AK1599V

[AK1599V]
AK1599V
RF Transmitter for Satellite Communication
1.
General Description
AK1599V is a RF transmitter integrating Quadrature Modulator, RF Amplifier, fractional / integer
synthesizer and VCO which support RF output frequency from 1600MHz to 2200MHz. AK1599V
achieves very low power consumption for Satellite Communication.
2.
Feartures
Transmitter
 Integrated Local signal generator
 Integrated Quadrature Modulator
 Maximum output power: -13dBm minimum
 Integrated Gain control amplifier
 Gain range: 12dB typical
Supply Voltage/ Operating Temperature
 Supply Voltage
Analog: 5V
Digital Interface: 5V / 3.3V (when internal 3.3V regulator is used)
 Operating Temperature
-40 to 85 C
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3.
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
General Description ............................................................................................................................ 1
Feartures ............................................................................................................................................. 1
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 2
Block Diagram and Functions ............................................................................................................. 3
4.1. Block Diagram ................................................................................................................................. 3
4.2. Functions ......................................................................................................................................... 3
5. Pin Configurations and Functions ....................................................................................................... 4
5.1. Pin Configurations ........................................................................................................................... 4
5.2. Functions ......................................................................................................................................... 4
6. Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................................................ 7
7. Recommended Operating Conditions................................................................................................. 8
8. Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................................................................... 9
8.1. Analog Specification ........................................................................................................................ 9
8.2. Digital Specification ....................................................................................................................... 12
9. Functional Descriptions ..................................................................................................................... 14
9.1. Operating Mode ............................................................................................................................. 14
9.2. PLL................................................................................................................................................. 14
9.3. Lock Detection ............................................................................................................................... 15
9.4. Frequency Settings ........................................................................................................................ 17
9.5. Fast lock up mode ......................................................................................................................... 18
9.6. VCO ............................................................................................................................................... 18
9.7. Loop Filter ...................................................................................................................................... 19
9.8. Quadrature Modulator ................................................................................................................... 19
9.9. SPI & Register ............................................................................................................................... 19
10.
Register Map ................................................................................................................................. 20
11.
Power up Sequence ...................................................................................................................... 27
12.
Recommended External Circuits................................................................................................... 31
13.
LSI Interface Schematic ................................................................................................................ 35
14.
Package ......................................................................................................................................... 37
14.1.
Outline Dimensions ................................................................................................................ 37
14.2.
Marking................................................................................................................................... 38
15.
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ 39
Integrated Phase Noise in fractional / integer mode ............................................................................ 39
16.
Revision History............................................................................................................................. 40
IMPORTANT NOTICE .......................................................................................................................... 41
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4.
Block Diagram and Functions
4.1. Block Diagram
VDD*:
CPBUFVDD, PVDD, MODVDD, MODVDD, BALVDD, TXVDD, LOVDD,
OAVDD, SVDD, VCOVDD, CPVDD
Fig.1 Block Diagram
4.2. Functions
Table1. Block Functions
Block
Quadrature Modulator
N divider
ΔΣ Modulator
R divider
Phase Frequency Detector (PFD)
Charge Pump
VCO
1.8V Regulator
3.3V Regulator
Function
Up-convert baseband I/Q input signal to RF signal.
Frequency divider which divides the signal of VCO and pass it to
phase frequency detector.
Control the modulus of N divider and realize fractional dividing.
Frequency divider which divides the signal of reference clock
and pass it to phase frequency detector.
Detect a phase difference between the divided VCO signal and
comparison frequency, and then drive the charge pump.
Output the electric charge according to the phase difference
detected by PFD.
The voltage controlled oscillator.
Create 1.8V for internal digital block.
Create 3.3V for digital interface.
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5.
Pin Configurations and Functions
5.1. Pin Configurations
Top View
Fig.2 Pin Configuration
5.2. Functions
Table2. Pin Functions
Pin
Pin Name
No.
1
GND
2
GND
3
CPBUFVDD
4
REFIN
5
VREF1
I/O
Type
G
G
P
AI
AO
Pin Description
Charge Pump Pre-Buffer Power Supply.
Reference Input signal.
Connecting a capacitor and a resistor in series to the ground
plane in order to stabilize internal 1.8V regulator for digital
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Pin
No.
Pin Name
I/O
Type
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
PVDD
IFSEL
TEST1
TEST2
BBQP
BBQN
GND
GND
GND
MODVDD
MODVDD
GND
P
DI
DI
DI
AI
AI
G
G
G
P
P
G
18
RFOUT
AO
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
BALVDD
GND
GND
TXVDD
GND
GND
GND
BBIN
BBIP
GND
LOVDD
P
G
G
P
G
G
G
AI
AI
G
P
30
LOP
AIO
31
LON
AIO
32
OAVDD
P
33
SVDD
P/AO
34
35
36
37
38
39
DATA
CLK
TXON
LD
LE
DATAO
DI
DI
DI
DO
DI
DO
40
PDN
DI
41
VCNT
AI
42
VREF2
AO
Pin Description
block.
Synthesizer Power Supply.
Enable/Disable internal 3.3V regulator for digital interface.
Connect to the ground plane.
Connect to the ground plane.
Baseband Differential Q Signal input.
Baseband Differential Q Signal input.
Quadrature Modulator Power Supply.
Quadrature Modulator Power Supply.
RF signal output. Connecting matching network after a
decoupling capacitor.
Balun Power Supply.
TX IREF Power Supply.
Baseband Differential I Signal input.
Baseband Differential I Signal input.
Local Power Supply.
Local differential Input / Output.
Open this pin if not used.
Local differential Input / Output.
Open this pin if not used.
Local Output Amplifier Power Supply.
External Power Supply / Internal 3.3V regulator for digital
interface (selected by IFSEL pin).
Serial Data Input.
