605 13,010 11,500 10,275 8430 6475 3.03 4.33 7.58 10.25 14.32 18.58 31⁄2 4.0 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S .083 .120 .226 .318 3.834 3.760 3.548 3.364 1.021 1.463 2.680 3.678 .08017 .07711 .06870 .06170 1.047 1.047 1.047 1.047 1.004 0.984 0.929 0.881 35.98 34.61 30.80 27.70 17,990 17,305 15,400 13,850 3.48 4.97 9.11 12.50 4 4.5 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 120 160 XX .083 .120 .237 .337 .438 .531 .674 4.334 4.260 4.026 3.826 3.624 3.438 3.152 1.152 1.651 3.17 4.41 5.58 6.62 8.10 .10245 .09898 .08840 .07986 .07170 .06647 .05419 1.178 1.178 1.178 1.178 1.178 1.178 1.178 1.135 1.115 1.054 1.002 0.949 0.900 0.825 46.0 44.4 39.6 35.8 32.2 28.9 24.3 23,000 22,200 19,800 17,900 16,100 14,450 12,150 3.92 5.61 10.79 14.98 19.00 22.51 27.54 1 1 3 1 A - 40 Schedule No. Outside Inside Weight of plain-end pipe, lb/ft Conversion Table Pipe Data: Steel Pipe (cont.) Nominal Pipe Size, in. Outside Diameter, in. 6 6.625 8 8.625 5 5.563 10 10.75 12 12.75 14 14 16 16 Schedule No. 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80SX, 80S 120 160 XX 5S 10S 40ST, 40S 80XS, 80S 120 160 XX 5S 10S 20 30 40ST, 40S 60 80XS, 80S 100 120 140 XX 160 Cross-sectional Area Inside Wall Thickness, Diameter, in. in. Flow, ft2 Metal, in2 .109 .134 .258 .375 .500 .625 .750 5.345 5.295 5.047 4.813 4.563 4.313 4.063 .109 .148 .250 .277 .322 .406 .500 .594 .719 .812 .875 .906 8.407 8.329 8.125 8.071 7.981 7.813 7.625 7.437 7.187 7.001 6.875 6.813 .109 .134 .280 .432 .562 .719 .864 5S 10S 10 20 30, ST 40 XS 60 80 100 120 140 160 0.156 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.438 0.500 0.594 0.750 0.938 1.094 1.250 1.406 13.688 13.624 13.500 13.376 13.250 13.124 13.000 12.812 12.500 12.124 11.812 11.500 11.188 0.165 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.656 .3855 .3784 .3601 .3553 .3474 .3329 .3171 .3017 .2817 .2673 .2578 .2532 4.47 5.49 8.25 10.07 11.91 16.10 18.95 22.66 26.27 30.63 34.02 10.482 10.420 10.250 10.136 10.020 9.750 9.562 9.312 9.062 8.750 8.500 5S 10S 10 20 30, ST 40, XS 60 2.915 3.941 6.578 7.265 8.399 10.48 12.76 14.99 17.86 19.93 21.30 21.97 2.23 2.73 5.58 8.40 10.70 13.34 15.64 .134 .165 .250 .307 .365 .500 .594 .719 .844 1.000 1.125 0.156 0.180 0.250 0.330 0.375 0.406 0.500 0.562 0.688 0.844 1.000 1.125 1.312 .1558 .1529 .1390 .1263 .1136 .1015 .0900 6.407 6.357 6.065 5.761 5.501 5.187 4.897 5S 10S 20 30 40ST, 40S 80S, 60XS 80 100 120 140, XX 160 5S 10S 20 30 ST, 40S 40 XS, 80S 60 80 100 120, XX 140 160 1.87 2.29 4.30 6.11 7.95 9.70 11.34 12.438 12.390 12.250 12.090 12.000 11.938 11.750 11.626 11.374 11.062 10.750 10.500 10.126 15.670 15.624 15.500 15.376 15.250 15.000 14.688 6.17 7.11 9.82 12.88 14.58 15.74 19.24 21.52 26.07 31.57 36.91 41.09 47.14 6.78 8.16 10.80 13.42 16.05 18.66 21.21 25.02 31.22 38.49 44.36 50.07 55.63 8.21 9.34 12.37 15.38 18.41 24.35 31.62 .2239 .2204 .2006 .1810 .1650 .1467 .1308 .5993 .5922 .5731 .5603 .5475 .5185 .4987 .4729 .4479 .4176 .3941 .8438 .8373 .8185 .7972 .7854 .7773 .7530 .7372 .7056 .6674 .6303 .6013 .5592 1.0219 1.0125 0.9940 0.9750 0.9575 0.9397 0.9218 0.8957 0.8522 0.8017 0.7610 0.7213 0.6827 1.3393 1.3314 1.3104 1.2985 1.2680 1.2272 1.1766 Outside Inside Capacity at 1-ft/s velocity U.S. gal/ lb/h water min 1.734 1.734 1.734 1.734 1.734 1.734 1.734 1.677 