Application Note, V1.1, September 2006 AP32111 Scalable Pads Electrical Specification of Scalable Output Drivers in 130nm CMOS Technology Valid for Microcontrollers: TC1766, TC1767, TC1796, TC1797 Microcontrollers Never stop thinking. AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Edition 2010-06 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 München, Germany © Infineon Technologies AG 2006. All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. 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Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. Application Note AP32111 2 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Revision History: 2010-06 V1.1 Previous Version: none Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) all Added TC1767 & TC1797 to scope of appnote; valid for Audo-NG & Audo-Future We Listen to Your Comments Any information within this document that you feel is wrong, unclear or missing at all? Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document. Please send your proposal (including a reference to this document) to: [email protected] Application Note AP32111 3 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Table of Contents Page 1 Preface .............................................................................................................................. 5 2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6 Pad driver scaling in detail................................................................................................. 6 Driver characteristics ...................................................................................................... 6 Edge Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 6 Physical basics .................................................................................................................. 7 Load charging................................................................................................................. 7 Signal integrity ................................................................................................................ 8 Power integrity / Electromagnetic emission.................................................................... 9 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 Measured Timings ........................................................................................................... 10 Load conditions and ambient temperatures..................................................................... 10 Measurement conditions used in this document .......................................................... 10 Measured rise and fall times......................................................................................... 11 Measured Rise/ Fall Time Waveforms ......................................................................... 13 4 Simulated Timings ........................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Simulated timings on selected PCB trace structures....................................................... 26 4.1.1 Description of structures............................................................................................... 26 4.1.2 Rise/fall time diagrams ................................................................................................. 27 4.1.2.1 Rise/fall times of driver/load settings, sorted by layout structures............................ 28 4.1.2.2 Influence of layout structures on rise/fall times ........................................................ 93 4.1.3 Rise/fall waveforms .................................................................................................... 102 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2 Measured Electromagnetic Emission ............................................................................ 121 Description of test equipment ........................................................................................ 121 Conducted emission test configuration....................................................................... 121 Radiated emission test configuration.......................................................................... 122 Instruments and software for emission data recognition ........................................... 122 Emission measurement results...................................................................................... 123 6 Simulated Electromagnetic Emission ............................................................................ 130 7 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 Recommended settings for signal categories................................................................ 139 General .......................................................................................................................... 139 Decision Tables and Graphs ......................................................................................... 140 Measured values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply................................. 143 Simulated values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply................................. 151 Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply................................. 157 Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 2.5V supply................................. 163 8 Glossary......................................................................................................................... 169 Application Note AP32111 4 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 1 Preface Output driver scaling, also referred to as „slew rate control“, is an effective technique to reduce the electromagnetic emission of an integrated circuit by reducing the driver strength and/or smoothing the rising and falling edges of one or more pad output drivers. Output driver scaling makes sense only when a certain margin regarding signal frequency and/or capacitive output load is available. Any driver scaling must maintain proper signal integrity. This application note presents a huge set of output driver characterization data which shall enable the system designers to select proper driver settings to reduce the electromagnetic emission caused by the driver switching while maintaining the desired signal integrity. Parameters under consideration are switching frequency, capacitive output load and ambient temperature. Chapter 2 introduces physical basics behind the scaling. Chapter 3 provides a set of measured rise/fall times under various conditions. Chapter 4 documents rise/fall time simulations performed on PCB models of different signal routing structures. Chapter 5 shows a set of measured electromagnetic emission under various conditions. Chapter 6 shows a set of simulated electromagnetic emission under various conditions. Chapter 7 recommends useful settings for the drivers by introducing signal categories and giving lots of decision tables and graphs. The application note ends with a glossary. The information given in this application note is valid for Infineon Audo-NG and Audo-Future microcontrollers of the TriCore family, fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology. All measurement data are derived from a center lot device of the TC1796-BD step, using the same pad library as all other Audo-NG and Audo-Future microcontrollers. Please note that all numbers given in this application note are no specification values. They are guaranteed by design without being monitored during the IC fabrication process. The numbers are based on timing measurements performed on center lot devices. Thus all values are subject to ca. 10% offset depending on parameter variations like fabrication process and pad supply voltages different from nominal conditions. The final selection of driver settings in system applications should consider this offset. General note: Whenever Class B2 drivers are referenced, the same data is valid for Class B1 drivers. Reason is that the physical designs of Class B1 and Class B2 drivers are similar. Application Note AP32111 5 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 2 Introduction Output driver scaling, also referred to as „slew rate control“, is an effective technique to reduce the electromagnetic emission of an integrated circuit by smoothing the rising and falling edges of one or more pad output drivers. This scaling is introduced by setting corresponding control bits in registers. Fig. 1 shows an example of a pad driver control register, taken from the XC161 specification. While the location and function of the control bits may differ among the available Infineon microcontrollers, the electrical effects caused by these bits remain similar for a given technology. 2.1 Pad driver scaling in detail 2.1.1 Driver characteristics Basically, we distinguish between driver control and edge control. Driver control bits set the general DC driving capability of the respective driver. Reducing the driver strength increases the output’s internal resistance which attenuates noise that is imported/exported via the output line. For a given external load, charging and discharging time varies with the driver strength, thus the rise/fall times will change accordingly. For driving LEDs or power transistors, however, a stable high output current may still be required independent of low toggle rates which would normally allow to decide for weak drivers due to their low transitions and thus low noise emission. The controllable output drivers of the microcontroller pins feature three differently sized transistors (strong, medium, and weak) for each direction (push and pull). The time of activating/deactivating these transistors determines the output characteristics of the respective port driver. Figure 1: Pad output driver schematic The strength of the driver can be selected to adapt the driver characteristics to the application’s requirements: In Strong Driver Mode, the medium and strong transistors are activated. In this mode the driver provides maximum output current even after the target signal level is reached. Strong drivers are only implemented in the Class A2/B2 drivers. Class A1 drivers offer only medium and weak drivers. In Medium Driver Mode, only the medium transistor is activated while the other transistors remain off. In Weak Driver Mode, only the weak transistor is activated while the other transistors remain off. This results in smooth transitions with low current peaks (and reduced susceptibility for noise) on the cost of increased transition times, i.e. slower edges, depending on the capacitive load, and low static current. 2.1.2 Edge Characteristics This defines the rise/fall time for the respective output, i.e. the output transition time. Soft edges reduce the peak currents that are drawn when changing the voltage Application Note AP32111 Figure 2: Port output control bit settings 6 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future level of an external capacitive load. For a bus interface, however, sharp edges may still be required. Edge characteristic effects the pre-driver which controls the final output driver stage. The Port Output Control registers Px_PDR provide the corresponding control bits. A 4-bit control field configures the driver strength and the edge shape. Word ports consume four control nibbles each, byte ports consume two control nibbles each, where each control nibble controls 4 pins of the respective port. Fig. 2 shows the allocation of control bit fields and port pins. Fig. 3 gives an example of a Px_PDR register. In this guideline, the scaling effects of Figure 3: Control register example for Port0 output drivers fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology is described. It serves as a reference addendum to the respective microcontroller product specifications where the individual bit settings can be found. 2.2 Physical basics Two main constraints have to be met when deciding for a certain clock driver setting: signal integrity and power integrity. Both issues will be discussed after a general introduction to capacitive load charging. Load charging Charging Voltage and Current at 40pF Load 4 0,14 3,5 0,12 3 0,1 2,5 0,08 2 0,06 1,5 Current [A] Generally, a switching transistor output stage delivers charge to its corresponding load capacitor during rising edge and draws charge from its load capacitor during falling edge. Timing diagrams normally show the signal’s voltage over time characteristics. However, the resulting timing is a result of the electrical charge transfer described above. Charge is transferred by flowing current. Voltage [V] 2.2.1 0,04 A bigger pad driver means a smaller 1 resistance in the loading path of the 0,02 0,5 external load. Fig. 4 shows the load current and voltage of two examples 0 0 of pad drivers connected to a load of -2,0E-09 0,0E+00 2,0E-09 4,0E-09 6,0E-09 8,0E-09 1,0E-08 C=40pF. The strong driver has on Time [s] output resistance of 25Ω, the weak driver 50Ω. For times t<0, the output Voltage R=50Ohm Voltage R=25Ohm voltage is 0V. At t=0, the load Current R=50Ohm Current R=25Ohm capacitor C is connected to the target output voltage U=3.3V via the Figure 4: Current-/voltage charging curves for respective driver pullup transistor. different driver strengths As a reaction, the load current steps immediately to the value I=U/R. I is bigger for smaller values of R. This means that the strong driver generates a bigger current jump and charges the load capacitor in a shorter time. In time domain this leads to bigger reflections for not adapted driver impedances. Since typical trace impedances range from 60 to 120Ω , a strong driver with Z=10Ω is poorly adapted and may cause Application Note AP32111 7 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future big voltage overand undershoots. A weak driver with Z=100Ω may fit perfectly and generate a clean voltage switching signal without overor undershoots. These effects are discussed in chapter 2.2.2. Not only the pad driver impedance, but also the connected capacitive load determines the electromagnetic emission amplitudes. Fig. 5 illustrates the differences in charging current and voltage between a capacitive load of 40pF and one of 20pF. In both cases, the driver impedance is set to 50Ω. 4 0,14 3,5 0,12 3 0,1 2,5 0,08 2 0,06 1,5 Current [A] Voltage [V] In frequency domain, the current peak which is resulting from the charging of the load capacitor and from the over- or undershoots, causes significant RF energy and thus electromagnetic emission on the pad power supply. These effects are discussed in chapter 2.2.3. Charging Voltage and Current at 50Ohm Driver Impedance 0,04 1 0,02 0,5 0 -2,0E-09 0,0E+00 2,0E-09 4,0E-09 6,0E-09 8,0E-09 0 1,0E-08 Time [s] Voltage Cload=40pF Voltage Cload=20pF Current Cload=40pF Current Cload=20pF Figure 5: Current-/voltage charging curves for different capacitive loads As expected, the charging voltage increases faster for a smaller load. However, the starting value of the charging current is only determined by the driver impedance and is thus load-independent. The load affects only the speed of load current decrease. It decreases faster if the load is smaller. This means on the other hand a bigger di/dt for smaller loads, resulting in higer emission for smaller loads. This disadvantage can be compensated by chosing a smaller pad driver, i.e. a weaker driver setting, causing bigger driver impedance and thus smaller di/dt for the charging current. The selection of a weaker driver setting slows down the pad switching time, so care must be taken to maintain the required signal integrity. 