LTM8003 40VIN, 3.5A Step-Down µModule Regulator Features Description Complete Step-Down Switch Mode Power Supply nn Wide Input Voltage Range: 3.4V to 40V nn Wide Output Voltage Range: 0.97V to 18V nn Wide Temperature Range: –40°C to 150°C (H-Grade) nn 3.5A Continuous Output Current, 6A peak nn FMEA Compliant Pinout Output Stays at or Below Regulation Voltage During Adjacent Pin Short or if a Pin Is Left Floating nn Selectable Switching Frequency: 200kHz to 3MHz nn External Synchronization nn Low Quiescent Current: 25µA (5V OUT) nn Programmable Soft-Start nn Tiny, Low Profile 6.25mm × 9mm × 3.32mm RoHS Compliant BGA Package The LTM®8003 is a 40VIN, 3.5A step-down µModule® (power module) regulator. Included in the package are the switching controller, power switches, inductor, and all support components. Operating over an input voltage range of 3.4V to 40V, the LTM8003 supports an output voltage range of 0.97V to 18V and a switching frequency range of 200kHz to 3MHz, each set by a single resistor. Only the input and output filter capacitors are needed to finish the design. nn Applications The low profile package enables utilization of unused space on the bottom of PC boards for high density point of load regulation. The LTM8003 is packaged in a thermally enhanced, compact over-molded ball grid array (BGA) package suitable for automated assembly by standard surface mount equipment. The LTM8003 is RoHS compliant. L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology, the Linear logo, µModule and Burst Mode are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Automotive Battery Regulation Power for Portable Products nn Distributed Supply Regulation nn Industrial Supplies nn Wall Transformer Regulation nn nn Typical Application 5VOUT from 7VIN to 40VIN Step-Down Converter Efficiency, VOUT = 5V 95 LTM8003 VIN 85 RUN 4.7µF VOUT BIAS RT 41.2k 1MHz GND SYNC FB 24.3k 47µF VOUT 5V 3.5A 6A PEAK EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 7V TO 40V 8003 TA01a 75 65 VIN = 12V PINS NOT USED IN THIS CIRCUIT: TR/SS, PG 55 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 8003 TA01 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 1 LTM8003 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2) Maximum Internal Temperature (I-Grade) ............ 125°C Maximum Internal Temperature (H-Grade) .......... 150°C Storage Temperature (I-Grade) ............................ 125°C Storage Temperature (H-Grade) ............ –50°C to 150°C Peak Reflow Solder Body Temperature ................ 260°C VIN, RUN, PG Voltage ............................................... 42V VOUT, BIAS Voltage .................................................. 19V FB, TR/SS Voltage ..................................................... 4V SYNC Voltage ............................................................. 6V Pin Configuration TOP VIEW ADJUSTABLE VERSION TOP VIEW FIXED OUTPUT VERSION SYNC TR/SS SYNC TR/SS GND A GND A RT GND RT GND RUN RUN B B PG PG C C BANK2 VIN D BANK2 VIN D BANK 1 GND BANK 1 GND E NC E NC FB F F BIAS BIAS G G BANK 3 VOUT BANK 3 VOUT H H 1 2 3 4 5 1 6 2 3 4 5 6 BGA PACKAGE 48-LEAD (9mm × 6.25mm × 3.32mm) BGA PACKAGE BGA PACKAGE 48-LEAD (9mm × 6.25mm × 3.32mm) BGA PACKAGE TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 23.5°C/W, θJCbottom = 3.2°C/W θJCtop = 17.9°C/W, θJB = 3.1°C/W, WEIGHT = 0.5g θ VALUES DETERMINED PER JEDEC51-9, 51-12 TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 23.5°C/W, θJCbottom = 3.2°C/W θJCtop = 17.9°C/W, θJB = 3.1°C/W, WEIGHT = 0.5g θ VALUES DETERMINED PER JEDEC51-9, 51-12 Order Information (http://www.linear.com/product/LTC8003#orderinfo) PART MARKING* PART NUMBER TERMINAL FINISH DEVICE FINISH CODE PACKAGE TYPE MSL RATING LTM8003IY#PBF SAC305 (RoHS) LTM8003 e1 BGA 3 –40°C to 125°C LTM8003HY#PBF SAC305 (RoHS) LTM8003 e1 BGA 3 –40°C to 150°C LTM8003-3.3IY#PBF SAC305 (RoHS) LTM8003-3.3 e1 BGA 3 –40°C to 125°C LTM8003-3.3HY#PBF SAC305 (RoHS) LTM8003-3.3 e1 BGA 3 –40°C to 150°C • Consult Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *Device temperature grade is indicated by a label on the shipping container. Pad or ball finish code is per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-609. • Terminal Finish Part Marking: www.linear.com/leadfree 2 TEMPERATURE RANGE • Recommended BGA PCB Assembly and Manufacturing Procedures: www.linear.com/umodule/pcbassembly • BGA Package and Tray Drawings: www.linear.com/packaging 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TJ = 25°C. VIN = 12V, RUN = 2V, unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP Minimum Input Voltage VIN Rising Output DC Voltage LTM8003, RFB Open LTM8003, RFB = 5.62kΩ, VIN = 40V LTM8003-3.3 MAX Peak Output DC Current VOUT = 3.3V, fSW = 1MHz Quiescent Current into VIN RUN = 0V BIAS = 0V, No Load, SYNC = 0V, Not Switching 3 8 µA µA Quiescent Current into BIAS BIAS = 5V, RUN = 0V BIAS = 5V, No Load, SYNC = 0V, Not Switching BIAS = 5V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 3.5A, fSW = 1MHz 1 5 12 µA µA mA Line Regulation 5.5V < VIN < 36V, IOUT = 1A 0.5 3.4 l 0.97 18 3.3 UNITS V V 6 A % Load Regulation 0.1A < IOUT < 3.5A 0.5 % Output Voltage Ripple IOUT = 3.5A 10 mV Switching Frequency RT = 232kΩ RT = 41.2kΩ RT = 10.7kΩ 200 1 3 kHz MHz MHz Voltage at FB LTM8003 Minimum BIAS Voltage (Note 5) l RUN Threshold Voltage 950 970 0.9 RUN Current TR/SS Current TR/SS = 0V 980 mV 3.2 V 1.06 V 1 µA 2 µA TR/SS Pull Down TR/SS = 0.1V 200 Ω PG Threshold Voltage at FB (Upper) FB Falling (Note 6, LTM8003) 1.05 V PG Threshold Voltage at FB (Lower) FB Rising (Note 6, LTM8003) 0.89 V PG Threshold Voltage at VOUT (Upper) VOUT Falling (Note 6, LTM8003-3.3) 3.57 V PG Threshold Voltage at VOUT (Lower) VOUT Rising (Note 6, LTM8003-3.3) 3.03 V PG Leakage Current PG = 42V PG Sink Current PG = 0.1V SYNC Threshold Voltage Synchronization 0.4 1.5 SYNC Voltage To Enable Spread Spectrum 2.9 4.2 V SYNC Current SYNC = 0V 35 µA Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: Unless otherwise noted, the absolute minimum voltage is zero. Note 3: The LTM8003I is guaranteed to meet specifications over the full –40°C to 125°C internal operating temperature range. The LTM8003H is guaranteed to meet specifications over the full –40°C to 150°C internal operating temperature range. Note that the maximum internal temperature is determined by specific operating conditions in conjunction with board layout, the rated package thermal resistance and other environmental factors. High junction temperatures degrade operating lifetimes. Operating lifetime is derated at junction temperatures greater than 125°C. 1 150 µA µA V Note 4: The LTM8003 contains overtemperature protection that is intended to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. The internal temperature exceeds the maximum operating junction temperature when the overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above the specified maximum operating junction temperature may impair device reliability. Note 5: Below this specified voltage, internal circuitry will draw power from VIN. Note 6: PG transitions from low to high. 