Serial Clock Input.
TX Power Control.
Lock Detection Output Interface.
Load Enable.
Output pin for read back data.
Power Control.
A logic low on this pin power down the device.
Control Input to VCO.
Connecting a capacitor to the ground plane in order to remove
noise of internal 1.8V regulator for digital block.
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Pin
No.
43
44
45
GND
VCOVDD
GND
I/O
Type
G
P
G
46
CPBIAS
AI
47
48
CPOUT
CPVDD
AO
P
Pin Name
Pin Description
VCO Power Supply.
Connecting a resistor to the ground plane in order to create
reference current for Charge Pump.
Charge Pump Output.
Charge Pump Power Supply.
Exposed PAD on Back side of the package should be connected to GND
P : Power Supply
AI : Analog Input
DI : Digital Input
G : Ground
AO : Analog Output
DO : Digital Output
AIO : Analog I/O
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6.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table3. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Symbol
VDD1
Power Supply Voltage
VDD2
VDD3
GND Level
VSS
Maximum BB Input Level
Maximum Lo Input Level
Input Voltage
Input Current
Storage Temperature
Maximum Junction
Temperature
Note1
Note2
Note3
Note4
Note5
Note6
Note7
Note8
Note9
BBPOW
LOPOW
VAIN
VDIN1
IIN
Tstg
Min.
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
Max.
5.5
5.5
5.5
Unit
V
V
V
0
0
V
VSS-0.3
VSS-0.3
-10
-55
10
12
VDD3+0.3
VDD1+0.3
10
150
dBm
dBm
V
V
mA
C
150
C
Tjmax
Remarks
Note1, Note2
Note1, Note3
Note1, Note4
Voltage
Reference
Level, Note5
Note6
Note7
Note1, Note8
Note1, Note9
0V reference for all voltages
Applied to [SVDD] pin.
Applied to [BALVDD], [TXVDD], [MODVDD], [OAVDD] and [LOVDD] pins.
Applied to [CPVDD], [CPBUFVDD], [PVDD] and [VCOVDD] pins.
Applied to [GND] pin.
Applied to [BBIP], [BBIN], [BBQP] and [BBQN] pins.
Applied to [LOP] and [LON] pins.
Applied to [VCNT], [IFSEL] and [REFIN] pins.
Applied to [CLK], [DATA], [LE], [PDN] and [TXON] pins.
Table4. Thermal Resistance
Package Type
48-pin QFN
θJA
26.7
θJC
18.1
Unit
°C/W
θJA: Thermal Resistance between junction and ambience
θJC: Thermal Resistance between junction and surface of package
Exceeding these maximum ratings may result in damage to AK1599V. Normal Operation is not
guarantee at these extremes.
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7.
Recommended Operating Conditions
The specifications are applicable within operating range (supply voltage / operating temperature)
specified below.
Table5. Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Operating
Temperature
Supply Voltage
VDD1
VDD2
VDD3
VDD1 - VDD2
Note1
Note2
-40
4.75
4.75
4.75
-0.1
5
5
5
85
C
5.25
5.25
5.25
0.1
V
V
V
V
Conditions
SVDD (Note1, Note2)
TXVDD, BALVDD, MODVDD, LOVDD, OAVDD
CPVDD, CPBUFVDD, PVDD, VCOVDD
(Note2)
This specification is applicable when SVDD is externally applied. Don’t apply voltage to SVDD
in internal 3.3V Regulator Mode.
VDD1 - VDD2 is the specification when SVDD is externally applied.
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8.
Electrical Characteristics
8.1. Analog Specification
Typical specifications: VDD1 = 5V, VDD2 = 5V, VDD3 = 5V, Baseband frequency 960 kHz
Baseband Continuous Wave (BBCW) Input = 0.5 (Vpp, differential). I/Q Input Bias Level = 0.5V
Operating Temperature = 25C. Resistor connected to CPBIAS pin is 27k.
Min/Max specifications are at “6.1 Recommended Operating Range”. Operating Mode = State5. Unless
otherwise noted.
Table6. Electrical Characteristics
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Power
Consumption
RF Frequency
Range
Internal LO
Frequency
Internal VCO
Frequency
LO Input Level
LOP / LON
Return Loss
1.3
Max.
Unit
1.7
W
1600
2200
MHz
1700
2100
MHz
3400
4200
MHz
-5
+5
dBm
-10
PDN pin = TXON pin = “H”, Ref = 40MHz,
R divider = 1, PFD = 40MHz,
DIV[1:0] bits = LOLV[1:0] bits = “00”,
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”),
MODE[1:0] bits = “00”
dB
dBm
LO = 3.8GHz
LOLV[1:0] bits = ”11”
LOLV[1:0] bits = “10”
LOLV[1:0] bits = “01”
LOLV[1:0] bits = “00”
-6
dBm
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”)
BB CW Input = 0.5(Vpp, differential)
-0.5
dB
0
-2
-5
-11
LO Output Level
Conditions
Transmitter
RF Output Power
-13
RF Output Power
over temperature
Output P1dB
0
4
dBm
OIP3
10
14
dBm
Offset
< 256kHz
-55
dBc
256kHz to
960kHz
-62
dBc
960kHz to
10MHz
-76
dBc
10MHz to
50MHz
-76
dBc
Spurs
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Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”)
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”)
(Baseband Frequency = 5MHz, 6MHz)
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”)
BB CW Input = 0.5(Vpp, differential)
LO ≤ 1.9GHz, Only Integer Mode,
Int ≤ 95, Frac = 0, Mod = 1, (Note1)
Baseband Frequency < 100MHz
Offset frequency is double side from
carrier
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Parameter
Min.
Max.
