INTERSIL X3100V28

X3100, X3101
®
4 cell/3 cell
Data Sheet
PRELIMINARY
April 11, 2005
3 or 4 Cell Li-Ion Battery Protection and
Monitor IC
FN8110.0
DESCRIPTION
The X3100 is a protection and monitor IC for use in battery packs consisting of 4 series Lithium-Ion battery
cells. The X3101 is designed to work in 3 cell applications. Both devices provide internal over-charge, overdischarge, and over-current protection circuitry, internal
EEPROM memory, an internal voltage regulator, and
internal drive circuitry for external FET devices that control cell charge, discharge, and cell voltage balancing.
FEATURE
• Software Selectable Protection Levels and
Variable Protect Detection/Release Times
• Integrated FET Drive Circuitry
• Cell Voltage and Current Monitoring
• 0.5% Accurate Voltage Regulator
• Integrated 4kbit EEPROM
• Flexible Power Management with 1µA Sleep
Mode
• Cell Balancing Control
Over-charge, over-discharge, and over-current thresholds reside in an internal EEPROM memory register and
are selected independently via software using a 3MHz
SPI serial interface. Detection and time-out delays can
also be individually varied using external capacitors.
BENEFIT
• Optimize protection for chosen cells to allow
maximum use of pack capacity.
• Reduce component count and cost
• Simplify implementation of gas gauge
• Accurate voltage and current measurements
• Record battery history to optimize gas gauge,
track pack failures and monitor system use
• Reduce power to extend battery life
• Increase battery capacity and improve cycle life
battery life
Using an internal analog multiplexer, the X3100 or
X3101 allow battery parameters such as cell voltage
and current (using a sense resistor) to be monitored
externally by a separate microcontroller with A/D converter. Software on this microcontroller implements
gas gauge and cell balancing functionality in software.
The X3100 and X3101 contain a current sense amplifier. Selectable gains of 10, 25, 80 and 160 allow an
external 10 bit A/D converter to achieve better resolution than a more expensive 14 bit converter.
An internal 4kbit EEPROM memory featuring
IDLock™, allows the designer to partition and “lock in”
written battery cell/pack data.
The X3100 and X3101 are each housed in a 28 Pin
TSSOP package.
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
VCC
5VDC
Regulator
VCELL1
CB1
VCELL2
CB2
VCELL3
CB3
RGP RGC RGO
Over-charge
Over-discharge
Protection
Sense
Circuits
Protection
Sample Rate
Timer
VCS1 VCS2
VSS
1
OVP/LMON
FET Control
Circuitry
Analog
MUX
Protection Circuit
Timing Control
& Configuration
AS0
AS1
AS2
AO
Internal Voltage Regulator
Power-on reset &
Status Register
4 kbit
EEPROM
Over-current
Protection &
Current Sense
VCELL4/VSS
CB4
UVP/OCP
Configuration
Register
Control
Register
S0
SPI
SCK
I/F
CS
SI
OVT UVT OCT
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-352-6832 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
X3100, X3101
PIN CONFIGURATION
28 Lead TSSOP
VCELL1
1
28
VCC
CB1
2
27
RGP
VCELL2
3
26
RGC
CB2
4
25
RGO
VCELL3
5
24
UVP/OCP
CB3
6
23
OVP/LMON
VCELL4/VSS*
7
CB4
VSS
8
X3100/
X3101 22
21
9
20
VCS1
10
19
SI
VCS2
11
18
AS2
OVT
12
13
17
16
AS1
UVT
OCT
14
15
CS
SCK
SO
AS0
AO
*For X3101, Connect to ground.
X3100/X3101 Ordering Codes
Ordering Number
VCC Limits
Package
Temperature Range
X3100V28
6V to 24V
28-Lead TSSOP package
-20°C to +70°C
X3101V28
6V to 24V
28-Lead TSSOP package
-20°C to +70°C
PIN NAMES
Pin
Symbol
1
VCELL1
Brief Description
Battery cell 1 voltage input. This pin is used to monitor the voltage of this battery cell internally.
The voltage of an individual cell can also be monitored externally at pin AO.
The X3100 monitors 4 battery cells. The X3101 monitors 3 battery cells.
2
CB1
3
VCELL2
Cell balancing FET control output 1. This output is used to switch an external FET in order to
perform cell voltage balancing control. This function can be used to adjust an individual cell voltage
(e.g. during cell charging). CB1 can be driven high (Vcc) or low (Vss) to switch the external FET
ON/OFF.
Battery cell 2 voltage. This pin is used to monitor the voltage of this battery cell internally. The voltage
of an individual cell can also be monitored externally at pin AO.
The X3100 monitors 4 battery cells. The X3101 monitors 3 battery cells.
4
CB2
5
VCELL3
Cell balancing FET control output 2. These outputs are used to switch an external FETs in order to
perform cell voltage balancing control. This function can be used to adjust individual cell voltages (e.g.
during cell charging). CB2 can be driven high (Vcc) or low (Vss) to switch the external FET ON/OFF.
Battery cell 3 voltage. This pin is used to monitor the voltage of each battery cell internally. The
voltage of an individual cell can also be monitored externally at pin AO.
The X3100 monitors 4 battery cells. The X3101 monitors 3 battery cells.
6
CB3
Cell balancing FET control output 3. This output is used to switch an external FET in order to
perform cell voltage balancing control. This function can be used to adjust an individual cell voltage (e.g.
during cell charging). CB3 can be driven high (Vcc) or low (Vss) to switch the external FET ON/OFF.
7
VCELL4/
VSS
Battery cell 4 voltage (X3100) Ground (X3101). This pin is used to monitor the voltage of this battery
cell internally. The voltage of an individual cell can also be monitored externally at pin AO.
The X3100 monitors 4 battery cells. The X3101 monitors 3 battery cells. For the X3101 device connect
the VCELL4/VSS pin to ground.
2
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
PIN NAMES (Continued)
Pin
Symbol
Brief Description
8
CB4
Cell balancing FET control output 4. This output is used to switch an external FET in order to
perform cell voltage balancing control. This function can be used to adjust individual cell voltages
(e.g. during cell charging). CB4 can be driven high (Vcc) or low (Vss) to switch the external FET ON/OFF.
When using the X3101, the CB4 pin can be left unconnected, or the FET control can be used for other
purposes.
9
VSS
Ground.
10
VCS1
Current sense voltage pin 1. A sense resistor (RSENSE) is connected between VCS1 and VCS2 (Figure
1). RSENSE has a resistance in the order of 20mΩ to 100mΩ, and is used to monitor current flowing
through the battery terminals, and protect against over-current conditions. The voltage at each end of
RSENSE can also be monitored at pin AO.
11
VCS2
Current sense voltage pin 2. A sense resistor (RSENSE) is connected between VCS1 and VCS2 (Figure
1). RSENSE has a resistance in the order of 20mΩ to 100mΩ, and is used to monitor current flowing
through the battery terminals, and protect against over-current conditions. The voltage at each end of
RSENSE can also be monitored at pin AO.
12
OVT
Over-charge detect/release time input. This pin is used to control the delay time (TOV) associated with
the detection of an over-charge condition (see section “Over-charge Protection” on page 14).
13
UVT
Over-discharge detect/release time input. This pin is used to control the delay times associated with
the detection (TUV) and release (TUVR) of an over-discharge (under-voltage) condition (see section
“Over-discharge Protection” on page 16).
14
OCT
Over-current detect/release time input. This pin is used to control the delay times associated with the
detection (TOC) and release (TOCR) of an over-current condition (see section “Over-Current Protection”
on page 19).
15
AO
Analog multiplexer output. The analog output pin is used to externally monitor various battery parameter voltages. The voltages which can be monitored at AO (see section “Analog Multiplexer Selection”
on page 21) are:
– Individual cell voltages
– Voltage across the current sense resistor (RSENSE). This voltage is amplified with a gain set by the
user in the control register (see section “Current Monitor Function” on page 21.)
The analog select pins pins AS0 - AS2 select the desired voltage to be monitored on the AO pin.
16
AS0
Analog output select pin 0. These pins select which voltage is to be multiplexed to the output AO (see
section “Sleep Control (SLP)” on page 11 and section “Current Monitor Function” on page 21)
17
AS1
Analog output select pin 1. These pins select which voltage is to be multiplexed to the output AO (see
section “Sleep Control (SLP)” on page 11 and section “Current Monitor Function” on page 21)
18
AS2
Analog output select pin 2. These pins select which voltage is to be multiplexed to the output AO (see
section “Sleep Control (SLP)” on page 11 and section “Current Monitor Function” on page 21)
19
SI
Serial data input. SI is the serial data input pin. All opcodes, byte addresses, and data to be written to
the device are input on this pin.
20
SO
Serial data output. SO is a push/pull serial data output pin. During a read cycle, data is shifted out on
this pin. Data is clocked out by the falling edge of the serial clock. While CS is HIGH, SO will be in a High
Impedance state.
Note: SI and SO may be tied together to form one line (SI/SO). In this case, all serial data communication
with the X3100 or X3101 is undertaken over one I/O line. This is permitted ONLY if no simultaneous
read/write operations occur.
21
SCK
Serial data clock input. The Serial Clock controls the serial bus timing for data input and output. Opcodes, addresses, or data present on the SI pin are latched on the rising edge of the clock input, while
data on the SO pin change after the falling edge of the clock input.
22
CS
Chip select input pin. When CS is HIGH, the device is deselected and the SO output pin is at high impedance. CS LOW enables the SPI serial bus.
3
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
PIN NAMES (Continued)
Pin
Symbol
23
OVP/
LMON
Brief Description
Over-charge Voltage Protection output/Load Monitor output. This one pin performs two functions
depending upon the present mode of operation of the X3100 or X3101.
Over-charge Voltage Protection (OVP)
This pin controls the switching of the battery pack charge FET. This power FET is a P-channel device. As
such, cell charge is possible when OVP/LMON=VSS, and cell charge is prohibited when OVP/LMO = VCC.
In this configuration the X3100 and X3101 turn off the charge voltage when the cells reach the over-charge
limit. This prevents damage to the battery cells due to the application of charging voltage for an extended
period of time (see section “Over-charge Protection” on page 14).
Load Monitor (LMON)
In Over-current Protection mode, a small test current (7.5µA typ.) is passed out of this pin to sense the
load resistance. The measured load resistance determines whether or not the X3100 or X3101 returns
from an over-current protection mode (see section “Over-Current Protection” on page 19).
24
UVP/
OCP
Over-discharge protection output/Over-current protection output. Pin UVP/OCP controls the battery cell discharge via an external power FET. This P-channel FET allows cell discharge when
UVP/OCP=Vss, and prevents cell discharge when UVP/OCP=Vcc. The X3100 and X3101 turn the external power FET off when the X3100 or X3101 detects either:
Over-discharge Protection (UVP)
In this case, pin 24 is referred to as “Over-discharge (Under-Voltage) protection (UVP)” (see section
“Over-discharge Protection” on page 16). UVP/OCP turns off the FET to prevent damage to the battery
cells by being discharged to excessively low voltages.
Over-current protection (OCP)
In this case, pin 24 is referred to as “Over-current protection (OCP)” (see section “Over-Current Protection” on page 19). UVP/OCP turns off the FET to prevent damage to the battery pack caused by excessive current drain (e.g. as in the case of a surge current resulting from a stalled disk drive).
25
RGO
Voltage regulator output pin. This pin is an input that connects to the collector of an external PNP transistor. The voltage at this pin is the regulated output voltage, but it also provides the feedback voltage
for the regulator and the operating voltage for the device.