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 3 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics 90 65 55 45 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 70 60 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 50 4 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 80 80 80 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 70 60 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 EFFICIENCY (%) 90 0 50 4 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 55 4 85 85 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) EFFICIENCY (%) 85 EFFICIENCY (%) 95 0 4 8003 G07 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 75 55 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 75 65 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 4 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 8V, BIAS = 5V 95 55 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 8003 G06 95 65 4 70 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 5V, BIAS = 5V 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 8003 G05 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 3.3V, BIAS = 5V 65 1 60 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 8003 G04 75 0 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 2.5V, BIAS = 5V 90 50 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 8003 G03 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 2V, BIAS = 5V EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 50 4 90 60 EFFICIENCY (%) 60 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 70 8003 G02 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 1.8V, BIAS = 5V 70 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 1.5V, BIAS = 5V 80 8003 G01 4 90 80 EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 75 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 1.2V, BIAS = 5V EFFICIENCY (%) 85 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 0.97V, BIAS = 5V TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 4 8003 G08 55 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 8003 G09 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics 100 75 70 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 24VIN 36VIN 60 4 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 60 80 80 80 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 70 60 5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 EFFICIENCY (%) 90 EFFICIENCY (%) 90 50 50 4 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 50 4 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = –15V, BIAS Open 80 80 0 1 2 LOAD CURRENT (A) EFFICIENCY (%) 80 EFFICIENCY (%) 90 50 70 60 3 8003 G16 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 50 0.5 1 1.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) 2 70 60 12VIN 24VIN 0 4 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = –18V, BIAS Open 90 5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 0 8003 G15 90 60 5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 8003 G14 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = –12V, BIAS Open 4 70 60 5VIN 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 8003 G13 70 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = –8V, BIAS Open 90 60 1 8003 G12 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = –5V, BIAS Open 70 0 8003 G11 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = –3.3V, BIAS Open EFFICIENCY (%) 24VIN 36VIN 4 8003 G10 EFFICIENCY (%) 80 70 24VIN 36VIN 0 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 18V, BIAS = 5V 90 80 65 55 100 90 EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 85 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 15V, BIAS = 5V EFFICIENCY (%) 95 Efficiency vs Load Current, VOUT = 12V, BIAS = 5V TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 2.5 8003 G17 50 12VIN 24VIN 0 0.5 1 1.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) 2 8003 G18 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 5 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics 1.00 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) Input vs Load Current VOUT = 1.2V, BIAS = 5V 0.75 0.50 0.25 0 6 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 8003 G19 0.50 0.25 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 0.9 0.6 0 6 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 8003 G22 INPUT CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (A) 3.00 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 8003 G25 6 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0.8 0.4 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 5.0 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0.75 0 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 8V, BIAS = 5V 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 4.0 1.50 6 8003 G24 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 5V, BIAS = 5V 2.25 6 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 2.5V, BIAS = 5V 8003 G23 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 3.3V, BIAS = 5V 2.0 0 1.2 0 6 INPUT CURRENT (A) 2.5 0.3 1.6 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0.3 0 0.6 8003 G21 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 2V, BIAS = 5V 1.2 INPUT CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (A) 1.5 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0.75 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 8003 G20 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 1.8V, BIAS = 5V 1.00 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 1.5V, BIAS = 5V 0.9 0 6 INPUT CURRENT (A) 1.25 1.2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN INPUT CURRENT (A) 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN INPUT CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (A) 0.8 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 0.97V, BIAS = 5V TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 8003 G26 0 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 8003 G27 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 5 24VIN 36VIN 2 1 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 1.0 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) Input vs Load Current VOUT = –5V, BIAS Open 4 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 2 1 0 6 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 1 0 0 1 2 LOAD CURRENT (A) 3 8003 G34 Input vs Load Current VOUT = –15V, BIAS Open 12VIN 24VIN 2 1 4 12VIN 24VIN 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) 2 2.5 8003 G35 6 0 1 2 3 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 5 8003 G33 INPUT CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (A) 4 12VIN 24VIN 2 5.0 Input vs Load Current VOUT = –8V, BIAS Open 8003 G32 Input vs Load Current VOUT = –12V, BIAS Open 3 2.0 3.0 4.0 LOAD CURRENT (A) 3 0 6 8003 G31 4 1.0 8003 G30 0.5 0 2 0 0.0 6 INPUT CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (A) 3 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1.5 3 8003 G29 Input vs Load Current VOUT = –3.3V, BIAS Open 2.0 24VIN 36VIN 1 8003 G28 2.5 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 18V, BIAS = 5V 4 3 0 6 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 15V, BIAS = 5V INPUT CURRENT (A) 24VIN 36VIN INPUT CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (A) 4 Input vs Load Current VOUT = 12V, BIAS = 5V TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Input vs Load Current VOUT = –18V, BIAS Open 12VIN 24VIN 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) 2 8003 G36 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 7 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 0.97V, BIAS = 5V BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 1.2V, BIAS = 5V 5.0 BIAS CURRENT (mA) BIAS CURRENT (mA) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 6 5.5 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4.5 4.0 3.5 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 3.0 6 8003 G37 BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 2V, BIAS = 5V 5.5 6.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) BIAS CURRENT (mA) 5.0 BIAS CURRENT (mA) 6.5 0 3.5 6 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6.0 5.5 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 6 8003 G43 8 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 8003 G42 BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 8V, BIAS = 5V 9 10 8 9 BIAS CURRENT (mA) BIAS CURRENT (mA) BIAS CURRENT (mA) 6.5 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 4.0 6 BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 5V, BIAS = 5V 7.0 0 5.0 8003 G41 BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 3.3V, BIAS = 5V 4.5 6 5.5 4.5 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 8003 G40 5.0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 2.5V, BIAS = 5V 6.0 3.0 0 8003 G39 5.5 3.5 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 8003 G38 BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 1.8V, BIAS = 5V BIAS CURRENT (mA) BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 1.5V, BIAS = 5V BIAS CURRENT (mA) 4.5 2.0 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 7 6 5 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 8003 G44 8 7 6 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 8003 G45 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 12V, BIAS = 5V BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 15V, BIAS = 5V 12 9 