bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com bq28550 Single Cell Li-Ion Battery Gas Gauge and Protection Check for Samples: bq28550 FEATURES 1 • • • A Comprehensive Single-Cell Li-Ion Battery Manager Integrates All Essential Functions – Gas Gauge – Low-Side N-CH FET Protection Control – JEITA/Enhanced Charging – Authentication Battery Gas Gauge Information Protection Functions Include: – Short-Circuit – Overcurrent Charge and Discharge – Overvoltage Charge (Overcharge) • • • – Undervoltage (Over-Discharge) – Firmware Control of Discharge FET SHA-1/HMAC Battery Authentication SMBus Communications Interface 12-pin, 2.5-mm x 4.0-mm SON Package APPLICATIONS • • • • • Tablet PCs Slates Digital Still and Video Cameras Handheld Terminals MP3 or Multimedia Players DESCRIPTION The Texas Instruments bq28550 battery gas gauge provides current and voltage protection, and secure, SHA-1/HMAC authentication for single-cell Li-Ion battery packs. Designed for battery-pack integration, the bq28550 requires host microcontroller firmware support for implementation. A system processor communicates with the bq28550 using one of the serial interface configurations to obtain remaining battery capacity, system run-time predictions, and other critical battery information. The bq28550 uses an accurate gas gauging algorithm to report the status of the cell. The gauge provides information such as state-of-charge (%), run-time to empty (min.), charge-time to full (min.), battery voltage (V), and pack temperature (°C). The bq28550 also features integrated support for secure battery-pack authentication, using the SHA-1/HMAC authentication algorithm. DOUT 1 12 NC COUT 2 11 SCL VM 3 10 SDA BAT 4 9 TS VREG 5 8 SRN VSS 6 7 SRP bq28550 Figure 1. Top View 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. Table 1. ORDERING INFORMATION (1) TA –40°C to 85°C (1) PART NUMBER PACKAGE TAPE AND REEL QUANTITY bq28550DRZR 12-pin, 2.5-mm × 4.0-mm SON 3000 bq28550DRZT 250 For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or visit the device product folder on ti.com (www.ti.com). THERMAL INFORMATION bq28550 THERMAL METRIC (1) SON UNITS 12 PINS θJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (2) θJC(top) Junction-to-case(top) thermal resistance 186.4 (3) 90.4 (4) θJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter θJC(bottom) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 110.7 (5) Junction-to-case(bottom) thermal resistance 96.7 (6) °C/W 90 (7) n/a For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a. The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDEC-standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB temperature, as described in JESD51-8. The junction-to-top characterization parameter, ψJT, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted from the simulation data for obtaining θJA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7). The junction-to-board characterization parameter, ψJB, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted from the simulation data for obtaining θJA , using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7). The junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the exposed (power) pad. No specific JEDEC standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. PIN DETAILS Table 2. Pin Descriptions 2 PIN NUMBER PIN NAME I/O (1) 1 DOUT IA The output of gate drive for discharge FET DESCRIPTION 2 COUT IA The output of gate drive for charge FET 3 VM IA Analog input pin connected to the PACKN through a 510-Ω resistor. Overcurrent and short-circuit protection circuits use the voltage across VM and VSS to detect if excessive charge or discharge current is flowing through the protection FETs. 4 BAT IA Cell voltage measurement input. ADC input. Connect a 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor to VSS. 5 VREG P 2.5-V output voltage of the internal integrated LDO. Connect a 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor to VSS. 6 VSS P Device ground 7 SRP IA Analog input pin connected to the internal coulomb counter where SRP is nearest the CELL-connection. Connect to 5-mΩ to 20-mΩ sense resistor. 8 SRN IA Analog input pin connected to the internal coulomb counter where SRN is nearest the PACKN connection. Connect to 5-mΩ to 20-mΩ sense resistor. 9 TS IA Pack thermistor voltage sense (use 103AT-type thermistor), ADC input 10 SDA I/O Serial Data interface for SMBus 11 SCL I Serial Clock interface for SMBus Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Table 2. Pin Descriptions (continued) PIN NUMBER PIN NAME I/O (1) 12 NC I/O Pull up to VREG with 3.3-K resistor DESCRIPTION 13 PWPD I/O Thermal Pad. Connect to VSS externally on PCB. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM FUSE PACK + SCL SDA 3.3 K DOUT 1 VM BAT 510 2 3 11 10 bq28550 4 9 VREG 5 8 0.1 µF VSS 6 0.1 µF SCL 100 SDA 100 100 VREG CELLP TS CELLN SRN 7 SRP 13 PWPD 0.1 µF 0.1 µF COUT 100 NC 12 PACK – D S CHG 100 100 0.1 µF S 10 mW DSG Figure 2. Block Diagram ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS All voltages are referenced to the VSS pin. Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VBAT Regulator input voltage, BAT (Pin 4) VVM (1) VALUE UNIT –0.3 V to 6 V VM terminal voltage (Pin 3) VBAT – 32 to VBAT + 0.3 V VCOUT COUT terminal input voltage (Pin 2) VBAT – 32 to VBAT + 0.3 V VDOUT DOUT terminal input voltage (Pin 1) VSS – 0.3 to VBAT + 0.3 V –0.3 to 6 V V VIOD All other pins (Pins 5, 7, 8, and 9) (1) VSDATA SDA (Pin 10) VSS – 0.3 to VBAT + 0.3 VSCLK SCL (Pin 11) VSS – 0.3 to VBAT + 0.3 V ESD Human body model ±2 kV ESD Machine model ±200 V TA Operating free-air temperature range –40°C to 85 °C Tstg Storage temperature range –65°C to 150 °C Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute–maximum–rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS TA = 25ºC, VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VBAT TEST CONDITIONS BAT pin 4 input MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2.45 3.6 5.5 V Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 3 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (continued) TA = 25ºC, VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER ICC TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP Normal operating mode Gas gauge in NORMAL mode. ILOAD > Sleep Current 141 Low-power (SLEEP) Gas gauge in SLEEP mode. ILOAD < Sleep Current 70 Sleep (FULL SLEEP) Gas gauge in FULLSLEEP mode. ILOAD < Sleep Current 31 Hibernate Gas gauge in HIBERNATE mode. ILOAD < Hibernate Current 16 Shutdown Gas gauge in SHUTDOWN mode 1 MAX UNIT µA ISS Maximum current CREG Regulator output capacitor CBAT VBAT input filter capacitor 0.1 µF RPACKN Resistor from VM to PACKN 510 Ω RPU_ SCL, SDA pull up resistor 3.3 kΩ VPU_ SCL, SDA pull up voltage 2.5 4.2 V VIL_ SDA and SCL Input Reference to VSS, VBAT = 2.5 V voltage low –0.5 0.3 VBAT V VIH_ SDA and SCL Input Reference to Vss, VBAT = 2.5 V voltage high 0.7 VBAT V VHYS Hysteresis 0.05 VBAT V VOL_ SDA output voltage Reference to VSS, VBAT = 2.5 V. IOH = 3 mA (open low drain) CI Capacitance for each I/O pin tPUCD Power Up Communication Delay VAI2 Input voltage range (SRP, SRN) 20 Reference to VSS, VBAT = 2.5 V, fSCL = 400 kHz (fast mode) mA µF 0.1 0 SDA and SCL input capacitance 0.4 V 10 pF 250 VSS – 0.25 ms 0.25 V BATTERY PROTECTION TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT =1.5 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT =3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER 4 TEST CONDITION MIN NOM MAX UNIT 1.2 V VST Minimum operating voltage for 0 V charging VST = VBAT – VM RSHORT Overcurrent release resistance VBAT = 4.0 V, VM = 1 V 30 50 100 kΩ RDS DS pin pull-down resistance VBAT = 4.0 V 6.5 13.0 26.0 kΩ VOL1 COUT Low Level Output voltage (referenced to VM) IOL = 30 µA, VBAT = 4.5 V 0.4 0.5 V VOH1 COUT High Level Output voltage (referenced to VM) IOH = 30 µA, VBAT = 4.0 V VOL2 DOUT Low Level Output voltage (referenced to Vss) IOL = 30 µA, VBAT = 2.0 V Submit Documentation Feedback 3.4 3.7 0.2 V 0.5 V Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com BATTERY PROTECTION (continued) TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT =1.5 