Unit
Carrier
Suppression
-40
dBc
Sideband Rejection
-40
dBc
2nd Harmonics
-45
dBc
3rd Harmonics
-45
dBc
Output Return Loss
Gain Control
Gain Range
Gain Control
Step
Typ.
-15
dB
12
dB
0.5
dB
10
k
Vpp
MHz
V
Conditions
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”)
BB CW Input = 0.5(Vpp, differential)
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”)
BB CW Input = 0.5(Vpp, differential)
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”)
BB CW Input = 0.5(Vpp, differential)
2nd Harmonics(Pout - P(flo + 2fbb))
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”)
BB CW Input = 0.5(Vpp, differential)
3rd Harmonics(Pout - P(flo + 3fbb))
50 matched by recommended circuit
shown on “11. Typical Evaluation Board
Schematic”
Base Band Inputs
Input impedance
Input Range
1dB down BW
I/Q Input Bias Level
2
100
0.5
Power Down/Up
Response Time
IQ differential
IQ differential, Continuous Wave
Modulator and Amplifier can be ON/OFF
by TXON pin.
In case of Power Up, this is ±1dB settling
time against final value.
In case of Power down, this is the time
before output power becomes under
-60dBm.
3
10
s
0.18
0.23
degree
rms
LO ≤ 1.9GHz, Only Integer Mode,
2.5 kHz to 4 MHz integration bandwidth
Int ≤ 95, Frac = 0, Mod = 1, (Note1)
0.21
0.25
degree
rms
LO ≤ 2.1GHz, Only Integer Mode,
2.5 kHz to 4 MHz integration bandwidth
Int ≤ 105, Frac = 0, Mod = 1, (Note1)
0.7
10
2
300
Vpp
MHz
1.2
40
MHz
PLL
Integrated Phase
Noise
(Integer Mode)
REFIN
Input Sensitivity
Input Frequency
PFD
Phase Detector
Frequency
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Parameter
Min.
Charge Pump
Minimum Charge
Pump Current
Maximum Charge
Pump Current
Icp TRI-STATE
Leak Current
CP Output Range
VCO
Operating
Frequency Range
Typ.
Max.
Unit
300
A
2400
A
1
nA
0.5
VDD3
-0.5
V
3400
4200
MHz
dBc/
Hz
dBc/
Hz
dBc/
Hz
dBc/
Hz
-76
-101
VCO Phase Noise
-122
-143
1.7
2.2
Ta = 25C
VCO
10kHz offset, 3.6GHz
100kHz offset, 3.6GHz
1MHz offset, 3.6GHz
10MHz offset, 3.6GHz
ms
Jump from unlocked state to LO = 1.9GHz
±2.5Hz settling time, (Note1)
ms
Jump from 1.7G to 2.1GHz, 2.1G to
1.7GHz
±2.5Hz settling time, (Note1)
PLL switching time
1.4
Conditions
IDD
IDD1
2
IDD2
260
IDD3
280
mA
324
mA
mA
PDN pin = “L”
PDN pin = TXON pin = “H”, Ref = 40MHz,
R divider = 1, PFD = 40MHz,
DIV[1:0] bits = LOLV[1:0] bits = “00”,
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”),
MODE[1:0] bits = “00”
PDN pin = TXON pin = “H”, Ref = 40MHz,
R divider = 1, PFD = 40MHz,
DIV[1:0] bits = LOLV[1:0] bits = “00”,
Pomax(TXGAIN[6:0] bits = ”1111111”),
MODE[1:0] bits = “01”
Note1 Ref = 40MHz, PFD = 40MHz, R divider = 1
Loop Filter: C1 = 100pF, C2 = 8.2nF, C3 = 100pF, R2 = 1.2k, R3 = 1k, CP1 = 900A
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8.2. Digital Specification
Table7. Digital DC Characteristics
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Vih1
High Level
Vih2
Input Voltage
Vih3
Note4
Vil1
Low Level Input
Vil2
Voltage
Vil3
Note4
Iih1
Vih=VDD1=5.25V
High Level
Input Current
Iih2
Vih=VDD3=5.25V
Vil=0V,
Iil1
VDD1=5.25V
Low Level Input
Current
Vil=0V,
Iil2
VDD3=5.25V
Voh1
Ioh = -500A
High Level
Note4
Output Voltage
Voh2
Ioh = -500A
Low Level
Vol
Iol = 500A
Output Voltage
Note1
Note2
Note3
Note4
Min.
0.8VDD1
0.8VDD3
2.4
Typ.
Max.
-1
-1
0.2VDD1
0.2VDD3
0.6
1
1
Unit
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
A
Remarks
Note1
Note2
Note1
Note1
Note2
Note1
Note1
Note2
-1
1
A
Note1
-1
1
A
Note2
VDD1-0.4
V
Note3
2.8
V
Note3
V
Note3
0.4
Applied to [CLK], [DATA], [LE], [PDN] and [TXON] pins.
Applied to [IFSEL] pin.
Applied to [LD] and [DATAO] pins.
Internal 3.3V Regulator Mode
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2. Serial Interface Timing
<Write-In Timing>
Tcsu
Tle
Tlesu
LE
(Input)
Tch Tcl
CLK
(Input)
Tsu
DATA
(Input)
D19
Thd
D0
D18
A3
A2
A1
A0
Fig.3 Serial Interface Timing (Write-In)
<Read-Back Timing>
Tcsu
Tlesu
Tle
LE
(Input)
Tch
Extra 1 CLK is needed
after D0 bit is read back
Tcl
CLK
(Input)
Tsu
DATA
(Input)
D19
Thd
D18
DATAO
(output)
D0
A3
Set arbitrary address
number to be read back
A2
A1
A0
tDD
Set Address0x06 to read back
D19
D18
D17
D1
D0
Fig.4 Serial Interface Timing (Read-Back)
tpdn
VIH
PDN
VIL
Fig.5 Power Down Pin Timing
Table8. Digital AC Characteristics
Parameter
Clock L level hold time
Clock H level hold time
Clock setup time
Data setup time
Data hold time
LE setup time
LE pulse width
Symbol
Tcl
Tch
Tcsu
Tsu
Thd
Tlesu
Tle
CLK to DATAO output delay time
tDD
PDN pin “L” level hold time
tpdn
Condition
Min.
