CY8CKIT-036 PSoC® Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** Cypress Semiconductor 198 Champion Court San Jose, CA 95134-1709 Phone (USA): +1.800.858.1810 Phone (Intnl): +1.408.943.2600 www.cypress.com Copyrights © Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2013. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Cypress product. Nor does it convey or imply any license under patent or other rights. Cypress products are not warranted nor intended to be used for medical, life support, life saving, critical control or safety applications, unless pursuant to an express written agreement with Cypress. Furthermore, Cypress does not authorize its products for use as critical components in life-support systems where a malfunction or failure may reasonably be expected to result in significant injury to the user. The inclusion of Cypress products in life-support systems application implies that the manufacturer assumes all risk of such use and in doing so indemnifies Cypress against all charges. Source Code Any Source Code (software and/or firmware) is owned by Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress) and is protected by and subject to worldwide patent protection (United States and foreign), United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Cypress hereby grants to licensee a personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to copy, use, modify, create derivative works of, and compile the Cypress Source Code and derivative works for the sole purpose of creating custom software and or firmware in support of licensee product to be used only in conjunction with a Cypress integrated circuit as specified in the applicable agreement. Any reproduction, modification, translation, compilation, or representation of this Source Code except as specified above is prohibited without the express written permission of Cypress. Disclaimer CYPRESS MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Cypress reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the materials described herein. Cypress does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein. Cypress does not authorize its products for use as critical components in life-support systems where a malfunction or failure may reasonably be expected to result in significant injury to the user. The inclusion of Cypress’ product in a life-support systems application implies that the manufacturer assumes all risk of such use and in doing so indemnifies Cypress against all charges. Use may be limited by and subject to the applicable Cypress software license agreement. Trademarks PSoC is a registered trademark, and PSoC Components, PSoC Creator, and PSoC Designer are trademarks of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation. All other trademarks or registered trademarks referenced herein are property of the respective corporations. Purchase of I2C components from Cypress or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies conveys a license under the Philips I2C Patent Rights to use these components in an I2C system, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips. As of October 1, 2006, Philips Semiconductors has a new trade name: NXP Semiconductors. Flash Code Protection Cypress products meet the specifications contained in their particular Cypress Datasheets. Cypress believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, regardless of how they are used. There may be methods, unknown to Cypress, that can breach the code protection features. Any of these methods, to our knowledge, would be dishonest and possibly illegal. Neither Cypress nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Cypress is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Cypress are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 2 Contents Safety Information.................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2. Kit Hardware ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3. Kit Contents ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Getting Started ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 Beginner Resources ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2.2 Hardware Requirements ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.3 Software Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.4 Application Notes and Projects ............................................................................................................... 10 Technical Support................................................................................................................................................ 10 Document Conventions ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Kit Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Four-Wire Fans.................................................................................................................................................... 12 Temperature Sensors .......................................................................................................................................... 13 2 2.3.1 I C Temperature Sensor ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 PWM Output Digital Temperature Sensors ............................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 One-Wire Digital Temperature Sensor.................................................................................................... 