2.2.2 Signal integrity Maintaining signal integrity means to select the rise/fall times such that all signal handshaking and data communication timing and levels are ensured for proper system operation. This means the data interchange between the microcontroller and external ICs like Flash memory, line drivers, receivers and transmitters etc. runs properly. Therefore, it has to be taken into account that CMOS transistors become slower with rising temperature. Thus the timing of a critical signal has to be matched for proper operation at highest ambient temperature. Depending on the application, common temperature ranges are up to 85°C or up to 125°C. Several automotive control units specify an ambient temperature range from Application Note AP32111 Figure 6: Signal over- and undershoots 8 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future -40°C up to 125°C. The die temperature may reach values up to 150°C during operation. Rules: • Choose driver characteristics to meet the DC driving requirements. Make sure that the DC current provided by the microcontroller’s pad drivers is sufficient to drive actuators into the desired logic state. • Choose edge settings to meet system timing constraints at the highest system temperature. Avoid selection of driver settings which are “too strong” for the signal timing and load capacitance. Otherwise unnecessarily fast signal edges would result, causing two disadvantages regarding electromagnetic emission: (1) The slopes are too fast and cause undesired high emission energy at higher frequencies; (2) Over- and undershoot appears with the danger of power/ground bounce affecting the accuracy of analog modules. • If system timing requires short signal rise/fall times, series termination is recommended to avoid over-/undershoot at signal transitions, see Fig. 5. The value of the termination resistor has to be chosen identical to the signal line impedance. 2.2.3 Power integrity / Electromagnetic emission Any switching between low and high voltage levels generates RF noise. This happens whenever the switching voltage or the switching current has no sinusoidal shape. Switching currents are mainly responsible for electromagnetic emission because of the voltage drop across line inductances such as bond wires and lead frames. Any shapes other than sinusoidal are composed by the overlay of multiple frequencies, also known as harmonics. To reach a significantly steep edge of a trapezoidal voltage of a clock signal, short current pulses during the edges are required. These switching currents are outlined as nearly triangular peaks which are composed from the base frequency and a set of odd and even harmonics, depending Figure 7: Spectrum envelope for different clocks and edges on the exact pulse shape. The steeper a switching pulse is, the higher frequencies are required to form the rising and falling edges. A rise time of 1ns leads to a spectrum composed from harmonics up to at least 500 MHz. A typical clock signal consists of 10% rise time, 40% high level, 10% fall time and 40% low level. Operating at 100MHz – equal to 10ns period time – this clock signal already generates at least harmonics up to 500MHz. Unfortunately not the clock frequency, but the rise/fall times determine the resulting RF spectrum. Even if a clock driver operates at a relatively low toggle rate, it may generate the same RF spectrum as if it would operate at a significantly higher toggle rate – as long as its rise/fall times are not adjusted to the lower toggle rate by slowing down the transitions. For example, if the mentioned 100MHz clock driver operates at only 10 MHz, its rise/fall times should be extended from 1 ns to 10 ns, still maintaining the 10% ratio relatively to the clock period time. Fig. 6 illustrates that behaviour. Rule: • Choose driver and edge characteristics to result in lowest electromagnetic emission while meeting all system timing requirements at highest system temperature. Application Note AP32111 9 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 3 Measured Timings 3.1 Load conditions and ambient temperatures The Audo-NG and Audo-Future microcontrollers use several classes of pad drivers: Class A drivers are operated at VDDP=3.3V (nominal) and Class B drivers are operated at VDDE (EBU) in the range between 2.5V and 3.3V (nominal). 3.1.1 Measurement conditions used in this document • A temperature range from TA=-40°C to TA=125°C is covered for the timings. Timings were measured at temperatures -40°C, 0°C, 30°C, 85°C, 110°C and 125°C. Please note that even if signal integrity looks fine at higher temperature, over- or undershoot resulting from improper impedance matching between pad drivers and external load may increase at lower temperature. • If the user is interested in rise/fall time values at other temperatures, a linear interpolation can be done. • Electromagnetic emission is always measured at TA=25°C. • The supply voltage for Class A pad drivers is 3.30V for measurements at TA=30°C. • The supply voltage for Class A pad drivers is 3.13V for measurements at TA>30°C to match worst-case conditions. • The supply voltage for Class A pad drivers is 3.47V for measurements at TA<30°C. • Class B pad driver timings have not been measured, but only simulated. Load capacitors are selected in a way that together with the measurement probe capacitance of 8pF total capacitance values of 18pF up to 55pF are reached. Table 1 shows the reference between real loads and numbers given in the result diagrams. For easy reading, these capacitances are referred to as 20, 30, 40 and 50 pF in the result diagrams. Probe SMD load capacitance capacitor Resulting physical capacitance Referred capacitance 8 pF 10 pF 18 pF 20 pF 8 pF 22 pF 30 pF 30 pF 8 pF 33 pF 41 pF 40 pF 8 pF 47 pF 55 pF 50 pF Table 1: Overview of capacitive loads used for timing measurements The result diagrams show the simulated rising and falling edge timing using an oscilloscope probe of 8pF||1MΩ. The reference points are 10% and 90% as indicated in Fig. 8 for Class A2 pads (VDDP = 3.3V). For measurements at TA=30°C, the pad supply voltage VDDP has been set to 3.30V (nominal VDDP). Thus the voltage levels references for timing measurements at TA=30°C are: 0.33V (low reference) and 2.97V (high reference). For measurements at TA>30°C, the pad supply Application Note AP32111 Figure 8: Voltage level references for Class A timing measurements 10 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future voltage VDDP has been decreased to 3.13V (nominal VDDP minus 5%). Thus the voltage levels references for timing measurements at TA>30°C are: 0.31V (low reference) and 2.82V (high reference). For measurements at TA<30°C, the pad supply voltage VDDP has been increased to 3.47V (nominal VDDP plus 5%). Thus the voltage levels references for timing measurements at TA<30°C are: 0.35V (low reference) and 3.12V (high reference). The probing point for timing measurements is connected to the pin under test via a straight 3 cm long 50 Ohm trace without via contacts. 3.1.2 Measured rise and fall times Fig. 9-38 show the measured 10-90% rise times and 90-10% fall times of all Class A2 driver strengths at TA=-40°C, 0°C, 30°C, 85°C, 110°C and 125°C. The physically connected load capacitor values are according the “Referred capacitances” listed in Table 1. The abbreviations used for driver strength and load description are listed in Table 2. The respective load capacitor is connected close to the driver pin. It is connected from the pin to GND. GPIO measurements have been done at Port 2.2 of the TC1796 and are valid for all other Class A2 pins of the Audo-NG and Audo-Future microcontrollers fabricated in 0.13µm CMOS technology. Table 3 lists the measured rise and fall times for all Class A2 driver settings at various ambient temperatures for two different capacitive loads. Fig. 9-38 show the waveforms of these measured rise and fall times. Fig. 39-40 present the rise and fall times as a function of driver settings for ambient temperatures of 30°C and 125°C. Fig. 41-45 present the rise and fall times as a function of ambient temperature for every driver setting with various capacitive loads. Abbreviation Driver strength Resulting physical capacitance SSH-20pF Strong-sharp 18 pF SSH-30pF Strong-sharp 30 pF SSH-40pF Strong-sharp 41 pF SSH-50pF Strong-sharp 55 pF SME-20pF Strong-medium 18 pF SME-30pF Strong-medium 30 pF SME-40pF Strong-medium 41 pF SME-50pF Strong-medium 55 pF SSO-20pF Strong-soft 18 pF SSO-30pF Strong-soft 30 pF SSO-40pF Strong-soft 41 pF SSO-50pF Strong-soft 55 pF MED-20pF Medium 18 pF MED-30pF Medium 30 pF MED-40pF Medium 41 pF MED-50pF Medium 55 pF WEA-20pF Weak 18 pF WEA-30pF Weak 30 pF WEA-40pF Weak 41 pF WEA-50pF Weak 55 pF Table 2: Abbreviations used in the timing result diagrams Application Note AP32111 11 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 20pF Load 40pF Load Strong-Sharp Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 0.714 0.628 0 0.751 0.644 30 0.838 0.735 85 0.908 0.706 110 0.902 0.718 125 0.913 0.758 Strong-Sharp Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 1.626 1.503 0 1.66 1.494 30 1.733 1.495 85 1.866 1.549 110 2.041 1.605 125 2.038 1.607 Strong-Medium Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 1.377 1.543 0 1.652 1.777 30 1.875 2.167 85 2.584 2.767 110 2.721 2.835 125 2.801 2.940 Strong-Medium Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 2.577 3.083 0 3.016 3.384 30 3.53 3.82 85 4.303 4.667 110 4.767 4.912 125 4.587 5.176 Strong-Soft Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 4.48 5.76 0 4.93 6.75 30 5.85 7.69 85 6.94 9.74 110 7.19 9.99 125 7.65 10.17 Strong-Soft Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 6.23 9.84 0 6.74 9.94 30 7.52 12.41 85 9.33 15.05 110 9.93 16.57 125 10.85 17.88 Medium Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 10.38 10.92 0 10.9 11.77 30 12.24 13.23 85 14.69 17.64 110 14.98 17.84 125 15.06 17.48 Medium Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 28.02 19.38 0 33.56 21.33 30 33.04 25.99 85 42.97 30.91 110 45.79 33.26 125 45.12 36.24 Weak Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 48.64 54.32 0 51.56 64.32 30 59.99 70.16 85 69.69 91.34 110 73.41 95.67 125 72.76 97.67 Weak Temperature(°C) Rise Time(ns) Fall Time(ns) -40 130.64 118.67 0 143.67 123.32 30 147.99 131.59 85 172.91 165.06 110 187.52 179.5 125 194.91 191.5 Table 3: Measured rise and fall times for 20pF and 40pF capacitive load Application Note AP32111 12 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 3.1.3 Measured Rise/ Fall Time Waveforms Figure 9: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at -40°C ambient temperature Figure 10: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at -40°C ambient temperature Figure 11: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at -40°C ambient temperature Figure 12: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at -40°C ambient temperature Figure 13: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at -40°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 13 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 14: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 0°C ambient temperature Figure 15: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 0°C ambient temperature Figure 16: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 0°C ambient temperature Figure 17: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 0°C ambient temperature Figure 18: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 0°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 14 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 19: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 30°C ambient temperature Figure 20: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 30°C ambient temperature Figure 21: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 30°C ambient temperature Figure 22: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 30°C ambient temperature Figure 23: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 30°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 15 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 24: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 85°C ambient temperature Figure 25: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 85°C ambient temperature Figure 26: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 85°C ambient temperature Figure 27: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 85°C ambient temperature Figure 28: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 85°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 16 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 29: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 110°C ambient temperature Figure 30: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 110°C ambient temperature Figure 31: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 110°C ambient temperature Figure 32: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 110°C ambient temperature Figure 33: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 110°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 17 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 34: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” at 125°C ambient temperature Figure 35: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Medium” at 125°C ambient temperature Figure 36: Waveforms Class A2 “Strong-Soft” at 125°C ambient temperature Figure 37: Waveforms Class A2 “Medium” at 125°C ambient temperature Figure 38: Waveforms Class A2 “Weak” at 125°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 18 V1.1, 2010-06 Application Note AP32111 19 0 -2 Mode [Driver-Load] p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 2 3 5 4 2 5 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 5 2 5 4 5 3 H SH - S H - SH - M E- M E - M E - M E- SO - SO - S O - SO - E D - E D - E D - E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W S S S 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Class A2 10-90% Edges for all Driver Settings Rise Time 30°C [ns] Fall Time 30°C [ns] Rise Time 125°C [ns] Fall Time 125°C [ns] AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 39: Timings Class A2 for all driver settings V1.1, 2010-06 Trise, Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 20 p 20 F p 30 F p 40 F p 50 F Mode [Driver-Load] p F 0p F 0pF 0p F 0pF 0p F 0pF 0p F 0pF 0p F 0p F 0pF 0 5 2 3 4 -3 -5 -2 -4 -2 -4 -3 -5 EEEEH H H H D D D D O O O O S S S S E E E E S S S S M M M M S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Fall Time 125°C [ns] Rise Time 125°C [ns] Fall Time 30°C [ns] Rise Time 30°C [ns] Class A2 10-90% Edges for "Strong" & "Medium" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 40: Zoomed timings Class A2 for strong and medium driver settings V1.1, 2010-06 Trise, T fall [ns] Application Note AP32111 21 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 -40 0 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 120 Class A2 "Strong-Sharp" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature SSH-20pF Rise Time SSH-20pF Fall Time SSH-30pF Rise Time SSH-30pF Fall Time SSH-40pF Rise Time SSH-40pF Fall Time SSH-50pF Rise Time SSH-50pF Fall Time AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 41: Class A2 “strong-sharp” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range V1.1, 2010-06 Trise, Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 22 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -40 0 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 120 SME-20pF Rise Time SME-20pF Fall Time SME-30pF Rise Time SME-30pF Fall Time SME-40pF Rise Time SME-40pF Fall Time SME-50pF Rise Time SME-50pF Fall Time Class A2 "Strong-Medium" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 42: Class A2 “strong-med” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range V1.1, 2010-06 Trise, Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 23 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 -40 0 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 120 Class A2 "Strong Soft" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature SSO-20pF Rise Time SSO-20pF Fall Time SSO-30pF Rise Time SSO-30pF Fall Time SSO-40pF Rise Time SSO-40pF Fall Time SSO-50pF Rise Time SSO-50pF Fall Time AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 43: Class A2 “strong-soft” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range V1.1, 2010-06 Trise, Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 24 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 -40 0 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 120 Class A2 "Medium" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature MED-20pF Rise Time MED-20pF Fall Time MED-30pF Rise Time MED-30pF Fall Time MED-40pF Rise Time MED-40pF Fall Time MED-50pF Rise Time MED-50pF Fall Time AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 44: Class A2 “Medium” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range V1.1, 2010-06 Trise, Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 25 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 -40 0 Ambient Temperature [°C] 40 80 120 Class A2 "Weak" Rise/Fall Times over Temperature WEA-20pF Rise Time WEA-20pF Fall Time WEA-30pF Rise Time WEA-30pF Fall Time WEA-40pF Rise Time WEA-40pF Fall Time WEA-50pF Rise Time WEA-50pF Fall Time AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 45: Class A2 “Weak” driver rise/fall times over full ambient temperature range V1.1, 2010-06 Trise, Tfall [ns] AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 4 Simulated Timings 4.1 Simulated timings on selected PCB trace structures 4.1.1 Description of structures A temperature range from TA=25°C to TA=150°C is covered for the timings. Please note that in addition to the measured timings, which use discrete load capacitors, it is interesting to compare timing waveforms for various PCB structures. This overview provides a good guess on the impact of serial termination, the use of via contacts, and the shape of trace structures connected to a pad driver. We use 4 different structures, shown in Fig. 46: (a) Point-to-Point, (b) Bus, (c) Star, (d) Tree. Each of the structures was drawn in 4 versions and simulated with Sigrity Speed2000™. The 4 versions are: (1) no vias, no series termination, (2) no vias, series termination at transmitter, (3) vias, no series termination, (4) vias, series termination. In case of no vias, all traces are routed on the top PCB layer where transmitter and receivers are soldered. In case of vias, the red traces in Fig. 46 are routed on the bottom PCB layer. In case of series termination, a 51Ω resistor Rt is connected directly at the transmitter output in the data line. Figure 46: Set of PCB trace structures The layer stack of the printed circuit board model is shown in Fig. 47. It consists of 4 layers in standard FR4 material in the order signal-GND-VCC-signal. 300µm trace width results in a 57Ω trace impedance. The capacitance per unit length is 1pF/cm. An input capacitance of 5pF per CMOS receiver input is assumed. The driver is represented by the IBIS model listed in Appendix A. The driver strength can be selected to be “strongsharp”, “strong-medium”, “strong-soft”, “medium” and “weak”. Application Note AP32111 Figure 47: PCB layer stack 26 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future The length of each trace piece marked “l” in Fig. 46 has been dimensioned such that the resulting total trace capacitance plus the receiver gate capacitances are 20pF, 30pF, 40pF and 50pF. Table 4 lists the resulting trace lengths. The via contacts connect signals on the top layer with signals on the bottom layer. Structure Point-toPoint Load Length “l” Width “w” 20 pF 5.1 cm 300 µm 30 pF 8.5 cm 300 µm 40pF 11.9 cm 300 µm 50 pF 15.3 cm 300 µm Bus 20 pF 4.4 cm 300 µm 30 pF 7.9 cm 300 µm 40 pF 12.5 cm 300 µm 50 pF 16.8 cm 300 µm Star 20 pF 4.2 cm 300 µm 30 pF 8.1 cm 300 µm 40 pF 12.2 cm 300 µm 50 pF 16.9 cm 300 µm Tree 20 pF 5.9 cm 300 µm 30 pF 11.4 cm 300 µm 40 pF 17.2 cm 300 µm 50 pF 21.3 cm 300 µm Table 4: Dimensions of PCB structures Fig. 50-110 show the simulated rise and fall times as a function of PCB structures with different capacitive loads. In each diagram, the measured timings and the simulated timings with ideal capacitive load are given for reference. To keep a better overview, one diagram contains only the curves for one structure operating at one temperature. The parameters varied in one diagram are the load capacitance and the driver settings. The abbreviations are as defined in Table 2. 4.1.2 Rise/fall time diagrams All rise/fall times refer to the 10-90% rising edge and to the 90-10% falling edge of the transmitter output voltage. Details are identical to the measured timings and levels described in chapter 3.1.1. Weak driver strength has not been simulated because of the very low rise and fall times. Main purpose is to show the influence of via contacts which are placed on the traces, and series termination resistors placed at the driver outputs. The 4 via/termination combinations are marked in the diagrams as follows: “Vias No Term No” = no via contacts, no termination resistor “Vias Yes Term No” = via contacts, but no termination resistor “Vias No Term Yes” = no via contacts, but termination resistor “Vias Yes Term Yes” = via contacts and termination resistor Application Note AP32111 27 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future The result diagrams show the simulated rising and falling edge timing using an oscilloscope probe of 8pF||1MΩ. The reference points are 10% and 90% as indicated in Fig. 7 for Class A2 pads (VDDP = 3.3V) and in Fig. 8 for Class B2 pads (VDDE = 2.5V). For simulations at TA=150°C, the pad supply voltage VDDP has been decreased to 3.13V (nominal VDDP minus 5%). Thus the voltage levels references for timing simulations at TA=150°C are: 0.31V (low reference) and 2.82V (high reference). Figure 48: Voltage level references for Class A timing measurements For simulations at TA=150°C, the EBU supply voltage VDDE has been decreased to 2.38V (nominal VDDE minus 5%). Thus the voltage levels references for timing simulations at TA=150°C are: 0.24V (low reference) and 2.14V (high reference). Figure 49: Voltage level references for Class B timing measurements 4.1.2.1 Rise/fall times of driver/load settings, sorted by layout structures Fig. 50-113 show the rise/fall times – 10/90% margins as described above – for selected driver/load combinations as listed in Table 2, for the four layout structures under investigation. One diagram contains the results for the four vias/termination combinations explained above plus the measured values. The diagram title indicates the structure under investigation, the driver class (A2 or B2) and in case of class B2 the supply voltage (2.5V or 3.3V). Note that Class B1 drivers are similar to the Class B2 drivers. Thus all timings given for Class B2 are also valid for Class B1. All diagrams for class A2 drivers assume 3.3V supply voltage. At high temperature (150°C ambient temperature), the supply voltages have been decreased by 10%. Numbers are given in the paragraph above. Application Note AP32111 28 V1.1, 2010-06 Application Note AP32111 29 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Point to Point Vias No Term No Point to Point Vias Yes Term No Point to Point Vias No Term Yes Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 50: Class B2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Point to Point Vias No Term No Point to Point Vias Yes Term No Point to Point Vias No Term Yes Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 51: Class B2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 31 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF P2P Vias Yes Term Yes P2P Vias No Term Yes P2P Vias Yes Term No P2P Vias No Term No Measurement Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 52: Class B2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 32 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement P2P Vias No Term No P2P Vias Yes Term No P2P Vias No Term Yes P2P Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 53: Class B2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C 2.5V Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 54: Class B2 rise times for “Star” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 34 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 55: Class B2 fall times for “Star” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 35 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias No Term No Measurement Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 56: Class B2 rise times for “Star” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 36 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF Star Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term No Measurement Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 57: Class B2 fall times for “Star” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 37 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 58: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 38 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 59: Class B2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 39 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 60: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 40 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 61: Class B2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 41 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 62: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 42 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term No Measurement Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 63: Class B2 fall times for “Bus” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 43 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF SME-30pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term No Measurement Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 64: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 44 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C 2.5V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 65: Class B2 fall times for “Bus” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 45 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH50pF SME20pF SME30pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH40pF SME40pF SME50pF Measurement Point to Point Vias No Term No Point to Point Vias Yes Term No Point to Point Vias No Term Yes Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 66: Class B2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 46 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Point to Point Vias No Term No Point to Point Vias Yes Term No Point to Point Vias No Term Yes Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 67: Class B2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 47 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C 3.3V P2P Vias Yes Term No P2P Vias No Term Yes P2P Vias Yes Term Yes P2P Vias No Term No Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 68: Class B2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 48 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF P2P Vias Yes Term No P2P Vias No Term Yes P2P Vias Yes Term Yes P2P Vias No Term No Measurement Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 69: Class B2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 49 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 70: Class B2 rise times for “Star” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 71: Class B2 fall times for “Star” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 51 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Star Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term No Measurement Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 72: Class B2 rise times for “Star” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 52 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C 3.3V Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 73: Class B2 fall times for “Star” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 53 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 74: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 54 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 75: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 55 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C 3.3V Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Tree Vias No Term No Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 76: Class B2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 56 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Measurement Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 77: Class B2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 57 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 78: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 58 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SME-20pF Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-50pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 