25
25
10
10
10
10
25
15pF
Load
1
Typ.
Max.
Unit
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
20
ns
Remarks
s
Be sure to input CLK when LE pin = “L” otherwise AK1599V is going to malfunction.
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9.
Functional Descriptions
9.1. Operating Mode
(a) Operating mode controlled by PDN pin, TXON pin and MODE[1:0] bits
Table9. Operating Mode
Pin
Pin
Mode
PDN
TXON
State 0
State 1
State 2
State 3
State 4
State 5
State 6
State 7
State 8
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
X
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Registers
MODE MODE
[1]
[0]
X
X
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
TX
Block
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
Operation of each block
Synthesizer
VCO
LOP,
Block
Block
LON pin
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
ON
Output
ON
OFF
Input
OFF
OFF
Input
ON
ON
OFF
ON
ON
Output
ON
OFF
Input
OFF
OFF
Input
State0: Standby mode. Current Consumption becomes minimum. Register setting is available. (Note)
State1: VCO and Synthesizer operate.
State2: VCO and Synthesizer operate and output its signal from LOP, LON pins.
State3: Only Synthesizer operates. PLL can be operated by using external VCO.
State4: Standby mode. Current Consumption becomes minimum. Register setting is available. (Note)
State5: TX block operates in addition to State1.
State6: TX block operates in addition to State2.
State7: TX block operates in addition to State3.
State8: TX block operates. Input local signal from LOP, LON pins.
(Note)
After powering on AK1599V, the initial registers values are not defined. It is required to write the
data in all addresses.
(b) Digital interface voltage option selected by IFSEL pin
Regarding SVDD which is power supply for digital interface, either external power supply (5V) or internal
3.3V regulator can be selected.
Table10. Function of IFSEL pin
IFSEL
“L” (should be connected to GND)
“H” (should be connected to PVDD)
SVDD
External Power Supply (5V)
Internal 3.3V regulator
9.2. PLL
The Phase Locked Loop consists of a Fractional / Integer Frequency synthesizer. The PLL covers LO
frequency range from 1700MHz to 2100MHz. It also has an integrated voltage controlled oscillator
(VCO) which achieves good phase noise performance.
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9.3. Lock Detection
Lock detection output can be selected by LD bit in Address0x04. When LD bit = “1”, LD pin outputs a
phase comparison result which is from phase detector directly (This is called “analog lock detection”).
When LD bit = “0”, the output is the lock detection signal according to the on-chip logic (This is called
“digital lock detection”).
The digital lock detection can be done as following:
LD pin stays unlocked state (which outputs “L”) when frequency setup is made.
In the digital lock detection, LD pin signal rises to “H” (which means the locked state) after a phase error
smaller than a cycle of [REFIN] clock (T) is detected for N times consecutively. After a phase error larger
than T is detected for N times consecutively when LD pin = “H”, LD pin signal drops to “L” (which means
the unlocked state). The counter value N can be set by LDCNTSEL bit in Address0x04. The N is
different between “unlocked to locked” and “locked to unlocked”.
Table11. Lock Detection Precision
LDCNTSEL bit unlocked to locked
“0”
N = 15
“1”
N = 31
locked to unlocked
N=3
N=7
The lock detection signal is shown below:
Reference clock
Phase Comparison signal
T/2
Divided VCO signal
Phase detector signal
This is ignored because it
cannot be sampled.
Valid
ignore
ignore
d
ignore
Valid
The LD pin outputs HIGH when a
phase error which is smaller than T/2
is detected for N times consecutively.
LD signal
Case of “R = 1” (Note)
Reference clock
Phase Comparison signal
T
Divided VCO signal
Phase Detector signal
This is ignored because it
cannot be sampled.
Valid
This is ignored
because it cannot
be sampled.
LD signal
ignore
Valid
The LD pin outputs HIGH when a
phase error which is smaller than T is
detected for N times consecutively.
Case of “R > 1” (Note)
(Note) R is registers in Address0x03
Fig.6 Digital Lock Detection Operations
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Unlock to Lock
Unlock(LD=LOW)
Flag=0
No
Phase Error < T
Yes
Flag=Flag+1
No
Flag>N
Yes
Lock(LD=HIGH)
Fig.7 Unlock to Lock
Lock to Unlock
Lock(LD=HIGH)
Flag=0
No
Phase Error > T
Yes
Flag=Flag+1
No
Flag>N
Yes
Unlock(LD=LOW)
Fig.8 Lock to Unlock
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[AK1599V]
9.4. Frequency Settings
<Synthesizer settings>
The following formula is used to calculate the frequency setting for the AK1599V.
Setting Frequency = Ref Frequency * (INT + FRAC / MOD)
Ref Frequency : Phase detector frequency
INT
: Setting value of Integral divider (Refer to Address0x01: INT[11:0] bits)
FRAC
: Setting value of numerator (Refer to Address0x02: FRAC[11:0] bits)
MOD
: Setting value of denominator (Refer to Address0x03: MOD[11:0] bits)
Set INT[11:0] bits within a range from 35 to 4091.
Set FRAC[11:0] bits in accordance with following range : 0 ≤ FRAC ≤ (MOD-1).
Set MOD[11:0] bits within a range from 2 to 4095.
○ Calculation example
In order to achieve setting frequency = 3602MHz with Ref Frequency = 40MHz, set following values.
RFOUT Carrier frequency is the half of synthesizer setting frequency.