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT =3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITION MIN NOM 3.4 3.7 MAX VOH2 DOUT High Level Output voltage (referenced to Vss) IOH = 30 µA, VBAT = 4.0 V VDET1 Overcharge detection TA = 25˚C detection voltage 4.260 4.280 4.300 TA = –10 to 60˚C 4.255 4.280 4.305 TA = –40 to 85˚C 4.230 4.280 4.330 TA = 25˚C 4.070 4.100 4.130 TA = –10 to 60˚C 4.055 4.100 4.145 TA = –40 to 85˚C 4.040 4.100 4.160 VREL1 Overcharge release voltage UNIT V V V tDET1 Overcharge detection delay time VBAT = 3.5 V ≥ 4.5 V 0.60 1.00 1.50 s tREL1 Overcharge release delay time VBAT = 4.5 V ≥ 3.5 V 4.8 8.0 12.0 ms VDET2 Over-discharge detection voltage TA = 25˚C 2.265 2.300 2.335 V TA = –10 to 60˚C 2.242 2.300 2.358 TA = –40 to 85˚C 2.220 2.300 2.380 tDET2 Over-discharge detection delay time VBAT = 3.5 V ≥ 2.00 V 14.4 24.0 36.0 ms tREL2 Over-discharge release delay time VBAT = 3 V V_ = 3 V ≥ 0 V 2.4 4.0 6.0 ms VDET3 Overcurrent VBAT = 4 V detection voltage on discharge 0.130 0.150 0.170 V VDET4 Overcurrent VBAT = 4 V detection voltage on charging –0.137 –0.112 –0.087 V tOCD Overcurrent detection delay time VBAT = 3 V V_ = 0 V ≥ 1V 7.2 12.0 18.0 ms tOCR Overcurrent release delay time VBAT = 3 V V_ = 3 V ≥ 0 V 2.4 4.0 6.0 ms VSHORT Short detection voltage VBAT = 4 V, RPACKN = 510 Ω VBAT – 1.2 VBAT – 0.9 VBAT – 0.6 V tSHORT Short detection delay time VBAT = 3 V V_ = 0V ≥ 3 V 200 400 800 µs VOLTAGE REGULATOR TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT =1.5 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT =3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VREG Output voltage TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2.7 V < VBAT < 5.5 V, IOUT = 16 mA 2.45 2.50 2.55 V 2.45 V < VBAT < 2.7 V, IOUT = 3 mA 2.40 ΔVLINE Line regulation 2.7 V< VBAT < 5.5 V, IOUT = 16 mA 100 200 mV ΔVLOAD Load regulation VREG = 2.45 V, 100 µA < IOUT < 3 mA 30 50 mV VBAT = 2.7 V, 3 mA < IOUT < 16 mA 30 50 VDO ΔVREG/ΔT ΔVLINE VOFF Dropout voltage VBAT = 2.45 V, IOUT = 3 mA 30 50 VBAT = 2.7 V, IOUT = 16 mA 224 290 Output voltage temperature coefficient VBAT = 3.5 V, IOUT = 100 µA 100 Current limit VBAT = 3.5 V, IREG = 2.0 V 16 VBAT = 3.5 V, IREG = 0 V 10 35 60 7.0 8.0 9.0 Regulator off voltage mV ppm/°C 130 mA Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 V 5 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com VOLTAGE REGULATOR (continued) TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT =1.5 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT =3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN Regulator off voltage VBAT = 3.6 V → 5.5 V, Rload = 100 Ω delay time VREG = 2.5 V → 2.3 V, Cload = 0.1 µF, TA = 25°C tVOFF TYP MAX UNIT 50 100 µs POWER-ON RESET TA = –40 to +85ºC; Typical Values at TA = 25ºC (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VIT+ TEST CONDITIONS Positive-going battery voltage input at VREG VHYS MIN TYP MAX UNIT No external loading on VREG 2.125 2.200 2.275 V No external loading on VREG 75 125 175 mV INTERNAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40 to +85ºC; VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER GTEMP TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX –2 Temperature Sensor Voltage Gain UNIT mV/°C HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER f(OSC) Operating frequency f(EIO) Frequency error t(SXO) (1) (2) (3) TEST CONDITIONS Start-up time MIN TYP MAX 2.097 (1) (2) , UNIT MHz TA = 0°C to 60°C –2.0 0.38 2.0 % TA = –20°C to 70°C –3.0 0.38 3.0 % TA = –40°C to 85°C –4.5 0.38 4.5 % 2.5 5 ms (3) The frequency error is measured from 2.097 MHz. The frequency drift is included and measured from the trimmed frequency at VCC = 2.5 V, TA = 25°C. The startup time is defined as the time it takes for the oscillator output frequency to be ±3%. LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER f(LOSC) f(LEIO) Frequency error (1) (2) t(LSXO) (1) (2) (3) TEST CONDITIONS MIN Operating frequency Start-up time , TYP MAX 32.768 UNIT kHz TA = 0°C to 60°C –1.5 0.25 1.5 % TA = –20°C to 70°C –2.5 0.25 2.5 % TA = –40°C to 85°C –4.0 0.25 4.0 % 500 μs (3) The frequency drift is included and measured from the trimmed frequency at VCC = 2.5 V, TA = 25°C. The frequency error is measured from 32.768 kHz. The startup time is defined as the time it takes for the oscillator output frequency to be ±3%. INTEGRATING ADC (COULOMB COUNTER) CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VIN(SR) tCONV(SR) TEST CONDITIONS Input voltage range, VSR = V(SRN) – V(SRP) V(SRN) and V(SRP) Conversion time Single conversion Resolution VOS(SR) 6 MIN TYP –0.125 10 Submit Documentation Feedback UNIT V 15 bits 1 14 Input offset MAX 0.125 s µV Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com INTEGRATING ADC (COULOMB COUNTER) CHARACTERISTICS (continued) TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER INL (1) TEST CONDITIONS MIN Integral nonlinearity error ZIN(SR) Effective input resistance (1) Ilkg(SR) Input leakage current (1) TYP MAX UNIT ±0.007 ±0.034 FSR 2.5 MΩ µA 0.3 Specified by design. Not production tested. ADC (TEMPERATURE AND CELL VOLTAGE) CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VIN(ADC) tCONV(ADC) TEST CONDITIONS TYP Conversion time Resolution VOS(ADC) MIN –0.2 Input voltage range 14 Input offset Effective input resistance (TS) V 125 ms 15 bits Z(ADC2) Effective input resistance (BAT) (1) (1) bq28550 is not measuring cell voltage. mV 8 MΩ 8 MΩ bq28550 is measuring cell voltage. (1) UNIT 1 1 Z(ADC1) Ilkg(ADC) MAX 100 Input leakage current (1) kΩ µA 0.3 Specified by design. Not production tested. DATA FLASH MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER tDR Data retention TEST CONDITIONS (1) Flash programming write-cycles (1) tWORDPROG Word programming time (1) ICCPROG Flash-write supply current (1) (1) MIN TYP MAX UNIT 10 Years 20,000 Cycles 5 2 ms 10 mA Specified by design. Not production tested. SERIAL COMMUNICATION TIMING CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted). Capacitance on serial interface pins SCL and SDA are 10 pF unless otherwise specified (1). PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT tr SCL/SDA rise time 300 ns tf SCL/SDA fall time 300 ns tw(H) SCL pulse width (high) 600 ns tw(L) SCL pulse width (low) 1.3 μs Setup for repeated start 600 ns tsu(STA) (1) TEST CONDITIONS Parameters assured by worst case test program execution in fast mode. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 7 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com SERIAL COMMUNICATION TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (continued) TA = –40 to +85ºC, VBAT = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; Typical values stated, where TA = 25ºC and VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise noted). Capacitance on serial interface pins SCL and SDA are 10 pF unless otherwise specified (1). PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS td(STA) Start to first falling edge of SCL tsu(DAT) th(DAT) MIN TYP MAX UNIT 600 ns Data setup time 1 μs Data hold time 0 ns tsu(STOP) Setup time for stop 600 ns t(BUF) Bus free time between stop and start 1.3 μs f(SCL) Clock frequency 100 tsu (STA) tw(L) tw(H) tf tr kHz t(BUF) SCL SDA td (STA) tr th (DAT) tsu (DAT) tf REPEATED START tsu(STOP) STOP START Figure 3. Timing SERIAL 2-WIRE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The 2-wire communication bus supports a slave-only device in a single- or multi-slave configuration with a singleor multi-master configuration. The device can be part of a shared bus by the unique setting of the 7-bit slave address. The 2-wire communication is bi-directional, consisting of a serial data line (SDA) and a clock line (SCL). In receive mode, the SDA terminal operates as an input; whereas, when the device is returning data to the master, the SDA operates as an open drain output with an external resistive pull-up. The master device controls the initiation of the transaction on the bus line. Data Transfer: Each data bit is transferred during an SCL clock cycle (transition from low-to-high and then high-to-low). The data signal on the SDA (logic level) must be stable during the high period of the SCL clock pulse. A change in the SDA logic when SCL is high is interpreted as a START or STOP control signal. If a transfer is interrupted by a stop condition, the partial byte transmission shall not be latched. Only the prior messages transmitted and acknowledged are latched. Data Format: The data is an 8-bit format with the most significant bit (MSB) first and the least significant bit (LSB) followed by an Acknowledge bit. If the slave cannot receive or transmit any byte of data until it services a priority interrupt, it can pull the SCL line low to force the master device into wait state. The slave, once ready to resume data transfer, can release the SCL line (get out of wait state). Bus Idle: The bus is considered idle or busy when no master device has control of this device. The SDA and SCL lines are high when the bus is idle. The appropriate method to go into the STOP condition is to ensure the bus returns to idle state. 