26
RGC
Voltage regulator control pin. This pin connects to the base of an external PNP transistor and controls
the transistor turn on.
27
RGP
Voltage regulator protection pin. This pin is an input that connects to the emitter of an external PNP
transistor and an external current limit resistor and provides a current limit voltage.
28
VCC
Power supply. This pin is provides the voltage for FET control, regulator operation, and wake-up
circuits.
4
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
The X3100 and X3101 provide two distinct levels of
functionality and battery cell protection:
First, in Normal mode, the device periodically checks
each cell for an over-charge and over-discharge state,
while continuously watching for a pack over-current
condition. A protection mode violation results from an
over-charge, over-discharge, or over-current state.
The thresholds for these states are selected by the
user through software. When one of these conditions
occur, a Discharge FET or a Charge FET or both FETs
are turned off to protect the battery pack. In an overdischarge condition, the X3100 and X3101 devices go
into a low power sleep mode to conserve battery
power. During sleep, the voltage regulator turns off,
removing power from the microcontroller to further
reduce pack current.
Second, in Monitor mode, a microcontroller with A/D
converter measures battery cell voltage and pack current via pin AO and the X3100 or X3101 on-board MUX.
The user can thus implement protection, charge/discharge, cell balancing or gas gauge software algorithms
to suit the specific application and characteristics of the
cells used. While monitoring these voltages, all protection circuits are on continuously.
In a typical application, the microcontroller is also programmed to provide an SMBus interface along with
the Smart Battery System interface protocols. These
additions allow an X3100 or X3101 based module to
adhere to the latest industry battery pack standards.
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
The X3100 and X3101 have been designed to operate
correctly when used as connected in the Typical Application Circuit (see Figure 1 on page 5).
The power MOSFET’s Q1 and Q2 are referred to as
the “Discharge FET” and “Charge FET,” respectively.
Since these FETs are p-channel devices, they will be
ON when the gates are at VSS, and OFF when the
gates are at VCC. As their names imply, the discharge
FET is used to control cell discharge, while the charge
FET is used to control cell charge. Diode D1 allows the
battery cells to receive charge even if the Discharge
FET is OFF, while diode D2 allows the cells to discharge even if the charge FET is OFF. D1 and D2 are
integral to the Power FETs. It should be noted that the
cells can neither charge nor discharge if both the
charge FET and discharge FET are OFF.
Power to the X3100 or X3101 is applied to pin VCC via
diodes D6 and D7. These diodes allow the device to
be powered by the Li-Ion battery cells in normal operating conditions, and allow the device to be powered
5
by an external source (such as a charger) via pin P+
when the battery cells are being charged. These
diodes should have sufficient current and voltage ratings to handle both cases of battery cell charge and
discharge.
The operation of the voltage regulator is described in
section “Voltage Regulator” on page 22. This regulator
provides a 5VDC±0.5% output. The capacitor (C1)
connected from RGO to ground provides some noise
filtering on the RGO output. The recommended value
is 0.1µF or less. The value chosen must allow VRGO to
decay to 0.1V in 170ms or less when the X3100 or
X3101 enter the sleep mode. If the decay is slower
than this, a resistor (R1) can be placed in parallel with
the capacitor.
During an initial turn-on period (TPUR + TOC), VRGO
has a stable, regulated output in the range of 5VDC ±
10% (see Figure 2). The selection of the microcontroller should take this into consideration. At the end of
this turn on period, the X3100 and X3101 “self-tunes”
the output of the voltage regulator to 5V+/-0.5%. As
such, VRGO can be used as a reference voltage for the
A/D converter in the microcontroller. Repeated powerup operations, consistently re-apply the same “tuned”
value for VRGO.
Figure 1 shows a battery pack temperature sensor
implemented as a simple resistive voltage divider, utilizing a thermistor (RT) and resistor (RT’). The voltage
VT can be fed to the A/D input of a microcontroller and
used to measure and monitor the temperature of the
battery cells. RT’ should be chosen with consideration
of the dynamic resistance range of RT as well as the
input voltage range of the microcontroller A/D input.
An output of the microcontroller can be used to turn on
the thermistor divider to allow periodic turn-on of the
sensor. This reduces power consumption since the
resistor string is not always drawing current.
Diode D3 is included to facilitate load monitoring in an
Over-current protection mode (see section “Over-Current Protection” on page 19), while preventing the flow
of current into pin OVP/LMON during normal operation. The N-Channel transistor turns off this function
during the sleep mode.
Resistor RPU is connected across the gate and drain
of the charge FET (Q2). The discharge FET Q1 is
turned off by the X3100 or X3101, and hence the voltage at pin OVP/LMON will be (at maximum) equal to
the voltage of the battery terminal, minus one forward
biased diode voltage drop (VP+ - VD7). Since the drain
of Q2 is connected to a higher potential (VP+) a pull-up
resistor (RPU) in the order of 1MΩ should be used to
ensure that the charge FET is completely turned OFF
when OVP/LMON = VCC.
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
The capacitors on the VCELL1 to VCELL4 inputs are
used in a first order low pass filter configuration, at the
battery cell voltage monitoring inputs (VCELL1 VCELL4) of the X3100 or X3101. This filter is used to
block any unwanted interference signals from being
inadvertently injected into the monitor inputs. These
interference signals may result from:
A current sense resistor (RSENSE) is used to measure
and monitor the current flowing into/out of the battery
terminals, and is used to protect the pack from overcurrent conditions (see section “Over-Current Protection” on page 19). RSENSE is also used to externally
monitor current via a microcontroller (see section “Current Monitor Function” on page 21).
– Transients created at battery contacts when the battery pack is being connected/disconnected from the
charger or the host.
FETs Q4 and Q5 may be required on general purpose I/Os of the microcontroller that connect outside
of the package. In some cases, without FETs, pull-up
resistors external to the pack force a voltage on the
VCC pin of the microcontroller during a pack sleep condition. This voltage can affect the proper tuned voltage
of the X3100/X3101 regulator. These FETs should be
turned-on by the microcontroller. (See Figure 1.)
– Electrostatic discharge (ESD) from something/someone touching the battery contacts.
– Unfiltered noise that exists in the host device.
– RF signals which are induced into the battery pack
from the surrounding environment.
Such interference can cause the X3100 or X3101 to
operate in an unpredictable manner, or in extreme
cases, damage the device. As a guide, the capacitor
should be in the order of 0.01µF and the resistor,
should be in the order of 10kΩ. The capacitors should
be of the ceramic type. In order to minimize interference, PCB tracks should be made as short and as
wide as possible to reduce their impedance. The battery cells should also be placed as close to the X3100 or
X3101 monitor inputs as possible.
Resistors RCB and the associated n-channel MOSFET’s
(Q6 - Q9) are used for battery cell voltage balancing.
The X3100 and X3101 provide internal drive circuitry
which allows the user to switch FETs Q6 - Q9 ON or
OFF via the microcontroller and SPI port (see section
“Cell Voltage Balance Control (CBC1-CBC4)” on page
12). When any of the these FETs are switched ON, a
current, limited by resistor RCB, flows across the particular battery cell. In doing so, the user can control the
voltage across each individual battery cell. This is
important when using Li-Ion battery cells since imbalances in cell voltages can, in time, greatly reduce the
usable capacity of the battery pack. Cell voltage balancing may be implemented in various ways, but is
usually performed towards the end of cell charging
(“Top-of-charge method”). Values for RCB will vary
according to the specific application.
POWER-ON SEQUENCE
Initial connection of the Li-Ion cells in the battery pack
will not normally power-up the battery pack. Instead,
the X3100 or X3101 enters and remains in the SLEEP
mode. To exit the SLEEP mode, after the initial powerup sequence, or following any other SLEEP MODE, a
minimum of 16V (X3100 VSLR) or 12V (X3101 VSLR) is
applied to the VCC pin, as would be the case during a
battery charge condition. (See Figure 2.)
When VSLR is applied to VCC, the analog select pins
(AS2 - AS0) and the SPI communication pins (CS,
CLK, SI, SO) must be low, so the X3100 and X3101
power-up correctly into the normal operating mode.
This can be done by using a power-on reset circuit.
When entering the normal operating mode, either from
initial power-up or following the SLEEP MODE, all bits
in the control register are zero. With UVPC and OVPC
bits at zero, the charge and discharge FETs are off.
The microcontroller must turn these on to activate the
pack. The microcontroller would typically check the
voltage and current levels prior to turning on the FETs
via the SPI port. The software should prevent turning
on the FETs throughout an initial measurement/calibration period. The duration of this period is
TOV + 200ms or TUV + 200ms, whichever is longer.
The internal 4kbit EEPROM memory can be used to
store the cell characteristics for implementing such
functions as gas gauging, battery pack history,
charge/discharge cycles, and minimum/maximum conditions. Battery pack manufacturing data as well as
serial number information can also be stored in the
EEPROM array. An SPI serial bus provides the communication link to the EEPROM.
6
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
7
B-
RCB
RCB
RCB
100
100
100
100
8
0.01uF
7
0.01uF
6
5
0.01uF
4
3
0.01uF
2
1
1µF
For the X3101, or X3100
when 3 cells are used,
VCELL4/VSS MUST be
tied to Ground (Vss). CB4
is left unconnected.
Q9
Q8
Q7
Q6
RCB
B+
3 or 4
Li-Ion cells†
9
VSS
CB4
RSENSE
10
11
VCS1 VCS2
VCELL4/VSS
CB3
UVT
COV
12
CUV
13
COC
14
OCT
AO
AS0
AS1
AS2
SI
VCELL3
CS
SCK
SO
OVT
X3100/X3101
1M
15
17
16
18
19
20
21
22
(Optional)
R1
1M
VT
Choose R1 and
C1 such that
VRGO goes to
0.1V (or less) in
170ms (or less)
when entering
the Sleep Mode
(at 25oC).
C1
0.1µF
Q10
D3
ILMON
Charge FET
RPU
CB2
VCELL2
CB1
VCELL1
UVP/ OVP/
OCP LMON
RGO
RGC
RGP
VCC
23
24
25
VRGO
26
Q3
Q2
27
RLMT
Q1
D1 D2
28
.
Discharge FET
ILMT
BAT54 BAT54
D6 D7
RT
RT’
GP
I/O
A/D Input
A/D Input
GP
I/O
A/D
Ref
VCC
GP
I/O
Reset
µC,
ASIC
Q4
100
100 SMBDATA
SMBCLK
Set High
after poweruppowerdown to
enable
P-
FETs Q4 and Q5 are needed
only if external pull-ups on
the SMBus lines cause voltage to appear at the uC Vcc
pin during sleep mode.
Q5
CPOR
RPOR
Transistor Recommendations
Q1, Q2 = Si4435
Q3 = 2N3906
Q4 - Q10 = 2N7002
P+
X3100, X3101
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Figure 2. Power-up Timing (Initial Power-up or after Sleep Mode)
TPUR
VSLR
VCC
0V
5V±10% (Stable and Repeatable)
VRGO Tuned to 5V±0.5%
5V
VRGO
0V
2ms (Typ.)