8 10 9 8 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 6 24VIN 36VIN 0 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 300 750 0 3 16 4 3 2 –3.3VOUT –5VOUT –8VOUT 1 0 40 0 3.0 6 1.5 –12VOUT –15VOUT –18VOUT 30 8003 G52 5 4 3 2 0 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 20 30 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 40 8003 G51 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 1.2V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 7 0 LFM 1 10 8003 G50 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 7 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 5 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 0.97V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 3.5 10 20 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 28 VIN (V) Maximum Load Current vs VIN BIAS Open 0 6 SYNC Grounded SYNC Floating 8003 G49 2.0 6 Maximum Load Current vs VIN BIAS Open 1500 6 2.5 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 8003 G48 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) INPUT CURRENT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) 2250 600 0.5 0 Input Current vs VIN VOUT Short Circuited 900 1.0 24VIN 36VIN 8003 G47 Dropout Voltage vs Load Current, VOUT = 5V, BIAS = 5V 2 4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 9 7 6 8003 G46 0 10 8 7 24VIN 36VIN 0 11 BIAS CURRENT (mA) BIAS CURRENT (mA) BIAS CURRENT (mA) 12 11 10 0 BIAS Current vs Load Current VOUT = 18V, BIAS = 5V 12 11 7 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 150 8003 G53 0 LFM 6 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 150 8003 G54 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 9 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 1.5V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 7 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 8003 G55 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 6 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 150 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 150 8003 G61 10 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 7 0 LFM 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 4 3 2 1 0 24VIN 36VIN 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 150 8003 G62 150 8003 G60 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 15V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 6 0 LFM 5 150 6 0 150 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 3 0 6 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 12V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 0 LFM 5 2 8003 G59 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 8V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 6 3 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 5V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 0 LFM 8003 G58 7 4 8003 G57 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 0 7 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 5 5 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 3.3V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 0 LFM 6 6 0 150 0 LFM 8003 G56 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 2.5V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 7 7 0 LFM 6 0 150 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 2V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 0 LFM 6 0 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 1.8V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 7 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 0 LFM 5 4 3 2 1 0 24VIN 36VIN 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 150 8003 G63 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 18V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 3 2 1 24VIN 36VIN 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 3 2 1 0 150 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 150 8003 G66 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = –8V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = –12V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = –15V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board 4 2 1 12VIN 24VIN 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 3 2 1 0 150 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 7 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 1.0 0.5 12VIN 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 150 8003 G70 0.5 0 150 12VIN 24VIN 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 1.2V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 7 0 LFM 6 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 125 8003 G71 150 8003 G69 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 0.97V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 0 LFM 1.5 1.0 8003 G68 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = –18V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board 2.0 1.5 12VIN 24VIN 0 0 LFM 2.0 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 3 2.5 0 LFM MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 0 LFM 8003 G67 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 8003 G65 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 0 LFM 8003 G64 4 0 5 0 LFM 5 0 150 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = –5V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 0 6 0 LFM 5 0 Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = –3.3V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 0 LFM 6 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 125 8003 G72 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 11 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 1.5V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 7 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 6 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 125 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 8003 G73 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 7 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 5 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 6 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 125 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 125 8003 G79 12 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 6 0 LFM 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 125 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 4 3 2 1 0 24VIN 36VIN 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 125 8003 G80 125 8003 G78 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 15V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 6 0 LFM 5 125 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 5V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 2 0 6 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 3 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 12V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 0 LFM 4 2 8003 G77 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 8V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 5 3 8003 G75 0 LFM 8003 G76 6 4 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 3.3V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 0 LFM 6 5 0 125 0 LFM 6 8003 G74 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 2.5V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 7 7 0 LFM MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 5 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 2V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 0 LFM 6 0 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 1.8V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 7 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 0 LFM 5 4 3 2 1 0 24VIN 36VIN 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 125 8003 G81 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Typical Performance Characteristics Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = 18V, BIAS = 5V, DC2416A Demo Board 6 4 3 2 1 24VIN 36VIN 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 125 5 4 3 2 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 1 0 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 5 3 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 4 3 2 1 12VIN 24VIN 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 3 2 1 0 12VIN 24VIN 36VIN 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 0 