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com START (S) and STOP (P) Conditions: To initiate communications, the master device transitions the SDA line from high-to-low when the SCL is high. Conversely, to STOP the communication, the SDA goes low-to-high when the SCL is high. To continue communication without termination of one transaction and beginning another, a repeated START (Sr) method can be used without a STOP condition being initiated. These are the only conditions (START or STOP) when SDA transitions when SCL is high. Acknowledge Bits: An Acknowledge bit (A) is required after each data transfer byte to ensure correct communications. This occurs when the receiving device pulls the SDA low before the rising edge of the acknowledge-related clock pulse (ninth pulse) and keeps it low until the SCL returns low. There is also a No-Acknowledge bit (N), which occurs when the receiver release the SDA line (high) before the rising edge of acknowledge-related clock pulse, and maintains the SDA line high until SCL returns low. The Acknowledge bit indicates if a successful data transfer has occurred between the master and slave device. Monitoring this bit also indicates an unsuccessful data transfer due to the receiving device being busy or as system fault occurrence. Communication Format A START command immediately followed by a STOP command is an illegal format. MSB S Slave Address R/W A Data A P S = START Command R/W = Read from slave device ("1") or Write to slave device ("0") A = Acknowledge bit P = STOP Command Slave Address = 7-bit address field for register address DATA = 8-bit data field PEC = Packet Error Checking Slave to Master Master to Slave Communication Format for Multi-Word with Packet Error Checking (PEC) Table 3. Write Byte with PEC 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 1 S Slave Address W A Command Code A Data Byte A PEC A P Table 4. Write Word with PEC 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 1 S Slave Address W A Command Code A Data Byte Low A Data Byte High A PEC A P Table 5. Read Byte with PEC 1 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 1 S Slave Address W A Command Code A S Slave Address R A Data Byte A PEC A P Table 6. Read Word with PEC 1 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 1 S Slave Address W A Command Code A S Slave Address R A Data Byte Low A Data Byte High A PEC A P Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 9 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com The communication format and protocol complies with SMBus. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The bq28550 accurately predicts the battery capacity and other operational characteristics of a single Li-Ion based rechargeable cell, while it also provides a state-of-the-art protection function against short circuit, overcurrent, and overvoltage. It can be integrated by a system processor to provide cell information, such as state-of-charge (SOC), Remaining Capacity, and Full Charge Capacity (FCC). NOTE Formatting conventions in this document: Commands: Italics with RemainingCapacity(). parentheses and no breaking spaces; for example, Data Flash: Italics, bold, and breaking spaces; for example, Design Capacity. Register Bits and Flags: Brackets only; for example, [TDA] Data Flash Bits: Italic and bold; for example, [NR] Modes and States: All capitals; for example, SEALED mode. DATA ACQUISITION Cell Voltage The bq28550 samples the single cell voltage from the BAT input terminal. The cell voltage is sampled and updated every 1 s in normal mode. The VSS ground connection of the bq28550 should be connected to the negative terminal of the sense resistor. This will prevent any error in short circuit and overcurrent measurements across the external CHG and DSG FETs. Charge Measurement The device samples the charge into and out of the single cell using a low value sense resistor. The resistor (typically 5 mΩ to 20 mΩ) is connected between SRP and SRN to form a differential input to an integrating ADC (coulomb counter). Charge activity is detected when VSR = VSRP – VSRN is positive, and discharge activity is detected when VSR = VSRP – VSRN is negative. This data is integrated over period of time, using an internal counter and updates Remaining Capacity with charge and discharge amount every 1 s in normal mode. Current Measurement The device has a FIFO buffer, which uses the last four coulomb counter readings to calculate the current. The current is updated every 1 s in normal mode. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND THE TS INPUT The bq28550 measures external temperature via the TS pin in order to supply battery temperature status information to the gas gauging algorithm and charger-control sections of the gauge. Alternatively, the gauge can also measure internal temperature via its on-chip temperature sensor. Refer to the Pack Configuration[TEMPS] control bit. Regardless of which sensor is used for measurement, a system processor can request the current battery temperature by calling the Temperature( ) function (see STANDARD DATA COMMANDS for more information). The temperature information is updated every 1 s in normal mode. The bq28550 external temperature sensing is optimized with the use of a high accuracy negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor with R25 = 10 KΩ ± 1% and B25/85 = 3435 KΩ ± 1% (such as Semitec 103AT for measurement). Additional circuit information for connecting this thermistor to the bq28550 is shown in REFERENCE SCHEMATIC. 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com OVER-TEMPERATURE INDICATION Over-Temperature: Charge If during charging Temperature() reaches the threshold of OT Chg for a period of OT Chg Time and AverageCurrent() > Chg Current Threshold, then the [OC] bit is set based on the charge fault configuration setting of CHG bit in the Control Status Register. When Temperature() falls to OT Chg Recovery, the [OC] bit is reset. If OT Chg Time = 0, the feature is completely disabled. Over-Temperature: Discharge If during discharging Temperature() reaches the threshold of OT Dsg for a period of OT Dsg Time, and AverageCurrent() ≤ –Dsg Current Threshold, then the [DSGOFFREQ] bit is set. When Temperature() falls to OT Dsg Recovery, the [DSGOFFREQ] bit is reset. If OT Dsg Time = 0, the feature is completely disabled. GAS GAUGING Gas gauging information is accessed through a series of commands called Standard Commands. Further capabilities are provided by the additional Extended Commands set. Both sets of commands, indicated by the general format Command(), are used to read and write information contained within the bq28550 control and status registers, as well as their data flash locations. Commands are sent from the system to the gauge using the bq28550’s serial interface and can be executed during application development, pack manufacture, or end-equipment operation. Cell information is stored in the bq28550 non-volatile data flash memory. Many of these data flash locations are accessible during application development. They cannot, generally, be accessed directly during end-equipment operation. Access to these locations is achieved by either use of the bq28550 