INT
FRAC
MOD
=
=
=
90
1
20
Synthesizer setting Frequency = 40MHz * (90 + 1 / 20) = 3602MHz
RFOUT carrier frequency = 3602MHz / 2 = 1801MHz
Frequency Settings are done by setting Address0x01, 0x02 and 0x03. The settings of Address0x02 and
0x03 are reflected simultaneously with setting Address0x01. Synthesizer block should be powered on
before Address0x01 is set. Frequency settings, VCO calibration and Fast Lock Counter start its
operation simultaneously with setting Address0x01. In order to set frequency correctly, be sure to set
Address0x01 after setting PDN pin = ”H” and MODE[1:0] bits in Address 0x04 = “00” or “01”.
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[AK1599V]
9.5. Fast lock up mode
The fast lock up mode becomes effective by setting FASTEN bit of address 0x04 = ”1”.
○Fast lock up mode
After setting Address0x01 when FASTEN bit = “1”, Fast Lock Up mode starts after VCO calibration. The
Fast Lock Up mode is enabled only when the time period set by the timer according to the counter value
defined by FAST [3:0] bits in Address0x04. The charge pump current is set to the value specified by CP2
bit. After the specified time period elapses, the Fast Lock Up mode is finished and switched to the
normal operation, and the charge pump current returns to CP1 bit setting.
Fast Lock Up time
specified by the timer
Operation mode
Charge pump current
Normal
Calibration
Fast Lock Up
Normal
CP1
Hi-Z
CP2
CP1
Frequency setting (Setting
Address0x01)
Fig.9 Fast Lock up Mode Timing Chart
○Timer period
FAST[3:0] bits in Address0x04 is used to set the time period for the fast lock mode. The following
formula is used to calculate the time period
Time period = (511 + FAST[3:0] × 512) / PFD frequency
9.6. VCO
<Calibration>
The calibration starts by setting Address0x01 when MODE[1:0] bits in Address 0x04 = “00” or “01” and
PDN pin = ”H”. During the calibration, VCO VTUNE is disconnected from the output of the loop filter and
connected to an internal reference voltage. In addition, the charge pump output is disabled during
calibration.
The internal reference voltage must be stable so that the calibration is done correctly. Therefore, after
setting PDN pin = “H”, it is necessary to wait 500s at least before setting Address0x01.
CALTM[3:0] bits determines the calibration time. The larger CALTM[3:0] bits are set, the higher
calibration precision becomes, but the calibration time becomes long. The value calculated by the
following formula is recommended to achieve enough calibration precision. However, CALTM[3:0] bits
should be set between 1 and 11. 0 and over 12 are prohibited.
CALTM[3:0] ≥ log2 (PFD frequency / 20000)
The calibration time can be estimated as following calculation.
Calibration time = 1 / PFD frequency × {(6 + 2 ^ {CALTM [3:0]}) × 8 + 3}
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[AK1599V]
9.7. Loop Filter
Fig. 10 shows loop filter topology used to evaluate AK1599V.
Phase Detector
Loop Filter
up
R3
CPOUT
C1
down
R2
C3
Timer
C2
VCO
VCNT
Fig.10 Loop Filter
9.8. Quadrature Modulator
AK1599V consists of Quadrature Modulator, RF amplifier, and Programmable attenuator. A polarity of
Quadrature Modulator is as follows. Recommended DC bias Voltage to Baseband I/Q Input is
0.5V±0.025V.
Fig.11 Block diagram of internal Quadrature Modulator
9.9. SPI & Register
AK1599V contains Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) which provides write and read access to internal
registers that are used to configure the device.
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10. Register Map
Register Settings
Name
D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10
VCO VCO DIV
[1]
[0]
[1]
Freq1
CP1 CP1 CP1
[2]
[1]
[0]
Freq2
Freq3
Function1
R
[7]
R
[6]
R
[5]
R
[4]
CAL CAL CAL CAL
TM TM TM TM
[3]
[2]
[1]
[0]
DIV
[0]
INT
[11]
INT
[10]
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Addres
s
INT
[9]
INT
[8]
INT
[7]
INT
[6]
INT
[5]
INT
[4]
INT
[3]
INT
[2]
INT
[1]
INT
[0]
0x01
CP2 CP2 CP2 FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC FRAC
[2]
[1]
[0] [11] [10] [9]
[8]
[7]
[6]
[5]
[4]
[3]
[2]
[1]
[0]
R
[3]
R
[2]
LD
CNT
SEL
Function2
R
[1]
R
[0]
LD MTLD
MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD
[11] [10] [9]
[8]
[7]
[6]
[5]
[4]
[3]
[2]
[1]
[0]
MO
DE
[1]
0x04
TXGA TXGA TXGA TXGA TXGA TXGA TXGA
IN[6] IN[5] IN[4] IN[3] IN[2] IN[1] IN[0]
0x05
REA
DAD
D[5]
INITI
AL1
[5]
INITIAL1
REA
DAD
D[4]
INITI
AL1
[4]
REA
DAD
D[3]
INITI
AL1
[3]
INITIAL2
Note of writing into registers
1. The settings of Address0x02 and 0x03 are reflected to internal circuits simultaneously with setting Address0x01.
2. It is possible to set Address0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07 and 0x0D separately.
3. After powering up AK1599V, the initial registers value is not defined. It is required to write the data in all addresses.
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0x03
MO
LOLV LOLV
DE
[1]
[0]
[0]
FAST FAST FAST FAST FAST CP CP
EN
[3]
[2]
[1]
[0]
HIZ POLA
Read
Back
015006835-E-00
0x02
REA
DAD
D[2]
INITI
AL1
[2]
REA
DAD
D[1]
INITI
AL1
[1]
INITI
AL2
[1]
REA
DAD
D[0]
INITI
AL1
[0]
INITI
AL2
[0]
0x06
0x07
0x0D
[AK1599V]
< Address0x01: Freq1 >
D[16:15]
VCO[1:0]: Set VCO
Write “2” to VCO[1:0] to set VCO.