1
Voltage Regulator Output Status
(Internal Signal)
VRGS
0
TOC
1
1 = X3100/1 in Over-Current Protection Mode
0 = X3100/1 NOT in Over-Current Protection Mode
Over-current Detection Status
(Internal Signal)
OCDS
0
1
Status Register Bit 0
VRGS+OCDS
1 = X3100/1 in Over-Current Protection Mode OR VRGO Not Yet Tuned
0 = X3100/1 NOT in Over-Current Protection Mode AND VRGO Tuned
0
TOV+200ms
1
Status Register Bit 2
0
(SWCEN = 0) CCES+OVDS
1 = VCELL < VCE OR X3100/1 in Over-charge Protection Mode
0 = VCELL > VCE OR X3100/1 NOT in Over-charge Protection Mode
1
Status Register Bit 2
(SWCEN = 1)
0
OVDS
From
Microcontroller
1 = X3100/1 in Over-charge Protection Mode
0 = X3100/1 NOT in Over-charge Protection Mode
AS2_AS0
TOV + 200ms OR TUV + 200ms (whichever is longer)
SPI PORT
Any Read or Write Operation, except
turn-on of FETs can start here.
8
Charge, Discharge FETs can be
turned on here.
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
CONFIGURATION REGISTER
Over-discharge Settings
The X3100 and X3101 can be configured for specific
user requirements using the Configuration Register.
VUV1 and VUV0 control the cell over-discharge
(under voltage threshold) level. See section “Over-discharge Protection” on page 16.
Table 1. Configuration Register Functionality
Table 5. Over-discharge Threshold Selection.
Configuration
Register Bits
Bit(s)
Name
Function
0-5
–
VUV1
VUV0
X3100
X3101
6
SWCEN
Switch Cell Charge Enable
threshold function ON/OFF
0
0
VUV = 1.95V
VUV = 2.25V
(X3101 default)
7
CELLN
Set the number of Li-Ion battery
cells used (3 or 4)
0
1
VUV = 2.05V
VUV = 2.35V
8-9
VCE1-VCE0
1
0
VUV = 2.15V
VUV = 2.45V
1
1
VUV = 2.25V
(X3100 default)
VUV = 2.55V
(don’t care)
Select Cell Charge Enable
threshold
10-11 VOC1-VOC0
Select over-current threshold
12-13
VUV1-VUV0
Select over-discharge (under
voltage) threshold
14-15
VOV1-VOV0
Select over-charge voltage
threshold
14
13
12
11
10
9
Over-current Settings
VOC1 and VOC0 control the pack over-current level.
See section “Over-Current Protection” on page 19.
Table 6. Over-Current Threshold Voltage Selection.
Table 2. Configuration Register—Upper Byte
15
Operation
8
VOV1 VOV0 VUV1 VUV0 VOC1 VOC0 VCE1 VCE0
X3100 Default = 33H; X3101 Default = 03H.
Table 3. Configuration Register—Lower Byte
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CELLN
SWCEN
x
x
x
x
x
x
X3100 Default = C0H; X3101 Default = 40H.
Over-charge Voltage Settings
VOV1 and VOV0 control the cell over-charge level.
See section “Over-charge Protection” on page 14.
Configuration Register
Bits
VOC1
VOC0
Operation
0
0
VOC = 0.075V (Default)
0
1
VOC = 0.100V
1
0
VOC = 0.125V
1
1
VOC = 0.150V
Cell Charge Enable Settings
VCE1, VCE0 and SWCEN control the pack charge
enable function. SWCEN enables or disables a circuit
that prevents charging if the cells are at too low a voltage. VCE1 and VCE0 select the voltage that is recognized as too low. See section “Sleep Mode” on page 16.
Table 4. Over-charge Voltage Threshold Selection
Table 7. Cell Charge Enable Function
Configuration Register
Bits
Operation
Configuration
Register Bit
VOV1
VOV0
0
0
VOV = 4.20V (Default)
0
1
VOV = 4.25V
0
Charge enable function: ON
1
0
VOV = 4.30V
1
Charge enable function: OFF
1
1
VOV = 4.35V
9
SWCEN
Operation
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Table 8. Cell Charging Threshold Voltage Selection.
Configuration Register
Bits
VCE1
VCE0
0
0
Configuration Register (SRAM)
Upper Byte
Lower Byte
Operation
VCE = 0.5V
0
1
VCE = 0.80V
1
0
VCE = 1.10V
1
1
VCE = 1.40V (Default)
Cell Number Selection
The X3100 is designed to operate with four (4) Li-Ion
battery cells. The X3101 is designed to operate with
three (3) Li-Ion battery cells. The CELLN bit of the configuration register (Table 9) sets the number of cells
recognized. For the X3101, the value for CELLN
should always be zero.
Table 9. Selection of Number of Battery Cells1
Configuration
Register Bit
CELLN
Operation
1
4 Li-Ion battery cells (X3100 default)
0
3 Li-Ion battery cells (X3100 or X3101)
The configuration register consists of 16 bits of
NOVRAM memory (Table 2, Table 3). This memory
features a high-speed static RAM (SRAM) overlaid bitfor-bit with non-volatile “Shadow” EEPROM. An automatic array recall operation reloads the contents of the
shadow EEPROM into the SRAM configuration register upon power-up (Figure 3).
1.
Figure 3. Power-up of Configuration Register
Recall
Recall
Shadow EEPROM
The configuration register is designed for unlimited
write operations to SRAM, and a minimum of
1,000,000 store operations to the EEPROM. Data
retention is specified to be greater than 100 years.
It should be noted that the bits of the shadow
EEPROM are for the dedicated use of the configuration register, and are NOT part of the general purpose
4kbit EEPROM array.
The WCFIG command writes to the configuration reg-
ister, see Table 30 and section “X3100/X3101 SPI Serial
Communication” on page 23.
After writing to this register using a WCFIG instruction,
data will be stored only in the SRAM of the configuration register. In order to store data in shadow
EEPROM, a WREN instruction, followed by a
EEWRITE to any address of the 4kbit EEPROM memory array must occur, see Figure 4. This sequence initiates an internal nonvolatile write cycle which permits
data to be stored in the shadow EEPROM cells. It
must be noted that even though a EEWRITE is made
to the general purpose 4kbit EEPROM array, the value
and address to which it is written, is unimportant. If this
procedure is not followed, the configuration register
will power-up to the last previously stored values following a power-down sequence.
In the case that the X3100 or X3101 is configured for use with
only three Li-Ion battery cells (i.e. CELLN = 0), then VCELL4
(pin 7) MUST be tied to Vss (pin 9) to ensure correct operation.
10
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X3100, X3101
Since the control register is volatile, data will be lost
following a power-down and power-up sequence.
The default value of the control register on initial
power-up or when exiting the SLEEP MODE is 00h
(for both upper and lower bytes respectively). The
functions that can be manipulated by the Control
Register are shown in Table 12.
Figure 4. Writing to Configuration Register
Power-up
Data Recalled
from Shadow
EEPROM to SRAM
Configuration Register
(SRAM = Old Value)
Table 12. Control Register Functionality
WCFIG (New Value)
Bit(s) Name
Configuration Register
(Sram = New Value)
Store
(New Value)
in Shadow
EEPROM
NO
YES
WREN
Write
Enable
Power-downpower-on
Data Recalled
from Shadow
EEPROM to SRAM
EEWRITE
Write to
4kbit EEPROM
Configuration Register
(SRAM = old value)
Function
0-4
–
5,6
0, 0
(don’t care)
Reserved—write 0 to these locations.
7
SLP
Select sleep mode.
8,9
CSG1, Select current sense voltage gain
CSG0
10
OVPC OVP control: switch pin OVP = VCC/VSS
11
UVPC
UVP control: switch pin UVP = VCC/VSS
12
CBC1
CB1 control: switch pin CB1 = VCC/VSS
13
CBC2
CB2 control: switch pin CB2 = VCC/VSS
14
CBC3
CB3 control: switch pin CB3 = VCC/VSS
15
CBC4
CB4 control: switch pin CB4 = VCC/VSS
Sleep Control (SLP)
Power-down
Power-up
Setting the SLP bit to ‘1’ forces the X3100 or X3101
into the sleep mode, if VCC < VSLP. See section “Sleep
Mode” on page 16.
Data Recalled
from Shadow
EEPROM to SRAM
Table 13. Sleep Mode Selection
Configuration Register
(SRAM = New Value)
Control Register Bits
SLP
Operation
CONTROL REGISTER
0
Normal operation mode
The Control Register is realized as two bytes of volatile RAM (Table 10, Table 11). This register is written
using the WCNTR instruction, see Table 30 and section
“X3100/X3101 SPI Serial Communication” on page 23.
1
Device enters Sleep mode
Table 10. Control Register—Upper Byte
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
CBC4
CBC3
CBC2
CBC1
UVPC
OVPC
CSG1
CSG0
Table 11. Control Register—Lower Byte
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SLP
0
0
x
x
x
x
x
11
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X3100, X3101
Current Sense Gain (CSG1, CSG0)
These bits set the gain of the current sense amplifier.
These are x10, x25, x80 and x160. For more detail,
see section “Current Monitor Function” on page 21.
Table 16. CB1—CB4 Control
Control Register Bits
CBC4 CBC3 CBC2 CBC1
Table 14. Current Sense Gain Control
Control Register Bits
Operation
x
x
x
1
Set CB1 = VCC (ON)
x
x
x
0
Set CB1=VSS (OFF)
x
x
1
x
Set CB2 = VCC (ON)
CSG1
CSG0
Operation
x
x
0
x
Set CB2 = VSS (OFF)
0
0
Set current sense gain = x10
x
1
x
x
Set CB3 = VCC (ON)
0
1
Set current sense gain = x25
x
0
x
x
Set CB3 = VSS (OFF)
1
0
Set current sense gain = x80
1
x
x
x
Set CB4 = VCC (ON)
1
1
Set current sense gain = x160
0
x
x
x
Set CB4 = VSS (OFF)
Charge/Discharge Control (OVPC, UVPC)
The OVPC and UVPC bits allow control of cell charge
and discharge externally, via the SPI port. These bits
control the OVP/LMON and UVP/OCP pins, which in turn
control the external power FETs.
Using P-channel power FETs ensures that the FET is
on when the pin voltage is low (Vss), and off when the
pin voltage is high (Vcc).
OVP/LMON and UVP/OCP can be controlled by using
the WCNTR Instruction to set bits OVPC and UVPC in
the Control register (See page 11).
Table 15. UVP/OVP Control
Control Register Bits
OVPC
UVPC
Operation
1
x
Pin OVP = VSS (FET ON)
0
x
Pin OVP = VCC (FET OFF)
x
1
Pin UVP = VSS (FET ON)
x
0
Pin UVP = VCC (FET OFF)
It is possible to set/change the values of OVPC and
UVPC during a protection mode. A change in the state
of the pins OVP/LMON and UVP/OCP, however, will
not take place until the device has returned from the
protection mode.
Cell Voltage Balance Control (CBC1-CBC4)
This function can be used to adjust individual battery
cell voltage during charging. Pins CB1 - CB4 are used
to control external power switching devices. Cell voltage balancing is achieved via the SPI port.
12
CB1 - CB4 can be controlled by using the WCNTR Instruction to set bits CBC1 - CBC4 in the control register
(Table 16).
STATUS REGISTER
The status of the X3100 or X3101 can be verified by
using the RDSTAT command to read the contents of
the Status Register (Table 17).
Table 17. Status Register.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
CCES+
OVDS
UVDS
VRGS+
OCDS
The function of each bit in the status register is shown
in Table 18.
Bit 0 of the status register (VRGS+OCDS) actually
indicates the status of two conditions of the X3100 or
X3101. Voltage Regulator Status (VRGS) is an internally generated signal which indicates that the output
of the Voltage Regulator (VRGO) has reached an output of 5VDC ± 0.5%. In this case, the voltage regulator
is said to be “tuned”. Before the signal VRGS goes low
(i.e. before the voltage regulator is tuned), the voltage
at the output of the regulator is nominally 5VDC ± 10%
(See section “Voltage Regulator” on page 22.) Overcurrent Detection Status (OCDS) is another internally
generated signal which indicates whether or not the
X3100 or X3101 is in over-current protection mode.