LFM 2 1 0 125 12VIN 24VIN 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 125 8003 G86 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = –15V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = –18V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board 2.0 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 0 LFM 1.5 1.0 0.5 12VIN 24VIN 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 125 125 8003 G84 8003 G85 2.0 0 4 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = –12V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board 0 LFM 0 125 0 LFM 8003 G83 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = –8V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board 0 5 0 LFM 8003 G82 MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 0 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = –5V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 5 0 Derating, I-Grade, VOUT = –3.3V, BIAS Open, DC2416A Demo Board 0 LFM MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) 6 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 0 LFM 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 12VIN 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (oC) 8003 G87 125 8003 G88 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 13 LTM8003 Pin Functions GND (Bank 1, A1, A6): Tie these GND pins to a local ground plane below the LTM8003 and the circuit components. In most applications, the bulk of the heat flow out of the LTM8003 is through these pads, so the printed circuit design has a large impact on the thermal performance of the part. See the PCB Layout and Thermal Considerations sections for more details. VIN (Bank 2): VIN supplies current to the LTM8003’s internal regulator and to the internal power switch. These pins must be locally bypassed with an external, low ESR capacitor; see Table 1 for recommended values. VOUT (Bank 3): Power Output Pins. Apply the output filter capacitor and the output load between these pins and GND pins. BIAS (Pins G1, G2): The BIAS pin connects to the internal power bus. Connect to a power source greater than 3.2V and less than 18V. If VOUT is greater than 3.2V, connect this pin there. If the output voltage is less, connect this to a voltage source between 3.2V and 18V. Decouple this pin with at least 1µF if the voltage source for BIAS is remote. RUN (Pins B5, B6): Pull the RUN pin below 0.9V to shut down the LTM8003. Tie to 1.06V or more for normal operation. If the shutdown feature is not used, tie this pin to the VIN pin. RT (Pins A4, A5): The RT pin is used to program the switching frequency of the LTM8003 by connecting a resistor from this pin to ground. The Applications Information section of the data sheet includes a table to determine the resistance value based on the desired switching frequency. Minimize capacitance at this pin. Do not drive this pin. SYNC (Pins A2, B2): External clock synchronization input and operational mode. This pin programs four different operating modes: 1.Burst Mode®. Tie this pin to ground for Burst Mode operation at low output loads—this will result in ultralow quiescent current. 2.Pulse-skipping mode. Float this pin for pulse-skipping mode. This mode offers full frequency operation down to low output loads before pulse skipping occurs. 3.Spread spectrum mode. Tie this pin high (between 2.9V and 4.2V) for pulse-skipping mode with spread spectrum modulation. 4. Synchronization mode. Drive this pin with a clock source to synchronize to an external frequency. During synchronization the part will operate in pulse-skipping mode. PG (Pin B1, C1): The PG pin is the open-collector output of an internal comparator. PG remains low until the FB pin voltage is within about 10% of the final regulation voltage. The PG signal is valid when VIN is above 3.4V. If VIN is above 3.4V and RUN is low, PG will drive low. If this function is not used, leave this pin floating. FB (Pin F1, F2): The LTM8003 regulates its FB pin to 0.97V. Connect the adjust resistor from this pin to ground. The value of RFB is given by the equation RFB = 97/(VOUT – 0.97), where RFB is in kΩ. TR/SS (Pin A3, B3): The TR/SS pin is used to provide a soft-start or tracking function. The internal 2μA pull-up current in combination with an external capacitor tied to this pin creates a voltage ramp. The output voltage tracks to this voltage. For tracking, tie a resistor divider to this pin from the tracked output. This pin is pulled to ground with an internal MOSFET during shutdown and fault conditions; use a series resistor if driving from a low impedance output. This pin may be left floating if the tracking function is not needed. NC (Pins C5, D5, E5, E6): These pins are not connected, either to any other net or each other. 14 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Block Diagram LTM8003 Block Diagram VIN BIAS 0.2µF 1.3µH CURRENT MODE CONTROLLER VOUT 100k 10pF 0.01µF GND FB RUN TR/SS SYNC RT PG 8003 BD01 LTM8003-3.3 Block Diagram VIN BIAS 0.2µF 1.3µH CURRENT MODE CONTROLLER INTERNAL 0.97V FEEDBACK RUN VOUT 10pF 0.01µF GND TR/SS SYNC RT PG 8003 BD02 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 15 LTM8003 Operation The LTM8003 is a stand-alone non-isolated step-down switching DC/DC power supply that can deliver up to 6A. The continuous current is determined by the internal operating temperature. It provides a precisely regulated output voltage programmable via one external resistor from 0.97V to 18V. The input voltage range is 3.4V to 40V. Given that the LTM8003 is a step-down converter, make sure that the input voltage is high enough to support the desired output voltage and load current. Simplified Block Diagrams are given on the previous page. The LTM8003 contains a current mode controller, power switching elements, power inductor and a modest amount of input and output capacitance. The LTM8003 is a fixed frequency PWM regulator. The switching frequency is set by simply connecting the appropriate resistor value from the RT pin to GND. An internal regulator provides power to the control circuitry. This bias regulator normally draws power from the VIN pin, but if the BIAS pin is connected to an external voltage higher than 3.2V, bias power is drawn from the external source (typically the regulated output voltage). This improves efficiency. The RUN pin is used to place the LTM8003 in shutdown, disconnecting the output and reducing the input current to a few µA. To enhance efficiency, the LTM8003 automatically switches to Burst Mode operation in light or no load situations. Between bursts, all circuitry associated with controlling the output switch is shut down reducing the input supply current to just a few µA. 16 The oscillator reduces the LTM8003’s operating frequency when the voltage at the FB pin is low. This frequency foldback helps to control the output current during start-up and overload. The TR/SS node acts as an auxiliary input to the error amplifier. The voltage at FB servos to the TR/SS voltage until TR/SS goes above 0.97V. Soft-start is implemented by generating a voltage ramp at the TR/SS pin using an external capacitor which is charged by an internal constant current. Alternatively, driving the TR/SS pin with a signal source or resistive network provides a tracking function. Do not drive the TR/SS pin with a low impedance voltage source. See the Applications Information section for more details. The LTM8003 contains a power good comparator which trips when the FB pin is at about 90% to 110% of its regulated value. The PG output is an open-drain transistor that is off when the output is in regulation, allowing an external resistor to pull the PG pin high. The PG signal is valid when VIN is above 3.4V. If VIN is above 3.4V and RUN is low, PG will drive low. The LTM8003 is equipped with a thermal shutdown that inhibits power switching at high junction temperatures. The activation threshold of this function is above the maximum temperature rating to avoid interfering with normal operation, so prolonged or repetitive operation under a condition in which the thermal shutdown activates may damage or impair the reliability of the device. 