VCO[1:0] VCO oscillating frequency
0
Prohibited
1
Prohibited
2
3.1GHz to 4.4GHZ
3
3.1GHz to 4.4GHZ
D[14:13]
DIV[1:0]: Local Divider
Write “0” to DIV[1:0] to set Local Divider.
DIV[1:0]
Division Ratio
0
2 divide
1
2 divide
2
Prohibited
3
Prohibited
D[11:0]
INT[11:0]: N divider
Set the number integral part of divide for synthesizer.
The allowed range is from 35 to 4091.
INT[11:0]
0
1
34
35
36
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
Division Ratio
Prohibited
Prohibited
Prohibited
35
36
4089
4090
4091
Prohibited
Prohibited
Prohibited
Prohibited
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< Address0x02: Freq2 >
D[18:16]
CP1[2:0]: Settings of the charge pump current for normal mode
D[14:12]
CP2[2:0]: Settings of the charge pump current for fast lock up mode
It is possible to set two types of charge pump current, CP1 and CP2.
CP1 is the charge pump current setting for the normal mode.
CP2 is the charge pump current setting for the fast lock up mode.
Charge pump current is as follows.
CP1[2:0], CP2[2:0]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Charge pump current [ typ. μA ]
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
R = 27k
R: Resistor value which is connected to CPBIAS pin
D[11:0]
FRAC[11:0]: Fractional Numerator determination
Set the Numerator of Fractional divider.
The allowed range is from 0 to MOD[11:0].
When FRAC is set to 0, ΔΣ modulator is inactivated and synthesizer operates as Integer-N
synthesizer.
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< Address0x03: Freq3 >
D[19:12]
R[7:0]: 8bit Reference divider
Maximum PFD frequency is 40MHz.
R[7:0]
0
1
2
3
4
253
254
255
Division Ratio
Prohibited
1
2
3
4
253
254
255
D[11:0]
MOD[11:0]: Fractional Denominator determination
Set the denominator of Fractional divider.
The allowed range is from 2 to 4095.
MOD[11:0]
0
1
2
3
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
Division Ratio
Prohibited
Prohibited
2
3
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
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< Address0x04: function1 >
D[19:16]
CALTM[3:0]: Set the calibration precision of VCO
CALTM[3:0] bits determines the calibration precision of VCO and time. The larger CALTM[3:0] bits are
set, the higher calibration precision becomes, but the calibration time becomes long as trade-off. The
value calculated by the following formula is recommended to achieve enough calibration precision.
However, CALTM[3:0] bits should be set between 1 and 11. 0 and Over 12 are prohibited.
CALTM[3:0] ≥ log2 (PFD frequency / 20000)
The calibration time can be estimated as following calculation;
Calibration time = 1 / PFD frequency × {(6 + 2 ^ {CALTM[3:0]}) × 8 + 3}
D[14]
LDCNTSEL: Lock Detection Precision
Set the counter value for digital lock detection.
LDCNTSEL
0
1
Function
15 times Count
3 times Count
31 times Count
7 times Count
unlocked to locked
locked to unlocked
unlocked to locked
locked to unlocked
D[13]
LD: Lock detection function
Set the lock detection function. Refer to "8.2.1.Lock Detection" for details.
0: Digital lock detection
1: Analog lock detection
D[12]
MTLD: Local signal mute. Select disable or enable to mute during unlocked state.
0: Disable to mute local signal during unlocked state
1: Enable to mute local signal during unlocked state
Be sure to set MTLD bit = 0 when LD bit = 1, so that Lock detection is Analog mode.
D[11]
FASTEN: Fast lock up mode setting
Set enable / disable fast lock up mode.
0: Disable fast lock up mode
1: Enable fast lock up mode
Refer to "8.2.3. Fast lock up mode" for details.
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D[10:7]
FAST[3:0]: Fast lock timer setting
Set the count number of fast lock timer.
Count Number = 511+ FAST[3:0] × 512
FAST[3:0]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Count Number
511
1023
1535
2047
2559
3071
3583
4095
4607
5119
5631
6143
6655
7167
7679
8191
D[6]
CPHIZ: Charge Pump Hi-Z
Set the charge pump state to Hi-Z.
0: Normal
1: Hi-Z (Prohibited)
Be sure to set CPHIZ bit = “0”.
D[5]
CPPOLA: Charge pump output polarity
Set the charge pump output polarity.
0: Negative (Prohibited)
1: Positive
Be sure to set CPPOLA bit = “1”.
D[3:2]
MODE[1:0]: Local operation mode
Set the operation of Synthesizer, VCO, LOP and LON pins.
MODE[1:0] Local Operating MODE
0
Internal Synthesizer and VCO are activated.
Internal Synthesizer and VCO are activated and the local
1
signal is output from LOP and LON pins.
Internal VCO is inactivated. External VCO can be used with
2
internal synthesizer.
Internal Synthesizer and VCO are inactivated. External local
3
signal can be used.
Synthesizer setting frequency is output from LOP and LON pins when MODE[1:0] bits = “1”.
Refer to “8.2.2 Frequency Settings” for details.
The double carrier frequency of RFOUT should be input from LOP and LON pins when
MODE[1:0] bits = “3”.
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D[1:0]
LOLV[1:0]: Local output Power
When MODE[1:0] bits = “1”, set the power of the local signal output from LOP and LON pins.
LOLV[1:0]
LOP, LON output power [dBm]
0
-11
1
-5
2
-2
3
0
< Address0x05: function2 >
D[6:0]
TXGAIN[6:0]: Switching attenuator gain of TX block.