device’s companion evaluation software, through individual commands, or through a sequence of data-flash-access commands. To access a desired data flash location, the correct data flash subclass and offset must be known. The bq28550 provides 96 bytes of user-programmable data flash memory, partitioned into three, 32-byte blocks: Manufacturer Info Block A, Manufacturer Info Block B, and Manufacturer Info Block C. For specifics on accessing the data flash, see MANUFACTURER INFORMATION BLOCKS. The bq28550 device’s gas gauging prediction uses a Compensated End of Discharge Voltage (CEDV) method. This algorithm mathematically models the cell voltage as a function of the battery state-of-charge (SOC), temperature, and current. The algorithm also models the battery impedance (Z) as a function of SOC and temperature, with other parameters included in the calculation. The battery voltage model is used to calibrate full charge capacity (FCC), and the compensated battery voltage can be used to indicate low battery voltage or alarm function through firmware settings (Low Battery %, Fully Discharged). The bq28550 measures discharge activity by monitoring the voltage across a small-value series sense resistor (5 mΩ to 20 mΩ typ) located between the CELL– and the battery’s PACKN terminal. This information is used to integrate the battery discharge capacity and to estimate state of charge Q. This is then calculated as a percentage of maximum capacity Qmax to indicate remaining state of charge SOC. The maximum capacity parameter is updated on every full discharge cycle. There are other factors to be considered in estimating remaining state of charge (RSOC), such as battery impedance, temperature, and aging due to number of charge/discharge cycles. The equations used to determine the battery capacity factor these variables in to the calculation based on battery chemistry. PROTECTION 3.3.1 Overcharge Detector When charging a battery, if the VBAT voltage becomes greater than the overcharge detection voltage (VDET1 = 4.28 V typ) for a period up to the overcharge detection delay time (tDET1 = 1.00 s typ), the bq28550 detects the overcharge state of the battery, and the COUT pin transitions to a low level. This prohibits charging the battery by turning off the external charge control N-channel MOSFET. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 11 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com In the overcharge state, if a charger is removed and a load is connected, the external charge control MOSFET conducts the load current through its parasitic body diode. If the VBAT voltage becomes lower than the overcharge release voltage (VREL1 = 4.1 V typ) for a period up to the overcharge release delay time (tREL1 = 8 ms typ), the COUT pin transitions to a high level, enabling charge of the battery by turning on the external charge control N-channel MOSFET. 3.3.2 Over-Discharge Detector When discharging a battery, if the VBAT voltage becomes lower than the over-discharge detection voltage (VDET2 = 2.3 V typ) for a period up to the over-discharge detection delay time (tDET2 = 24 ms typ), the bq28550 detects the over-discharge state of the battery, and the DOUT pin transitions to a low level. This prohibits discharging the battery by turning off the external discharge control N-channel MOSFET. In the over-discharge state, if a charger is connected, the external discharge control MOSFET conducts the charge current through its parasitic body diode. If the VBAT voltage becomes greater than the over-discharge detection voltage (VDET2 = 2.3 V typ) for a period up to the overcharge release delay time (tREL2 = 4 ms typ), the DOUT pin transitions to a high level enabling discharge of the battery by turning on the external discharge control N-channel MOSFET. After detecting over-discharge, the device stops all operations and enters standby, which reduces the current consumed by the IC to its lowest mode (standby current). 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Over-Charge Normal Over-Discharge ShutDown Normal Normal BAT VDET1 VREL1 DOUT VDET2 BAT COUT VSS BAT VSS VM PACK - BAT VDET3 VSS PACK - tDET1 Charger Connected tDET2 tREL1 Load Connected tREL2 Charger Connected Discharge Overcurrent Detector and Short-Circuit Detector If the voltage across both protection MOSFETs (VM – VSS) becomes higher than the discharge overcurrent detection voltage (VDET3 = 0.150 V typ) for a period of up to the discharge overcurrent detection delay time (tDET3 = 12 ms typ), the bq28550 detects the discharge overcurrent state of the battery and the DOUT pin transitions to a low level. This prohibits discharging the battery by turning off the external discharge control N-channel MOSFET. Additionally, if the voltage across both protection MOSFETs (VM – VSS) becomes higher than the short-circuit voltage (VSHORT = VBAT – 0.9 V typ) for a period of up to the discharge short-circuit detection delay time (tSHORT = 400 µs typ), the bq28550 detects short-circuit of the battery and the DOUT pin transitions to a low level. This prohibits discharging the battery by turning off the external discharge control N-channel MOSFET. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 13 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com In both the discharge overcurrent and short-circuit states, an internal discharge overcurrent release resistor (20 kΩ typ) is turned on (switched in between VM and VSS), allowing the VM pin to be pulled down to the VSS potential if the load is released. If the VM – VSS voltage becomes lower than the discharge overcurrent detection voltage (VDET3 = 0.150 V typ) for a period up to the discharge overcurrent release delay time (tREL3 = 4 ms typ), the discharge overcurrent release resistor is turned off and the DOUT pin transitions to a high level, enabling discharge of the battery by turning on the external discharge control N-channel MOSFET. Discharge Over Current Normal Discharge Over Current Normal Normal BAT VDET1 VREL1 DOUT VDET2 BAT COUT VSS BAT VSS VM PACK - BAT VSHORT VDET3 VSS tOCD Load Connected 14 tOCR Load Disconnected Submit Documentation Feedback tOCR tSHORT Load Short Circuit Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Charge Overcurrent Detector If the voltage across both protection MOSFETs (VM – VSS) becomes more negative than the charge overcurrent detection voltage (VDET4 = –0.112 V typ) for a period up to the charge overcurrent detection delay time (tDET4 = 12 ms typ) due to an abnormal charging current or abnormal charging voltage, the bq28550 detects the overcurrent charge state of the battery and the COUT pin transitions to a low level. This prohibits charging the battery by turning off the external charge control N-channel MOSFET. The bq28550 releases from the charge overcurrent detection state on by detecting the connection of a load for a period up to the overcharge release delay time (tREL4 = 4 ms typ). Table 7. Hardware Control Due to Fault Detection Fault Condition DOUT COUT Delay (typ) Comment Overcharge Voltage Protection ON OFF 1s Once OVP occurs for longer than the specified duration (1 s typ), the CHG FET is turned OFF and bus communication is NOT valid. The system will support power to the load with current flow through the CHG FET parasitic diode. This can cause the cell to discharge; once the cell voltage reaches the overcharge release voltage for the specified duration (8 ms typ), the CHG FET is turned ON and bus communication is valid. Overcurrent Protection During Charging ON OFF 12 ms If the cell is being charged with excessive current, the threshold will be based on a hardware limit measurement of –112 mV typ across the CHG + DSG FET (VM – Vss) for a duration longer than 12 ms (typ), the CHG FET is turned OFF and bus communication is not valid. This will prevent further charging of the cell. The setting of the CHG bit in the control Status Register is dependent on the OC bit setting in the Charge Fault Register selection. The FET bit in the Control between the charger is removed and cell voltage falls below the threshold for greater than 8 ms (typ). COUT is turned back ON. Once the host MCU takes corrective action OR if