14 2.3.4 Diode Analog Temperature Sensors....................................................................................................... 14 Communication Interface ..................................................................................................................................... 14 CY8CKIT-036 EBK 2x20 Pin Header .................................................................................................................. 15 CY8CKIT-036 EBK Headers and Jumpers .......................................................................................................... 16 Kit Operation ................................................................................................................................................................ 17 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 ® System Block Diagram and Theory of System Operation .................................................................................... 17 Four-Wire Fan Control ......................................................................................................................................... 17 PWM Output Digital Temperature Sensor ........................................................................................................... 18 Diode Analog Temperature Sensors ................................................................................................................... 19 One-Wire Temperature Sensor ........................................................................................................................... 19 2 I C Temperature Sensor ...................................................................................................................................... 20 PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 3 A. Appendix ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21 A.1. A.2. A.3. 4. Schematics .......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Board Layout ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 Bill of Materials .................................................................................................................................................... 27 Revision History .......................................................................................................................................................... 29 Document Revision History ........................................................................................................................................... 29 ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 4 Safety Information The CY8CKIT-036 PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit is intended for use as a development platform for hardware or software in a laboratory environment. The board is an open system design, which does not include a shielded enclosure. Due to this reason the board may cause interference to other electrical or electronic devices in close proximity. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference. In such cases, the user may be required to take adequate preventive measures. Also, this board should not be used near any medical equipment or RF devices. Attaching additional wiring to this product or modifying the product operation from the factory default may affect its performance and cause interference with other apparatus in the immediate vicinity. If such interference is detected, suitable mitigating measures should be taken. The CY8CKIT-036 contains electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive devices. Electrostatic charges readily accumulate on the human body and any equipment, and can discharge without detection. Permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy discharges. Proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Store unused CY8CKIT-036 boards in the protective shipping package. End-of-Life / Product Recycling This kit has an end-of-life cycle of five years from the date of manufacturing mentioned on the back side of the box. Please contact your nearest recycler for discarding the kit. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 5 General Safety Instructions Electrostatic Discharge Protection Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can damage boards and associated components. Cypress recommends that the user perform procedures only at an ESD workstation. If ESD workstation is not available, use appropriate ESD protection by wearing an antistatic wrist strap attached to the chassis ground (any unpainted metal surface) on the board when handling parts. Handling Boards CY8CKIT-036 boards are sensitive to ESD. Hold the board only by its edges. After removing the board from its box, place it on a grounded, static free surface. Use a conductive foam pad if available. Do not slide board over any surface. Working with the Fans Some fans run at very high rotational speeds (30,000 revolutions per minute, or RPM) and the motors can provide significant torque. The blades on this type of fan are often deeply angled and large enough for a finger to penetrate. This can cause a lot of pain if the finger accidentally comes into contact with the fan blade. Under no circumstances should the user attempt to stop or slow down the fan using a finger or any other object. To test the PSoC ability to detect and react to fan speed changes, airflow can be modulated by forcing air into the fan using an air gun, another fan, or some other appropriate means. The safest way to test the PSoC chip’s ability to detect fan stall events (no rotation) is to disconnect the tachometer feedback by removing either the tachometer wire, or the power to the fan, or by disconnecting the fan altogether. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 6 1. Introduction ® Thank you for your interest in the CY8CKIT-036 PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit (EBK). This kit is intended for creating thermal management solutions using PSoC products. The CY8CKIT-036 supports the following thermal management features: Interfacing with four-wire fans. The kit comes with two fans installed onboard and has a provision for connecting two additional fans. Temperature measurement of analog temperature sensors. The kit includes two general purpose transistors configured as diodes for measuring temperature. Temperature measurement of digital temperature sensors. The digital temperature sensors on the kit include an 2 I C interface sensor, a one-wire sensor, and two pulse-width modulator (PWM) based sensors. This kit guide provides details on the kit contents, hardware, schematics, and BOM. 1.1 Kit Contents The PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit (CY8CKIT-036 EBK) includes: Thermal Management Expansion Board Quick Start Guide Power DC Adaptor 12 V/2 A 1.2 Getting Started This section provides details on the hardware requirements, software requirements, and associated application notes for using CY8CKIT-036 with various PSoC devices. Refer to the kit webpage www.cypress.com/go/CY8CKIT-036 for the latest information on using CY8CKIT-036 with various PSoC devices. The webpage will be updated as new PSoC devices and development kits that work with CY8CKIT-036 are released to the market. 1.2.1 Beginner Resources An overview of various PSoC devices is available at www.cypress.com/psoc/. The webpage includes a comparison of PSoC devices, software IDE information, and associated development kits. In addition, refer to the following application notes to get started with PSoC devices: ® AN79953 – Getting Started with PSoC 4 AN54181 – Getting Started with PSoC 3 AN77759 – Getting Started with PSoC 5LP AN75320 – Getting Started with PSoC 1 ® ® ® ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 7 1.2.2 Hardware Requirements CY8CKIT-036 is designed to connect with the expansion ports of the various PSoC development kits so you can use one EBK to evaluate the entire portfolio of PSoC devices. Table 1-1 lists the hardware requirements for using CY8CKIT-036 with various PSoC devices. Figure 1-1 shows how the CY8CKIT-036 connects to CY8CKIT-030, a PSoC 3 DVK. Table 1-1. CY8CKIT-036 Hardware Requirement PSoC Device Hardware Requirement PSoC 1 CY8CKIT-001 PSoC DVK fitted with a PSoC CY8C28 Family Processor Module PSoC 4 CY8CKIT-042 PSoC 4 Pioneer Kit fitted with a CY8CKIT-019 Pioneer to EBK Shield PSoC 3 CY8CKIT-001 PSoC DVK fitted with a PSoC CY8C38 Family Processor Module Or CY8CKIT-030 PSoC 3 DVK PSoC 5LP CY8CKIT-001 PSoC DVK fitted with a PSoC CY8C58LP Family Processor Module Or CY8CKIT-050 PSoC 5LP DVK ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 8 Figure 1-1. CY8CKIT-036 Connected to Port E of CY8CKIT-030 PSoC 3 DVK 1.2.3 Software Requirements PSoC Creator™ is an integrated design environment (IDE) that allows concurrent hardware and application firmware design of PSoC 3, PSoC 4, and PSoC 5LP systems. PSoC systems are designed using classic, familiar schematic capture technology supported by preverified, production-ready PSoC Components. PSoC Components™ are analog and digital virtual chips, represented by an icon that users can drag and drop into a design and configure to suit a broad array of application requirements. Each component in the rich mixed-signal Cypress Component Catalog is configured with a component customizer and includes a full set of dynamically generated API libraries. After the PSoC system has been configured, firmware can be written, compiled, and debugged within PSoC Creator or exported to top IDEs from IAR, Keil, and Eclipse. Download the latest version of PSoC Creator software from www.cypress.com/psoccreator. PSoC Designer™ is an IDE that allows concurrent hardware and application firmware design of PSoC 1 systems. PSoC Designer has a library of production-ready PSoC Components, which are referred to as user modules. Each user module has a wizard for configuration and a set of dynamically generated APIs associated with the user module. Download the latest version of PSoC Designer software from www.cypress.com/psocdesigner. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 9 1.2.4 Application Notes and Projects Cypress offers many application notes that pertain to CY8CKIT-036. Application notes cover the topics of four-wire fan control and temperature sensing using PSoC devices; they also provide associated projects. The Kit Operation section of this guide lists related application notes. In a thermal management application, the PSoC chip senses the temperature and controls the fan; the measured temperature is used to determine the fan speed based on thermal management algorithms. Table 1-2 lists applications notes that provide the complete thermal management project for the respective PSoC devices. Table 1-2. Application Notes That Contain the Thermal Management Project PSoC Device Application Note PSoC 1 AN78692 – PSoC 1 – Intelligent Fan Controller PSoC 4 AN89346 – PSoC 4 – Intelligent Fan Controller PSoC 3, PSoC 5LP AN66627 – PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP – Intelligent Fan Controller 1.3 Technical Support For assistance, visit Cypress Support or contact customer support at +1(800) 541-4736 Ext. 8 (in the USA), or +1 (408) 943-2600 Ext. 8 (International). 