Signals VRGS and OCDS are logically OR’ed together
(VRGS + OCDS) and written to bit 0 of the status register (See Table 18, Table 17 and Figure 2).
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X3100, X3101
When the cell charge enable function is switched ON
(configuration bit SWCEN=0), the signals CCES and
OVDS are logically OR’ed (CCES+OVDS) and written
to bit 2 of the status register. If the cell charge enable
function is switched OFF (configuration bit
SWCEN=1), then bit 2 of the status register effectively
only represents information about the over-charge status (OVDS) of the X3100 or X3101 (See Table 18,
Table 17 and Figure 2).
Bit 1 of the status register simply indicates whether or
not the X3100 or X3101 is in over-discharge protection mode.
Bit 2 of the status register (CCES+OVDS) indicates
the status of two conditions of the X3100 or X3101.
Cell Charge Enable Status (CCES) is an internally
generated signal which indicates the status of any cell
voltage (VCELL) with respect to the Cell Charge Enable
Voltage (VCE). Over-charge Voltage Detection Status
(OVDS) is an internally generated signal which indicates whether or not the X3100 or X3101 is in overcharge protection mode.
Table 18. Status Register Functionality.
Bit(s)
0
1
2
3-7
Name
Description
VRGS+OCDS Voltage regulator
status
+
Over-current
detection status
UVDS
CCES+OVDS
Case
Status
-
1
VRGO not yet tuned (VRGO = 5V ± 10%) OR
X3100/X3101 in over-current protection mode.
0
VRGO tuned (VRGO = 5V ± 0.5%) AND
X3100/X3101 NOT in over-current protection mode.
1
X3100/X3101 in over-discharge protection mode
0
X3100/X3101 NOT in over-discharge protection mode
1
VCELL < VCE OR
X3100/X3101 in over-charge protection mode
0
VCELL > VCE AND
X3100/X3101 NOT in over-charge protection mode
1
X3100/X3101 in over-charge protection mode
0
X3100/X3101 NOT in over-charge protection mode
0
Not used (always return zero)
Over-discharge
detection status
-
Cell charge
enable status
+
Over-charge
detection status
SWCEN =0†
-
SWCEN =1†
-
Interpretation
Notes: † This bit is set in the configuration register.
X3100/X3101 INTERNAL PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
The X3100 and the X3101 provide periodic monitoring
(see section “Periodic Protection Monitoring” on page
13) for over-charge and over-discharge states and
continuous monitoring for an over-current state. It has
automatic shutdown when a protection mode is
encountered, as well as automatic return after the
device is released from a protection mode. When sampling voltages through the analog port (Monitor Mode),
over-charge and over-discharge protection monitoring
is also performed on a continuous basis.
Voltage thresholds for each of these protection modes
(VOV, VUV, and VOC respectively) can be individually
selected via software and stored in an internal non-volatile register. This feature allows the user to avoid the
restrictions of mask programmed voltage thresholds, and
is especially useful during prototype/evaluation design
stages or when cells with slightly different characteristics are used in an existing design.
13
Delay times for the detection of, and release from protection modes (TOV, TUV/TUVR, and TOC/TOCR respectively)
can be individually varied by setting the values of
external capacitors connected to pins OVT, UVT, OCT.
Periodic Protection Monitoring
In normal operation, the analog select pins are set
such that AS2 = L, AS1 = L, AS0 = L. In this mode the
X3100 and X3101 conserve power by sampling the
cells for over or over-discharge conditions.
In this state over-charge and over-discharge protection circuitry are usually off, but are periodically
switched on by the internal Protection Sample Rate
Timer (PSRT). The over-charge and over-discharge
protection circuitry is on for approximately 2ms in each
125ms period. Over-current monitoring is continuous.
In monitor mode (see page 21) over-charge and overdischarge monitoring is also continuous.
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Over-charge Protection
The X3100 and X3101 monitor the voltage on each
battery cell (VCELL). If for any cell, VCELL > VOV for a
time exceeding TOV, then the Charge FET will be
switched OFF (OVP/LMON = VCC). The device has
now entered Over-charge protection mode (Figure 5).
The status of the discharge FET (via pin UVP) will
remain unaffected.
While in over-charge protection mode, it is possible to
change the state of the OVPC bit in the control register
such that OVP/LMON = Vss (Charge FET = ON).
Although the OVPC bit in the control register can be
changed, the change will not be seen at pin OVP until
the X3100 or X3101 returns from over-charge protection mode.
The over-charge detection delay TOV, is varied using a
capacitor (COV) connected between pin OVT and
GND. A typical delay time is shown in Table 10. The
delay TOV that results from a particular capacitance
COV, can be approximated by the following linear
equation:
TOV (s) ≈ 10 x COV (µF).
Table 19. Typical over-charge detection time
Symbol
COV
Delay
TOV
0.1µF
1.0s (Typ)
The device further continues to monitor the battery cell
voltages, and is released from over-charge protection
mode when VCELL< VOVR, for all cells. When the
X3100 or X3101 is released from over-charge protection mode, the charge FET is automatically switched
ON (OVP/LMON = VSS). When the device returns from
over-charge protection mode, the status of the discharge FET (pin UVP/OCP) remains unaffected.
The value of VOV can be selected from the values
shown in Table 4 by setting bits VOV1, VOV0. These
bits are set by using the WCFIG instruction to write to
the configuration register.
Figure 5. Over-charge Protection Mode—Event Diagram
Normal Operation Mode
Normal Operation Mode
Over-charge
Protection
Mode
VOV
VOVR
VCELL
TOV
VCC
OVP/LMON
VSS
Event
0
1
14
2
3
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Table 20. Over-charge Protection Mode—Event Diagram Description
Event
[0,1)
[1]
Event Description
— Discharge FET is ON (UVP/OCP = VSS).
— Charge FET is ON (OVP/LMON = VSS), and hence battery cells are permitted to receive charge.
— All cell voltages (VCELL - VCELL4) are below the over-charge voltage threshold (VOV).
— The device is in normal operation mode (i.e. not in a protection mode).
— The voltage of one or more of the battery cells (VCELL), exceeds VOV.
— The internal over-charge detection delay timer begins counting down.
— The device is still in normal operation mode
(1,2)
The internal over-charge detection delay timer continues counting for TOV seconds.
[2]
The internal over-charge detection delay timer times out
AND
VCELL still exceeds VOV.
— Therefore, the internal over-charge sense circuitry switches the charge FET OFF (OVP/LMON=Vcc).
— The device has now entered over-charge protection mode.
(2,3)
[3]
While in over-charge protection mode:
— The battery cells are permitted to discharge via the discharge FET, and diode D2 across the charge FET
— The X3100 or X3101 monitors the voltages VCELL1 - VCELL4 to determine whether or not they have all fallen
below the “Return from over-charge threshold” (VOVR).
— (It is possible to change the status of UVP/OCP or OVP/LMON using the control register)
— All cell voltages fall below VOVR—The device is now in normal operation mode.
— The X3100/X3101 automatically switches charge FET = ON (OVP/LMON = Vss)
— The status of the discharge FET remains unaffected.
— Charging of the battery cells can now resume.
15
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X3100, X3101
Over-discharge Protection
If VCELL < VUV, for a time exceeding TUV, the cells are
said to be in a over-discharge state (Figure 6). In this
instance, the X3100 and X3101 automatically switch
the discharge FET OFF (UVP/OCP = Vcc), and then
enter sleep mode.
The over-discharge (under-voltage) value, VUV, can be
selected from the values shown in Table 5 by setting
bits VUV1, VUV0 in the configuration register. These
bits are set using the WCFIG command. Once in the
sleep mode, the following steps must occur before the
X3100 or X3101 allows the battery cells to discharge:
– The X3100 and X3101 must wake from sleep mode
(see section “Voltage Regulator” on page 22).
– The charge FET must be switched ON by the microcontroller (OVP/LMON=VSS), via the control register
(see section “Control Register Functionality” on
page 11).
– All battery cells must satisfy the condition: VCELL >
VUVR for a time exceeding TUVR.
– The discharge FET must be switched ON by the
microcontroller (UVP/OCP=VSS), via the control register (see section “Control Register Functionality” on
page 11)
The times TUV/TUVR are varied using a capacitor (CUV)
connected between pin UVT and GND (Table 13). The
delay TUV that results from a particular capacitance CUV,
can be approximated by the following linear equation:
TUV (s) ≈ 10 x CUV (µF)
TUVR (ms) ≈ 70 x CUV (µF)
Table 21. Typical Over-discharge Delay Times
Symbol
Description
CUV
Delay
TUV
Over-discharge
detection delay
0.1µF
1.0s (Typ)
TUVR
Over-discharge
release time
0.1µF
7ms (Typ)
Sleep Mode
The X3100 or X3101 can enter sleep mode in two
ways:
A sleep mode can be induced by the user, by setting
the SLP bit in the control register (Table 13) using the
WCNTR Instruction.
In sleep mode, power to all internal circuitry is
switched off, minimizing the current drawn by the
device to 1µA (max). In this state, the discharge FET
and the charge FET are switched OFF
(OVP/LMON=VCC and UVP/OCP=VCC), and the 5VDC
regulated output (VRGO) is 0V. Control of UVP/OCP
and OVP/LMON via bits UVPC and OVPC in the control register is also prohibited.
The device returns from sleep mode when VCC ≥ VSLR.
(e.g. when the battery terminals are connected to a
battery charger). In this case, the X3100 or the X3101
restores the 5VDC regulated output (section “Voltage
Regulator” on page 22), and communication via the
SPI port resumes.
If the Cell Charge Enable function is enabled when
VCC rises above VSLR, the X3100 and X3101 internally
verifies that the individual battery cell voltages (VCELL)
are larger than the cell charge enable voltage (VCE)
before allowing the FETs to be turned on. The value
of VCE is selected by using the WCFIG command to
set bits VCE1–VCE0 in the configuration register.
Only if the condition “VCELL > VCE” is satisfied can
the state of charge and discharge FETs be changed
via the control register. Otherwise, if VCELL < VCE for
any battery cell then both the Charge FET and the discharge FET are OFF (OVP/LMON=Vcc and
UVP/OCP=VCC). Thus both charge and discharge of
the battery cells via terminals P+ / P- is prohibited1.
The cell charging threshold function can be switched
ON or OFF by the user, by setting bit SWCEN in the
configuration register (Table 7) using the WCFIG command. In the case that this cell charge enable function
is switched OFF, then VCE is effectively set to 0V.
Neither the X3100 nor the X3101 enter sleep mode
(automatically or manually, by setting the SLP bit) if
VCC ≥ VSLR. This is to ensure that the device does not
go into a sleep mode while the battery cells are at a
high voltage (e.g. during cell charging).
i) The device enters the over-discharge protection
mode.
ii) The user sends the device into sleep mode using the
control register.
1.
16
In this case, charging of the battery may resume ONLY if the
cell charge enable function is switched OFF by setting bit
SWCEN = 1 in the configuration register (See Above,
“Configuration Register Functionality” on page 9).