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Applications Information For most applications, the design process is straight forward, summarized as follows: 1.Look at Table 1 and find the row that has the desired input range and output voltage. 2.Apply the recommended CFF, CIN, COUT, RFB and RT values. 3.Apply the CFF (from VOUT to FB) as required. 4.Connect BIAS as indicated. While these component combinations have been tested for proper operation, it is incumbent upon the user to verify proper operation over the intended system’s line, load and environmental conditions. Bear in mind that the maximum output current is limited by junction temperature, the relationship between the input and output voltage magnitude and polarity and other factors. Please refer to the graphs in the Typical Performance Characteristics section for guidance. The maximum frequency (and attendant RT value) at which the LTM8003 should be allowed to switch is given in Table 1 in the Maximum fSW column, while the recommended frequency (and RT value) for optimal efficiency over the given input condition is given in the fSW column. There are additional conditions that must be satisfied if the synchronization function is used. Please refer to the Synchronization section for details. Table 1. Recommended Component Values and Configuration (TA = 25°C) VIN VOUT (V) RFB (kΩ) CIN2 COUT 3.4V to 40V 0.97 Open 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 3.4V to 40V 1.2 402 3.4V to 40V 1.5 174 3.4V to 40V 1.8 115 CFF (pF) BIAS (V) fSW RT (kΩ) 2x 100µF 6.3V 1210 X5R 47 5 450kHz 84 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 2x 100µF 6.3V 1210 X5R 47 5 550kHz 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 100µF 6.3V 1210 X5R 27 5 600kHz 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 100µF 6.3V 1210 X5R 10 5 600kHz Maximum fSW Minimum RT (kΩ) 675kHz 63.4 78.7 850kHz 49.9 73.2 1.1MHz 36.5 73.2 1.3MHz 30.9 3.4V to 40V 2.0 90.9 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 100µF 0805 4V X5R 5 650kHz 64.9 1.4MHz 28.0 4V to 40V1 2.5 63.4 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 100µF 0805 4V X5R 5 750kHz 56.2 1.8MHz 20.5 5V to 40V1 3.3 41.2 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 100µF 0805 4V X5R 5 850kHz 49.9 2.3MHz 14.7 7V to 40V1 5 24.3 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 47µF 6.3V 0805 X5R 5 1MHz 41.2 3MHz 10.7 11V to 40V1 8 13.7 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 22µF 1206 10V X7R 5 1.2MHz 33.2 3MHz 10.7 16V to 40V1 12 8.66 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 10µF 0805 16V X7S 5 1.5MHz 25.5 3MHz 10.7 19.5 to 40V1 15 6.81 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 10µF 0805 16V X7S 5 1.5MHz 25.5 3MHz 10.7 23.5V to 40V1 18 5.62 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 10µF 1206 25V X5R 5 1.5MHz 25.5 3MHz 10.7 5V to 22V1 –18 5.62 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 10µF 1206 25V X5R Open 1.5MHz 25.5 3MHz 10.7 4.5V to 25V1 –15 6.81 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 10µF 0805 16V X7S Open 1.5MHz 25.5 3MHz 10.7 3.4V to 28V1 –12 8.66 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 10µF 0805 16V X7S Open 1.5MHz 25.5 3MHz 10.7 3.4V to 32V1 –8 13.7 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 22µF 1206 10V X7R Open 1.2MHz 33.2 3MHz 10.7 3.4V to 351 –5 24.3 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 47µF 6.3V 0805 X5R Open 1MHz 41.2 3MHz 10.7 3.4V to 36V1 –3.3 41.2 4.7µF 50V 1206 X5R 100µF 0805 4V X5R Open 850kHz 49.9 2.3MHz 14.7 1. The LTM8003 may be capable of lower input voltages but may skip switching cycles. 2. An input bulk capacitor is required 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 17 LTM8003 Applications Information Capacitor Selection Considerations Frequency Selection The CIN and COUT capacitor values in Table 1 are the minimum recommended values for the associated operating conditions. Applying capacitor values below those indicated in Table 1 is not recommended and may result in undesirable operation. Using larger values is generally acceptable, and can yield improved dynamic response, if it is necessary. Again, it is incumbent upon the user to verify proper operation over the intended system’s line, load and environmental conditions. The LTM8003 uses a constant frequency PWM architecture that can be programmed to switch from 200kHz to 3MHz by using a resistor tied from the RT pin to ground. Table 2 provides a list of RT resistor values and their resultant frequencies. Ceramic capacitors are small, robust and have very low ESR. However, not all ceramic capacitors are suitable. X5R and X7R types are stable over temperature and applied voltage and give dependable service. Other types, including Y5V and Z5U have very large temperature and voltage coefficients of capacitance. In an application circuit they may have only a small fraction of their nominal capacitance resulting in much higher output voltage ripple than expected. Ceramic capacitors are also piezoelectric. In Burst Mode operation, the LTM8003’s switching frequency depends on the load current, and can excite a ceramic capacitor at audio frequencies, generating audible noise. Since the LTM8003 operates at a lower current limit during Burst Mode operation, the noise is typically very quiet to a casual ear. If this audible noise is unacceptable, use a high performance electrolytic capacitor at the output. It may also be a parallel combination of a ceramic capacitor and a low cost electrolytic capacitor. A final precaution regarding ceramic capacitors concerns the maximum input voltage rating of the LTM8003. A ceramic input capacitor combined with trace or cable inductance forms a high-Q (underdamped) tank circuit. If the LTM8003 circuit is plugged into a live supply, the input voltage can ring to twice its nominal value, possibly exceeding the device’s rating. This situation is easily avoided; see the Hot-Plugging Safely section. 18 Table 2. SW Frequency vs RT Value fSW (MHz) RT (kΩ) 0.2 232 0.3 150 0.4 110 0.5 88.7 0.6 73.2 0.7 60.4 0.8 52.3 1.0 41.2 1.2 33.2 1.4 28.0 1.6 23.7 1.8 20.5 2.0 18.2 2.2 15.8 3.0 10.7 Operating Frequency Trade-Offs It is recommended that the user apply the optimal RT value given in Table 1 for the input and output operating condition. System level or other considerations, however, may necessitate another operating frequency. While the LTM8003 is flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of operating frequencies, a haphazardly chosen one may result in undesirable operation under certain operating or fault conditions. A frequency that is too high can reduce efficiency, generate excessive heat or even damage the LTM8003 if the output is overloaded or short-circuited. A frequency that is too low can result in a final design that has too much output ripple or too large of an output capacitor. 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Applications Information BIAS Pin Considerations Burst Mode Operation The BIAS pin is used to provide drive power for the internal power switching stage and operate other internal circuitry. For proper operation, it must be powered by at least 3.2V. If the output voltage is programmed to 3.2V or higher, BIAS may be simply tied to VOUT. If VOUT is less than 3.2V, BIAS can be tied to VIN or some other voltage source. If the BIAS pin voltage is too high, the efficiency of the LTM8003 may suffer. The optimum BIAS voltage is dependent upon many factors, such as load current, input voltage, output voltage and switching frequency. In all cases, ensure that the maximum voltage at the BIAS pin is less than 19V. If BIAS power is applied from a remote or noisy voltage source, it may be necessary to apply a decoupling capacitor locally to the pin. A 1µF ceramic capacitor works well. The BIAS pin may also be left open at the cost of a small degradation in efficiency. To enhance efficiency at light loads, the LTM8003 automatically switches to Burst Mode operation which keeps the output capacitor charged to the proper voltage while minimizing the input quiescent current. During Burst Mode operation, the LTM8003 delivers single cycle bursts of current to the output capacitor followed by sleep periods where most of the internal circuitry is powered off and energy is delivered to the load by the output capacitor. During the sleep time, VIN