1.4 Document Conventions Table 1-3. Document Conventions for Guides Convention Usage Courier New Displays file locations, user entered text, and source code: C:\ ...cd\icc\ Italics Displays file names and reference documentation: Read about the sourcefile.hex file in the PSoC Creator User Guide. [Bracketed, Bold] Displays keyboard commands in procedures: [Enter] or [Ctrl] [C] File > Open Represents menu paths: File > Open > New Project Bold Displays commands, menu paths, and icon names in procedures: Click the File icon and then click Open. Times New Roman Displays an equation: 2+2=4 Text in gray boxes Describes cautions or unique functionality of the product. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 10 2. Kit Hardware 2.1 Kit Overview Figure 2-1 shows the CY8CKIT-036 EBK. The circuits associated with each sensor are boxed and labeled in the figure. The 2 kit has two onboard four-wire fans, PWM temperature sensors, transistors connected in diode configuration, an I C temperature sensor, and a one-wire temperature sensor. The kit also provides sockets for plugging in additional four-wire 2 fans, an I C/SMBus/PMBus port for connecting to an external host, and a 2x20 pin connector for connecting the EBK to one of the PSoC development kits. Figure 2-1. CY8CKIT-036 EBK ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 11 2.2 Four-Wire Fans The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has two four-wire fans onboard. The fans are from the vendor AVC, and the part number is DB04028B12UP090. These DC brushless axial flow fans can spin at speeds of up to 13,000 rpm via PWM-based speed control. These fans also have a tachometer output to calculate the fan speeds. For specifications, see the manufacturer’s fan datasheet on the kit webpage. The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has a provision for interfacing up to four four-wire fans. Two sets of industry-standard connector slots are available for each fan: One is the four-pin header with a 2.54-mm pitch, and the other is a four-pin header with a 1.25-mm pitch. The four 2.54-mm headers are labeled J7, J8, J10, J11 respectively. The four 1.25-mm headers are labeled J4, J5, J6, J12 respectively. The two fans provided along with the EBK are connected to the J7 and J8 headers by default. They can be connected to any of the 2.54-mm headers, depending on the requirements. You can connect two additional fans to the remaining two connection headers. Table 2-1 shows the pin assignment of the four-pin fan headers (both 2.54 mm and 1.25 mm) and the color coding of the wires used for connecting the two fans on the kit to these headers. Table 2-1. Fan Connector Pinouts Pin Number Name Colors Description 1 GND Black GND 2 POWER Red 12 V DC power 3 TACH Yellow Frequency generator signal 4 PWM Blue PWM control signal The fans require a 12-V power supply and usually take about 0.5 A of input current. The CY8CKIT-036 EBK includes a 12-V DC high-current power supply that is capable of providing the inrush current needed by the fans installed on the kit. Connect the high-current power supply to the power connector (J13), and set the power jumper (J9) on the CY8CKIT-036 EBK board to 12V_EXT (the default setting). Figure 2-2. 12 V Power Supply Selection (Jumper J9) The tachometer signals from the fans have an onboard external pull-up resistor (4.7 K) to VDDIO for interfacing with PSoC. The value of the VDDIO power supply is controlled by jumper J3 (3.3 V or 5 V). The VDDIO selection (see Figure 2-3) should be the same as the VDD operating voltage of the PSoC chip. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 12 Figure 2-3. VDDIO Selection on KIT-036 Using Jumper J3 2.3 Temperature Sensors 2.3.1 I2C Temperature Sensor 2 2 The CY8CKIT-036 EBK demonstrates I C temperature-sensing capability using a two-wire I C-compatible digital 2 temperature sensor, the TMP175. I C digital temperature sensors are common for thermal management and are used in a variety of communication, computer, consumer, environmental, industrial, and instrumentation applications due to the 2 popularity of the I C bus. The sensor is powered by the VDDIO power supply, and the value of the VDDIO power supply is controlled by jumper J3 (3.3 V or 5 V), as shown in Figure 2-3. The VDDIO selection should be the same as the VDD operating voltage of the PSoC chip. For details, refer to the temperature sensor datasheet, which is available on the manufacturer’s website or on the kit webpage. 2.3.2 PWM Output Digital Temperature Sensors The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has two TMP05 PWM-based temperature sensors onboard. The TMP05 is a monolithic temperature sensor that generates a modulated serial digital output (PWM) signal. The duty cycle of this PWM signal is proportional to the ambient temperature measured by the device. The TMP05 sensor has a two-pin interface. The CONV/IN input pin, when pulsed by PSoC, initiates a new temperature measurement. The output (OUT) pin provides a PWM signal; and the logic-high duration, logic-low duration of the PWM signal is used to determine the ambient temperature. The TMP05 sensors support a daisy-chain mode of operation, in which the OUT signal of the first sensor can be connected directly to the CONV/IN input of the subsequent sensor. The OUT signal of the second sensor carries the PWM signals from both sensors. Many sensors can be daisy-chained in this fashion, with the final OUT signal carrying the PWM temperature encoding from all sensors in the daisy chain. Jumper J2 on the CY8CKIT-036 EBK, as shown in Figure 2-4, is used to select between the single PWM temperature sensor (PWM_TMP1) or the daisy-chain mode of operation (PWM_TMP1 followed by PWM_TMP2). This sensor generally is operated either in one-shot mode or in continuous mode. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 13 Figure 2-4. TMP05 Sensors with Daisy-Chain Mode or Single-Sensor Mode Selection Using Jumper J2 The sensor is powered by the VDDIO power supply, and the value of the VDDIO power supply is controlled by jumper J3 (3.3 V or 5 V), as Figure 2-3 shows. The VDDIO selection should be the same as the VDD operating voltage of the PSoC chip. For details, refer to the TMP05 device datasheet, which is available on the manufacturer’s website or on the kit webpage. 2.3.3 One-Wire Digital Temperature Sensor The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has a Maxim DS18S20 one-wire, high-precision digital temperature sensor installed. The DS18S20 digital thermometer provides 9-bit resolution Celsius temperature measurements and has an alarm function with nonvolatile user-programmable upper and lower trigger points. The DS18S20 communicates over a proprietary one-wire bus that by definition requires only one data line (and ground) to communicate with a host microprocessor. It has an operating temperature range of –55° C to +125° C. The sensor is powered by the VDDIO power supply, and the value of the VDDIO power supply is controlled by jumper J3 (3.3 V or 5 V), as Figure 2-3 shows. The VDDIO selection should be the same as the operating voltage of the PSoC chip. For details, refer to the datasheet, which is available on the manufacturer’s website or on the kit webpage. 2.3.4 Diode Analog Temperature Sensors The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has two onboard MMBT3904 transistors for temperature measurement. MMBT3904 is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) designed as a general-purpose amplifier and switch. The useful dynamic range extends to 100 mA as a switch and to 100 MHz as an amplifier. For measuring the temperature, the transistor is connected in the diode configuration by shorting the collector and base terminals of the transistor. The temperature measurement is based on the principle of diode forward voltage drop dependence on temperature. For details on the transistor characteristics, refer to the datasheet, which is available on the manufacturer’s website or on the kit webpage. 2.4 Communication Interface 2 2 The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has an I C/SMBus/PMBus Port J1 that can be used by an external I C/SMBus/PMBus host to 2 communicate with the PSoC chip. PSoC will act as the I C/PMBus/SMBus slave, and the host can send commands to the PSoC device and receive status information about the thermal management zone (fan speed, sensor temperature). ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 14 2.5 CY8CKIT-036 EBK 2x20 Pin Header The 40-pin interface (2x20 pin header) provides a mechanism to connect CY8CKIT-036 EBK to a Cypress development kit platform. Table 2-2 lists the pin assignments of the 2x20 connector. Table 2-2. 2x20 Connector Pin Assignments Description Signal Pin Pin Signal Description Tachometer signal from Fan 4 TACH4 1 2 PWM4 PWM speed control for Fan 4 Tachometer signal from Fan 3 TACH3 3 4 PWM3 PWM speed control for Fan 3 Tachometer signal from Fan 2 TACH2 5 6 PWM2 PWM speed control for Fan 2 Tachometer signal from Fan 1 TACH1 7 8 PWM1 PWM speed control for Fan 1 Analog ground AGND 9 10 NC – – NC 11 12 NC – – NC 13 14 NC – – NC 15 16 NC – – NC 17 18 NC – Analog ground AGND 19 20 NC – Temperature diode current source TD-I 21 22 TD-K Temperature diode cathode Temperature diode anode TD-A 23 24 1-WIRE One-wire temperature sensor I2C temperature sensor output T-SDA 25 26 T-SCL I2C temperature sensor clock PWM temperature sensor output P-OUT 27 28 P-IN PWM temperature sensor input Analog ground AGND 29 30 NC – Reserved RESV 31 32 SM-ALT Alert signal (I2C/SMBus/PMBus) Serial data (I2C/SMBus/PMBus) SM-SDA 33 34 SM-SCL Serial clock (I2C/SMBus/PMBus) 3.3-V power from DVK 3.3 V 35 36 VADJ Unused Digital ground DGND 37 38 5V 5 V-power from DVK Optional 12-V power from DVK 12 V 39 40 DGND Digital ground ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 15 2.6 CY8CKIT-036 EBK Headers and Jumpers The CY8CKIT-036 EBK provides numerous jumpers. Table 2-3 lists the default jumper settings for the board. Table 2-3. CY8CKIT-036 EBK Jumper Settings Headers and Jumpers Description Factory Default Configuration J1 Five-pin header for connecting an external host or management processor via I2C/SMBus/PMBus. Connector fitted J2 Three-pin header to choose between a single-sensor or a dual-sensor (daisy chain) connection for the PWM temperature sensors. Place the jumper in 1-2 position to enable dual-sensor daisy-chain mode. 1-2 position (dual-sensor daisy chain) J3 J3 three-pin header to set logic signal levels for digital temperature sensors. Place in 1-2 position for 5-V interfacing; place in 2-3 position for 3.3-V interfacing. 