It is possible to set gain by 0.5dB step.
TXGAIN[6:0]
1111111
1111110
1111101
1111100
:
1101000
1100111
1100110
:
0000000
Attenuation [dB]
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
:
-11.5
-12
Prohibited
:
Prohibited
< Address0x06: Read Back >
D[5:0]
READADD[5:0]: Read Back
Set address of register whose data will be read back and output from DATAO pin.
Regarding the output timing, refer to” 7.3 Digital Specification”.
Set following address and data whenever read back is done.
<Address0x0D: INITIAL2> 00000h
< Address0x07: INITIAL1 >
D[5:0]
INITIAL1[5:0]: This register must be set right after power-up
< Address0x0D: INITIAL2 >
D[1:0]
INITIAL2[1:0]: This register must be set right after power-up
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[AK1599V]
11. Power up Sequence
■ Recommended Power up Sequence
PDN pin resets digital block except registers and powers down analog block. On the other hand, AKM recommends user to set all registers before
powering up analog block because registers don’t have reset. LOP/LON don’t output any undesired signal in the recommended power up sequence.
However, DATAO pin may output undesired signal for a period of 20CLK from CLK starts because initial value of Flip-Flop for ReadBack is undefined.
RFOUT pin doesn’t output undesired signal by setting TXON pin = “L”.
Fig.12
Recommended Power up Sequence (Internal 3.3V Regulator Mode)
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Power up Sequence should be done as follows.
[1] Power up VDD/IFSEL
[2] 10ms after VDD is powered up, set all registers as following order.
(Note1)
<Address0x02:Freq2> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x03:Freq3> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x01:Freq1> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x04:Function1> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x05:Function2> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x07:INITIAL1> 00001h
<Address0x0D:INITIAL2> 00000h
<Address0x0D:INITIAL2> 00003h
<Address0x0D:INITIAL2> 00000h
[3] Power up PDN
[4] 500s after PDN is powered up, set the register as follows. (Note2)
<Address0x01:Freq1> Arbitrary Data
[5] 5ms after Address0x01 is set, power up TXON.
(Note3)
(Note1) 10ms is waiting time for internal regulator to become stable
(Note2) 500s is waiting time for synthesizer analog block to start up and become stable
(Note3) 5ms is waiting time for local frequency to become stable
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■ Power up Sequence of VDD/IFSEL and PDN pin simultaneous launch (Internal 3.3V Regulator Mode)
PDN pin resets digital block except registers and powers down analog block. First of the sequence, be sure to power down analog block by setting
MODE[1:0] in Address0x04 = ”11”. LOP, LON and LD pins may output undesired signal before setting MODE[1:0] = ”11” because initial value of
registers is undefined. DATAO pin may output undesired signal for a period of 20CLK from CLK starts. RFOUT pin doesn’t output undesired signal by
setting TXON pin = “L”.
Fig.13
Power up Sequence of VDD/IFSEL and PDN pin simultaneous launch (Internal 3.3V Regulator Mode)
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Power up Sequence of VDD / IFSEL and PDN pin simultaneous launch should be done as follows.
[1] Power up VDD / IFSEL and PDN
[2] 10ms after VDD is powered up, set all registers as following order.
(Note4)
<Address0x04:Function1> MODE [1:0] = 11b, the other data is arbitrary
<Address0x02:Freq2> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x03:Freq3> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x01:Freq1> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x04:Function1> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x05:Function2> Arbitrary Data
<Address0x07:INITIAL1> 00001h
<Address0x0D:INITIAL2> 00000h
<Address0x0D:INITIAL2> 00003h
<Address0x0D:INITIAL2> 00000h
Wait for 500s after “<Address0x04:Function1> Arbitrary Data” is set
(Note5)
<Address0x01:Freq1> Arbitrary Data
[3] 5ms after Address0x01 is set, power up TXON.
(Note6)
(Note4) 10ms is waiting time for internal regulator to become stable
(Note5) 500s is waiting time for synthesizer analog block to start up and become stable
(Note6) 5ms is waiting time for local frequency to become stable
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[AK1599V]
12. Recommended External Circuits
1) Power supply stabilizing capacitors
Connecting capacitors between VDD and VSS pins to eliminate ripple and noise included in power
supply. For maximum effect, the capacitors should be placed at a shortest distance between the pins.
15 and 16
C1=100pF
MODVDD
C1
C2
C3
19
C2=10nF
C3=10F (Electrolytic cap)
BALVDD
C1
C2
C1
C2
C1
C2
22
TXVDD
29
LOVDD
3
CPBUFVDD
C3
C1
6
PVDD
C1
C2
C1
C2
C1
C2
C1
C2
32
OAVDD
44
VCOVDD
48
CPVDD
LSI
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[AK1599V]
2) SVDD
External Power Supply: IFSEL pin is connected to the ground plane
C1=100pF
33
C2=10nF
SVDD
C1
C3
C2
C3=10F (Electrolytic cap)
LSI
Internal Regulator: IFSEL pin is connected to PVDD
33
C=100nF
SVDD
C
LSI
3) REFIN
4
C
REFIN
C=100pF
LSI
4) VREF1
5
R
R=100Ω
VREF1
C1
C2
C1=100pF
C2=220nF
LSI
5) BBQP, BBQN
C4
10
BBQP
0.5V
R
R=51Ω
C1=100pF
C2=10nF
C1
C2
C3
C3=10F(Electrolytic cap)
C4=33nF
R
11
C4
BBQN
LSI
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[AK1599V]
6) BBIP, BBIN
C4
27
BBIP
R=51Ω
0.5V
R
C1=100pF
C2=10nF
C1
C2
C3
C3=10F(Electrolytic cap)
C4=33nF
R
26
C4
BBIN
LSI
7) RFOUT
C1
18
L2
RFOUT
C2
C3
Example) RFOUT=1.9GHz
C1=100pF
C2=2pF
C3=Open
L2=0Ωshort
LSI
8) LOP, LON
C
30
LOP
L
OAVDD
C=100pF
L=270nH
L
31
C
LON
LSI
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[AK1599V]
9) VREF2
42
C=470nF
VREF2
C
LSI
8) CPBIAS
46
R=27kΩ
CPBIAS
R
LSI
9) CPOUT, VCNT
R3
47
CPOUT
C1
R2
C3
C2
41
VCNT
LSI
Example) Ref=40MHz, PFD=40MHz, Rdiv=1, CP1=900µA
C1=100pF
R2=1.2kΩ
C2=8.2nF
R3=1kΩ
C3=100pF
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[AK1599V]
13. LSI Interface Schematic
No.