the battery charger is removed AND there is a load detected for a period of 4 ms (typ), the CHG FET is turned ON and bus communication is valid. Over Discharging Voltage Protection OFF ON 24 ms If the cell voltage falls to lower than 2.3 V for a duration of 24 ms (typ), the DSG FET is turned OFF, bus communication is not valid. The system requires if charger is connected and cell voltage rises above threshold for greater than 4 ms (typ), DOUT is turned back ON and bus communication is valid. Overcurrent Protection During Discharging OFF ON 12 ms If the cell is being discharged with excessive current, the threshold will be based on a hardware limit measurement of 150 mV typ across the DSG + CHG FET (VM – Vss) for a duration longer than 12 ms (typ) the DSG FET is turned OFF and bus communication is NOT valid. This will prevent further discharging of the cell, and the DSG bit in the control Status Register will be set. If the drop across the DSG + CHG FET is less than the threshold OR there is no load detected for a duration of 4 ms (typ), the DSG FET is turned ON and bus communication is valid. Short-Circuit Protection OFF ON 400 µs Detection of cell short circuit is measured at VM input. Shorted cell detection is VBAT – 0.9 V for greater than 400 µs at VM terminal, and the DSG FET is turned OFF and bus communication is NOT valid. The DSG bit in the control Status Register will be set. The system will turn the DSG FET ON if the voltage at VM is below 150 mV OR no load is detected. Gas Gauge Control of Discharge DOUT Pin Firmware Control of DOUT for Protection The gas gauge firmware can override the hardware-based protection by forcing DOUT low to turn OFF the discharge FET. However, the firmware cannot override the hardware protection to force discharge. There are three conditions that enable firmware to force DOUT low: 1. The HOST_DISCONNECT (DSG FET OFF) subcommand—This feature is useful for the system to disable the discharge FET from the battery pack if it fails to authenticate. 2. Pack removal detection by SDA and SCL pin falling low for more than 2 seconds—The DOUT pin override condition is released upon detection of PACK insertion. 3. Firmware-based under voltage detection—The DOUT pin is forced low if voltage of the cell falls below the Set Voltage threshold. The DOUT override condition is released when the voltage is above Clear Voltage. Any one of the above three conditions will force the DOUT pin low. However, all three corresponding release conditions must be satisfied before the DOUT override is returned to hardware-based protection control. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 15 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Zero Voltage Charging When the cell voltage is 0 V and if the charger voltage is above the minimum operating voltage for 0 V charging (1.2-V max), the COUT output transitions to a high level and charge current can flow. FET Control Protection Figure 4 shows an overview of the FET Control Protection operation. Shutdown CHG: OFF DSG: OFF VREG: OFF Attach a Charge Short-Circuit Protection CHG: ON DSG: OFF VREG: ON Over-Discharge Protection V- >VDD-0.9 V for a period of t > 400 µs V- < 0.15 V or No Load detected Over-Current Protection During Discharging CHG: ON DSG: OFF VREG: ON CHG: OFF DSG: ON VREG: ON CHG: ON DSG: OFF VREG: OFF Vcell > 2.3 V for a period of t > 4.0 ms Vcell < 2.3 V for a period of t > 24 ms V- > 0.15 V for a period of 12 ms Normal CHG: ON DSG: ON VREG: ON V- < 0.15 V or No Load detected for a period of 4.0 ms V- < – 0.112 V for a period of 12 ms Over-Current Protection During Charging No Charger Charger removed and Load detected for a period of 4.0 ms Vcell > 4.28 V for a period of 1.0 s Vcell < 4.10 V for a period of 8.0 ms Over-Charge Voltage Protection CHG: OFF DSG: ON VREG: ON Figure 4. FET Control Protection 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com NOTE When the CHG FET or DSG FET is turned OFF due to fault conditions, bus communication is not valid. The bus communication will only be activated by removal of the fault condition (see Table 7). Regulator Regulator out voltage is fixed at typically 2.5 V with a minimum output capacitance of 0.1 µF (0.47 µF typ). There is an internal current limit designed for 60 mA (typ) when output is shorted to GND. When VDD is over 8.0 V (typ), the regulator is turned off for the safety of the package dissipation. DATA COMMANDS STANDARD DATA COMMANDS The bq28550 uses the following Command Code. Data RAM is updated and read by the gauge only once per second. Standard commands are accessible in NORMAL operation mode. Table 8. Standard Commands Name Command Code Min Value Max Value Default value Units Sealed Access ManufacturerAccess() 0x00 BatteryMode() 0x03 0x0000 0xffff — — R/W 0x0000 0xe383 — — Temperature() 0x08 R/W 0 65535 — 0.1K R Voltage() Current() 0x09 0 65535 — mV R 0x0a –32768 32767 — mA AverageCurrent() R 0x0b –32768 32767 — mA R R MaxError() 0x0c 0 100 — % RelativeStateOfCharge() 0x0d 0 100 — % R RemainingCapacity() 0x0f 0 65535 — mAh or 10 mWh R/W FullChargeCapacity() 0x10 0 65535 7200 mA R ChargingCurrent() 0x14 0 65534 2500 mA R ChargingVoltage() 0x15 0 65534 12600 mV R BatteryStatus() 0x16 0x0000 0xdbff — — R CycleCount() 0x17 0 65535 0 — R/W DesignCapacity() 0x18 0 65535 7200 mAh R/W DesignVoltage() 0x18 0 65535 3600 mV R/W SpecificationInfo() 0x1a 0x0000 0xffff 0x0031 — R/W ManufactureDate() 0x1b — — 0 ASCII R/W SerialNumber() 0x1c 0x0000 0xffff 0x0001 — R/W ManufacturerName 0x20 — — Texas Inst ASCII R/W DeviceName() 0x21 — — bq28550 ASCII R/W DeviceChemistry() 0x22 — — LION ASCII R/W ManufactureData() 0x23 — — — ASCII R/W Authenticate() 0x2f — — — ASCII R CellVoltage1() 0x3f 0 65535 — mV R OperationStatus() 0x54 0x0000 0xffff — 0xf7f7 R ChargingStatus() 0x55 0x0000 0xffff — — R UnSealKey() 0x60 0x00000000 0xffffffff — — R/W Extended SBS Data Commands Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 17 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Table 8. Standard Commands (continued) Name Command Code Min Value Max Value Default value Units Sealed Access FullAccessKey() 0x61 0x00000000 0xffffffff — — R/W AuthenKey0() 0x63 0x00000000 0xffffffff — — R/W AuthenKey1() 0x64 0x00000000 0xffffffff — — R/W AuthenKey2() 0x65 0x00000000 0xffffffff — — R/W AuthenKey3() 0x66 0x00000000 0xffffffff — — R/W ManufacturerInfo() 0x70 — — — ASCII R/W SenseResistor() 0x71 0 65535 — µΩ R/W Temperature() 0x72 0x0000 0xffff — — R ManufacturerStatus() 0xB1 — — R Run Time to Empty Battery pack run time to empty can be calculated using the following method—the host system reads and stores the following information during a discharge period and averages the data over a user-determined period of time: • The DSG bit of the BatteryStatus register is set to ensure DOUT terminal is high (ensure the system is in discharge mode). • AverageCurrent (mA) – Positive value = Charge Current – Negative value = Discharge Current – One minute rolling average of current value (the user can accumulate this time for improved granularity) • RemainingCapacity (mAh) Run Time To Empty = RemainingCapacity (avg mAh) ÷ AverageCurrent (mA). This result will be in hours, and therefore to convert to minutes, divide the results by 60. Charging Time To Full This is a read only function that predicts the remaining time until battery reaches full charge in minutes based on Average Current(). The computation accounts for the taper current time extension from the linear TTF computation based on a fixed Average Current() rate of change of accumulation. A value of 65,535 indicates a battery is NOT being charged. Remaining Capacity Alert To set a notification when battery capacity is below a pre-determined value, the user can set a Remaining Capacity alarm alert in the system side. The Remaining Capacity value determined by the bq28550 is compared to the user-selected value. If the Remaining Capacity value < the user-selected Remaining Capacity threshold, the host system should instruct the user of what action is needed. Remaining Time Alert Similar to the Remaining Capacity notification, a system may require an alarm based on time rather than Remaining Capacity. To set a notification when remaining time to empty is less than the user-set value, the user can set a remaining time to empty alarm alert in the system side. The remaining time to empty value determined by the bq28550 is compared to the user-selected value. If the Remaining Time to Empty value < the user-selected Remaining Time to Empty threshold, the host system should instruct the user of what action to take. DATA FLASH INTERFACE ACCESSING THE DATA FLASH The bq28550 data flash is a non-volatile memory that contains bq28550 initialization, default, cell status, calibration, configuration, and user information. The data flash can be accessed in several different ways, depending on what mode the bq28550 is operating in and what data is being accessed. 