79: Class B2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 59 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term No Measurement Class B2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 80: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mode [Driver-Load] SSH-20pF SSH-30pF SSH-40pF SSH-50pF SME-20pF SME-30pF SME-40pF SME-50pF Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Class B2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C 3.3V AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 81: Class B2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 61 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p 0p -2 -3 -4 -5 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 H H H H O O O O D D D D A A A A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS ME ME ME ME WE WE WE WE 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Point-to-Point Vias No Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No Point-to-Point Vias No Term No Measurement Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 82: Class A2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 62 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 p 3 0 p 4 0 p 5 0 p 2 0 p 3 0 p 4 0 p 5 0 p 2 0p 3 0p 4 0p 5 0 p 20 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 2 0p 3 0p 4 0p 5 0p 2 H - SH - SH - SH - M E- M E- M E- M E- SO - SO - SO - SO - E D - E D - E D - E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Measurement Point to Point Vias No Term No Point to Point Vias Yes Term No Point to Point Vias No Term Yes Point to Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 83: Class A2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 63 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 2 - E- E- EH- H- H- H- E O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Measurement P2P Vias No Term No P2P Vias Yes Term No P2P Vias No Term Yes P2P Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 84: Class A2 rise times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 64 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 2 E E E H- H- H- H- E O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Measurement P2P Vias No Term No P2P Vias Yes Term No P2P Vias No Term Yes P2P Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 85: Class A2 fall times for “Point-to-Point” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 65 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Measurement Point-to-Point Vias No Term No Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No Point-to-Point Vias No Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias Yes TermYes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 86: Zoomed rise times Class A2- Point-to-Point layout for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 66 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias No Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No Point-to-Point Vias No Term No Measurement Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 87: Zoomed fall times Class A2- Point-to-Point layout for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 67 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias No Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No Point-to-Point Vias No Term No Measurement Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 88: Zoomed rise times Class A2- P2P layout for strong driver settings at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 68 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Measurement P2P Vias No Term No P2P Vias Yes Term No P2P Vias No Term Yes P2P Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures at 150°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 89: Zoomed fall times Class A2- P2P layout for strong driver settings at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 69 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 2 E E E O - O - O - O - D - D - D - D- A - A - A - A H- H- H- H- E SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 90: Class A2 rise times for “Star” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 70 0 -2 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 pF 0p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 p F 0p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 p F 0p F 0 p F 0 p F 0p F 2 5 3 4 4 3 5 2 2 5 4 3 5 4 3 2 4 3 5 H SH - S H - S H - M E - M E- M E - M E - S O - S O - SO - S O - E D - E D - E D - E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W S S S 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 91: Class A2 fall times for “Star” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Application Note AP32111 71 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 2 - E- E- EH- H- H- H- E O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 92: Class A2 rise times for “Star” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 72 Mode [Driver-Load] pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 -2 -3 -4 -5 H - S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D- E D- E D- E D- E A - E A - E A - E A S S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 93: Class A2 fall times for “Star” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 73 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers Star Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term No Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 94: Zoomed rise times Class A2- Star layout for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 74 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers Star Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term No Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 95: Zoomed fall times Class A2- Star layout for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 75 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C "Strong" Drivers Measurement Star Vias No Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 96: Zoomed rise times Class A2- Star layout for strong driver settings at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 76 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Star" Structures at 150°C "Strong" Drivers Star Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias No Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term No Star Vias No Term No Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 97: Zoomed fall times Class A2- Star layout for strong driver settings at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 77 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 2 E E E O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A H- H- H- H- E SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 98: Class A2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 78 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 2 E E E O - O - O - O - D- D- D- D- A - A - A - A H- H- H- H- E SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 99: Class A2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 79 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 p 30 p 40 p 50 p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 2 - E- E- EH- H- H- H- E O - O - O - O - D - D - D - D- A - A - A - A SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 100: Class A2 rise times for “Tree” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 80 Mode [Driver-Load] pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0 5 3 2 2 3 4 4 5 2 3 4 5 4 5 3 2 -2 -3 -4 -5 H - S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D - E D - E D- E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 101: Class A2 fall times for “Tree” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 81 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term No Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 102: Zoomed rise times Class A2-Tree layout for Strong Driver Settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 82 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 103: Zoomed fall times Class A2- Tree layout for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 83 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C "Strong" Drivers Measurement Tree Vias No Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 104: Zoomed rise times Class A2 Tree layout for strong driver settings at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 84 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Tree" Structures at 150°C "Strong" Drivers Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Tree Vias No Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias No Term No Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 105: Zoomed fall times Class A2 Tree layout for strong driver settings at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 85 Mode [Driver-Load] p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 2 3 4 H SH SH SH E E E E SO SO SO SO ED ED ED ED EA- EA- EA- EAS M M M M S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 106: Class A2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 86 Mode [Driver-Load] pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0 5 3 2 2 3 4 5 4 5 -2 -3 -4 -5 2 3 4 2 5 4 3 H - S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D - E D - E D- E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term No Measurement Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 107: Class A2 fall times for “Bus” layout at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 87 Mode [Driver-Load] pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 -2 -3 -4 -5 H - S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D- E D- E D- E D - E A - E A - E A - E A S S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 108: Class A2 rise times for “Bus” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 88 Mode [Driver-Load] pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0p F 0p F 0p F 0p F 0pF 0pF 0pF 0pF 0 -2 H -3 H -4 H -5 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 -2 -3 -4 -5 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 H O O O O SS SS SS SS SM SM SM SM SS SS SS SS M E M E M E M E W E W E W E W E 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 109: Class A2 fall times for “Bus” layout at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 89 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term No Measurement AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 110: Zoomed rise times Class A2-Bus layout for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 111: Zoomed fall times Class A2-Bus layout for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 91 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C "Strong" Drivers Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 112: Zoomed rise times Class A2-Bus layout for strong driver settings at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 92 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB "Bus" Structures at 150°C "Strong" Drivers Measurement Bus Vias No Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias No Term Yes Bus Vias Yes Term Yes AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 113: Zoomed fall times Class A2-Bus layout for strong driver settings at 150°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 4.1.2.2 Influence of layout structures on rise/fall times Fig. 114-121 indicate that the different structures lead to quite similar timing results. Any considerations of layout structures are only suggested when assessing time-critical signals using strong driver modes, see figures 116-117 and 120-121. Application Note AP32111 93 V1.1, 2010-06 Application Note AP32111 94 Mode [Driver-Load] F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 20p 30p 40p 50p 2 H SH SH SH E- E- E- E- SO SO SO SO ED- ED- ED- ED- EA EA EA EA S M M M M S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W S S S 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Point to Point Vias Yes Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Bus Vias Yes Term No Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 114: Class A2 rise times for all PCB structures at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 95 0 -2 Mode [Driver-Load] pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 4 5 3 5 4 3 2 -5 -3 -4 -2 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -2 -5 -3 H S H - SH - S H - M E M E M E M E S O- SO- S O- SO- ED E D ED E D EA EA E A EA S S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Bus Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Point to Point Vias Yes Term No Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 115: Class A2 fall times for all PCB structures at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 96 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Bus Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 116: Zoomed rise times Class A2- all PCB structures for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 97 0 2 4 6 8 10 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Bus Vias Yes Term No Tree Vias Yes Term No Star Vias Yes Term No Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term No Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 117: Zoomed fall times Class A2- all PCB structures for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 98 0 -2 Mode [Driver-Load] pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 3 5 -2 -3 - 4 -5 4 2 5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 - 5 4 3 H SH - SH - SH - M E M E M E M E SO- SO- SO - SO- ED ED ED ED EA EA EA EA S S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 118: Class A2 rise times for all PCB structures at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Trise [ns] Application Note AP32111 99 0 -2 Mode [Driver-Load] p F 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 pF 0 pF 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 0 p F 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 5 -2 - 3 -4 -5 3 4 5 2 3 4 H S H - S H - S H - M E M E M E M E S O - S O - S O - S O - E D - E D - E D- E D - E A - E A - E A- E AS S S S S S S S S S S S S M M M M W W W W 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 119: Class A2 fall times for all PCB structures at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 10-90% Rising Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 120: Zoomed rise times Class A2- all PCB structures for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] Application Note AP32111 101 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SSH20pF SSH30pF SSH40pF SSH50pF SME30pF SME40pF SME50pF Mode [Driver-Load] SME20pF SSO20pF SSO30pF SSO40pF SSO50pF Bus Vias Yes Term Yes Tree Vias Yes Term Yes Star Vias Yes Term Yes Point-to-Point Vias Yes Term Yes Class A2 90-10% Falling Edges for PCB Structures at 25°C "Strong" Drivers AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Figure 121: Zoomed fall times Class A2- all PCB structures for strong driver settings at 25°C V1.1, 2010-06 Tfall [ns] AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 4.1.3 Rise/fall waveforms The following waveforms result from Speed2000™ timing simulations of the PCB structures described in chapter 4.1.1. Since the waveforms of the different structures are very similar, only “point-to-point” and “bus” structures are presented here with loads of 20pF and 40pF. However, the influence of via contacts and termination resistors is visible from the waveforms. Each of Fig. 123-158 contains 4 waveforms for a given pad type (Class A or Class B), a given ambient temperature (25°C or 150°C) and a given driver strength. Depending on these settings, certain clock frequencies can be driven or not. The waveforms show one of the frequencies: 80MHz, 40MHz, 20MHz, 10MHz or 1MHz – whatever is the highest frequency for a given setting which shows an acceptable signal integrity (i.e. high and low voltage levels are reached during switching). Note the different high voltage levels for Class A and Class B pads: Since Class B pads are implemented for the EBU interface drivers, the Class B simulations use 2.5V high level, whereas the Class A simulations use 3.3V high level. The 4 configurations shown in one figure are distributed as follows: 20pF Capacitive Load 40pF Capacitive Load No Termination Resistor No Termination Resistor 20pF Capacitive Load 40pF Capacitive Load 51Ω Termination Resistor 51Ω Termination Resistor Figure 122: General grouping of waveform configurations Application Note AP32111 102 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V 5,0V 5,0V 4,0V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -1,0V -2,0V -2,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -3,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V 3,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Figure 123: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” /“Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temperature Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V 3,5V 5,0V 3,0V 4,0V 2,5V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,5V -1,0V 0,0V -2,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -3,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 2.5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Figure 124: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” /“Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 103 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 3,0V 4,0V 2,5V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 3,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Figure 125:Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” /“Point-to-Point”at 150°C ambient temperature Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 3,0V 4,0V 2,5V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 3,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Figure 126: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” /“Bus” at 150°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 104 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium 2.5V Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium 2.5V 3,5V 4,0V 3,0V 3,5V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium 2.5V 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 127: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Med” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temperature Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium 2.5V Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium 2.5V 3,0V 5,0V 2,5V 4,0V 2,0V 3,0V 1,5V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium 2.5V 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium 2.5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 128: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Med” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 105 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 2,5V 3,0V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s Figure 129: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Med” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temperature Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 3,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 130: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Med” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 106 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class B2 3.3V:Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax 5,0V 6,0V 4,0V 5,0V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -1,0V -2,0V -2,0V -3,0V -3,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -4,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax 4,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Figure 131: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “P2P” at 25°C ambient temperature Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax 6,0V 5,0V 5,0V 4,0V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -1,0V -2,0V -2,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -3,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmax -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Figure 132: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 107 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,0V 1,5V 1,0V 0,0V 0,5V 0,0V -1,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 4,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Figure 133: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “P2P” at 150°C ambient temperature Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,5V 0,0V -1,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp VDDEmin 4,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 5,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 35,0E-9s 5,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 15,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 25,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 35,0E-9s Figure 134: Waveforms Class B2 80 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 108 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax 5,0V 4,0V 3,5V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class B2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax 4,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 135: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “P2P” at 25°C ambient temperature Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax 4,0V 7,0V 3,5V 6,0V 3,0V 5,0V 2,5V 4,0V 2,0V 3,0V 1,5V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -1,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class B2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmax 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 136: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 109 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class B2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 4,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 137: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “P2P” at 150°C ambient temperature Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class B2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium VDDEmin 4,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 138: Waveforms Class B2 40 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 110 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 8,0V 6,0V 5,0V 6,0V 4,0V 4,0V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -2,0V -2,0V -3,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -4,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 139: Waveforms Class A2 40 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper. Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 7,0V 6,0V 5,0V 5,0V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 1,0V 2,0V 1,0V -1,0V 0,0V -3,0V -1,0V -2,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s -5,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 4,5V 5,0V 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s Figure 140: Waveforms Class A2 40 MHz “Strong-Sharp” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temperature Application Note AP32111 111 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 5,0V 5,0V 4,0V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -1,0V -2,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 70,0E-9s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Figure 141: Waveforms Class A2 40 MHz “Strong-Sharp”/ “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper. Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Sharp Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Sharp 5,0V 5,0V 4,0V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s -1,0V 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Sharp Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Sharp 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s 80,0E-9s Figure 142: Waveforms Class A2 40 MHz “Strong-Sharp”/ “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 112 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium 6,0V 5,0V 5,0V 4,0V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,0V -1,0V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 140,0E-9s 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium -1,0V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 140,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s Figure 143: Waveforms Class A2 20 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper. Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium 6,0V 4,5V 4,0V 5,0V 3,5V 4,0V 3,0V 2,5V 3,0V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,5V 0,0V -1,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 0,00E+00 -0,5V 2,00E-08 4,00E-08 6,00E-08 8,00E-08 1,00E-07 1,20E-07 1,40E-07 1,60E-07 -1,0V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s Figure 144: Waveforms Class A2 20 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 113 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 140,0E-9s Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 140,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s Figure 145: Waveforms Class A2 20 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper. Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Medium Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Medium 4,0V 5,0V 3,5V 4,0V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,0V 0,5V -1,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s -2,0V 000,0E+0s 10,0E-9s 20,0E-9s 30,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 70,0E-9s Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Medium Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Medium 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 20,0E-9s 40,0E-9s 60,0E-9s 80,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 120,0E-9s 140,0E-9s 160,0E-9s Figure 146: Waveforms Class A2 20 MHz “Strong-Medium” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 114 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Soft Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Soft 5,0V 4,0V 3,5V 4,0V 3,0V 2,5V 3,0V 2,0V 1,5V 2,0V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -1,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V -0,5V 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Soft Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Soft -1,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 300,0E-9s -1,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Figure 147: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Strong-Soft” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper. Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Soft Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Soft 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 0,0V 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Soft Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Soft 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Figure 148: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Strong-Soft” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 115 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Soft Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Soft 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 0,0V 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Soft Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Soft 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Figure 149: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Strong-Soft” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper. Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Strong-Soft Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Strong-Soft 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 0,0V 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Strong-Soft Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Strong-Soft 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Figure 150: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Strong-Soft” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 116 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Medium Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Medium 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Medium Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Medium 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Figure 151: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Medium” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper. Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Medium Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Medium 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 3,5V 4,0V 3,0V 3,5V 2,5V 3,0V 2,0V 2,5V 1,5V 2,0V 1,0V 1,5V 0,5V 1,0V 0,0V 0,5V 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Medium Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Medium -0,5V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Figure 152: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Medium” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 117 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Medium Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Medium 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Medium Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Medium 0,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Figure 153: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Medium” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper. Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Medium Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Medium 3,5V 4,0V 3,0V 3,5V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,0V 000,0E+0s 0,5V 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Medium Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Medium 0,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 50,0E-9s 100,0E-9s 150,0E-9s 200,0E-9s 250,0E-9s 300,0E-9s Figure 154: Waveforms Class A2 10 MHz “Medium” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 118 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Weak Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Weak 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 0,00E+00 5,00E-07 1,00E-06 1,50E-06 2,00E-06 2,50E-06 3,00E-06 -0,5V -200,0E-9s 300,0E-9s 800,0E-9s 1,3E-6s 1,8E-6s 2,3E-6s 2,8E-6s Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Weak Class A2 25°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Weak 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s Figure 155: Waveforms Class A2 1 MHz “Weak” / “Point-to-Point” at 25°C ambient temper. Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Weak Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Weak 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Weak Class A2 25°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Weak 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s Figure 156: Waveforms Class A2 1 MHz “Weak” / “Bus” at 25°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 119 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Weak Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Weak 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 2,5E-6s 4,0V 4,0V 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Weak Class A2 150°C P2P w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Weak 0,0V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 2,5E-6s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s Figure 157: Waveforms Class A2 1 MHz “Weak” / “Point-to-Point” at 150°C ambient temper. Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 20pF Weak Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/o Term 40pF Weak 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 0,0V 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s -0,5V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 40pF Weak Class A2 150°C Bus w/ Vias w/ Term 20pF Weak 3,5V 3,5V 3,0V 3,0V 2,5V 2,5V 2,0V 2,0V 1,5V 1,5V 1,0V 1,0V 0,5V 0,5V 0,0V -0,5V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s 0,0V 000,0E+0s 500,0E-9s 1,0E-6s 1,5E-6s 2,0E-6s 2,5E-6s 3,0E-6s Figure 158: Waveforms Class A2 1 MHz “Weak” / “Bus” at 150°C ambient temper. Application Note AP32111 120 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 5 Measured Electromagnetic Emission In addition to signal integrity, the scaling of pad drivers helps to reduce electromagnetic emission (EME) caused by switching output pins. This is because slower signal edges produce less high frequency contents in the emission spectra. The following rule should be obeyed when selecting pad driver strength: Use the weakest/slowest driver setting which provides the required signal timing at worst-case operating conditions. Worst-case operating conditions are: - maximum ambient temperature (e.g. +125°C) - minimum pad supply voltage (e.g. 3.13V) - realistic capacitive output load (consider trace length, trace structure, connected receiver input loads) To illustrate the benefits of driver scaling for low EME, some sample measurement results are provided. The measurements have been performed under two operating conditions: Operating condition: Port 2 toggling at low data rate with capacitive loads of 0pF, 10pF, 22pF, 33pF, 47pF. Core running in idle loop. Conducted emission measured at pad supply (VDDP) and core supply (VDDC) according to chapter 5.1.1. Radiated emission measured in mini-TEM cell according to chapter 5.1.2. Please note that all emission peaks visible between 900 MHz and 1000 MHz result from cellular phone activity and should be ignored when assessing the IC-related emission. 5.1 Description of test equipment 5.1.1 Conducted emission configuration test Conducted emission is measured using the standardized 150Ω network, see Fig. 91. This network is used for both port and power supply emission measurements. For reference purpose, only the emission measured at the supply domains VDDP (3.3V pad supply) and VDDC (1.5V core supply) are documented. Emission reduction can be observed in a similar way on passive (i.e. non-switching) pad pins. 150Ω networks are provided for conducted emission measurements according IEC 61967 part 4 and BISS emission test specification. For the measurements the probing points shown in Fig. 159 connected to VDD1 (is VDDC) and VDD2 (is VDDP) are used. No testing was performed at passive I/Os. Application Note AP32111 Figure 159: Conducted emission probing points 121 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 5.1.2 Radiated emission test configuration Radiated emission is measured using the standard Mini TEM Cell according IEC 61967 part 2 and BISS emission test specification. The frequency range is from 150kHz to 1000MHz. Figure 160: Radiated emission test setup 5.1.3 Instruments and software for emission data recognition Spectrum analyzer: Rohde&Schwarz FSP7 (9kHz ... 7GHz) Start frequency: 150kHz Stop frequency: 1001MHz Frequency step: 1.0MHz Span: 1.3MHz Attenuation: none Detector type: Max. peak RBW: 10kHz VBW: 3kHz Measurement time: For all measurements, the emission measurement time (10ms) at one frequency is longer than the test software loop duration. Pre-Amplifier: none Data generation software: National Instruments LabView: Measure Spectrum_VDE150Ohm_1.vi Infineon proprietary software for ASCII to Excel data conversion: DAT2XLS.exe, using vector addition of 0° and 90° oriented test board in case of radiated emission test. Environment: temperature 23°C ±5°C Supply: nominal voltage ±5% For all measurements the noise floor is at least 6dB below the limit. Application Note AP32111 122 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 5.2 Emission measurement results IO-Toggle A1 medium driver / A2 strong driver sharp edge 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 dBµV 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Frequency/MHz Figure 161: Class A1 “Medium” driver, Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” driver- conducted emission on VDDP IO-Toggle A1 medium driver / A2 strong driver soft edge 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 dBµV 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Frequency/MHz Figure 162: Class A1 “Medium” driver, Class A2 “Strong-Soft” driver- conducted emission on VDDP Application Note AP32111 123 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future IO-Toggle A1 medium driver / A2 medium driver 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 dBµV 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Frequency/MHz Figure 163: Class A1 “Medium” driver, Class A2 “Medium” driver- conducted emission on VDDP IO-Toggle A1 weak driver / A2 weak driver 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 dBµV 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Frequency/MHz Figure 164: Class A1 “Medium” driver, Class A2 “Weak” driver- conducted emission on VDDP Application Note AP32111 124 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Pad Scaling Comparison Conducted Emission 80 70 60 50 dBµV A1 medium driver/ A2 strong-sharp driver A1 medium driver/ A2 strong-soft driver 40 A1 medium driver/ A2 medium driver A1 medium driver/ A2 weak driver 30 20 10 0 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MH z Frequency Figure 165: Pad scalingcomparison-conducted emission RE TEM Cell Measurement "Best Case" 80 75 70 65 60 55 dBµV 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 166: Class A2 “Best Case” at 0pF load – radiated emission Application Note AP32111 125 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future RE TEM Cell Measurement Strong-Sharp "Worst Case" 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 dBµV 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 167: Class A2 “Strong-Sharp” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission RE TEM Cell Measurement Strong-Medium "Worst Case" 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 dBµV 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 168: Class A2 “Strong-Medium” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission Application Note AP32111 126 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future RE TEM Cell Measurement Strong-Soft "Worst Case" 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 dBµV 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 169: Class A2 “Strong-Soft” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission RE TEM Cell Measurement Medium "Worst Case" 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 dBµV 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 170: Class A2 “Medium” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission Application Note AP32111 127 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future RE TEM Cell Measurement Weak "Worst Case" 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 dBµV 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 900 1000 Frequency/MHz Figure 171: Class A2 “Weak” driver at 0pF load – radiated emission RE TEM Cell Measurement Application "Worst Case" 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 dBµV 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Frequency/MHz Figure 172: Class A2 “Application”at 0pF load – radiated emission Application Note AP32111 128 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future "Worst Case" Radiated Emission 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 SSH SME SSO MED WEA dBµV 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 173a: Class A2; various driver settings at no load –radiated emission Radiated Emission "Worst Case" All Driver Settings 40 35 30 SSH-WC 25 dBµV SME-WC SSO-WC 20 MED-WC 15 WEA-WC 10 5 0 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 173b: Class A2; various driver settings at no load –radiated emission (zoomed) Application Note AP32111 129 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 6 Simulated Electromagnetic Emission Since the various trace layout structures were not available for measurements, the emission diagrams in Fig. 174-189 have been calculated by Fast Fourier Transformation algorithms (FFT) from the simulated timings. Please note that the FFT calculation was done for active ports. One diagram contains the FFTs of several driver settings. As indicated by the timing waveform in chapter 4.1.3, different driver settings allow different data rates. The FFTs were calculated using these realistic data rates. This fact of different base frequencies explains why the knee-points on the envelope curves appear at different (harmonic) frequencies. For this overview, only “point-to-point” and “bus” structures have been considered because there is no significant difference for “star” and “tree” structures. Furthermore, the FFT calculation was restricted to room temperature which is the standard condition for emission measurements. Application Note AP32111 130 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 SSH-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY dBµV 70 SME-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY 60 SSO-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY 50 MED-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY 40 WEA-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 174: Class A2; various driver settings at 20pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/ Term Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 SSH-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN dBµV 70 SME-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN 60 SSO-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN 50 MED-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN 40 WEA-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 175: Class A2; various driver settings at 20pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/o Term Application Note AP32111 131 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 SSH-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY dBµV 70 SME-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY 60 SSO-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY 50 MED-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY 40 WEA-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermY 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 176: Class A2; various driver settings at 20pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/ Term Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 SSH-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN dBµV 70 SME-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN 60 SSO-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN 50 MED-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN 40 WEA-A2-3v3-20pF-ViaY-TermN 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 177: Class A2; various driver settings at 20pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/o Term Application Note AP32111 132 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 dBµV 80 SSH-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 70 SME-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 60 SSO-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 50 MED-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 40 WEA-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 178: Class A2; various driver settings at 40pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/ Term Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 dBµV SSH-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 70 SME-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 60 SSO-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 50 MED-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 40 WEA-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 179: Class A2; various driver settings at 40pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/o Term Application Note AP32111 133 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 SSH-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY dBµV 70 SME-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 60 SSO-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 50 MED-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 40 WEA-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermY 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 180: Class A2; various driver settings at 40pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/ Term Comparison between all Driver Settings for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 dBµV 80 70 SSH-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 60 SME-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 50 SSO-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 40 MED-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN WEA-A2-3v3-40pF-ViaY-TermN 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 181: Class A2; various driver settings at 40pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/o Term Application Note AP32111 134 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 dBµV 80 70 SSH-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermY 60 SME-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermY 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 182: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 20pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/ Term Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 dBµV 70 SSH-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermN 60 SME-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermN 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 183: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 20pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/o Term Application Note AP32111 135 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 dBµV 70 SSH-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermY 60 SME-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermY 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 184: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 20pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/ Term Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 dBµV 70 SSH-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermN 60 SME-B2-2v5-20pF-ViaY-TermN 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 185: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 20pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/o Term Application Note AP32111 136 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 dBµV 70 SSH-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermY 60 SME-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermY 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 186: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 40pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/ Term Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Point-to-Point" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 dBµV 70 SSH-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermN 60 SME-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermN 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 187: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 40pF load for “P2P” layout w/ Vias w/o Term Application Note AP32111 137 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 80 dBµV 70 SSH-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermY 60 SME-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermY 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 188: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 40pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/ Term Comparison between Strong Drivers for PCB "Bus" Structures @ 25°C 130 120 110 100 90 dBµV 80 70 SSH-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermN 60 SME-B2-2v5-40pF-ViaY-TermN 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 0MHz 100MHz 200MHz 300MHz 400MHz 500MHz 600MHz 700MHz 800MHz 900MHz 1000MHz Frequency Figure 189: Class B2; “Strong-Sharp” & “Strong-Medium” drivers at 40pF load for “Bus” layout w/ Vias w/o Term Application Note AP32111 138 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 7 Recommended settings for signal categories 7.1 General In the previous chapters, many detailed results were provided for the impact of driver settings and load capacitance on resulting rise and fall times as well as on conducted and radiated emission. Generally the required signal integrity determines the selection of driver strength and slew rate for a given toggle rate and capacitive load. However, due to the simultaneous impact on electromagnetic emission, the weakest possible driver setting which still meets the signal integrity should be chosen. To decide for the proper pad driver settings for a signal, its electrical characteristics should be considered. This leads to the definition of signal categories by means of clock or data transfer (AC view) or current driving capability (DC view). According these views, any signal can be characterized as shown in Table 5. Signal category Clock rate Capacitive load DC driving capability EBU clock 40..80MHz 10..50pF n/a System clock 20..40MHz 10..50pF n/a High-speed data line 5..20MHz 10..50pF n/a Low-speed data line 0.5..5MHz 10..50pF n/a Low-speed control line <1MHz <20pF n/a High-current control line n/a n/a 10..30mA Medium-current control line n/a n/a 1..10mA Low-current control line n/a n/a <1mA Table 5: Signal categories The following settings for pad output drivers are available, see also Table 6: • strong driver / sharp edge (setting 1) • strong driver / medium edge (setting 2) • strong driver / soft edge (setting 3) • medium driver / no edge configuration available (setting 4) • weak driver / no edge configuration available (setting 5) Driver configuration Edge configuration Signal category Capacitive Load DC Current 1) 1 STRONG SHARP System clock High 2.0/-2.0/-1.4 mA 2 STRONG MEDIUM System clock Low High-speed data lines High High-speed data lines Low High-current control lines All Low-speed data lines All Medium-current control lines All Very low-speed control lines All Low-current control line All Setting 3 4 5 STRONG MEDIUM WEAK SOFT none none 1.8/-1.8/-1.0 mA 0.37/-0.37/-0.28mA Table 6: Recommended output driver settings Application Note AP32111 139 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Note 1): Three values are given for the DC current of Class A2 pins in the format “IOL/IOH1/IOH2”. IOL is the maximum output current for VOL≤0.4V. IOH1 is the maximum output current for VOH≥2.4V. IOH2 is the maximum output current for VOH≥VDDP-0.4V. The following parameters determine the final selection of driver settings: 7.2 • signal performance category (AC and DC) • maximum temperature • maximum acceptable electromagnetic emission Decision Tables and Graphs Following the recommendations given above, the driver setting selection should be based on (1) proper signal integrity and (2) minimal electromagnetic emission. Since electromagnetic emission increases with stronger driver settings, the weakest driver and slew rate settings should be selected which are able to force the rise/fall times required for the desired signal integrity. This chapter offers decision numbers in table and graphical format for proper driver settings at maximum clock or data rates expected to be driven. The rise/fall times occupy 1/6 of the clock period each, see Fig. 190 on top. Alternatively, the rise/fall times occupy 1/4 of the clock period each, see Fig. 190 on bottom. U 90% T/6 T T/6 10% t U 90% T/4 T T/4 10% t Figure 190: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period Please note that all values given in this chapter are proposals for system application designers using Infineon Audo-NG and Audo-Future microcontrollers in 0.13µm CMOS technology. They are based on timing measurements of Class A2 drivers operating at 3.3V supply voltage, performed on center lot devices. Thus all values are subject to ca. 10% offset depending on fabrication process variation. Additionally, pad supply voltages different from nominal conditions, impact the resulting timings. The finally selected driver setting should include this ca. 10% offset. It has to be added to all numbers given in the tables and graphs. Application Note AP32111 140 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Fig. 191 shows an example of a decision graph. Figure 188: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period The clock/data rate is given in MHz for capacitive loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50pF and driver selections of weak, medium, strong soft/medium/sharp for Class A2 drivers. Class B2 drivers are only used in the external bus interface, operating at high data rates. Thus Class B2 drivers are only represented by strong-sharp and strong-medium driver settings. However, operations at 2.5V and 3.3V supply voltage are considered. In the example given in Fig. 164, the resulting maximum data rates are marked with red circles as 17MHz at 20pF load, 13MHz at 30pF load, 12.5MHz at 40pF load and 12MHz at 50pF load. If a pin is intended to toggle a 35pF load at 15MHz, the strong-soft setting is not sufficient. Instead strongmedium must be selected. Strong-sharp is of course also capable of driving 35pF load at 15MHz, but should be avoided due to unnecessary high electromagnetic emission. The rise/fall times occupy 1/6 of the clock period each, see Fig. 163 on top. This relation should be acceptable for most interface signals and protocols. Tables 8 and 9 give an overview of the maximal toggle rates in [MHz] for all Class A2 driver settings (WEA=weak, MED=medium, SSO=strong-soft, SME=strong-medium, SSH=strong-sharp) connected to capacitive loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50pF. Each ambient temperature is marked by its own color. According the microcontroller specification or marking, one of the following maximal temperatures should apply: 125°C, 110°C, 85°C. The other temperatures 30°C, 0°C and -40°C are given for reference only. In Table 8, the rise/fall times are assumed to occupy 1/6 of the clock period. In Table 9, the rise/fall times are assumed to occupy 1/4 of the clock period. Fig. 189-200 show the values of Tables 8 and 9 in the graphical representation explained in Fig. 188, separated by ambient temperatures. In the respective titles, “16% Edges” stands for rise/fall times Application Note AP32111 141 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future occupying 1/6 of the clock period; “25% Edges” stands for rise/fall times occupying 1/4 of the clock period. Decision graphs are provided in 4 sections: 7.2.1: Measured values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply, for different ambient temperatures from -40°C up to 125°C. 7.2.2: Simulated values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply, using point-to-point connection between driver and receiver, consisting of a signal trace without termination, but with vias (according Fig. 46 a), for different ambient temperatures from 30°C up to 125°C. 7.2.3: Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply, using point-to-point connection between driver and receiver, consisting of a signal trace without termination, but with vias (according Fig. 46 a), for different ambient temperatures from 30°C up to 125°C. 7.2.4: Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 2.5V supply, using point-to-point connection between driver and receiver, consisting of a signal trace without termination, but with vias (according Fig. 46 a), for different ambient temperatures from 30°C up to 125°C. Note that the simulated values for temperatures other than 30°C and 125°C have been interpolated from the 30°C and 125°C numbers. The measured values have been recorded for all given temperatures. Application Note AP32111 142 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 7.2.1 Measured values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply SSH 20 182.55 30 129.60 40 81.66 50 61.96 SME 56.69 45.98 32.20 27.23 SSO 16.38 14.63 10.06 10.02 MED 9.53 7.46 3.70 2.65 WEA 1.70 1.38 0.85 0.64 20 30 40 50 SSH 184.77 132.27 81.78 57.07 SME 58.79 47.17 33.93 28.39 SSO 16.68 14.84 11.07 8.43 MED 9.34 7.68 3.64 2.79 WEA 1.74 1.41 0.89 0.76 20 30 40 50 SSH 183.55 135.40 89.32 65.10 SME 60.23 49.50 35.71 29.65 SSO 17.11 15.35 9.32 8.52 MED 9.45 7.98 3.88 2.99 WEA 1.82 1.49 0.96 0.82 SSH SME SSO MED 20 198.89 76.91 21.67 12.60 30 133.87 58.83 18.92 9.33 40 96.17 43.63 13.43 4.97 50 72.46 35.29 12.01 3.38 WEA 2.37 1.81 1.13 0.76 SSH SME SSO MED 20 221.93 93.79 24.69 14.16 30 145.18 71.38 21.87 10.09 40 100.40 49.25 16.76 5.04 50 82.63 38.47 14.96 4.16 WEA 2.59 2.02 1.16 0.86 SSH SME SSO MED 20 233.43 108.01 28.93 15.26 30 156.94 84.05 23.71 10.30 40 102.50 54.06 16.94 5.95 50 88.14 43.67 14.99 4.20 WEA 3.07 2.26 1.27 0.93 125°C 110°C 85°C 30°C 0°C -40°C . Table 7: Maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all driver settings at loads 20..50pF; 16% edges Application Note AP32111 143 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 20 30 40 50 SSH 273.82 194.40 122.49 92.94 SME 85.03 68.96 48.30 40.85 SSO 24.58 21.95 15.09 15.03 MED 14.30 11.18 5.54 3.99 WEA 2.56 2.07 1.28 0.96 20 30 40 50 SSH 277.16 198.41 122.67 85.62 SME 88.18 70.76 50.89 42.59 SSO 20.02 22.26 16.61 12.64 MED 14.01 11.51 5.46 4.19 WEA 2.61 2.11 1.33 1.14 20 30 40 50 SSH 275.33 203.09 133.98 97.66 SME 90.35 74.25 53.57 44.48 SSO 25.67 23.02 13.98 12.79 MED 14.17 11.97 5.82 4.48 WEA 2.74 2.24 1.44 1.23 20 30 40 50 SSH 298.33 200.80 144.26 108.70 SME 115.37 88.25 65.45 52.93 SSO 32.51 28.38 20.15 18.01 MED 18.90 13.99 7.45 5.06 WEA 3.56 2.72 1.69 1.14 20 30 40 50 SSH 332.89 217.77 150.60 123.95 SME 140.69 107.06 73.88 57.71 SSO 37.04 32.81 25.15 22.44 MED 21.24 15.14 7.56 6.25 WEA 3.89 3.04 1.74 1.29 20 30 40 50 SSH 350.14 235.40 153.75 132.20 SME 162.02 126.07 81.09 65.51 SSO 43.40 35.56 25.40 22.48 MED 22.89 15.45 8.92 6.29 WEA 4.60 3.39 1.91 1.40 125°C 110°C 85°C 30°C 0°C -40°C Table 8: Maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all driver settings at loads 20..50pF; 25% edges Application Note AP32111 144 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Frequency Limits Class A2 at 125°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 192: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits Class A2 at 125°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 193: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 145 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Frequency Limits Class A2 at 110°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 194: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits Class A2 at 110°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 195: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 146 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Frequency Limits Class A2 at 85°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 196: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits Class A2 at 85°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 197: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 147 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Frequency Limits Class A2 at 30°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 198: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits Class A2 at 30°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 199: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 148 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Frequency Limits Class A2 at 0°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 200: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=0°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits Class A2 at 0°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 201: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=0°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 149 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Frequency Limits Class A2 at -40°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 