and BIAS quiescent currents are greatly reduced, so, as the load current decreases towards a no load condition, the percentage of time that the LTM8003 operates in sleep mode increases and the average input current is greatly reduced, resulting in higher light load efficiency. Maximum Load Minimum Input Voltage The maximum practical continuous load that the LTM8003 can drive, while rated at 3.5A, actually depends upon both the internal current limit and the internal temperature. The internal current limit is designed to prevent damage to the LTM8003 in the case of overload or short-circuit. The internal temperature of the LTM8003 depends upon operating conditions such as the ambient temperature, the power delivered, and the heat sinking capability of the system. For example, if the LTM8003H is configured to regulate at 1.2V, it may continuously deliver 6A from 12VIN if the ambient temperature is controlled to less than 50°C. This is quite a bit higher than the 3.5A continuous rating. Please see the “Derating, H-Grade, VOUT = 1.2V” curve in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. Similarly, if the output voltage is 18V and the ambient temperature is 100°C, the LTM8003H will deliver at most 2.7A from 24VIN, which is less than the 3.5A continuous rating. The LTM8003 is a step-down converter, so a minimum amount of headroom is required to keep the output in regulation. Keep the input above 3.4V to ensure proper operation. Voltage transients or ripple valleys that cause the input to fall below 3.4V may turn off the LTM8003. Load Sharing Neither the LTM8003 nor LTM8003-3.3 are designed to load share. Burst Mode operation is enabled by tying SYNC to GND. Output Voltage Tracking and Soft-Start The LTM8003 allows the user to adjust its output voltage ramp rate by means of the TR/SS pin. An internal 2μA pulls up the TR/SS pin to about 2.4V. Putting an external capacitor on TR/SS enables soft starting the output to reduce current surges on the input supply. During the soft-start ramp the output voltage will proportionally track the TR/ SS pin voltage. For output tracking applications, TR/SS can be externally driven by another voltage source. From 0V to 0.97V, the TR/SS voltage will override the internal 0.97V reference input to the error amplifier, thus regulating the FB pin voltage to that of the TR/SS pin. When TR/ SS is above 0.97V, tracking is disabled and the feedback voltage will regulate to the internal reference voltage. The TR/SS pin may be left floating if the function is not needed. 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 19 LTM8003 Applications Information An active pull-down circuit is connected to the TR/SS pin which will discharge the external soft-start capacitor in the case of fault conditions and restart the ramp when the faults are cleared. Fault conditions that clear the soft-start capacitor are the RUN pin transitioning low, VIN voltage falling too low, or thermal shutdown. Pre-Biased Output As discussed in the Output Voltage Tracking and SoftStart section, the LTM8003 regulates the output to the FB voltage determined by the TR/SS pin whenever TR/ SS is less than 0.97V. If the LTM8003 output is higher than the target output voltage, the LTM8003 will attempt to regulate the output to the target voltage by returning a small amount of energy back to the input supply. If there is nothing loading the input supply, its voltage may rise. Take care that it does not rise so high that the input voltage exceeds the absolute maximum rating of the LTM8003. Frequency Foldback The LTM8003 is equipped with frequency foldback which acts to reduce the thermal and energy stress on the internal power elements during a short circuit or output overload condition. If the LTM8003 detects that the output has fallen out of regulation, the switching frequency is reduced as a function of how far the output is below the target voltage. This in turn limits the amount of energy that can be delivered to the load under fault. During the start-up time, frequency foldback is also active to limit the energy delivered to the potentially large output capacitance of the load. When a clock is applied to the SYNC pin, the SYNC pin is floated or held high, the frequency foldback is disabled, and the switching frequency will slow down only during overcurrent conditions. 20% to 80% duty cycle) to the SYNC pin. The square wave amplitude should have valleys that are below 0.4V and peaks above 1.5V. The LTM8003 will not enter Burst Mode operation at low output loads while synchronized to an external clock, but instead will pulse skip to maintain regulation. The LTM8003 may be synchronized over a 200kHz to 3MHz range. The RT resistor should be chosen to set the switching frequency equal to or below the lowest synchronization input. For example, if the synchronization signal will be 500kHz and higher, the RT should be selected for 500kHz. For some applications it is desirable for the LTM8003 to operate in pulse-skipping mode, offering two major differences from Burst Mode operation. The first is that the clock stays awake at all times and all switching cycles are aligned to the clock. The second is that full switching frequency is reached at lower output load than in Burst Mode operation. These two differences come at the expense of increased quiescent current. To enable pulse-skipping mode, the SYNC pin is floated. The LTM8003 features spread spectrum operation to further reduce EMI/EMC emissions. To enable spread spectrum operation, apply between 2.9V and 4.2V to the SYNC pin. In this mode, triangular frequency modulation is used to vary the switching frequency between the value programmed by RT to about 20% higher than that value. The modulation frequency is about 3kHz. For example, when the LTM8003 is programmed to 2MHz, the frequency will vary from 2MHz to 2.4MHz at a 3kHz rate. When spread spectrum operation is selected, Burst Mode operation is disabled, and the part will run in pulse-skipping mode. The LTM8003 does not operate in forced continuous mode regardless of SYNC signal. Synchronization Negative Output To select low ripple Burst Mode operation, tie the SYNC pin below about 0.4V (this can be ground or a logic low output). To synchronize the LTM8003 oscillator to an external frequency, connect a square wave (with about The LTM8003 is capable of generating a negative output voltage by connecting its VOUT to system GND and the LTM8003 GND to the negative voltage rail. An example of this is shown in the Typical Applications section. The 20 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Applications Information most versatile way to generate a negative output is to use a dedicated regulator that was designed to generate a negative voltage, but using a buck regulator like the LTM8003 to generate a negative voltage is a simple and cost effective solution, as long as certain restrictions are kept in mind. FAST VIN TRANSIENT OUTPUT EXPERIENCES A POSITIVE TRANSIENT VIN VIN CIN VOUT LTM8003 GND VIN AC DIVIDER VIN COUT VOUT LTM8003 OPTIONAL SCHOTTKY DIODE 8003 F03 Figure 3. A Schottky Diode Can Limit the Transient Caused by a Fast Rising VIN to Safe Levels GND NEGATIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE 8003 F01 Figure 1. The LTM8003 Can Be Used to Generate a Negative Voltage Figure 1 shows a typical negative output voltage application. Note that LTM8003 VOUT is tied to system GND and input power is applied from VIN to LTM8003 VOUT. As a result, the LTM8003 is not behaving as a true buck regulator, and the maximum output current depends upon the input voltage. In the example shown in the Typical Applications section, there is an attending graph that shows how much current the LTM8003 can deliver for given input voltages. VIN The CIN and COUT capacitors in Figure 3 form an AC divider at the negative output voltage node. If VIN is hot-plugged or rises quickly, the resultant VOUT will be a positive transient, which may be unhealthy for the application load. An anti-parallel Schottky diode may be able to prevent this positive transient from damaging the load. The location of this Schottky diode is important. For example, in a system where the LTM8003 is far away from the load, placing the Schottky diode closest to