2-3 position (3.3-V interfacing ) J4 Four-pin header (1.25 mm pitch) to connect Fan 1. Supplies 12-V power, ground, PWM drive, and tachometer feedback. All signals are replicated on J7. Not connected J5 Four-pin header (1.25 mm pitch) to connect Fan 2. Supplies 12-V power, ground, PWM drive, and tachometer feedback. All signals are replicated on J8. Not connected J6 Four-pin header (1.25 mm pitch) to connect Fan 3. Supplies 12-V power, ground, PWM drive, and tachometer feedback. All signals are replicated on J10. Not connected J7 Four-pin header (2.54 mm pitch) to connect Fan 1. Supplies 12-V power, ground, PWM drive, and tachometer feedback. All signals are replicated on J4. Connected to Fan 1 J8 Four-pin header (2.54 mm pitch) to connect Fan 2. Supplies 12-V power, ground, PWM drive, and tachometer feedback. All signals are replicated on J5. Connected to Fan 2 J9 Three-pin header for fan power supply. Place in 1-2 position to source external power from the power jack (J13); place in 2-3 position to source 12-V power from the DVK. 1-2 position (fan power from J13) J10 Four-pin header (2.54 mm pitch) to connect Fan 3. Supplies 12-V power, ground, PWM drive, and tachometer feedback. All signals are replicated on J6. Not connected J11 Four-pin header (2.54 mm pitch) to connect Fan 4. Supplies 12-V power, ground, PWM drive, and tachometer feedback. All signals are replicated on J12. Not connected J12 Four-pin header (1.25 mm pitch) to connect Fan 4. Supplies 12-V power, ground, PWM drive, and tachometer feedback. All signals are replicated on J11. Not connected J13 Power jack. 12-V DC nominal. Connector fitted J14 2×20 pin header for connecting to the PSoC DVK. Connector fitted J15 2×20 pin header that replicates signals on J14 for easy connection to a logic analyzer or oscilloscope. Open ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 16 3. Kit Operation 3.1 System Block Diagram and Theory of System Operation The Appendix contains a schematic of the CY8CKIT-036 EBK, along with circuits associated with the four-wire fans and the different onboard temperature sensors. This section describes the theory of operation for each of those hardware subblocks in the EBK. 3.2 Four-Wire Fan Control A four-wire fan has two wires for power supply (VDD, ground); the other two wires are used for speed control (PWM signal) and speed monitoring (tachometer signal), respectively. Fans come in standard sizes—with 40 mm, 80 mm, and 120 mm being the most common sizes. One of the important specifications when selecting a fan for a cooling application is how 3 3 much air the fan can move. This is specified either as cubic feet per minute (ft /min) or cubic meters per minute (m /min). The size, shape, and pitch of the fan blades all contribute to the fan’s capability to move air. With four-wire fans, speed control is made possible through the use of a PWM control signal. Increasing the duty cycle of the PWM control signal will increase fan speed. Fan manufacturers specify how the PWM duty cycle relates to nominal fan speed. This is provided either through a table of data points or a graph that shows the relationship. Figure 3-1 shows an example of such a chart, with the PWM control duty cycle (as a percentage) displayed on the horizontal axis and the fan speed (in rpm) displayed on the vertical axis. Figure 3-1. Example of a Duty-Cycle-to-Speed Chart Duty Cycle to Speed 10000 rpm 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Duty Cycle (%) ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 17 Designers can enter duty cycle data in the graphical user interface (GUI) of the fan controller component in PSoC Creator; this component automatically configures and optimizes the firmware and hardware inside PSoC to control fans with these parameters. It is important to note that fans don’t always behave in the same way at low duty cycles. Some fans stop rotating as the duty cycle approaches 0 percent, whereas others rotate at a nominal specified minimum rpm. In both cases, the duty-cycle-tospeed relationship can be nonlinear or unspecified. When entering duty-cycle-to-speed data in the fan controller component customizer interface, select two data points from the linear region where the behavior of the fan is well defined. Four-wire DC fans include Hall-effect sensors that sense the rotating magnetic fields generated by the rotor as it spins. The output of the Hall-effect sensor is a pulse train that has a period inversely proportional to the rotational speed of the fan. The number of pulses that are produced per revolution depends on how many poles are used in the electromechanical construction of the fan. For the most common four-pole brushless DC fan, the tachometer output from the Hall-effect sensor will generate two high and low pulses per fan revolution. If the fan stops rotating due to mechanical failure or other fault, the tachometer output signal will remain static at either a logic-low level or a logic-high level. The fan controller component measures the period of the tachometer pulse train for all fans in the system using a custom hardware implementation. The firmware APIs provided convert the measured tachometer periods into revolutions per minute to enable development of fan control algorithms that are firmware based. The same hardware block can generate alerts when it detects that a fan has stopped rotating—a condition referred to as a stall event. For