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Figure 6. Over-discharge Protection Mode—Event Diagram
VSLR
VCC
Cell Charge Prohibited if SWCEN=0
AND VCELL < VCE
VCELL
0.7V
VUVR
VUV
TUVR
VCE
TUV
VCC
Note 3
Over-discharge Protection Mode
UVP/OCP
VSS
The Longer of TOV+200ms OR TUV+200ms
VCC
Note 1, 2
OVP/LMON
RGO
VSS
5V
Sleep Mode
0V
Event
1
0
2
3
4
5
Note 1: If SWEN = 0 and VCELL < VCE, then OVP/LMON stays high and charging is prohibited.
Note 2: OVP/LMON stays high until the microcontroller writes a “1” to the OVPC bit in the control register. This sets the signal low, which turns on the
charge FET. It cannot be turned on prior to this time.
Note 3: UVP/OCP stays high until the microcontroller writes a “1” to the UVPC bit in the control register. This sets the signal low, which turns on the
discharge FET. The FET cannot be turned on prior to this time.
Table 22. Over-discharge Protection Mode—Event Diagram Description
Event
[0,1)
[1]
(1,2)
Event Description
— Charge FET is ON (OVP/LMON = VSS)
— Discharge FET is ON (UVP/OCP = VSS), and hence battery cells are permitted to discharge.
— All cell voltages (VCELL1 - VCELL4) are above the Over-discharge threshold voltage (VUV).
— The device is in normal operation mode (i.e. not in a protection mode).
— The voltage of one or more of the battery cells (VCELL), falls below VUV.
— The internal over-discharge detection delay timer begins counting down.
— The device is still in normal operation mode
The internal over-discharge detection delay timer continues counting for TUV seconds.
[2]
— The internal over-discharge detection delay timer times out, AND VCELL is still below VUV.
— The internal over-discharge sense circuitry switches the discharge FET OFF (UVP/OCP = Vcc).
— The charge FET is switched OFF (OVP/LMON = VCC).
— The device has now entered over-discharge protection mode.
— At the same time, the device enters sleep mode (See section “Voltage Regulator” on page 22).
(2,3)
While device is in sleep (in over-discharge protection) mode:
— The power to ALL internal circuits is switched OFF limiting power consumption to less than 1µA.
— The output of the 5VDC voltage regulator (RGO) is 0V.
— Access to the X3100/X3101 via the SPI port is NOT possible.
17
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April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Table 22. Over-discharge Protection Mode—Event Diagram Description (Continued)
Event
[3]
(3,4)
Event Description
Return from sleep mode (but still in over-discharge protection mode):
— Vcc rises above the “Return from Sleep mode threshold Voltage” (VSLR)—This would normally occur in the
case that the battery pack was connected to a charger. The X3100/X3101 is now powered via P+/P-, and
not the battery pack cells.
— Power is returned to ALL internal circuitry
— 5VDC output is returned to the regulator output (RGO).
— Access is enabled to the X3100/X3101 via the SPI port.
— The status of the discharge FET remains OFF (It is possible to change the status of UVPC in the control
register, although it will have no effect at this time).
If the cell charge enable
function is switched ON
AND VCELL > VCE
OR
Charge enable function is
switched OFF
If the cell charge enable
function is switched ON
AND
VCELL < VCE
[4]
— The X3100/X3101 initiates a reset operation that takes the longer of
TOV + 200ms or TUV + 200ms to complete. Do not write to the FET control
bits during this time.
— The charge FET is switched On (OVP/LMON = Vss) by the microcontroller by
writing a “1” to the OVPC bit in the control register.
— The battery cells now receive charge via the charge FET and diode D1
across the discharge FET (which is OFF).
— The X3100/X3101 monitors the VCELL voltage to determine whether or not it
has risen above VUVR.
— Charge/discharge of the battery cells via P+ is no longer permitted (Charge
FET and discharge FET are held OFF).
— (Charging may re-commence only when the Cell Charge Enable function is
switched OFF - See Sections: “Configuration Register” page 4, and “Sleep
mode” page 17.)
— The voltage of all of the battery cells (VCELL), have risen above VUVR.
— The internal Over-discharge release timer begins counting down.
— The X3100/X3101 is still in over-discharge protection mode.
(4,5)
— The internal over-discharge release timer continues counting for tUVR seconds.
— The X3100/X3101 should be in monitor mode (AS2:AS0 not all low) for recovery time based on tUVR. Otherwise recovery is based on two successive samples about 120ms apart.
[5]
— The internal over-discharge release timer times out, AND VCELL is still above VUVR.
— The device returns from over-discharge protection mode, and is now in normal operation mode.
— The Charger voltage can now drop below VSLR and the X3100/X3101 will not go back to sleep.
— The discharge FET is can now be switched ON (UVP/OCP = VSS) by the microcontroller by writing a “1” to
the UVPC bit of the control register.
— The status of the charge FET remains unaffected (ON)
— The battery cells continue to receive charge via the charge FET and discharge FET (both ON).
18
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Over-Current Protection
In addition to monitoring the battery cell voltages, the
X3100 and X3101 continually monitor the voltage
VCS21 (VCS2 - VCS1) across the current sense resistor (RSENSE). If VCS21 > VOC for a time exceeding
TOC, then the device enters over-current protection
mode (Figure 7). In this mode, the X3100 and X3101
automatically switch the discharge FET OFF
(UVP/OCP = Vcc) and hence prevent current from
flowing through the terminals P+ and P-.
Figure 7. Over-Current Protection
P+
ILMON
Q2
If the load resistance > ROCR (ILMON = 0µA) for a time
exceeding TOCR, then the X3100 or X3101 is released
from over-current protection mode. The discharge FET
is then automatically switched ON (UVP/OCP = Vss)
by the X3100 or X3101, unless the status of UVP/OCP
has been changed in control register (by manipulating
bit UVPC) during the over-current protection mode.
TOC/TOCR are varied using a capacitor (COC) connected between pin OCT and VSS. A list of typical
delay times is shown in Table 23. Note that the value
COC should be larger than 1nF.
The delay TOC and TOCR that results from a particular
capacitance COC can be approximated by the following equations:
TOC (ms) ≈ 10,000 x COC (µF)
D1
TOCR (ms) ≈ 10,000 x COC (µF)
VRGO
Q10
OVP/LMON
ROCR
(Load)
Table 23. Typical Over-Current Delay Times
X3100/X3101
Symbol
FET Control
Circuitry
VSS
VCS1
Description
COC
Delay
TOC
Over-current
detection delay
0.001µF
10ms (Typ)
TOCR
Over-current
release time
0.001µF
10ms (Typ)
VCS2
P-
RSENSE
The 5VDC voltage regulator output (VRGO) is always
active during an over-current protection mode.
Once the device enters over-current protection mode,
the X3100 and X3101 begin a load monitor state. In
the load monitor state, a small current (ILMON = 7.5µA
typ.) is passed out of pin OVP/LMON in order to determine the load resistance. The load resistance is the
impedance seen looking out of pin OVP/LMON,
between terminal P+ and pin VSS (See Figure 7.)
19
The value of VOC can be selected from the values
shown in Table 6, by setting bits VOC1, VOC0 in the
configuration register using the WCFIG command.
Note: If the Charge FET is turned off, due to an overcharge condition or by direct command from the microcontroller, the cells are not in an undervoltage
condition and the pack has a load, then excessive current may flow through Q10 and diode D1. To eliminate
this effect, the gate of Q10 can be turned off by the
microcontroller through an unused X3101 cell balance
output, or directly from a microcontroller port instead of
connecting to VRGO.
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Figure 8. Over-Current Protection Mode—Event Diagram
Over-Current Protection Mode
Normal Operation Mode
Normal Operation Mode
B+
P+
P+ = (RLOAD+RSENSE) x ILMON
VOC
Voc
VCS2
VSS
TOCR
TOC
VCC
UVP/OCP
VSS
Event
0
1
3
2
4
Table 24. Over-Current Protection Mode—Event Diagram Description
Event
[0,1)
[1]
(1,2)
[2]
(2,3)
Event Description
— Discharge FET is ON (OCP = Vss). Battery cells are permitted to discharge.
— VCS21 (VCS2 - VCS1) is less than the over-current threshold voltage (VOC).
— The device is in normal operation mode (i.e. not in a protection mode).
— Excessive current flows through the battery terminals P+, dropping the voltage. (See Figure 8.).
— The positive battery terminal voltage (P+) falls, and VCS21 exceeds VOC.
— The internal over-current detection delay timer begins counting down.
— The device is still in Normal Operation Mode
The internal Over-current detection delay timer continues counting for TOC seconds.
— The internal over-current detection delay timer times out, AND VCS21 is still above VOC.
— The internal over-current sense circuitry switches the discharge FET OFF (UVP/OCP = Vcc).
— The device now begins a load monitor state by passing a small test current (ILMON = 7.5µA) out of pin
OVP/LMON. This senses if an over-current condition (i.e. if the load resistance < ROCR) still exists across
P+/P-.
— The device has now entered over-current protection mode.
— It is possible to change the status of UVPC and OVPC in the control register, although the status of pins
UVP/OCP and OVP/LMON will not change until the device has returned from over-current protection mode.
— The X3100/X3101 now continuously monitors the load resistance to detect whether or not an overcurrent condition is still present across the battery terminals P+/P-.
20
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Table 24. Over-Current Protection Mode—Event Diagram Description (Continued)
Event
Event Description
[3]
— The device detects the load resistance has risen above ROCR.
— Voltages P+ and VCS21 return to their normal levels.
— The test current from pin OVP/LMON is stopped (ILMON = 0µA)
— The device has now returned from the load monitor state
— The internal over-current release time timer begins counting down.
— Device is still in over-current protection mode.
The internal over-current release timer continues counting for TOCR seconds.
(3,4)
[4]
— The internal over-current release timer times out, and VCS21 is still below VOC.
— The device returns from over-current protection mode, and is now in normal operation mode.
— The discharge FET is automatically switched ON (UVP/OCP = Vss)—unless the status of UVPC has been
changed in the control register during the over-current protection mode.
— The status of the charge FET remains unaffected.
— Discharge of the battery cells is once again possible.
MONITOR MODE
Analog Multiplexer Selection
The X3100 and X3101 can be used to externally monitor
individual battery cell voltages, and battery current. Each
quantity can be monitored at the analog output pin (AO),
and is selected using the analog select (AS0 - AS2) pins
(Table 25). Also, see Figure 9.
Since the value of the sense resistor (RSENSE) is small
(typically in the order of tens of mΩ), and since the
resolution of various A/D converters may vary, the
voltage across RSENSE (VCS1 and VCS2) is amplified
internally with a gain of between 10 and 160, and output to pin AO (Figure 9).
Figure 9. X3100/X3101 Monitor Circuit
AS2 AS1 AS0
AO output
L
L
L
VSS(1)
L
L
H
VCELL1 - VCELL2 (VCELL12)
L
H
L
VCELL2 - VCELL3 (VCELL23)
L
H
H
VCELL3 - VCELL4 (VCELL34)
H
L
L
VCELL4 - Vss (VCELL4)
H
H
H
L
VCS1 - VCS2 (VCS12)(2)
VCS2 - VCS1 (VCS21)(2)
H
H
H
VSS
H
L
Cell 1 Voltage
Cell 2 Voltage
Cell 3 Voltage
Cell 4 Voltage
Voltage
Level
Shifters
2.5V
R2
+
OP1
Analog MUX
Table 25. AO Selection Map
AS0
AS1
AS2
AO
R2
R1
S0
R1
Config
Register
Notes: (1) This is the normal state of the X3100 or X3101. While
in this state Over-charge and Over-discharge Protection conditions are periodically monitored (See “Periodic Protection Monitoring” on page 13.)
(2) VCS1, VCS2 are read at AO with respect to a DC bias
voltage of 2.5V (See section “Current Monitor Function” on page 21).