the most sensitive load component may be the best design choice. Carefully evaluate whether the negative buck configuration is suitable for the application. Shorted Input Protection VIN VOUT LTM8003 GND FAST LOAD TRANSIENT 8003 F02 OUTPUT TRANSIENT RESPONSE Figure 2. Any Output Voltage Transient Appears on LTM8003 GND Note that this configuration requires that any load current transient will directly impress the transient voltage onto the LTM8003 GND, as shown in Figure 2, so fast load transients can disrupt the LTM8003’s operation or even cause damage. Care needs to be taken in systems where the output is held high when the input to the LTM8003 is absent. This may occur in battery charging applications or in battery backup systems where a battery or some other supply is diode ORed with the LTM8003’s output. If the VIN pin is allowed to float and the RUN pin is held high (either by a logic signal or because it is tied to VIN), then the LTM8003’s internal circuitry pulls its quiescent current through its internal power switch. This is fine if your system can tolerate a few milliamps in this state. If you ground the RUN pin, the internal current drops to essentially zero. However, if the VIN pin is grounded while the output is held high, parasitic 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 21 LTM8003 Applications Information diodes inside the LTM8003 can pull large currents from the output through the VIN pin. Figure 4 shows a circuit that runs only when the input voltage is present and that protects against a shorted or reversed input. VIN A few rules to keep in mind are: 1.Place the RFB and RT resistors as close as possible to their respective pins. 2.Place the CIN capacitor as close as possible to the VIN and GND connection of the LTM8003. VIN 3.Place the COUT capacitor as close as possible to the VOUT and GND connection of the LTM8003. LTM8003 RUN 8003 F04 4.Place the CIN and COUT capacitors such that their ground current flow directly adjacent to or underneath the LTM8003. Figure 4. The Input Diode Prevents a Shorted Input from Discharging a Backup Battery Tied to the Output. It Also Protects the Circuit from a Reversed Input. The LTM8003 Runs Only When the Input Is Present PCB Layout 5. Connect all of the GND connections to as large a copper pour or plane area as possible on the top layer. Avoid breaking the ground connection between the external components and the LTM8003. Most of the headaches associated with PCB layout have been alleviated or even eliminated by the high level of integration of the LTM8003. The LTM8003 is nevertheless a switching power supply, and care must be taken to minimize EMI and ensure proper operation. Even with the high level of integration, you may fail to achieve specified operation with a haphazard or poor layout. See Figure 5 for a suggested layout. Ensure that the grounding and heat sinking are acceptable. 6. Use vias to connect the GND copper area to the board’s internal ground planes. Liberally distribute these GND vias to provide both a good ground connection and thermal path to the internal planes of the printed circuit board. Pay attention to the location and density of the thermal vias in Figure 5. The LTM8003 can benefit from the heat-sinking afforded by vias that connect to internal GND planes at these locations, due to their proximity to internal power handling components. The optimum GND CIN RUN VIN RT COUT TR/SS SYNC PG FB BIAS VOUT GND/ THERMAL VIAS 8003 F05 Figure 5. Layout Showing Suggested External Components, GND Plane and Thermal Vias 22 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Applications Information number of thermal vias depends upon the printed circuit board design. For example, a board might use very small via holes. It should employ more thermal vias than a board that uses larger holes. Hot-Plugging Safely The small size, robustness and low impedance of ceramic capacitors make them an attractive option for the input bypass capacitor of LTM8003. However, these capacitors can cause problems if the LTM8003 is plugged into a live supply (see Linear Technology Application Note 88 for a complete discussion). The low loss ceramic capacitor combined with stray inductance in series with the power source forms an underdamped tank circuit, and the voltage at the VIN pin of the LTM8003 can ring to more than twice the nominal input voltage, possibly exceeding the LTM8003’s rating and damaging the part. If the input supply is poorly controlled or the LTM8003 is hot-plugged into an energized supply, the input network should be designed to prevent this overshoot. This can be accomplished by installing a small resistor in series to VIN, but the most popular method of controlling input voltage overshoot is add an electrolytic bulk cap to the VIN net. This capacitor’s relatively high equivalent series resistance damps the circuit and eliminates the voltage overshoot. The extra capacitor improves low frequency ripple filtering and can slightly improve the efficiency of the circuit, though it is likely to be the largest component in the circuit. Thermal Considerations The LTM8003 output current may need to be derated if it is required to operate in a high ambient temperature. The amount of current derating is dependent upon the input voltage, output power and ambient temperature. The derating curves given in the Typical Performance Characteristics section can be used as a guide. These curves were generated by the LTM8003 mounted to a 58cm2 4-layer FR4 printed circuit board. Boards of other sizes and layer count can exhibit different thermal behavior, so it is incumbent upon the user to verify proper operation over the intended system’s line, load and environmental operating conditions. For increased accuracy and fidelity to the actual application, many designers use FEA (Finite Element Analysis) to predict thermal performance. To that end, Page 2 of the data sheet typically gives four thermal coefficients: θJA – Thermal resistance from junction to ambient θJCbottom – Thermal resistance from junction to the bottom of the product case θJCtop – Thermal resistance from junction to top of the product case θJB – Thermal resistance from junction to the printed circuit board. While the meaning of each of these coefficients may seem to be intuitive, JEDEC has defined each to avoid confusion and inconsistency. These definitions are given in JESD 51-12, and are quoted or paraphrased below: θJA is the natural convection junction-to-ambient air thermal resistance measured in a one cubic foot sealed enclosure. This environment is sometimes referred to as “still air” although natural convection causes the air to move. This value is determined with the part mounted to a JESD 51-9 defined test board, which does not reflect an actual application or viable operating condition. θJCbottom is the junction-to-board thermal resistance with all of the component power dissipation flowing through the bottom of the package. In the typical µModule regulator, the bulk of the heat flows out the bottom of the package, but there is always heat flow out into the ambient environment. As a result, this thermal resistance value may be useful for comparing packages but the test conditions don’t generally match the user’s application. 