202: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=-40°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Frequency Limits Class A2 at -40°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 203: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=-40°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 150 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 7.2.2 Simulated values for Class A2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply Whereas the diagrams given in chapter 7.2.1 resulted from measurements on a board with simple trace structures, and the load capacitance was formed by a capacitor, the simulation results given in this chapter are derived from simulations of a point-to-point trace as shown in Fig. 204. The load capacitance is formed by an adequate trace length according Table 9. The simulation results are more conservative than the measurement results, i.e. longer traces with vias delay the signals up to ca. 20% compared to a short trace without vias. To stay on the safe side, the values from simulation should be taken for driver strength decisions. Figure 204: Point-to-point trace used for timing simulations Structure Point-to-Point Load Length “l” Width “w” 20 pF 5.1 cm 300 µm 30 pF 8.5 cm 300 µm 40pF 11.9 cm 300 µm 50 pF 15.3 cm 300 µm Table 9: Point-to-point trace dimensions SSH SME SSO MED WEA 20 152,59 36,58 14,15 5,46 0,84 30 141,98 31,71 12,40 4,81 0,73 40 70,99 22,04 10,47 3,81 0,66 50 44,00 17,12 9,07 3,45 0,60 SSH SME SSO MED WEA 20 160,42 39,42 15,03 5,92 0,93 30 146,92 33,10 13,31 5,19 0,80 40 74,86 23,25 11,27 4,15 0,72 50 47,57 18,08 9,81 3,76 0,66 SSH SME SSO MED WEA 20 175,42 45,28 16,75 6,88 1,14 30 153,82 35,69 15,15 5,98 0,98 40 82,34 25,58 12,93 4,89 0,87 50 54,99 19,93 11,36 4,40 0,79 SSH SME SSO MED WEA 20 212,40 67,29 22,41 10,71 2,30 30 167,80 43,11 21,78 8,97 1,85 40 105,56 32,83 19,09 7,35 1,57 50 83,75 25,73 17,38 6,23 1,38 125°C 110°C 85°C 30°C Table 10: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class A2 driver settings operated at 3.3V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 16% edges Application Note AP32111 151 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future SSH SME SSO MED WEA 20 228,89 54,87 21,23 8,20 1,26 30 212,97 47,57 18,61 7,22 1,09 40 106,48 33,06 15,70 5,71 0,99 50 66,00 25,68 13,60 5,18 0,90 SSH SME SSO MED WEA 20 240,63 59,13 22,54 8,88 1,40 30 220,38 49,64 19,96 7,79 1,21 40 112,29 34,87 16,91 6,23 1,09 50 71,35 27,12 14,72 5,63 0,99 SSH SME SSO MED WEA 20 263,14 67,92 25,13 10,33 1,72 30 230,73 53,53 22,72 8,97 1,46 40 123,52 38,37 19,39 7,34 1,31 50 82,49 29,90 17,03 6,59 1,19 SSH SME SSO MED WEA 20 318,60 100,93 33,62 16,07 3,45 30 251,70 64,67 32,66 13,46 2,77 40 158,34 49,24 28,64 11,03 2,35 50 125,63 38,60 26,07 9,35 2,07 125°C 110°C 85°C 30°C Table 11: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class A2 driver settings operated at 3.3V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 25% edges Application Note AP32111 152 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 125°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 205: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 125°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 206: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 153 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 110°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 207: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 110°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 208: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 154 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 85°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 209: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 85°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 210: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 155 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 30°C with 16% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 211: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class A2 (3.3V) at 30°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 SSH 50 SME 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 SSO Driver 40 MED 30 Cload [pF] WEA 20 Figure 212: Driver selection decision graph for Class A drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 156 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 7.2.3 Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 3.3V supply The simulation results given in this chapters are derived from simulations of a point-to-point trace as shown in Fig. 213. The load capacitance is formed by an adequate trace length according Table 12. The simulation results are more conservative than the measurement results, i.e. longer traces with vias delay the signals up to ca. 20% compared to a short trace without vias. The Class B2 drivers used in the TC1796 EBU do not offer a Figure 213: Point-to-point trace used for timing simulations software controlled driver scaling, thus the decision diagrams given in Fig. 214-221 identify only the frequency range which is covered by the default strong-sharp driver setting. Structure Point-to-Point Load Length “l” Width “w” 20 pF 5.1 cm 300 µm 30 pF 8.5 cm 300 µm 40pF 11.9 cm 300 µm 50 pF 15.3 cm 300 µm Table 12: Point-to-point trace dimensions Application Note AP32111 157 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future SSH SME 20 115,33 30,90 30 95,87 22,81 40 71,03 22,48 50 60,72 17,97 SSH SME 20 126,81 33,87 30 104,04 25,39 40 77,81 24,87 50 66,75 19,89 SSH SME 20 152,05 40,34 30 120,92 31,28 40 92,53 30,22 50 79,99 24,20 SSH SME 20 210,97 69,54 30 188,04 63,87 40 158,47 57,41 50 141,38 46,25 125°C 110°C 85°C 30°C Table 13: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class B2 driver settings operated at 3.3V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 16% edges SSH SME 20 172,99 46,35 30 143,81 34,22 40 106,55 33,72 50 91,08 26,96 SSH SME 20 190,22 50,81 30 156,05 38,08 40 116,72 37,30 50 100,13 29,84 SSH SME 20 228,07 60,51 30 181,37 46,92 40 138,79 45,33 50 119,99 36,31 SSH SME 20 316,46 104,30 30 282,06 95,81 40 237,71 86,12 50 212,07 69,38 125°C 110°C 85°C 30°C Table 14: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class B2 driver settings operated at 3.3V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 25% edges Note: The values in rows “SME” of the Tables 13 and 14 give the maximum data rate for the strongmedium driver. Since this is not selectable in Class B2 drivers, also lower data rates must be driven by strong-sharp drivers. However, the values in rows “SSH” identify the maximum data rate which can be achieved by the Class B2 drivers under the respective temperature and load conditions. Application Note AP32111 158 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 125°C with 16% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 40 SSH 30 Driver Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 214: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 125°C with 25% Edges 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Frequency [MHz] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 95,00-100,00 90,00-95,00 85,00-90,00 80,00-85,00 75,00-80,00 70,00-75,00 65,00-70,00 60,00-65,00 55,00-60,00 50,00-55,00 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 40 SSH Driver 30 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 215: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 159 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 110°C with 16% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 40 SSH 30 Driver Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 216: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 110°C with 25% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 40 SSH 30 Driver 0,00-5,00 Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 217: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 160 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 85°C with 16% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 40 SSH 30 Driver Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 218: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 85°C with 25% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 40 SSH 30 Driver 0,00-5,00 Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 219: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 161 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 30°C with 16% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 40 SSH 30 Driver Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 220: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (3.3V) at 30°C with 25% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 40 SSH 30 Driver 0,00-5,00 Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 221: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/4period Application Note AP32111 162 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 7.2.4 Simulated values for Class B2 drivers operated at 2.5V supply The simulation results given in this chapters are derived from simulations of a point-to-point trace as shown in Fig. 222. The load capacitance is formed by an adequate trace length according Table 15. The simulation results are more conservative than the measurement results, i.e. longer traces with vias delay the signals up to ca. 20% compared to a short trace without vias. The Class B2 drivers used in the TC1796 EBU do not offer a Figure 222: Point-to-point trace used for timing simulations software controlled driver scaling, thus the decision diagrams given in Fig. 223-230 identify only the frequency range which is covered by the default strong-sharp driver setting. Structure Point-to-Point Load Length “l” Width “w” 20 pF 5.1 cm 300 µm 30 pF 8.5 cm 300 µm 40pF 11.9 cm 300 µm 50 pF 15.3 cm 300 µm Table 15: Point-to-point trace dimensions Application Note AP32111 163 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future SSH SME 20 115,78 30,34 30 64,57 23,07 40 58,53 20,27 50 49,56 19,04 SSH SME 20 126,33 33,81 30 71,07 25,68 40 64,28 22,71 50 53,82 21,30 SSH SME 20 148,93 41,77 30 85,39 31,62 40 76,85 28,44 50 62,81 26,55 SSH SME 20 210,32 68,89 30 153,42 64,38 40 134,91 63,90 50 99,30 57,98 125°C 110°C 85°C 30°C Table 16: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class B2 driver settings operated at 2.5V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 16% edges SSH SME 20 173,68 45,51 30 96,86 34,61 40 87,80 30,40 50 74,34 28,56 SSH SME 20 189,49 50,72 30 106,60 38,51 40 96,42 34,07 50 80,73 31,94 SSH SME 20 223,39 62,66 30 128,09 47,42 40 115,28 42,66 50 94,21 39,82 SSH SME 20 315,48 103,33 30 230,13 96,57 40 202,37 95,84 50 148,95 86,97 125°C 110°C 85°C 30°C Table 17: Simulated maximal toggle rates [MHz] for all Class B2 driver settings operated at 2.5V with capacitive loads of 20..50pF; 25% edges Note: The values in rows “SME” of the Tables 17 and 18 give the maximum data rate for the strongmedium driver. Since this is not selectable in Class B2 drivers, also lower data rates must be driven by strong-sharp drivers. However, the values in rows “SSH” identify the maximum data rate which can be achieved by the Class B2 drivers under the respective temperature and load conditions. Application Note AP32111 164 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 125°C with 16% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 40 SSH 30 Driver Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 223: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 125°C with 25% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 40 SSH 30 Driver 0,00-5,00 Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 224: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=125°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 165 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 110°C with 16% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 40 SSH 30 Driver Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 225: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 110°C with 25% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 40 SSH 30 Driver 0,00-5,00 Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 226: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=110°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 166 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 85°C with 16% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 40 SSH 30 Driver Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 227: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 85°C with 25% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 40 SSH 30 Driver 0,00-5,00 Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 228: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=85°C; edges occupy 1/4 period Application Note AP32111 167 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 30°C with 16% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00 40 SSH 30 Driver Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 229: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/6 period Simulated Frequency Limits Class B2 (2.5V) at 30°C with 25% Edges 100 95,00-100,00 95 90,00-95,00 90 85,00-90,00 85 80,00-85,00 80 75,00-80,00 75 70,00-75,00 70 65,00-70,00 65 60,00-65,00 60 55,00-60,00 55 Frequency [MHz] 50,00-55,00 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 45,00-50,00 40,00-45,00 35,00-40,00 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 50 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 40 SSH 30 Driver 0,00-5,00 Cload [pF] SME 20 Figure 230: Strong-sharp driver graph for Class B2 drivers at TA=30°C; edges occupy 1/4period Application Note AP32111 168 V1.1, 2010-06 AP32111 Scalable Output Drivers Audo-NG and Audo-Future 8 BISS Glossary Bosch/Infineon/SiemensVDO Specification An addendum to the IEC 61967 IC emission test standard. Available on request. CLKOUT System Clock Output Strong output driver for the system clock. Cload Ideal capacitive load connected to an output driver. Load Capacitor di/dt Dynamic current over time EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility The ability of an electrical device to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment (“Immunity”) without having an impermissible effect on its environment (“Emission”). EME Electromagnetic Emission Æ EMC GND Ground Ground reference of the power supply. GPIO General Purpose Input/Output Standard output driver with no special electric specification. PI Power Integrity Good PI means clean power supply system which is not polluted by switching noise. SI Signal Integrity Good SI means proper signal waveform to fulfill the required data communication. TA Ambient Temperature Temperature in the direct environment of the IC. VDD Power supply voltage in general. VDDC Core supply voltage = 2.5V nominal. VDDP Pad supply voltage = 5.0V nominal. VSS Æ GND Application Note AP32111 169 V1.1, 2010-06 http://www.infineon.com Published by Infineon Technologies AG