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Commonly accessed data flash memory locations, frequently read by a system, are conveniently accessed through specific instructions, as described in DATA COMMANDS. These commands are available when the bq28550 is either in FULL ACCESS, UNSEALED, or SEALED modes. Most data flash locations, however, are only accessible in FULL ACCESS or UNSEALED mode by using the bq28550 evaluation software or by data flash block transfers. These locations should be optimized and/or fixed during the development and manufacture processes. They become part of a golden image file and can then be written to multiple battery packs. Once established, the values generally remain unchanged during end-equipment operation. READ-WRITE ACCESS OF DATA FLASH To read and write commands in data flash, the following method is used: Command Type SBS Command SBS Data Description Write Word 0x00 0x1yy ManufacturerAccess() command to set up the data flash (DF) address in order to write a row (32-byte) of data. Yy = the row number where the target DF address is located. Read/Write Block 0x2F 32-byte of data ManufacturerInput() command. Issue this command after setting up the DF address, to read/write the 32-byte data to the DF. The following is an example procedure to update a parameter in data flash. 1. Identify the physical byte location of the target parameter using the class and subclass ID information. This is typically the subclass ID + Offset. 2. Identify the target row number by truncating the division of the byte location and the row length, e.g. a byte location 27 would be in row: 27 divided by 32 = row number 0. 3. Byte location within the target row is determined by: Byte Index = physical location – (row number * row length) Byte Index = 27 – (0 *32) = 27 The target byte is in row 0 byte 27. 4. Using MAC command 0x1yy, where yy = row number. In this example, the SMBus write command would be 0x100. 5. Read the original target row first through a block read command 0x2F before updating. 6. Store original data in memory array, so the appropriate byte(s) can be updated. SMBus block read cmd = 0x2F, length = 32 byte 7. Store the read data into a memory array (e.g yRowDataArray). 8. Update the target byte (yRowDataArray(27). 9. Write the updated yRowDataArray() array back to the device data flash. This done by repeating Step 4. Issue SMBus block write cmd = 0 × 27, length 32. 10. A read verify is recommended to ensure the data flash has been re-programmed correctly. This is done by repeating Steps 4 and 5 to do a read verify. Flash Updates Data flash can only be updated if Voltage() ≥ Flash Update OK Voltage. Flash programming current can cause an increase in LDO dropout. The value of Flash Update OK Voltage should be selected such that the bq28550 VCC voltage does not fall below its minimum of 2.4 V during Flash write operations. MANUFACTURER INFORMATION BLOCKS The bq28550 contains 96 bytes of user-programmable data flash storage: Manufacturer Info Block A, Manufacturer Info Block B, Manufacturer Info Block C. The method for accessing these memory locations is slightly different, depending on whether the device is in FULL ACCESS, UNSEALED, or SEALED mode. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 19 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com ACCESS MODES The bq28550 provides three security modes (FULL ACCESS, UNSEALED, and SEALED) that control data flash access permissions according to the content in Table 9. Data flash refers to those data flash locations that are accessible to the user, as specified in . Table 9. Data Flash Access Security Mode SBS Commands Data Flash Device Programming FULL ACCESS Standard and Extended Commands R/W R/W Yes UNSEALED Standard and some Extended Commands R/W R/W No SEALED Standard Commands R/W None No CHARGING AND CHARGE TERMINATION INDICATION DETECTION CHARGE TERMINATION For proper bq28550 operation, the cell charging voltage must be specified by the user. The default value for this variable is in the data flash Charging Voltage. The bq28550 detects charge termination when: The battery current drops below the Taper Current for two consecutive Current Taper Window time periods during charging AND battery voltage is equal to or higher than the Charging Voltage – Taper Voltage. Full Charge is set when the taper condition is met. CHARGE SUSPEND The bq28550 suspends charging when: • Temperature < JT1, OR • Temperature > JT4 in charge-suspend mode, if the [CHGSUSP] bit in OperationConfiguration is set. This will set the charging current to zero and the charging voltage to zero in the Safety Status Register. Also, the CHG bit is reset in ControlStatus register. The bq28550 can indicate to resume charging if: • Temperature ≥ JT1 + Temp Hys, AND • Temperature ≤ JT3 – Temp Hys. On resuming, the bq28550 sets the CHG bit in the ControlStatus Register, and sets ChargingCurrent according to the appropriate charging mode entered. The bq28550 also leaves the charge-suspend mode when the battery is removed in removable battery mode ([NR] = 0). MANUFACTURER ACCESS(): 0x00/0x01 Issuing a Control() command requires a subsequent 2-byte subcommand. These additional bytes specify the particular control function desired. The Control() command allows the system to control specific features of the bq28550 during normal operation, and additional features when the device is in access modes (as described in Table 10). Table 10. Control() Subcommands 20 CNTL FUNCTION CNTL DATA SEALED ACCESS DESCRIPTION SET_FULLSLEEP 0x0010 Yes Set the [FullSleep] bit in Control Status register to 1 SET_HIBERNATE 0x0011 Yes Forces CONTROL_STATUS [HIBERNATE] to 1 CLEAR_HIBERNATE 0x0012 Yes Forces CONTROL_STATUS [HIBERNATE] to 0 SET_SHUTDOWN 0x0013 Yes Forces CONTROL_STATUS [SHUTDOWN] to 1 CLEAR_SHUTDOWN 0x0014 Yes Forces CONTROL_STATUS [SHUTDOWN] to 0 HOST_DISCONNECT 0x0017 Yes Forces the DOUT pin low to disable discharge. HOST_Enable 0x0018 Yes Forces the DOUT pin high to enable discharge. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Control Status: 0x0000 Instructs the gas gauge to return status information to Control Status 0x00/0x01. The status word should include the following information. Table 11. CONTROL STATUS Flags Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 High Byte RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD CCA BCA RSVD RSVD Low Byte SHUTRQ HIBERNATE FULLSLEEP SLEEP DSGOFFREQ RSVD CHG DSG Low Byte Bit 0 = DSG FET Status, 1 = Discharging allowed (DSG FET ON), 0 = Discharging NOT allowed ( DSG FET Turned OFF) Bit 1 = CHG FET Status, 1 = Charging allowed (CHG FET ON), 0 = Charging NOT allowed action to be taken by Host MCU Bit 2 = RSVD (Reserved) Bit 3 = DSGOFFREQ, DSG FET OFF requested Bit 4 = SLEEP, Status bit indicating the device is in SLEEP mode. True when set Bit 5 = FULLSLEEP, Status bit indicating the device is in FULLSLEEP mode. True when set. The state can be detected by monitoring the power used by the device because any communication will automatically clear it. Bit 6 = HIBERNATE, Status bit indicating a request for entry into HIBERNATE from SLEEP mode has been issued. True when set. Default is 0. Control bit when set will put the device into the lower power state of SLEEP mode. It is not possible to monitor this bit Bit 7 = SHUTRQ, Status bit indicating the gas gauge is enabled to enter SHUTDOWN mode. True when set. Default