40
36
35
34
38
7
Pin name
PDN
TXON
CLK
DATA
LE
IFSEL
I/O
I
I
I
I
I
I
37
39
LD
DATAO
O
O
41
4
VCNT
REFIN
I
I
Function
R0 ()
300
300
300
300
300
300
Digital input pin
R0
Digital output pin
100
300
Analog input pin
R0
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[AK1599V]
No.
46
42
33
5
Pin name
CPBIAS
VREF2
SVDD
VREF1
I/O
IO
IO
IO
IO
47
CPOUT
O
Analog output pin
30
31
LOP
LON
IO
IO
RF open collector output pin
10
11
26
27
BBQP
BBQN
BBIN
BBIP
AI
AI
AI
AI
Analog input pin
18
RFOUT
AO
RF analog output pin
R0 ()
300 Analog I/O pin
300
300
300
015006835-E-00
Function
R0
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[AK1599V]
14. Package
14.1. Outline Dimensions
Exposed PAD on Back side of the package should be connected to GND
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[AK1599V]
14.2. Marking
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Style
Number of pins
A1 pin marking
Product number
Date code
Y
WW
L
: QFN
: 48
:●
: 1599V
: YMML (4 digits)
: Lower one digit of calendar year (2015->5, 2016->6…)
: Week
: LOT identification, given to each product lot (A, B, C…)
-> LOT ID is given in alphabetical order
1599V
YWWL
(d)
(e)
●(c)
Fig.14 Marking
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[AK1599V]
15. Appendix
Integrated Phase Noise in fractional / integer mode
This graph is example data of one sample.
<Synthesizer setting example>
Measured at 25ºC, VDD2 = VDD3 = 5V
Reference input frequency = 40MHz, 0dBm, R divider = 1, PFD frequency = 40MHz, int = 85 to 105,
frac = 0 to 19, mod = 20
Loop Filter: C1 = 100pF, C2 = 8.2nF, C3 = 100pF, R2 = 1.2k, R3 = 1k
CP1 = 600µA in fractional mode and CP1 = 900µA in integer mode.
Fig. 15 Integrated Phase Noise in fractional / integer mode vs. LO frequency
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[AK1599V]
16. Revision History
Date (Y/M/D) Revision
2015/5/13
00
Reason
Page
Contents
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[AK1599V]
IMPORTANT NOTICE
0. Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation (“AKM”) reserves the right to make changes to the
information contained in this document without notice. When you consider any use or
application of AKM product stipulated in this document (“Product”), please make inquiries the
sales office of AKM or authorized distributors as to current status of the Products.
1. All information included in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation and
application examples of AKM Products. AKM neither makes warranties or representations with
respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this document nor
grants any license to any intellectual property rights or any other rights of AKM or any third
party with respect to the information in this document. You are fully responsible for use of such
information contained in this document in your product design or applications. AKM ASSUMES
NO LIABILITY FOR ANY LOSSES INCURRED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES ARISING FROM
THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION IN YOUR PRODUCT DESIGN OR APPLICATIONS.
2. The Product is neither intended nor warranted for use in equipment or systems that require
extraordinarily high levels of quality and/or reliability and/or a malfunction or failure of which
may cause loss of human life, bodily injury, serious property damage or serious public impact,
including but not limited to, equipment used in nuclear facilities, equipment used in the
aerospace industry, medical equipment, equipment used for automobiles, trains, ships and
other transportation, traffic signaling equipment, equipment used to control combustions or
explosions, safety devices, elevators and escalators, devices related to electric power, and
equipment used in finance-related fields. Do not use Product for the above use unless
specifically agreed by AKM in writing.
3. Though AKM works continually to improve the Product’s quality and reliability, you are
responsible for complying with safety standards and for providing adequate designs and
safeguards for your hardware, software and systems which minimize risk and avoid situations
in which a malfunction or failure of the Product could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or
damage to property, including data loss or corruption.
4. Do not use or otherwise make available the Product or related technology or any information
contained in this document for any military purposes, including without limitation, for the design,
development, use, stockpiling or manufacturing of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons or
missile technology products (mass destruction weapons). When exporting the Products or
related technology or any information contained in this document, you should comply with the
applicable export control laws and regulations and follow the procedures required by such laws
and regulations. The Products and related technology may not be used for or incorporated into
any products or systems whose manufacture, use, or sale is prohibited under any applicable
domestic or foreign laws or regulations.
5. Please contact AKM sales representative for details as to environmental matters such as the
RoHS compatibility of the Product. Please use the Product in compliance with all applicable
laws and regulations that regulate the inclusion or use of controlled substances, including
without limitation, the EU RoHS Directive. AKM assumes no liability for damages or losses
occurring as a result of noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations.
6. Resale of the Product with provisions different from the statement and/or technical features set
forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by AKM for the Product and
shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any liability of AKM.
7. This document may not be reproduced or duplicated, in any form, in whole or in part, without
prior written consent of AKM.
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