1.664 1.588 1.508 1.440 1.358 1.282 100.5 98.9 90.0 81.1 73.9 65.9 58.7 2.744 2.728 2.685 2.655 2.620 2.550 2.503 2.438 2.372 2.291 2.225 269.0 265.8 257.0 252.0 246.0 233.0 223.4 212.3 201.0 188.0 177.0 134,500 132,900 128,500 126,000 123,000 116,500 111,700 106,150 100,500 94,000 88,500 15.19 18.65 28.04 34.24 40.48 54.74 64.43 77.03 89.29 104.13 115.64 459 454 446 438 430 422 414 402 382 360 342 324 306 229,500 227,000 223,000 219,000 215,000 211,000 207,000 201,000 191,000 180,000 171,000 162,000 153,000 23.07 27.73 36.71 45.61 54.57 63.44 72.09 85.05 106.13 130.85 150.79 170.21 189.11 Circumference, ft., or surface, ft2/ft of length 1.456 1.456 1.456 1.456 1.456 1.456 1.456 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.258 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 3.665 4.189 4.189 4.189 4.189 4.189 4.189 4.189 1.399 1.386 1.321 1.260 1.195 1.129 1.064 2.201 2.180 2.217 2.113 2.089 2.045 1.996 1.947 1.882 1.833 1.800 1.784 3.26 3.24 3.21 3.17 3.14 3.13 3.08 3.04 2.98 2.90 2.81 2.75 2.65 3.58 3.57 3.53 3.50 3.47 3.44 3.40 3.35 3.27 3.17 3.09 3.01 2.93 4.10 4.09 4.06 4.03 3.99 3.93 3.85 69.9 68.6 62.3 57.7 51.0 45.5 40.4 34,950 34,300 31,150 28,850 25,500 22,750 20,200 173.0 169.8 161.5 159.4 155.7 149.4 142.3 135.4 126.4 120.0 115.7 113.5 86,500 84,900 80,750 79,700 77,850 74,700 71,150 67,700 63,200 60,000 57,850 56,750 378.7 375.8 367.0 358.0 352.5 349.0 338.0 331.0 316.7 299.6 283.0 270.0 251.0 601 598 587 578 568 550 528 50,250 49,450 45,000 40,550 36,950 32,950 29,350 189,350 187,900 183,500 179,000 176,250 174,500 169,000 165,500 158,350 149,800 141,500 135,000 125,500 300,500 299,000 293,500 289,000 284,000 275,000 264,000 Weight of plain-end pipe, lb/ft 6.36 7.77 14.62 20.78 27.04 32.96 38.55 7.60 9.29 18.97 28.57 36.39 45.34 53.16 9.93 13.40 22.36 24.70 28.55 35.64 43.39 50.95 60.71 67.76 72.42 74.69 20.98 24.17 33.38 43.77 49.56 53.52 65.42 73.15 88.63 107.32 125.49 139.67 160.27 27.90 31.75 42.05 52.27 62.58 82.77 107.50 A - 41 Pipe Data: Steel Pipe (cont.) Nominal Pipe Size, in. Outside Diameter, in. 18 18 20 20 24 24 30 30 Schedule No. 80 100 120 140 160 5S 10S 10 20 ST 30 XS 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 5S 10S 10 20, ST 30, XS 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 5S 10, 10S 20, ST XS 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 5S 10, 10S ST 20, XS 30 Cross-sectional Area Inside Wall Thickness, Diameter, in. in. Flow, ft2 Metal, in2 0.844 1.031 1.219 1.438 1.594 14.312 13.938 13.562 13.124 12.812 40.19 48.48 56.61 65.79 72.14 1.1171 1.0596 1.0032 0.9394 0.8953 0.188 0.218 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.594 0.812 1.031 1.281 1.500 1.750 1.969 19.624 19.564 19.500 19.250 19.000 18.812 18.376 17.938 17.438 17.000 16.500 16.062 11.70 13.55 15.51 23.12 30.63 36.21 48.95 61.44 75.33 87.18 100.3 111.5 2.1004 2.0878 2.0740 2.0211 1.9689 1.9302 1.8417 1.7550 1.6585 1.5763 1.4849 1.4071 29.500 29.376 29.259 29.000 28.750 23.37 29.10 34.90 46.34 57.68 0.165 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.438 0.500 0.562 0.750 0.938 1.156 1.375 1.562 1.781 0.218 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.562 0.688 0.969 1.219 1.531 1.812 2.062 2.344 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.625 17.670 17.624 17.500 17.376 17.250 17.124 