CSG1 CSG0
Cross-Bar
Switch
21
SCL
SPI
CS
I/F
SI
Over-Current
Protection
X3100/X3101
Current Monitor Function
The voltages monitored at pins VCS1 and VCS2 can be
used to calculate current flowing through the battery
terminals, using an off-board microcontroller with an A/D.
Gain
Setting
VCS1
VCS2
PRSENSE
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
The internal gain of the X3100 or X3101 current sense
voltage amplifier can be selected by using the WCNTR
Instruction to set bits CSG1 and CSG0 in the control
register (Table 14). The CSG1 and CSG0 bits select
one of four input resistors to Op Amp OP1. The feedback resistors remain constant. This ratio of input to
feedback resistors determines the gain. Putting external resistors in series with the inputs reduces the gain of
the amplifier.
The maximum current that can flow from the voltage
regulator (ILMT) is controlled by the current limiting
resistor (RLMT) connected between RGP and VCC.
When the voltage across VCC and RGP reaches a
nominal 2.5V (i.e. the threshold voltage for the FET), Q2
switches ON, shorting VCC to the base of Q1. Since
the base voltage of Q1 is now higher than the emitter
voltage, Q1 switches OFF, and hence the supply current
goes to zero.
VCS1 and VCS2 are read at AO with respect to a DC
bias voltage of 2.5V. Therefore, the voltage range of
VCS12 and VCS21 changes depending upon the direction of current flow (i.e. battery cells are in Charge or
Discharge—Table 21).
Typical values for RLMT and ILMT are shown in Table
27. In order to protect the voltage regulator circuitry
from damage in case of a short-circuit, RLMT ≥ 10Ω
should always be used.
Table 27. Typical Values for RLMT and ILMT
Table 26. AO Voltage Range for VCS12 and VCS21
AO
Cell State
AO Voltage Range
VCS12
Charge
2.5V ≤ AO ≤ 5.0V
VCS12
Discharge
0V ≤ AO ≤ 2.5V
VCS21
Charge
0V ≤ AO ≤ 2.5V
VCS21
Discharge
2.5V ≤ AO ≤ 5.0V
By calculating the difference of VCS12 and VCS21 the
offset voltage of the internal op-amp circuitry is cancelled. This allows for the accurate calculation of current flow into and out of the battery cells.
RLMT
Voltage Regulator Current Limit (ILMT)
10Ω
250mA ± 50% (Typical)
25Ω
100mA ± 50% (Typical)
50Ω
50mA ± 50% (Typical)
When choosing the value of RLMT, the drive limitations
of the PNP transistor used should also be taken into
consideration. The transistor should have a gain of at
least 100 to support an output current of 250mA.
Figure 10. Voltage Regulator Operation
Pack current is calculated using the following formula:
VCC
( VCS 12 – VCS 21 )
Pack Current = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( 2 ) ( gain setting )(current sense resistor)
To Internal Voltage
Regulating Circuitry
RLMT
X3100/X3101
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
The X3100 and X3101 are able to supply peripheral
devices with a regulated 5VDC±0.5% output at pin
RGO. The voltage regulator should be configured
externally as shown in Figure 10.
RGP
Tuning
5VDC
Precision
Voltage
Reference
Un-Regulated
Voltage
Input
Q2
+
_
ILMT
RGC
Q1
OP1
The non-inverting input of OP1 is fed with a high precision 5VDC supply. The voltage at the output of the
voltage regulator (VRGO) is compared to this 5V reference via the inverting input of OP1. The output of OP1
in turn drives the regulator pnp transistor (Q1). The
negative feedback at the regulator output maintains
the voltage at 5VDC±0.5% (including ripple) despite
changes in load, and differences in regulator transistors.
4KBIT EEPROM MEMORY
When power is applied to pin VCC of the X3100 or
X3101, VRGO is regulated to 5VDC±10% for a nominal
time of TOC+2ms. During this time period, VRGO is
“tuned” to attain a final value of 5VDC±0.5% (Figure 2).
The X3100 and X3101 contain a CMOS 4k-bit serial
EEPROM, internally organized as 512 x 8 bits. This
memory is accessible via the SPI port, and features
the IDLock function.
22
RGO
Regulated
5VDC Output
0.1
µF
VRGO
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
The 4kbit EEPROM array can be accessed by the SPI
port at any time, even during a protection mode, except
during sleep mode. After power is applied to VCC of the
X3100 or X3101, EEREAD and EEWRITE Instructions
can be executed only after times tPUR (power-up to
read time) and tPUW (power-up to write time) respectively.
IDLock is a programmable locking mechanism which
allows the user to lock data in different portions of the
EEPROM memory space, ranging from as little as one
page to as much as 1/2 of the total array. This is useful
for storing information such as battery pack serial
number, manufacturing codes, battery cell chemistry
data, or cell characteristics.
The IDLock protection byte contains the IDLock bits
IDL2-IDL0, which defines the particular partition to be
locked (Table 28). The rest of the bits [7:3] are unused
and must be written as zeroes. Bringing CS HIGH
after the two byte IDLock instruction initiates a nonvolatile write to the status register. Writing more than one
byte to the status register will overwrite the previously
written IDLock byte.
Once an IDLock instruction has been completed, that
IDLock setup is held in a nonvolatile IDLock Register
(Table 29) until the next IDLock instruction is issued. The
sections of the memory array that are IDLocked can be
read but not written until IDLock is removed or changed.
Table 29. IDLock Register
EEPROM Write Enable Latch
The X3100 and X3101 contain an EEPROM “Write
Enable” latch. This latch must be SET before a write to
EEPROM operation is initiated. The WREN instruction
will set the latch and the WRDI instruction will reset the
latch (Figure 11). This latch is automatically reset upon
a power-up condition and after the completion of a byte
or page write cycle.
IDLock Memory
Intersil’s IDLock memory provides a flexible mechanism to store and lock battery cell/pack information.
There are seven distinct IDLock memory areas within
the array which vary in size from one page to as much
as half of the entire array.
Prior to any attempt to perform an IDLock operation,
the WREN instruction must first be issued. This
instruction sets the “Write Enable” latch and allows the
part to respond to an IDLock sequence. The EEPROM
memory may then be IDLocked by writing the SET IDL
instruction (Table 30 and Figure 19), followed by the
IDLock protection byte.
Table 28. IDLock Partition Byte Definition
IDLock Protection
Bytes
EEPROM Memory Address
IDLocked
0000 0000
None
0000 0001
000h - 07Fh
0000 0010
080h - 0FFh
0000 0011
100h - 17Fh
0000 0100
180h - 1FFh
0000 0101
000h - 0FFh
0000 0110
000h - 00Fh
0000 0111
1F0h - 1FFh
23
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
IDL2
IDL1
IDL0
Note:
Bits [7:3] specified to be “0’s”
X3100/X3101 SPI SERIAL COMMUNICATION
The X3100 and X3101 are designed to interface
directly with the synchronous Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) of many popular microcontroller families.
This interface uses four signals, CS, SCK, SI and SO.
The signal CS when low, enables communications
with the device. The SI pin carries the input signal and
SO provides the output signal. SCK clocks data in or
out. The X3100 and X3101 operate in SPI mode 0
which requires SCK to be normally low when not
transferring data. It also specifies that the rising edge
of SCK clocks data into the device, while the falling
edge of SCK clocks data out.
This SPI port is used to set the various internal registers, write to the EEPROM array, and select various
device functions.
The X3100 and X3101 contain an 8-bit instruction
register. It is accessed by clocking data into the SI
input. CS must be LOW during the entire operation.
Table 30 contains a list of the instructions and their
opcodes. All instructions, addresses and data are
transferred MSB first.
Data input is sampled on the first rising edge of SCK
after CS goes LOW. SCK is static, allowing the user to
stop the clock, and then start it again to resume operations where left off.
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Table 30. X3100/X3101 Instruction Set
Instruction
Name
Instruction
Format*
WREN
0000 0110
Set the write enable latch (write enable operation)—Figure 11
WRDI
0000 0100
Reset the write enable latch (write disable operation)—Figure 11
EEWRITE
0000 0010
Write command followed by address/data (4kbit EEPROM)—Figure 12, Figure 13
EEREAD STAT
0000 0101
Reads IDLock settings & status of EEPROM EEWRITE instruction—Figure 14
EEREAD
0000 0011
Read operation followed by address (for 4kbit EEPROM)—Figure 15
WCFIG
0000 1001
Write to configuration register followed by two bytes of data—Figure 4, Figure 16.
Data stored in SRAM only and will power-up to previous settings—Figure 3
WCNTR
0000 1010
Write to control register, followed by two bytes of data—Figure 17
RDSTAT
0000 1011
Read contents of status register—Figure 18
SET IDL
0000 0001
Set EEPROM ID lock partition followed by partition byte—Figure 19
Description
*Instructions have the MSB in leftmost position and are transferred MSB first.
the write operation to proceed. The WRDI command
resets the internal latch if the system decides to abort
a write operation. See Figure 11.
Write Enable/Write Disable (WREN/WRDI)
Any write to a nonvolatile array or register, requires
the WREN command be sent prior to the write command. This command sets an internal latch allowing
Figure 11. EEPROM Write Enable Latch (WREN/WRDI) Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
WREN
SCK
Instruction
(1 Byte)
SI
SO
24
High Impedance
WRDI
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
For a byte or page write operation to be completed,
CS can only be brought HIGH after bit 0 of the last
data byte to be written is clocked in. If it is brought
HIGH at any other time, the write operation will not be
completed. Refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 for
detailed illustration of the write sequences and time
frames in which CS going HIGH are valid.
EEPROM Write Sequence (EEWRITE)
Prior to any attempt to write data into the EEPROM of
the X3100 or X3101, the “Write Enable” latch must first
be set by issuing the WREN instruction (See Table 30
and Figure 11). CS is first taken LOW. Then the WREN
instruction is clocked into the X3100 or X3101. After all
eight bits of the instruction are transmitted, CS must
then be taken HIGH. If the user continues the write
operation without taking CS HIGH after issuing the
WREN instruction, the write operation will be ignored.
EEPROM Read Status Operation (EEREAD STAT)
If there is not a nonvolatile write in progress, the
EEREAD STAT instruction returns the IDLock byte
from the IDLock register which contains the IDLock
bits IDL2-IDL0 (Table 29). The IDLock bits define the
IDLock condition (Table 28). The other bits are
reserved and will return ‘0’ when read.
To write data to the EEPROM memory array, the user
issues the EEWRITE instruction, followed by the 16 bit
address and the data to be written. Only the last 9 bits
of the address are used and bits [15:9] are specified to
be zeroes. This is minimally a thirty-two clock operation. CS must go LOW and remain LOW for the duration of the operation. The host may continue to write
up to 16 bytes of data to the X3100 or X3101. The only
restriction is the 16 bytes must reside on the same
page. If the address counter reaches the end of the
page and the clock continues, the counter will “roll
over” to the first address of the page and overwrite any
data that may have been previously written.
If a nonvolatile write to the EEPROM (i.e. EEWRITE
instruction) is in progress, the EEREAD STAT returns
a HIGH on SO. When the nonvolatile write cycle in
the EEPROM is completed, the status register data is
read out.
Clocking SCK is valid during a nonvolatile write in
progress, but is not necessary. If the SCK line is
clocked, the pointer to the status register is also
clocked, even though the SO pin shows the status of
the nonvolatile write operation (See Figure 14).