is 0. Bit 7 = SHUTRQ, 1 = Shut down requested High Byte Bit 0, 1 = RSVD (Reserved) Bit 2 = BCA = Status bit indicating the device Board Calibration routine is active. Active when set Bit 3 = CCA = Status bit indicating the device Coulomb Counter Calibration routine is active. Active when set Bit 4, 5, 6, 7 = RSVD (Reserved). The following MAC commands are also available. SET_FULLSLEEP: 0X0010 Instructs the gas gauge to set the FULLSLEEP bit in the Control Status register to 1. This allows the gauge to enter the FULLSLEEP power mode after the transition to SLEEP power state is detected. In FULLSLEEP mode, less power is consumed by disabling an oscillator circuit used by the communication engines. A communication to the device in FULLSLEEP forces it back to SLEEP mode. SET_HIBERNATE: 0x0011 Instructs the gas gauge to force the CONTROL_STATUS [HIBERNATE] bit to 1. This allows the gauge to enter the HIBERNATE power mode after the transition to SLEEP power state is detected. The [HIBERNATE] bit is automatically cleared upon exiting from HIBERNATE mode. CLEAR_HIBERNATE: 0x0012 Instructs the gas gauge to force the CONTROL_STATUS [HIBERNATE] bit to 0. This prevents the gauge from entering the HIBERNATE power mode after the transition to SLEEP power state is detected. It can also be used to force the gauge out of HIBERNATE mode. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 21 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com SET_SHUTDOWN: 0x0013 Sets the CONTROL_STATUS [SHUTDOWN] bit to 1, enabling the device to enter SHUTDOWN mode if the appropriate conditions are met. CLEAR_SHUTDOWN: 0X0014 Clears the CONTROL_STATUS [SHUTDOWN] bit to 1, disabling the device from entering SHUTDOWN mode. DSG FET OFF (HOST_DISCONNECT): 0x0017 Instructs the gas gauge to force the protection DOUT pin to low level. This prohibits discharging the battery by turning off the external discharge control N-channel MOSFET. DSG FET ON (HOST_CONNECT): 0x0018 Instructs the gas gauge to force the protection DOUT pin to high level. This allows discharging the battery by turning on the external discharge control N-channel MOSFET. POWER MODES The bq28550 has four power modes: NORMAL, SLEEP, HIBERNATE, and SHUTDOWN. In NORMAL Mode, the bq28550 is fully powered and can execute any allowable task. In SLEEP Mode, the gas gauge exists in a reduced-power state, periodically taking measurements and performing calculations. In HIBERNATE Mode, the gas gauge is in a low power state, but can be awaken by communication or certain I/O activity. The device enters SHUTDOWN Mode if there is a UVP condition detected or power down of the system. The relationship between these modes is shown in Figure 5. Details are described in the sections that follow. POR NORMAL Entry to SHUTDOWN Vcell < UVP and NO Charger Present Fuel gauging and data updated every 1sec Exit From HIBERNATE V CELL < POR Threshold Exit From HIBERNATE Communication Activity OR bq28550clears Control Status [HIBERNATE= 0] Recommend Host also sets Control Status [HIBERNATE] = 0 HIBERNATE Disable all bq28550 . subcircuits except GPIO System HIBERNATION Exit From SHUTDOWN Charger Detected AND Protection FET’s ON EXIT from SLEEP Pack Configuaration[SLEEP] = 0 OR AverageCurrent > Sleep Current OR Current is Detected aboveWAKE I Entry to SLEEP Pack Configuaration[SLEEP] = 1 AND AverageCurrent = Sleep Current Wakeup From HIBERNATE Communication Activity AND Comm address is NOT for bq 28550 SLEEP Fuel gauging and data updated every 20sec SHUTDOWN Entry to SHUTDOWN Vcell < UVP and NO Charger Present Fuel Gauge is OFF, VREG = 0V Exit From WAIT_HIBERNATE Host must set Control Status [Hibernate= 0] AND V CELL > Hibernate Voltage Exit From SLEEP Host has set Control Status [Hibernate= 1] OR VCELL < Hibernate Voltage Entry to WAITFULLSLEEP Full Sllep Wait Time> 0 Exit From WAITFULLSLEEP Any Communication Cmd System SHUTDOWN WAITFULLSLEEP FULLSLEEP Count Down Entry to FULLSLEEP Host must set Control Status [FULLSLEEP= 1] Entry to FULLSLEEP Exit From FULLSLEEP Count< 1 Any Communication Cmd FULLSLEEP Entry to SHUTDOWN Vcell < UVP and NO Charger Present In low power state SLEEP mode. Gas gauging and data updated every20sec System SLEEP Figure 5. Power Mode Diagram 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com NORMAL MODE The gas gauge is in NORMAL Mode when not in any other power mode. During this mode, AverageCurrent(), Voltage(), and Temperature() measurements are taken, and the interface data set is updated. Decisions to change states are also made. This mode is exited by activating a different power mode. Because the gauge consumes the most power in NORMAL Mode, the algorithm minimizes the time the gas gauge remains in this mode. SLEEP MODE SLEEP Mode is entered automatically if the feature is enabled (Operation Configuration [SLEEP]) = 1) and AverageCurrent() is below the programmable level Sleep Current. Once entry into SLEEP Mode has been qualified, but prior to entering it, the bq28550 performs an ADC auto-calibration to minimize offset. While in SLEEP Mode, the gas gauge can suspend serial communications as much as 4 ms by holding the comm line(s) low. This delay is necessary to correctly process host communication, since the gas gauge processor is mostly halted in SLEEP Mode. During SLEEP Mode, the bq28550 periodically takes data measurements and updates its data set. However, a majority of its time is spent in an idle condition. The bq28550 exits SLEEP if any entry condition is broken, specifically when (1) AverageCurrent() rises above Sleep Current, or (2) a current in excess of IWAKE through RSENSE is detected. FULLSLEEP Mode FULLSLEEP Mode is entered automatically if the feature is enabled by setting the Configuration [FULLSLEEP] bit in the Control Status register when the bq28550 is in SLEEP Mode. The gauge exits FULLSLEEP Mode when there is any communication activity. Therefore, the execution of SET_FULLSLEEP sets the [FULLSLEEP] bit, but EVSW might still display the bit clear. FULLSLEEP Mode can be verified by measuring the current consumption of the gauge. In this mode, the high frequency oscillator is turned off. The power consumption is further reduced in this mode compared to the SLEEP Mode. FULLSLEEP Mode can also be entered by setting the Full Sleep Wait Time to be a number larger than 0. FULLSLEEP will be entered when the timer counts down to 0. This feature is disabled when the data flash is set as 0. During FULLSLEEP Mode, the bq28550 periodically takes data measurements and updates its data set. However, a majority of its time is spent in an idle condition. The bq28550 exits SLEEP if any entry condition is broken, specifically when (1) AverageCurrent() rises above Sleep Current, or (2) a current in excess of IWAKE through RSENSE is detected. While in FULLSLEEP Mode, the gas gauge can suspend serial communications as much as 4 ms by holding the comm line(s) low. This delay is necessary to correctly process host communication, since the gas gauge processor is mostly halted in SLEEP Mode. HIBERNATE MODE HIBERNATE Mode should be used when the host system needs to enter a low-power state, and minimal gauge power consumption is required. This mode is ideal when the host is set to its own HIBERNATE, SHUTDOWN, or OFF modes. The gas gauge can enter HIBERNATE due to either low cell voltage or low load current. • HIBERNATE due to the load current—If the gas gauge enters HIBERNATE Mode due to the load current, the [HIBERNATE] bit of the CONTROL_STATUS register must be set. The gauge waits to enter HIBERNATE Mode until it has taken a valid OCV measurement and the magnitude of the average cell current has fallen below Hibernate Current. • HIBERNATE due to the cell voltage—When the cell voltage drops below the Hibernate Voltage and a valid OCV measurement has been taken, the gas gauge enters HIBERNATE Mode. The [HIBERNATE] bit of the CONTROL register has no impact for the gas gauge to enter the HIBERNATE Mode. If the [SHUTDOWN] bit of CONTROL _STATUS is also set. The gauge will remain in HIBERNATE Mode until communication activity appears on the communication lines. Upon exiting HIBERNATE Mode, the [HIBERNATE] bit of CONTROL_STATUS is cleared. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 23 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Because the gas gauge is dormant in HIBERNATE Mode, the battery should not be charged or discharged in this mode, because any changes in battery charge status will not be measured. If necessary, the host equipment can draw a small current (generally infrequent and less than 1 mA, for purposes of low-level monitoring and updating); however, the corresponding charge drawn from the battery will not be logged by the gauge. Once the gauge exits to NORMAL Mode, the algorithm re-establishes the correct battery capacity. If a charger is attached, the host should immediately take the gas gauge out of HIBERNATE Mode before beginning to charge the battery. CAUTION Charging the battery in HIBERNATE Mode results in a notable gauging error that will take several hours to correct. SHUTDOWN MODE The device enters SHUTDOWN Mode if there is a UVP condition detected or power down of the system, and alternatively by setting the SHUTRQ bit to 1, if appropriate conditions are met. The device can also disable SHUTDOWN by using the CLEAR_SHUTDOWN (0x0014) option. Figure 6 shows an overview of the hardware controlled SHUTDOWN operation. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Shutdown CHG: OFF DSG: OFF VREG: OFF No Charger Charger attached Over-Discharge Voltage CHG: ON DSG: OFF VREG OFF Vcell < 2.3 V for a period of t > 24 ms Vcell > 2.3 V for a period of t > 4.0 ms Normal CHG: ON DSG: ON VREG: ON FG shutdown Vcell < 2.3 V for a period of t > 24 ms FG turn on DSG FG turn off DSG DSG “OFF” CHG: ON DSG: OFF VREG: ON Figure 6. Shutdown Operation OPERATIONAL MODES The mode of going from one state to another is as follows, NORMAL → SLEEP → FULLSLEEP; then from FULLSLEEP either HIBERNATE or SHUTDOWN. Mode NORMAL Enter Mode Exit Mode If ALL conditions are satisfied like Average Current, Cell Voltage, and Temperature Go into other modes like SLEEP, FULLSLEEP, HIBERNATE, or SHUTDOWN mode if conditions are satisfied Comment In this mode, power consumption is the highest. Measurements are taken and updated every 1 s. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 25 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 Mode SLEEP www.ti.com Enter Mode Exit Mode Comment SLEEP bit set = 1 in operation register AND AverageCurrent measured is equal to Sleep current value. Change SLEEP bit = 0 OR The data is measured every 20 s to AverageCurrent measurement > Sleep reduce current consumption. current value OR Current detected is above the IWAKE setting. From SLEEP mode if the WAIT_FULLSLEEP wait is programmed, this is the time the system must be in SLEEP mode before it can go to FULLSLEEP mode. The system exits the FULLSLEEP mode if there are any communication commands set on the bus to the device. The wait time to enter FULLSLEEP from SLEEP is 1 s to 240 s with the default at 15 s. HIBERNATION From FULL SLEEP mode, the system will go into HIBERNATE mode if the load current decreases to programmed value OR if the cell voltage falls below programmed value OR the host sets the command in MAC. The system exits this mode is the VCELL > programmed threshold OR load current is > programmed threshold OR communication activity on bus line OR host sets the command in MAC. Enters hibernation if VCELL range is 2.4 V to 3 V with default at 2.55 V. The load current threshold range is 0 to 0.7 A with a default value of 8 mA. SHUTDOWN From SLEEP mode, the system will enter this mode if the VCELL < 2.4 V for a period longer than 24 ms and the charger is not attached. The system can also be put in SHUTDOWN mode through MAC. Exit from this mode if there is bus activity OR the load current detected is > IWAKE OR charger is connected to the system. In this mode, the VREG and DSG FET are turned OFF and the system will only wake up if the charger is attached on the Pack+, Pack– terminals. FULLSLEEP AUTO-CALIBRATION The bq28550 provides an auto-calibration feature that measures the voltage offset error across SRP and SRN from time-to-time as operating conditions change. It subtracts the resulting offset error from the normal sense resistor voltage, VSR, for maximum measurement accuracy. Auto-calibration of the ADC begins on entry to SLEEP mode, except if Temperature() is ≤ 5°C or Temperature() ≥ 45°C. The gas gauge also performs a single offset when (1) the condition of AverageCurrent() ≤ 100 mA and (2) {cell voltage change since last offset calibration ≥ 256 mV} or {temperature change since last offset calibration is greater than 80°C for ≥ 60 s}. Capacity and current measurements continue at the last measured rate during the offset calibration when these measurements cannot be performed. If the battery voltage drops more than 32 mV during the offset calibration, the load current has likely increased considerably and the offset calibration will be aborted. COMMUNICATIONS AUTHENTICATION The bq28550 can act as a SHA-1/HMAC authentication slave by using its internal engine. Refer to the Application Note SLUA359 for SHA-1/HMAC for information. By sending a 160-bit SHA-1 challenge message to the bq28550, it causes the gauge to return a 160-bit digest, based upon the challenge message and a hidden, 128-bit plain-text authentication key. If this digest matches an identical one generated by a host or dedicated authentication master, and when operating on the same challenge message and using the same plain text keys, the authentication process is successful. Key Programming (Data Flash Key) By default, the bq28550 contains a default plain-text authentication key of 0x0123456789ABCDEFFEDCBA9876543210. This default key is intended for development purposes. It should be changed to a secret key and the part immediately sealed before putting a pack into operation. Once written, a new plain-text key cannot be read again from the gas gauge while in SEALED mode. 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Once the bq28550 is FULL ACCESS, the authentication key can be changed from its default value by writing to the Authentication() Extended Data Command locations. A 0x00 is written to BlockDataControl() to enable the authentication data commands. The bq28550 is now prepared to receive the 16-byte plain-text key, which must begin at the command location 0x40 and ending at 0x4f. Once written, the key is accepted when a successful checksum for the key has been written to AuthenticateChecksum(). The gauge can then be SEALED again. Key Programming (The Secure Memory Key) As the name suggests, the bq28550 secure-memory authentication key is stored in the secure memory of the bq28550. If a secure-memory key has been established and Data Flash Key is 0x00000000000000000000000000000000, only this key can be used for authentication challenges (the programmable data flash key is not available). The selected key can only be established/programmed by special arrangements with TI, using TI’s Secure B-to-B Protocol. The secure-memory key can never be changed or read from the bq28550. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 27 TP2 TP1 CELL– CELL– CELL+ TB1 3 R1 0.005 100 C1 R2 100 0.1µF C2 0.1µF R4 3.01M Q1-A SI6928DQ Q1-B SI6928DQ Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): bq28550 R13 C3 1K WAKE 0.1µF S1 C4 0.1µF R5 3.01M 0.1µF R6 510 TP6 VM 1uF 6 VSS 4 BAT 3 VM 5 VREG C6 1 DOUT 2 COUT 1 C5 0.47µF RT1 10K SRP 7 SRN 8 TS 9 SDA 10 SCL 11 HDQ 12 U1 BQ28550DRZ C7 2 R3 TP7 DOUT TP5 COUT VREG 13 PWPD 28 CELL+ TP8 J2 0.1µF C8 2 2 R8 3.3K 1 J3 1 R9 100 R7 3.3K J4 1 R14 3.3K D2 100 R12 100 MM3Z5V6C D1 R11 R10 100 2 4 1 2 3 J1 SDA GND SCL TP4 PACK–/LOAD– PACK+/LOAD+ TB2 TP3 PACK– 1 2 3 PACK+ bq28550 SLUSAJ2 – SEPTEMBER 2011 www.ti.com REFERENCE SCHEMATIC SCHEMATIC Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 20-Feb-2012 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) BQ28550DRZR ACTIVE SON DRZ 12 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR BQ28550DRZT ACTIVE SON DRZ 12 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Samples (Requires Login) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. 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