17.000 16.876 16.500 16.124 15.688 15.250 14.876 14.438 23.564 23.500 23.250 23.000 22.876 22.624 22.062 21.562 20.938 20.376 19.876 19.312 9.25 10.52 13.94 17.34 20.76 24.16 27.49 30.79 40.64 50.28 61.17 71.82 80.66 90.75 16.29 18.65 27.83 36.90 41.39 50.39 70.11 87.24 108.1 126.3 142.1 159.5 1.7029 1.6941 1.6703 1.6468 1.6230 1.5993 1.5763 1.5533 1.4849 1.4180 1.3423 1.2684 1.2070 1.1370 3.0285 3.012 2.948 2.885 2.854 2.792 2.655 2.536 2.391 2.264 2.155 2.034 4.746 4.707 4.666 4.587 4.508 Circumference, ft., or surface, ft2/ft of length Outside Inside 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.712 4.63 4.51 4.58 4.55 4.52 4.48 4.45 4.42 4.32 4.22 4.11 3.99 3.89 3.78 4.189 4.189 4.189 4.189 4.189 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 5.236 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 6.283 7.854 7.854 7.854 7.854 7.854 3.75 3.65 3.55 3.44 3.35 5.14 5.12 5.11 5.04 4.97 4.92 4.81 4.70 4.57 4.45 4.32 4.21 6.17 6.15 6.09 6.02 5.99 5.92 5.78 5.64 5.48 5.33 5.20 5.06 7.72 7.69 7.66 7.59 7.53 Capacity at 1-ft/s velocity U.S. gal/ lb/h water min 501 474 450 422 402 250,500 237,000 225,000 211,000 201,000 943 937 930 902 883 866 826 787 744 707 665 632 471,500 467,500 465,000 451,000 441,500 433,000 413,000 393,500 372,000 353,500 332,500 316,000 764 760 750 739 728 718 707 697 666 636 602 569 540 510 1359 1350 1325 1295 1281 1253 1192 1138 1073 1016 965 913 2130 2110 2094 2055 2020 382,000 379,400 375,000 369,500 364,000 359,000 353,500 348,500 333,000 318,000 301,000 284,500 270,000 255,000 679,500 675,000 662,500 642,500 640,500 626,500 596,000 569,000 536,500 508,000 482,500 456,500 1,065,000 1,055,000 1,048,000 1,027,500 1,010,000 Weight of plain-end pipe, lb/ft 136.61 164.82 192.43 223.64 245.25 31.43 35.76 47.39 58.94 70.59 82.15 93.45 104.67 138.17 170.92 207.96 244.14 274.22 308.50 39.78 46.06 52.73 78.60 104.13 123.11 166.40 208.87 256.10 296.37 341.09 397.17 55.37 63.41 94.62 125.49 140.68 171.29 238.35 296.58 367.39 429.39 483.12 542.13 79.43 98.93 118.65 157.53 196.08 5S, 10S, and 40S are extracted from Stainless Steel Pipe, ANSI B36.19–1976, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York. ST = standard wall, XS = extra strong wall, XX = double extra strong wall, and Schedules 10 through 160 are extracted from Wrought-Steel and Wrought-Iron Pipe, ANSI B36.10–1975. Decimal thicknesses for respective pipe sizes represent their nominal or average wall dimensions. Mill tolerances as high as ± 121⁄2 percent are permitted. A - 42 2016 PRODUCT LINE CATALOGUE Corporate Headquarters & Manufacturing Facility 705 Enterprise Street Aurora, Illinois 60504-8149 USA Tel: +1-630-969-4000 – Fax: +1-630-969-9489 e-mail: [email protected] Direct Offices European Headquarters & Manufacturing Facility Heikensstraat 6 9240 Zele, Belgium Tel: +32-(0)52-45.11.11 – Fax: +32-(0)52-45.09.93 e-mail: [email protected] Canada 705 Enterprise Street, Aurora, Illinois 60504-8149 USA Tel. +1-905-738-9600 – e-mail: [email protected] Brazil Manufacturing Facility Av. 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Magnetrol® and Magnetrol® logotype are registered trademarks of Magnetrol® International Russia 198095, Saint-Petersburg, Marshala Govorova street, house 35A, office 427 Tel. +7 812 320 70 87 – e-mail: [email protected] 41-111