Constantly aware of that speed sensation; Rotational speed sensor

Rotational speed sensor
Constantly aware of that
speed sensation
Compact and easy to design in, our KMI magnetoresistive sensors provide simple and
cost-effective solutions for all your rotational speed measurement needs. They meet the high
EMC, reliability and temperature range requirements of the automotive sector, and are available
in a range of options to maximize design freedom.
Key benefits
Ñ Wide air gap between sensor and target
Ñ Speed detection down to 0 Hz
Ñ Very low jitter
Ñ Wide frequency range
Ñ Insensitive to vibrations
Ñ Temperature range: -40 to +150 ºC
Ñ Prepared for injection moulding
Key applications
Ñ ABS
Ñ Engine management
Ñ Gearbox
Ñ Transmission systems
Ñ Vehicle speed
Ñ DC motor commutation
Accurate rotational speed measurement is a vital component
in maintaining performance, safety and reliability in modern
vehicles. It forms the basis of numerous applications from anti-lock
braking to engine management systems, and opens the way for
embedding intelligence throughout the car with the introduction
of advanced X-by-wire networks and control systems.
NXP’s KMI family of magnetoresistive (MR) rotational speed
sensors provides a solution for all applications. Designed
specifically to meet the needs of automotive systems,
they are complete, ready-to-use modules comprising sensor,
back-biasing magnet and advanced signal conditioning IC.
Enabling maximum design flexibility, the devices are available
with a choice of output signals and individually magnetized
back-biasing magnets.
“ Ears “ to fix the position
of the sensor chip during
moulding process
MR-sensor
Extra thick leadframe material
for robustness, bendable
Conditioning IC
Conditioning IC
Component detail of the KMI20
How to measure rotation with MR sensors
The KMI sensors are designed to sense the motion of ferrous gear wheels or of magnetized targets. A periodic magnetic field
stemming from the effect of flux bending by ferrous gear wheels or directly from magnetized targets will be transformed by
a MR sensor into an analog electrical signal. The frequency of this signal is proportional to the rotational speed of the target.
gear wheel or rack
magnetic field lines
direction of motion
magnetic field lines
S
magnet
magnetized target
N
sensor
current
(a)
(b)
(c)
14 mA
(d)
S
V
t
sensor
amplifier,
comparator
7 mA
position
N
MBE073
msc655
A subsequent integrated circuit transforms the analogue into a digital output signal. The output level is independent of the sensing distance within the
measurement range.
Back-biasing magnets, individually magnetized
for each sensor
Ñ L arge (8.0 x 8.0 x 4.5 mm) – for maximum air gap
between sensor and ferrous targets
Ñ Medium (5.5 x 5.5 x 3.0 mm) – for use with ferrous
targets where space is limited
Ñ Small (3.8 x 2.0 x 0.8 mm) – for magnetized targets,
stabilizing the inherently bi-stable MR sensor
KMIXY/1
mbh778
Output signals
For high flexibility in the design of the subsequent signal
conditioning electronics, the KMI sensors are available
with:
Ñ a digital current output signal (2-wire)
Ñ an open collector output signal (3-wire)
KMIXY/4
mbh779
KMIXY/2
mbh777
KMI15 – 7/14 mA current output (2-wire)
KMI18 – open collector output (3-wire)
CONSTANT
CURRENT
SOURCE
SENSOR
SENSOR
AMPLIFIER
SCHMITT
TRIGGER
SWITCHABLE
CURRENT
SOURCE
VCC
VOLTAGE CONTROL
VCC
VOLTAGE CONTROL
SCHMITT
TRIGGER
AMPLIFIER
Vout
open collector
output
VGND
mra958
mgl348
The MR sensor signal is amplified, temperature compensated and passed to a Schmitt trigger.
KMI20 – 7/14 mA current output (2-wire), extended air gap
VOLTAGE CONTROL
CONSTANT
CURRENT
SOURCE
VCC
ICC
T
SENSOR
ADJUSTABLE
AMPLIFIER
OFFSET
CANCELLATION
SMART
COMPARATOR
SWITCHABLE
CURRENT
SOURCE
14 mA
V-
Fc = 0 Hz
7 mA
tp
DIGITAL CONTROL UNIT
ON-CHIP
OSCILLATOR
mra960
mbl238
The MR sensor signal is fed into the conditioning IC. The offset, gain and
hysteresis are digitally adapted to ensure an exceptional air gap capability.
7/14 mA output signal as a function of time
Product overview
Sensor type
typ. sensing distance (mm)
Tooth frequency (Hz)
Target
Interface
Magnet size (mm)
KMI15/1
0.9 - 2.9
0 - 25.000
note 1
Current
8 x 8 x 4.5
KMI15/2
0.5 - 2.7
0 - 25.000
note 2
Current
3.8 x 2 x 0.8
KMI15/4
0.5 - 2.3
0 - 25.000
note 1
Current
5.5 x 5.5 x 3
KMI18/1
0.9 - 2.9
0 - 25.000
note 1
Open collector
8 x 8 x 4.5
KMI18/2
0.5 - 2.7
0 - 25.000
note 2
Open collector
3.8 x 2 x 0.8
KMI18/4
0.5 - 2.3
0 - 25.000
note 1
Open collector
5.5 x 5.5 x 3
KMI20/1
0.9 - 3.5*
0 - 2.500
note 1
Current
8 x 8 x 4.5
KMI20/2
0.5 - 3.2*
0 - 2.500
note 2
Current
3.8 x 2 x 0.8
KMI20/4
0.5 - 2.8*
0 - 2.500
note 1
Current
5.5 x 5.5 x 3
* + 1 mm dynamic reserve | note 1 - ferrous target | note 2 - magnetized target
Advantages by design
MR sensors offer a uniquely versatile combination of features
and important cost benefits. Based on the MR effect,
specifically designed sensors for angle and linear displacement
measurements are also available from NXP, as are solutions for
weak field detection.
R = R0 $ R0 cos2 A
M
ag
ne
tiz
H
at
io
n
Permalloy
A
Current
I
mlc127
The magnetoresistive effect in permalloy
NXP sensors are based on the MR effect, where the resistance
of a current-carrying magnetic material, for example a permalloy
(19% Fe, 81% Ni) changes under the influence of an external
magnetic field. If an external field is applied, in the plane of the
current flow, the internal magnetization vector will rotate by the
angle of this field, changing the resistance of the material.
The MR sensor consists of four sensitive resistors in a
Wheatstone bridge configuration, with each resistor arranged
to maximize sensitivity and minimize temperature influences.
Such a Wheatstone bridge design along with the inherent
benefits of MR technology provides several advantages:
Ñ reduction of temperature drift
Ñ independent of mechanical assembly tolerances / shifts
Ñ maximum signal output
Ñ reduction of non-linearity
Tipical sensor bridge structure
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NXP Semiconductors is in the process of being established as a separate legal entity in various countries worldwide. This process will be finalized in the course of 2006.
© 2006 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The
Date of release: September 2006
information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable
Document order number: 9397 750 15731
and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication
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