Figure 12. EEPROM Byte Write (EEWRITE) Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
SCK
EEWRITE Instruction
(1 Byte)
Byte Address (2 Byte)
15 14
SI
3
2
Data Byte
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
High Impedance
SO
25
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Figure 13. EEPROM Page Write (EEWRITE) Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
10
SCK
EEWRITE
Instruction
Byte Address
(2 Byte)
15 14 13
SI
3
Data Byte 1
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
150
151
149
148
147
146
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
145
CS
1
0
SCK
Data Byte 2
SI
7
6
5
4
3
Data Byte 3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
Data Byte 16
1
0
6
5
4
3
2
Figure 14. EEPROM Read Status (EEREAD STAT) Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
...
SCK
EEREAD STAT
Instruction
...
SI
Nonvolatile EEWRITE in Progress
I
D
L
2
SO
SO High During
Nonvolatile
EEWRITE Cycle
26
I
D
L
1
I
D
L
0
...
SO=Status Reg Bit
When No Nonvolatile
EEWRITE Cycle
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
EEPROM Read Sequence (EEREAD)
When reading from the X3100 or X3101 EEPROM
memory, CS is first pulled LOW to select the device.
The 8-bit EEREAD instruction is transmitted to the
X3100 or X3101, followed by the 16-bit address, of
which the last 9 bits are used (bits [15:9] specified to be
zeroes). After the EEREAD opcode and address are
sent, the data stored in the memory at the selected
address is shifted out on the SO line. The data stored in
memory at the next address can be read sequentially
by continuing to provide clock pulses. The address is
automatically incremented to the next higher address
after each byte of data is shifted out. When the highest
address is reached (01FFh), the address counter rolls
over to address 0000h, allowing the read cycle to be
continued indefinitely. The read operation is terminated
by taking CS HIGH. Refer to the EEPROM Read
(EEREAD) operation sequence illustrated in Figure 15.
Figure 15. EEPROM (EEREAD) Read Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
SCK
EEREAD Instruction
(1 Byte)
Byte Address (2 Byte)
15 14
SI
High Impedance
SO
27
3
2
Data Out
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Write Configuration Register (WCFIG)
Write Control Register (WCNTRL)
The Write Configuration Register (WCFIG) instruction updates the static part of the Configuration Register. These new values take effect immediately, for
example writing a new Over-discharge voltage limit.
However, to make these changes permanent, so they
remain if the cell voltages are removed, an EEWRITE
operation to the EEPROM array is required following
the WCFIG command. This command is shown in
Figure 16.
The Write Control Register (WCNTRL) instruction
updates the contents of the volatile Control Register.
This command sets the status of the FET control
pins, the cell balancing outputs, the current sense
gain and external entry to the sleep mode. Since this
instruction controls a volatile register, no other
commands are required and there is no delay time
needed after the instruction, before subsequent
commands. The operation of the WCNTRL command
is shown in Figure 17.
Figure 16. Write Configuration Register (WCFIG) Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20 21 22 23
9
SCK
Configuration
Register Data
WCFIG Instruction
3
15 14
SI
2
1
0
(2 BYTE)
(1 BYTE)
High Impedance
SO
Figure 17. Write Control Register (WCNTR) Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18 19 20 21 22
9
23
SCK
Control
Register Data
WCNTR Instruction
5
15 14
SI
(1 Byte)
4
3
2
1
0
(2 Byte)
High Impedance
SO
Control
Bits
Old Control Bits
28
New Control Bits
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Read Status Register (RDSTAT)
Set ID Lock (SET IDL)
The Read Status Register (RDSTAT) command
returns the status of the X3100 or X3101. The Status
Register contains three bits that indicate whether the
voltage regulator is stabilized, and if there are any protection failure conditions. The operation of the
RDSTAT instruction is shown in Figure 18.
The contents of the EEPROM memory array in the
X3100 or X3101 can be locked in one of eight configurations using the SET ID lock command. When a section of the EEPROM array is locked, the contents
cannot be changed, even when a valid write operation
attempts a write to that area. The SET IDL command
operation is shown in Figure 19.
Figure 18. Read Status Register (RDSTAT) Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
8
10 11 12 13 14 15
SCK
RDSTAT
Instruction
SI
(1 Byte)
High Impedance
2
SO
1
0
Status Register Output
Figure 19. EEPROM IDLock (SET IDL) Operation Sequence
CS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15
SCK
Set IDL
Instruction
IDLock
Byte
I
D
L
2
SI
I
D
L
1
I
D
L
0
High Impedance
SO
29
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Storage temperature
-55
125
°C
Operating temperature
-40
85
°C
5
mA
300
°C
VSS-0.5
VSS+27.0
V
-0.5
6.75
V
DC output current
Lead temperature (soldering 10 seconds)
VCC
Power supply voltage
Unit
VCELL
Cell voltage
VTERM1
Terminal voltage (Pins: SCK, SI, SO, CS, AS0, AS1, AS2, VCS1,
VCS2, OVT, UVT, OCT, AO)
VSS-0.5
VRGO + 0.5
V
VTERM2
Terminal voltage (VCELL1)
VSS-0.5
VCC + 1.0
V
VTERM3
Terminal voltage (all other pins)
VSS-0.5
VCC + 0.5
V
Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is
a stress rating only; the functional operation of the device (at these or any other conditions above those indicated in
the operational sections of this specification) is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Temperature
Min.
Max.
Supply Voltage
Limits
Commercial
-20°C
+70°C
X3100/X3101
6V to 24V
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
(Over the recommended operating conditions, unless otherwise specified.)
Limits
Symbol
Max.
Units
ILI
Input leakage current (SCK, SI, CS,
ASO, AS1, AS2)
Parameter
Min.
±10
µA
ILO
Output leakage current (SO)
±10
µA
Test Conditions
(1)
Input LOW voltage
(SCK, SI, CS, AS0, AS1, AS2)
- 0.3
VRGO x 0.3
V
VIH(1)
Input HIGH voltage
(SCK, SI, CS, AS0, AS1, AS2)
VRGO x 0.7
VRGO + 0.3
V
VOL1
Output LOW voltage (SO)
0.4
V
IOL = 1.0mA
VOH1
Output HIGH voltage (SO)
V
IOH = -0.4mA
VOL2
Output LOW voltage
(UVP/OCP, OVP/LMON, CB1-CB4)
V
IOL = 100uA
VOH2
Output HIGH voltage
(UVP/OCP, OVP/LMON, CB1-CB4)
V
IOH = -20uA
VOL3
Output LOW voltage (RGC)
V
IOL = 2mA, RGP = VCC,
RGO = 5V
VOH3
Output HIGH voltage (RGC)
V
IOH = -20µA, RGP = VCC - 4V,
RGO = 5V
VIL
Note:
VRGO - 0.8
0.4
VCC-0.4
0.4
VCC-4.0
(1) VIL min. and VIH max. are for reference only and are not 100% tested.
30
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS X3100
(Over the recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified)
Description
Sym
5V regulated voltage
VRGO
5VDC voltage regulator current
limit
ILMT(3)
Condition
Min
Typ(2)
Max
Unit
5.5
V
On power-up or at wake-up
4.5
After self-tuning
(@10mA VRGO current; 25oC)
4.98
After self-tuning
(@10mA VRGO current; 0 - 50oC)(5)
4.95
5.02
After self-tuning
(@50mA VRGO current)(5)
4.90
5.00
4.99
RLMT = 10Ω
250
5.00
V
mA
VCC supply current (1)
Icc1
Normal operation
85
250
µA
VCC supply current (2)
Icc2
during nonvolatile EEPROM write
1.3
2.5
mA
VCC supply current (3)
Icc3
During EEPROM read
SCK=3.3MHz
0.9
1.2
mA
VCC supply current (4)
Icc4
Sleep mode
1
µA
VCC supply current (5)
Icc5
Monitor mode
AN2, AN1, AN0 not equal to 0.
600
µA
Cell over-charge protection mode
voltage threshold
(Default in Boldface)
Cell over-charge protection mode
release voltage threshold
Cell over-charge detection time
Cell over-discharge protection
mode (SLEEP) threshold.
(Default in Boldface)
Cell over-discharge protection
mode release threshold
VOV(4)
365
VOV = 4.20V (VOV1, VOV0 = 0,0)
0oC to 50oC
4.10
4.15
4.275
4.25
V
VOV = 4.25V (VOV1, VOV0 = 0,1)
0oC to 50oC
4.15
4.20
4.325
4.30
V
VOV = 4.30V (VOV1, VOV0 = 1,0)
0oC to 50oC
4.2
4.25
4.375
4.35
V
VOV = 4.35V (VOV1, VOV0 = 1,1)
0oC to 50oC
4.25
4.425
V
4.30
4.40
VOVR
TOV
VUV
(4)
COV = 0.1uF
VOV 0.20
V
1
s
VUV = 1.95V (VUV1, VUV0 = 0,0)
1.85
2.05
V
VUV = 2.05V (VUV1, VUV0 = 0,1)
1.95
2.15
V
VUV = 2.15V (VUV1, VUV0 = 1,0)
2.05
2.25
V
VUV = 2.25V (VUV1, VUV0 = 1,1)
2.15
2.35
V
VUVR
VUV +
0.7
V
Cell over-discharge detection time
TUV
CUV = 0.1µF
CUV = 200pF
1
2
s
ms
Cell over-discharge release time
TUVR
CUV = 0.1µF
CUV = 200pF
7
100
ms
µs
31
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Description
Sym
Over-current mode detection
voltage
(Default in Boldface)
VOC
(4)
Condition
Min
VOC = 0.075V (VOC1, VOC0 = 0,0)
0oC to 50oC
Typ(2)
Max
Unit
0.050
0.060
0.100
0.090
V
VOC = 0.100V (VOC1, VOC0 = 0,1)
0oC to 50oC
0.075
0.085
0.125
0.115
V
VOC = 0.125V (VOC1, VOC0 = 1,0)
0oC to 50oC
0.100
0.110
0.150
0.140
V
VOC = 0.150V (VOC1, VOC0 = 1,1)
0oC to 50oC
0.125
0.135
0.175
0.165
V
Over-current mode detection time
TOC
COC = 0.001µF
COC = 200pF
10
2
ms
Over-current mode release time
TOCR
COC = 0.001µF
COC = 200pF
10
2
ms
Load resistance over-current mode
release condition
ROCR
Releases when OVP/LMON pin >
2.5V
250
kΩ
Cell charge threshold voltage
VCE(4)
VCE = 0.5V (Vce1, Vce0 = 0,0)
0.4
0.5
0.6
V
VCE = 0.8V (Vce1, Vce0 = 0,1)
0.7
0.8
0.9
V
VCE = 1.1V (Vce1, Vce0 = 1,0)
1
1.1
1.2
V
VCE = 1.4V (Vce1, Vce0 = 1,1)
1.3
1.4
1.5
V
VSLR
See Wake-up test circuit
12.5
15.5
V
VSLP
See Sleep test circuit
11.5
14.5
V
X3100 wake-up voltage
(For Vcc above this voltage, the
device wakes up)
X3100 sleep voltage
(For Vcc above this voltage, the
device cannot go to sleep)
Notes: (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Typical at 25°C.
See Figure 10 on page 22.
The default setting is set at the time of shipping, but may be changed by the user via changes in the configuration register.
For reference only, this parameter is not 100% tested.