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 23 LTM8003 Applications Information θJCtop is determined with nearly all of the component power dissipation flowing through the top of the package. As the electrical connections of the typical µModule regulator are on the bottom of the package, it is rare for an application to operate such that most of the heat flows from the junction to the top of the part. As in the case of θJCbottom, this value may be useful for comparing packages but the test conditions don’t generally match the user’s application. θJB is the junction-to-board thermal resistance where almost all of the heat flows through the bottom of the µModule regulator and into the board, and is really the sum of the θJCbottom and the thermal resistance of the bottom of the part through the solder joints and through a portion of the board. The board temperature is measured a specified distance from the package, using a two sided, two layer board. This board is described in JESD 51-9. Given these definitions, it should now be apparent that none of these thermal coefficients reflects an actual physical operating condition of a µModule regulator. Thus, none of them can be individually used to accurately predict the thermal performance of the product. Likewise, it would be inappropriate to attempt to use any one coefficient to correlate to the junction temperature vs load graphs given in the product’s data sheet. The only appropriate way to use the coefficients is when running a detailed thermal analysis, such as FEA, which considers all of the thermal resistances simultaneously. A graphical representation of these thermal resistances is given in Figure 6. The blue resistances are contained within the µModule regulator, and the green are outside. The die temperature of the LTM8003 must be lower than the maximum rating, so care should be taken in the layout of the circuit to ensure good heat sinking of the LTM8003. The bulk of the heat flow out of the LTM8003 is through the bottom of the package and the pads into the printed circuit board. Consequently a poor printed circuit board design can cause excessive heating, resulting in impaired performance or reliability. Please refer to the PCB Layout section for printed circuit board design suggestions. JUNCTION-TO-AMBIENT RESISTANCE (JESD 51-9 DEFINED BOARD) JUNCTION-TO-CASE (TOP) RESISTANCE JUNCTION CASE (TOP)-TO-AMBIENT RESISTANCE JUNCTION-TO-BOARD RESISTANCE JUNCTION-TO-CASE CASE (BOTTOM)-TO-BOARD (BOTTOM) RESISTANCE RESISTANCE AMBIENT BOARD-TO-AMBIENT RESISTANCE 8003 F06 µMODULE DEVICE Figure 6. Graphical Representation of the Thermal Resistances Between the Device Junction and Ambient 24 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 LTM8003 Typical Applications 3.3VOUT from 5VIN to 40VIN Step-Down Converter. BIAS Is Tied to VOUT VIN VIN 5V TO 40V LTM8003-3.3 RUN 4.7µF VOUT 3.3V 4A VOUT BIAS RT 49.9k 850kHz GND 100µF SYNC 8003 TA02 PINS NOT USED IN THIS CIRCUIT: TR/SS, PG 1.2VOUT from 3.4VIN to 40VIN Step-Down Converter. BIAS Is Tied to an External 3.3V Source VIN VIN 3.4V TO 40V LTM8003 RUN BIAS 4.7µF 3.3V VOUT 47pF RT 78.7k 550kHz GND SYNC FB 402k VOUT 1.2V 100µF 4A ×2 8003 TA03 PINS NOT USED IN THIS CIRCUIT: TR/SS, PG 2.5VOUT from 5.5VIN to 15VIN Step-Down Converter. BIAS Is Tied to VIN VIN VIN 5.5V TO 15V LTM8003 BIAS RUN VOUT 4.7µF RT 56.2k 750kHz GND SYNC FB 63.4k 100µF VOUT 2.5V 4A 8003 TA04 PINS NOT USED IN THIS CIRCUIT: TR/SS, PG 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 25 LTM8003 Typical Applications –5VOUT from 5VIN to 35VIN Positive to Negative Converter Maximum Load Current vs VIN, BIAS Open INPUT BULK CAP 6 + VIN 5V TO 35V VIN MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT (A) LTM8003 RUN 41.2k 1MHz OPTIONAL SCHOTTKY DIODE VOUT 4.7µF RT FB GND SYNC 24.3k 47µF 8003 TA05a VOUT –5V PINS NOT USED IN THIS CIRCUIT: TR/SS, PG, BIAS 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 40 8003 TA05b Package Photo Package Description Table 3 LTM8003 Pinout (Adjustable Version, Sorted by Pin Number) PIN PIN NAME PIN PIN NAME PIN PIN NAME PIN PIN NAME A 1 GND B 1 PG C 1 PG D 1 GND A 2 SYNC B 2 SYNC C 2 GND D 2 GND A 3 SS B 3 SS C 3 GND D 3 GND A 4 RT B 4 GND C 4 GND D 4 GND A 5 RT B 5 RUN C 5 NC D 5 NC A 6 GND B 6 RUN C 6 VIN D 6 VIN PIN PIN NAME E 1 GND E 2 GND E 3 GND E 4 GND E 5 NC E 6 NC PIN PIN NAME F 1 FB F 2 FB F 3 GND F 4 GND F 5 GND F 6 GND PIN PIN NAME G 1 BIAS G 2 BIAS G 3 VOUT G 4 VOUT G 5 VOUT G 6 VOUT PIN PIN NAME H 1 VOUT H 2 VOUT H 3 VOUT H 4 VOUT H 5 VOUT H 6 VOUT LTM8003 Pinout (Fixed Output Voltage, Sorted by Pin Number) PIN PIN NAME PIN PIN NAME PIN PIN NAME PIN PIN NAME A 1 GND B 1 PG C 1 PG D 1 GND A 2 SYNC B 2 SYNC C 2 GND D 2 GND A 3 SS B 3 SS C 3 GND D 3 GND A 4 RT B 4 GND C 4 GND D 4 GND A 5 RT B 5 RUN C 5 NC D 5 NC A 6 GND B 6 RUN C 6 VIN D 6 VIN PIN PIN NAME E 1 GND E 2 GND E 3 GND E 4 GND E 5 NC E 6 NC PIN PIN NAME F 1 GND F 2 GND F 3 GND F 4 GND F 5 GND F 6 GND PIN PIN NAME G 1 BIAS G 2 BIAS G 3 VOUT G 4 VOUT G 5 VOUT G 6 VOUT PIN PIN NAME H 1 VOUT H 2 VOUT H 3 VOUT H 4 VOUT H 5 VOUT H 6 VOUT 26 8003f For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 2.5 2.5 SUGGESTED PCB LAYOUT TOP VIEW 1.5 aaa Z 0.50 ±0.025 Ø 48x E 0.000 PACKAGE TOP VIEW 0.5 4 0.5 PIN “A1” CORNER 1.5 Y Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its information circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more www.linear.com/LTM8003 3.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 0.000 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 X D aaa Z NOM 3.32 0.50 2.82 0.60 0.50 9.00 6.25 1.00 7.00 5.00 0.32 2.50 DIMENSIONS b1 A2 A 0.37 2.55 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.10 MAX 3.52 0.60 2.92 0.70 0.53 NOTES DETAIL B PACKAGE SIDE VIEW TOTAL NUMBER OF BALLS: 48 0.27 2.45 MIN 3.12 0.40 2.72 0.50 0.47 DETAIL A SYMBOL A A1 A2 b b1 D E e F G H1 H2 aaa bbb ccc ddd eee H1 SUBSTRATE A1 ddd M Z X Y eee M Z DETAIL B H2 MOLD CAP ccc Z Z F e b 6 4 G 3 e 2 PACKAGE BOTTOM VIEW b 5 1 DETAIL A PIN 1 3 SEE NOTES H G F E D C B A 7 SEE NOTES DETAILS OF PIN #1 IDENTIFIER ARE OPTIONAL, BUT MUST BE LOCATED WITHIN THE ZONE INDICATED. THE PIN #1 IDENTIFIER MAY BE EITHER A MOLD OR MARKED FEATURE BALL DESIGNATION PER JEP95 7 TRAY PIN 1 BEVEL ! PACKAGE IN TRAY LOADING ORIENTATION LTMXXXXXX µModule Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LTM8003#packaging for the most recent package drawings. BGA 48 0215 REV Ø PACKAGE ROW AND COLUMN LABELING MAY VARY AMONG µModule PRODUCTS. REVIEW EACH PACKAGE LAYOUT CAREFULLY 6. SOLDER BALL COMPOSITION IS 96.5% Sn/3.0% Ag/0.5% Cu 5. PRIMARY DATUM -Z- IS SEATING PLANE 4 3 2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 COMPONENT PIN “A1” (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1999 Rev Ø) Øb (48 PLACES) // bbb Z BGA Package 48-Lead (9mm × 6.25mm × 3.32mm) LTM8003 27 8003f LTM8003 Typical Application 0.97VOUT from 3.4VIN to 40VIN Step Down Converter with Spread Spectrum. BIAS is Tied to an External 3.3V Source VIN VIN 3.4V TO 40V LTM8003 RUN 4.7µF VOUT 47pF RT 84k 450kHz FB GND SYNC BIAS 100µF ×2 VOUT 0.97V 4A 8003 TA06 EXTERNAL 3.3V PINS NOT USED IN THIS CIRCUIT: TR/SS, PG Design Resources SUBJECT DESCRIPTION µModule Design and Manufacturing Resources Design: • Selector Guides • Demo Boards and Gerber Files • Free Simulation Tools µModule Regulator Products Search 1. Sort table of products by parameters and download the result as a spread sheet. Manufacturing: • Quick Start Guide • PCB Design, Assembly and Manufacturing Guidelines • Package and Board Level Reliability 2. Search using the Quick Power Search parametric table. TechClip Videos Quick videos detailing how to bench test electrical and thermal performance of µModule products. Digital Power System Management Linear Technology’s family of digital power supply management ICs are highly integrated solutions that offer essential functions, including power supply monitoring, supervision, margining and sequencing, and feature EEPROM for storing user configurations and fault logging. Related Parts PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTM8053 40V, 4A Step-Down µModule Regulator 3.4V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V. 0.97V ≤ VOUT ≤ 15V. 6.25mm x 9mm x 3.32mm BGA Package. LTM8032 36V, 2A Low EMI Step-Down µModule Regulator 3.6V ≤ VIN ≤ 36V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 10V. EN55022B Compliant. LTM8033 36V, 3A Low EMI Step-Down µModule Regulator 3.6V ≤ VIN ≤ 36V. 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 24V. EN55022B Compliant. LTM8026 36V, 5A CVCC Step-Down µModule Regulator 6V ≤ VIN ≤ 36V. 1.2V ≤ VOUT ≤ 24V. Constant Voltage Constant Current Operation. LTM4613 36V, 8A Low EMI Step-Down µModule Regulator 5V ≤ VIN ≤ 36V. 3.3V ≤ VOUT ≤ 15V. EN55022B Compliant LTM8027 60V, 4A Step-Down µModule Regulator 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V, 2.5V ≤ VOUT ≤ 24V. LTM8050 58V, 2A Step-Down µModule Regulator 3.6V ≤ VIN ≤ 58V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 24V. 28 Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LTM8003 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LTM8003 8003f LT 0616 • PRINTED IN USA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2016