details on implementing four-wire fan control using various PSoC devices, read the following application notes. AN78692 – PSoC 1 – Intelligent Fan Controller AN89346 – PSoC 4 – Intelligent Fan Controller AN66627 – PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP – Intelligent Fan Controller These application notes provide example projects that demonstrate different usage modes of four-wire fan control. In addition, they include a thermal management example project that uses the temperature sensors on the CY8CKIT-036 EBK to control the speed of the fans associated with a thermal zone. 3.3 PWM Output Digital Temperature Sensor There are two PWM output TMP05 temperature sensors on the CY8CKIT-036 EBK. TMP05 is a monolithic temperature sensor that generates a PWM serial digital output. The duty cycle of the PWM output varies in direct proportion to the ambient temperature of the devices. The high period (TH) of the PWM remains static over all temperatures, whereas the low period (TL) varies. It offers a high temperature accuracy of ±1° C (from 0° C to 70° C), with excellent transducer linearity. The ratio of TH/TL provides a method for determining the temperature according to the formula: Temperature (°C) = 421 – (751 × TH/TL) The TMP05 sensor has a two-pin interface. The CONV/IN input, when pulsed by the PSoC chip, initiates a new temperature measurement. The output provides a PWM signal that can be decoded using the formula above to determine the ambient temperature. TMP05 sensors support a daisy-chain mode of operation in which the OUT signal of the first sensor can be directly connected to the CONV/IN input of the subsequent sensor. The OUT of the second sensor carries the PWM signals from both sensors. Many sensors can be daisy-chained in this fashion, with the final OUT signal carrying the PWM temperature encoding from all sensors in the daisy chain. For details on interfacing with a TMP05 temperature sensor using various PSoC devices, read the following application notes: AN78737 – PSoC 1 – Temperature Sensing Solution Using a TMP05/TMP06 Digital Temperature Sensor AN65977 – PSoC 3 and PSoC 5LP: Creating an Interface to a TMP05/TMP06 Digital Temperature Sensor ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 18 3.4 Diode Analog Temperature Sensors The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has two transistors connected in the diode configuration that can be used for temperature measurement. This section briefly describes the principle behind diode temperature measurement. The following equation gives the current , through a forward-biased diode: Equation 1 Where: is the diode-forward voltage drop is the reverse saturation current is a constant (called ideality factor) that has a value between 1 and 2, depending on the material and the physical structure of the diode is the thermal voltage given by the equation: Equation 2 Where: is the Boltzmann’s constant is the absolute temperature in Kelvin is the magnitude of electronic charge By passing two currents I1 and I2 and measuring the respective voltages V1 and V2, the temperature can be calculated using the following equation: Equation 3 For details on interfacing with a diode temperature sensor using various PSoC devices, read the following application notes: AN78920 – PSoC 1 – Temperature Measurement Using a Diode AN60590 – PSoC 3, PSoC 4 and PSoC 5LP – Temperature Measurement with a Diode The code examples in the application note use an external calibration resistor for measuring the current ratio accurately. The calibration resistor is not part of CY8CKIT-036 and needs to be connected externally on the PSoC DVK used. Refer to the respective PSoC application notes for the value of the calibration resistor and for connection details. 3.5 One-Wire Temperature Sensor The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has an onboard Maxim DS18S20 one-wire, high-precision digital temperature sensor. The one-wire interface is a bidirectional, half-duplex, serial signaling protocol designed by Dallas Semiconductor. This compact communication interface for ICs does not require high-speed communication. It uses a single wire for reading and writing, and has no clock signal. One-wire devices have the ability to operate in parasitic mode, in which the connected devices can draw power from the one-wire bus itself. A one-wire interface is relatively slow, with a typical data rate of 16 kbps. It is perfect for slow sensors, such as thermometers, that do not need to be polled frequently. For using PSoC 1 to interface with a one-wire temperature sensor, refer to the application note: AN2163 – Interfacing to One-Wire/Two-Wire Digital Temperature Sensors Using PSoC 1. Currently, there is no support for one-wire temperature sensors in the PSoC Creator IDE for PSoC 3, PSoC 4, or PSoC 5LP devices. Contact Cypress Technical Support if you need one-wire temperature sensor support for these PSoC devices. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 19 3.6 I2C Temperature Sensor 2 The CY8CKIT-036 EBK has an onboard TMP175 I C temperature sensor. The TMP175 is compatible with two-wire and SMBus interfaces and is specified for a temperature range of −40° C to +125° C. The TMP175 features three address pins, allowing up to eight devices to be connected per bus. In the CY8CKIT-036 EBK, the three address pins (A2, A1, A0) are 2 2 tied to ground, and the sensor address is 7’b1001000. The I C master (PSoC) initiates a read transaction on the I C bus to read the two-byte temperature value from the TMP175 sensor. The first byte read contains the integer part of the temperature, and the second byte contains the fractional part of the temperature value. Refer to the TMP175 datasheet for details on the output format, configuration options, and electrical specifications. The thermal management example projects provided as part of the four-wire fan control application notes listed in the Four-Wire Fan Control section have the firmware code to interface with a TMP175 temperature sensor. ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 20 A. Appendix A.1. Schematics Power Supply Power VDD12 VDD12_EXT D1 J13 DC-12V 1 2 3 VDD12_EXT VDD12 SM340A SM340A 12V/3A VDDIO VDD12 J9 1 2 3 VDD12_DVK D2 Default : VDD12 <-> VDD12_EXT R5 1K VDD12_EXT VDD12 VDD12_DVK + JMP-3 TP1 VDDIO D3 SM340A D5 SM340A TP2 DGND VDD5 TP3 AGND R11 DIGITAL GND 0 ANALOG GND VDDIO VDD3P3 TP4 VDD12 C8 C9 C17 22u 10u 0.1u D4 VDD12 Default : VDDIO <-> VDD3P3 VDD5 TP5 VDD5 VDD3P3 TP6 VDD3P3 J3 1 2 3 VDD5 VDDIO VDD3P3 C23 C22 C10 C18 10u 0.1u 10u 0.1u JMP-3 ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 21 Four-Wire Fan Sockets VDDIO VDD12 VDDIO F1_DGND F1_VDD12 F1_TACH F1_PWM R7 J4 1 2 3 4 4.7K TACH1 J7 C20 PWM1 C13 1 2 3 4 VDD12 R8 F1_DGND F1_VDD12 F1_TACH F1_PWM 0.1u J5 1 2 3 4 4.7K TACH2 1.25MM PITCH 1 0.1u VDDIO F3_DGND F3_VDD12 F3_TACH F3_PWM J6 TACH3 1 2 3 4 J10 C12 PWM3 C15 PWM2 F2_DGND F2_VDD12 F2_TACH F2_PWM 1.25MM PITCH 1 2.54MM PITCH 1 R9 4.7K C21 1 2 3 4 0.1u 2.54MM PITCH 1 VDD12 J8 C14 0.1u VDDIO F2_DGND F2_VDD12 F2_TACH F2_PWM 1 2 3 4 VDD12 F4_DGND F4_VDD12 F4_TACH F4_PWM R10 F3_DGND F3_VDD12 F3_TACH F3_PWM 0.1u 4.7K TACH4 J12 1 2 3 4 J11 C16 0.1u 1.25MM PITCH 1 2.54MM PITCH 1 C19 PWM4 1 2 3 4 F4_DGND F4_VDD12 F4_TACH F4_PWM 0.1u 0.1u 1.25MM PITCH 1 2.54MM PITCH 1 I2C/SMBus/PMBus Port VDDIO J1 R6 0 SMBUS_SDA SMBUS_SCL SMBUS_ALERT_n 5 4 3 2 1 SM_SDA SM_SCL SM_ALT SM_GND VDDIO I2C/SMBus Port 2x20 Pin DVK Connector and Test Points ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 22 One-Wire Temperature Sensor VDDIO VDDIO U2 C4 R4 DNI C5 1 0.1u 2 DNI 4.7K 3 ONEWIRE 4 NC1 NC8 NC2 NC7 VDD NC6 DQ GND 8 7 6 5 DS18S20 Temperature Diodes TD-I TD-A Q2 MMBT3094 Q1 MMBT3094 TD-K I2C Temperature Sensor VDDIO C3 DNI VDDIO DNI R1 R2 R3 10K 2.2K 2.2K C2 0.1u U1 I2C-TEMP_SDA 1 I2C-TEMP_SCL 2 3 4 SDA V+ SCL A0 ALERT A1 GND A2 8 7 6 5 TMP175 I2C Address 8'b01001000 ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 23 PWM Temperature Sensors VDDIO C6 DNI VDDIO DNI U3 1 PWM-IN 3 J2 SINGLE PWM_TMP DUAL 3 2 1 JMP-3 Default : PWM_TMP <-> DUAL 2 PWM-OUT OUT VDD 5 C7 CONV/IN FUNC GND 4 0.1u TMP05 U4 1 2 3 OUT VDD 5 C11 CONV/IN FUNC GND 4 0.1u TMP05 ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 24 A.2. Board Layout Top Layer Bottom Layer ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 25 Top Silkscreen ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 26 A.3. Bill of Materials Item Description Designator Qty Value Manufacturer Manufacturer Part# 1 Ceramic capacitor, 0.1uF, +/-10%, 25 V, X5R (0402) C2,C5,C7,C11, C12,C13,C14, C15,C16,C17, C18,C19,C20, C21,C22 15 0.1u Taiyo Yuden TMK105BJ104KV-F 2 22uF, +/-10%, 25 V, X5R (1210) C8 1 22u MURATA GRM32ER61E226KE15L 3 10uF, +/-10%, 25 V, X5R (1206) C9,C10,C23 3 10u MURATA GRM31CR61E106KA12 4 Schottky rectifier 40 V/3 A (SM340A) D1,D2,D3,D5 4 SM340A GW SM340A 5 Light-emitting diode (yellow) D4 1 VDD12 LITEON LTST-C170KSKT 6 ONN header 5POS .100 VERT TIN J1 1 I2C/SMBus Port MOLEX 22-05-3051 7 1X3 .100" center header J2,J3,J9 3 JMP-3 SAMTEC TSW-103-07-G-S 8 Fan socket, 1.25-mm wafer 180° J4,J5,J6,J12 4 1.25MM PITCH 1 CHERNG WEEI CCX-W125-04-DIP 9 Fan socket, 2.54-mm wire-to-board header, DIP 180° type J7,J8,J10,J11 4 2.54MM PITCH 1 CHERNG WEEI CD-W254-(3.4) 10 DC power socket J13 1 DC-12V CHERNG WEEI 32753PA 11 Pin header, 2x20, pitch 2.54 mm, male, right angle J14 1 CON40A NA NA 12 NPN general purpose amplifier Q1,Q2 2 MMBT3094 Fairchild MMBT3094 13 10K ohm, +/-1%, 1/16 W (0402) R1 1 10K YAGEO RC0402FR-0710KL 14 2.2K ohm, +/-1%, 1/16 W (0402)_ R2,R3 2 2.2K YAGEO RC0402FR-072K2L 15 4.7K ohm, +/-1%, 1/16 W (0402) R4,R7,R8,R9, R10 5 4.7K YAGEO RC0402FR-074K7L 16 1K ohm, +/-0.1%, 1/16 W (0402)_ R5 1 1K SAMSUNG RG1005P-102-B-T5 17 0 ohm, jumper, 1/10 W (0603)_ R6,R11 2 0 ohm WALSIN WR06X000 PTL 18 Digital temperature sensor with two-wire interface U1 1 TMP175 Texas Instruments TMP175AID 19 High-precision 1-wire digital thermometer U2 1 DS18S20 MAXIM DS18S20Z 20 ±0.5° C accurate PWM temperature sensor U3,U4 2 TMP05 ADI TMP05AKS-500RL7 21 Bumper clear.370X.19" cylinder MH1,MH2, MH3,MH4 4 screw holes Richco Plastic Co RBS-35 ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 27 Item Description 22 Mini jumper 2.54 pitch open type (13.5) 23 Manufacturer Manufacturer Part# 3 CHERNG WEEI CMJ-135BB M3 35 mm, nickelplated, round head 8 NA NA 24 M3 nickel-plated hexagonal nut 8 NA NA 25 DC brushless axial flow fan, 40 x 40 mm, four-wire, 12 V 2 AVC DB04028B12UP014 ® Designator Qty Value PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 28 4. Revision History Document Revision History Document Title: PSoC® Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide Document Number: 001-89649 Revision Issue Date Origin of Change Description of Change ** 12/2/2013 VVSK Initial version of the kit guide ® PSoC Thermal Management Expansion Board Kit Guide, Doc. No. 001-89649 Rev. ** 29