Wake-up test circuit (X3100)
Sleep test circuit (X3100)
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
RGP
VCELL1
VCELL1
RGC
VCELL2
RGO
1V
VCELL2
VRGO
RGP
RGC
RGO
VRGO
1V
VCELL3
VCELL3
1V
VCELL4
VCELL4
1V
Vss
Increase Vcc until VRGO turns on
32
Vss
Decrease Vcc until VRGO turns off
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS X3101
(Over the recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified)
Description
Sym
5V regulated voltage
VRGO
5VDC voltage regulator current limit
ILMT(3)
Condition
Min
Typ(2)
Max
Unit
5.5
V
On power-up or at wake-up
4.5
After self-tuning
(@10mA VRGO current; 25oC)
4.98
After self-tuning
(@10mA VRGO current; 0 - 50oC)(5)
4.95
5.02
After self-tuning
(@50mA VRGO current)(5)
4.90
5.00
4.99
RLMT = 10Ω
250
5.00
V
mA
VCC supply current (1)
Icc1
Normal operation
85
250
µA
VCC supply current (2)
Icc2
during nonvolatile EEPROM write
1.3
2.5
mA
VCC supply current (3)
Icc3
During EEPROM read
SCK = 3.3MHz
0.9
1.2
mA
1
µA
365
600
µA
VCC supply current (4)
Icc4
Sleep mode
VCC supply current (5)
Icc5
Monitor mode
AN2, AN1, AN0 not equal to 0.
Cell over-charge protection mode
voltage threshold
(Default in Boldface)
Cell over-charge protection mode
release voltage threshold
Cell over-charge detection time
Cell over-discharge protection
mode (SLEEP) threshold.
(Default in Boldface)
Cell over-discharge protection
mode release threshold
VOV(4)
VOV = 4.20V (VOV1, VOV0 = 0,0)
0oC to 50oC
4.10
4.15
4.275
4.25
V
VOV = 4.25V (VOV1, VOV0 = 0,1)
0oC to 50oC
4.15
4.20
4.325
4.30
V
VOV = 4.30V (VOV1, VOV0 = 1,0)
0oC to 50oC
4.2
4.25
4.375
4.35
V
VOV = 4.35V (VOV1, VOV0 = 1,1)
0oC to 50oC
4.25
4.425
V
4.30
4.40
VOVR
TOV
VUV
(4)
COV = 0.1uF
VOV 0.20
V
1
s
VUV = 2.25V (VUV1, VUV0 = 0,0)
2.15
2.35
V
VUV = 2.35V (VUV1, VUV0 = 0,1)
2.25
2.45
V
VUV = 2.45V (VUV1, VUV0 = 1,0)
2.35
2.55
V
VUV = 2.55V (VUV1, VUV0 = 1,1)
2.45
2.65
V
VUVR
VUV +
0.7
V
Cell over-discharge detection time
TUV
CUV = 0.1µF
CUV = 200pF
1
2
s
ms
Cell over-discharge release time
TUVR
CUV = 0.1µF
CUV = 200pF
7
100
ms
µs
33
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Description
Sym
Over-current mode detection
voltage
(Default in Boldface)
VOC
(4)
Condition
Min
VOC = 0.075V (VOC1, VOC0 = 0,0)
0oC to 50oC
Typ(2)
Max
Unit
0.050
0.060
0.100
0.090
V
VOC = 0.100V (VOC1, VOC0 = 0,1)
0oC to 50oC
0.075
0.085
0.125
0.115
V
VOC = 0.125V (VOC1, VOC0 = 1,0)
0oC to 50oC
0.100
0.110
0.150
0.140
V
VOC = 0.150V (VOC1, VOC0 = 1,1)
0oC to 50oC
0.125
0.135
0.175
0.165
V
Over-current mode detection time
TOC
COC = 0.001µF
COC = 200pF
10
2
ms
Over-current mode release time
TOCR
COC = 0.001µF
COC = 200pF
10
2
ms
Load resistance over-current mode
release condition
ROCR
Releases when OVP/LMON pin >
2.5V
250
kΩ
Cell charge threshold voltage
X3101 wake-up voltage
VCE
VCE = 0.5V (Vce1, Vce0 = 0,0)
0.4
0.5
0.6
V
VCE = 0.8V (Vce1, Vce0 = 0,1)
0.7
0.8
0.9
V
VCE = 1.1V (Vce1, Vce0 = 1,0)
1
1.1
1.2
V
VCE = 1.4V (Vce1, Vce0 = 1,1)
1.3
1.4
1.5
V
VSLR
See Wake-up test circuit
10.5
12.5
V
VSLP
See Sleep test circuit
9.5
11.5
V
(For Vcc above this voltage, the device
wakes up)
X3101 sleep voltage
(For Vcc above this voltage, the device
cannot go to sleep)
Notes: (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Typical at 25°C.
See Figure 10 on page 22.
The default setting is set at the time of shipping, but may be changed by the user via changes in the configuration register.
For reference only, this parameter is not 100% tested.
Wake-up test circuit (X3101)
Sleep test circuit (X3101)
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
VCELL1
VCELL2
RGP
Vcc
VCELL1
RGC
RGO
1V
VCELL2
VRGO
RGP
RGC
RGO
VRGO
1V
VCELL3
VCELL3
1V
VCELL4
VCELL4
Vss
Vss
Increase Vcc until VRGO turns on
34
Decrease Vcc until VRGO turns off
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
POWER-UP TIMING
Symbol
tPUR
(6)
tPUW1(6)
tPUW2(6)
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Power-up to SPI read operation (RDSTAT, EEREAD STAT)
TOC + 2ms
Power-up to SPI write operation (WREN, WRDI, EEWRITE, WCFIG, SET IDL, WCNTR)
TOC + 2ms
Power-up to SPI write operation (WCNTR - bits 10 and 11)
TOV + 200ms
or
TUV + 200ms(7)
Notes: (6) tPUR, tPUW1 and tPUW2 are the delays required from the time VCC is stable until a read or write can be initiated. These parameters are
not 100% tested.
(7) Whichever is longer.
CAPACITANCE TA = +25°C, f = 1 MHz, VRGO = 5V
Symbol
COUT(8)
CIN(8)
Max.
Units
Conditions
Output capacitance (SO)
Parameter
8
pF
VOUT = 0V
Input capacitance (SCK, SI, CS)
6
pF
VIN = 0V
Notes: (8) This parameter is not 100% tested.
Equivalent A.C. Load Circuit
A.C. TEST CONDITIONS
Input pulse levels
5V
2061Ω
0.5 - 4.5V
Input rise and fall times
10ns
Input and output timing level
2.5V
SO
3025Ω
35
30pF
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
A.C. CHARACTERISTICS (Over the recommended operating conditions, unless otherwise specified.)
SERIAL INPUT TIMING
Symbol
Parameter
Voltage
Min.
Max.
Units
0
3.3
MHz
fSCK
Clock frequency
tCYC
Cycle time
300
ns
tLEAD
CS lead time
150
ns
tLAG
CS lag time
150
ns
tWH
Clock HIGH time
130
ns
tWL
Clock LOW time
130
ns
tSU
Data setup time
20
ns
tH
Data hold time
20
ns
tRI(9)
tFI(9)
Data in rise time
2
µs
Data in fall time
2
µs
tCS
CS deselect time
tWC
(10)
100
ns
Write cycle time
5
ms
Notes: (9) This parameter is not 100% tested
(10)tWC is the time from the rising edge of CS after a valid write sequence has been sent to the end of the self-timed internal nonvolatile
write cycle.
Serial Input Timing
tCS
CS
tLEAD
tLAG
SCK
tH
tSU
SI
MSB IN
tRI
tFI
LSB IN
SO
36
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Serial Output Timing
Symbol
Parameter
Voltage
Min.
Units
fSCK
Clock Frequency
3.3
MHz
tDIS
Output Disable Time
150
ns
Output Valid from Clock LOW
130
ns
tV
tHO
Output Hold Time
0
ns
(11)
Output Rise Time
50
ns
(11)
Output Fall Time
50
ns
tRO
tFO
0
Max.
Notes: (11)This parameter is not 100% tested.
Serial Output Timing
CS
tCYC
tWH
tLAG
SCK
tHO
tV
SO
SI
MSB Out
MSB–1 Out
tWL
tDIS
LSB Out
ADDR
LSB In
SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
Must be
steady
Will be
steady
May change
from LOW
to HIGH
Will change
from LOW
to HIGH
May change
from HIGH
to LOW
Will change
from HIGH
to LOW
Don’t Care:
Changes
Allowed
Changing:
State Not
Known
N/A
Center Line
is High
Impedance
37
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
Analog Output Response Time
Symbol
Parameter
tVSC
tCSGO
tCO
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
AO Output Stabilization Time (Voltage Source Change)
1.0
ms
AO Output Stabilization Time (Current Sense Gain Change)
1.0
ms
Control Outputs Response Time (UVP/OCP, OVP/MON, CB4,
CB3, CB2, CB1, RGC)
1.0
µs
ANALOG OUTPUT RESPONSE TIME
Change in Voltage Source
AS2:AS0
AO
tVSC
tVSC
Change in Current Sense Gain Amplification and Control Bits
CS
SCK
DI
Control Reg
OVPC
Bit10
AO
Current Sense
Gain Change
UVP/OCP
OVP/LMON
CB4:CB1
RGC
Control
Outputs
CSG1 CSG0
SLP
0
Bit9
Bit7
Bit6
Bit8
0
x
Bit5
Old Gain
tCSGO
New Gain
On
Off
tCO
38
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Norm al Operating Current
Monitor Mode Current
450
125
Current (uA)
Current (uA)
150
100
75
50
400
350
300
-20
25
80
-20
25
Tem perature
Tem perature
X3100 Over Discharge Trip Voltage (Typical)
X3100/X3101 Over Charge Trip Voltage (Typical)
4.35
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
4.40
4.30
4.25
4.20
2.30
2.25
2.20
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.00
1.95
4.15
-25
-25
80
25
25
75
75
Temperature (Deg C)
Temperature (Deg C)
4.2V Setting
4.3V Setting
4.25V Setting
4.35V Setting
1.95V Setting
2.15V Setting
X3101 Over Discharge Trip Voltage (Typical)
Voltage Regulator Output (Typical)
Vcc = 10.8V to 16V Rlim = 15 Ohm (Ilim = 200mA)
Voltage (V)
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.35
2.30
2.25
25
75
Regulator Voltage (V)
2.60
-25
5.020
5.000
4.980
4.960
4.940
4.920
4.900
4.880
Temperature (Deg C)
2.25V Setting
2.45V Setting
2.05V Setting
2.25V Setting
1
10
50
100
Load (mA)
2.35V Setting
2.55V Setting
-25 degC
25 degC
75 degC
Regulated Voltage
Voltage Regulator Output (Typical)
Vcc = 10.8V to 16V Rlim = 15 Ohm (Ilim = 200mA)
5.020
5.000
4.980
4.960
4.940
4.920
4.900
4.880
-25
25
75
Temperature
1mA Load
10mA Load
50mA Load
100 mA Load
For typical performance of current and voltage monitoring circuits, please refer to Application Note AN142 and AN143
39
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005
X3100, X3101
28-Lead Plastic, TSSOP, Package Code V28
.026 (.65) BSC
.169 (4.3)
.252 (6.4) BSC
.177 (4.5)
.377 (9.60)
.385 (9.80)
.047 (1.20)
.0075 (.19)
.0118 (.30)
.002 (.06)
.005 (.15)
.010 (.25)
Gage Plane
0° - 8°
(4.16) (7.72)
Seating Plane
.020 (.50)
.030 (.75)
(1.78)
Detail A (20X)
(0.42)
(0.65)
.031 (.80)
.041 (1.05)
All Measurements are Typical
See Detail “A”
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
40
FN8110.0
April 11, 2005