TDA7255V ASK/FSK 434 MHz Wireless Transceiver Data Sheet Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 Wireless Sense & Control Edition 2010-11-10 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2010 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. TDA7255V Revision History Page or Item Subjects (major changes since previous revision) Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 Just minor changes Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, BlueMoon™, COMNEON™, C166™, CROSSAVE™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, DAVE™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPACK™, EconoPIM™, EiceDRIVER™, EUPEC™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, ISOFACE™, I²RF™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OmniTune™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, PROFET™, PRO-SIL™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SMARTi™, SmartLEWIS™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TriCore™, TRENCHSTOP™, X-GOLD™, XMM™, X-PMU™, XPOSYS™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. Mifare™ of NXP. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Sattelite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2010-06-09 Data Sheet 3 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Package Outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 2.4.7 2.4.8 2.4.9 2.4.10 2.4.11 2.4.12 2.4.13 2.4.14 2.4.15 2.4.15.1 2.4.15.2 2.4.15.3 2.4.15.4 2.4.15.5 2.4.16 2.4.16.1 2.4.17 2.4.18 2.4.19 2.4.20 2.4.21 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Pin Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Pin Definitions and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Functional Block Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Power Amplifier (PA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Downconverter 1st Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Downconverter 2nd I/Q Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 PLL Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 I/Q Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 I/Q Limiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 FSK Demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Data Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Data Slicer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Peak Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Crystal Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Bandgap Reference Circuitry and Powerdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Timing and Data Control Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Bus Interface and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 I2C Bus Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Bus Data Format in I2C Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3-Wire Bus Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Bus Data Format 3-Wire Bus Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Registers Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Wakeup Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Data Valid Detection, Data Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Sequence Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Clock Divider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 RSSI and Supply Voltage Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.1.1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LNA and PA Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RX/TX-Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch in RX-Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch in TX-Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crystal Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synthesizer Frequency Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Possible Crystal Oscillator Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Sheet 4 6 6 6 7 7 7 56 56 56 57 60 61 67 70 70 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Table of Contents 3.2.2 3.2.2.1 3.2.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.8 3.9 3.10 Transmit/Receive ASK/FSK Frequency Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FSK-Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASK-Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parasitics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculation of the External Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FSK-Switch Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fine-tuning and FSK Modulation Relevant Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chip and System Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IQ-Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limiter and RSSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Slicer - Slicing Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RC Integrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peak Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peak Detector - Analog Output Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peak Detector – Power Down Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Valid Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frequency Window for Data Rate Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RSSI Threshold Voltage - RF Input Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculation of ON_TIME and OFF_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example for Self Polling Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Default Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.2 4.3 4.4 Reference Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Electrical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Operating Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 AC/DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Digital Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Test Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Test Board Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Data Sheet 5 70 70 72 73 74 75 75 76 77 79 80 82 82 84 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 94 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Product Description 1 Product Description 1.1 Overview The TDA7255V is an ASK/FSK single-channel transceiver for 433 - 435 MHz frequency band in a tiny VQFN-40 package. Due to the very high level of integration the device requires only a few external components. The extreme low current consumption in receive, transmit and especially in power down mode and the wide supply voltage range make TDA7255V the ideal choice for small, battery driven applications. The device contains a low noise amplifier (LNA), a double balanced mixer, a fully integrated VCO, a PLL synthesizer, a crystal oscillator with FSK modulator, a limiter with RSSI generator, a FSK demodulator, a data filter, a data comparator (slicer), a positive and a negative data peak detector, a highly efficient power amplifier and a complex digital timing and control unit with I2C/3-wire microcontroller interface. Additionally there is a power down feature to save battery power. The transmit section uses direct ASK modulation by switching the power amplifier, and crystal oscillator detuning for FSK modulation. The necessary detuning load capacitors are external. The capacitors for fine tuning are integrated. The receive section is using a novel single-conversion/direct-conversion scheme that is combining the advantages of both receive topologies. The IF is contained on the chip, no RF channel filters are necessary as the channel filter is also on the chip. The self-polling logic can be used to let the device operate autonomously as a master for a decoding microcontroller. 1.2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Features FSK and ASK modulation and demodulation capability without external circuitry changes, FM demodulation capability Frequency range: 433 to 435 MHz Sensitivity FSK typically -115 dBm at 4 kbit/s data rate Sensitivity ASK typically -112 dBm at 4 kbit/s data rate Transmit power up to +13 dBm Low supply current (Is = 9 mA typ. in receive mode, Is = 13,5 mA typ. in transmit mode (both at 3 V supply voltage, 25°C) Very low supply current in power down mode (5 nA typ.) Supply voltage range: 2.1 V to 5.5 V Data rates up to 100 kbit/s Manchester encoded Fully integrated PLL synthesizer including VCO and loop filter on-chip with on-chip crystal oscillator tuning Differential receive signal path completely on-chip, therefore no external filters are necessary On-chip low pass channel select and data filter with tuneable bandwidth Data slicer with self-adjusting threshold and 2 peak detectors Self-polling logic with adjustable duty cycle and ultrafast data rate detection and timer mode providing periodical interrupt Adjustable LNA gain Digital RSSI and battery voltage readout Clock Out Pin for external microcontroller I2C/3-wire microcontroller interface, working at max. 400 kbit/s Operating temperature range -40°C to +85°C 5.5 x 6.5 mm small VQFN-40 package Data Sheet 6 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Product Description 1.3 Application The TDA7255V is targeted specifically at highly size-sensitive industrial and consumer applications such as small home automation or security and alarm systems. Main applications: • • • • • • • Bi-directional remote control systems Home automation systems Lighting control Security and alarm systems Industrial control Remote keyless entry systems Low bit-rate communication systems 1.4 Ordering Information Type Ordering Code Package TDA7255V SP000698114 PG-VQFN-40-8 1.5 Package Outlines Figure 1 Package PG-VQFN-40-8 Figure 2 PG-VQFN-40-8 Package Outlines Data Sheet 7 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V 32 31 Figure 3 Data Sheet 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 EN RESET CLKDIV PWDDD DATA GNDRF3 RSSI CQ2x Pin Configuration CQ2 2.1 CI2x Functional Description CI2 2 GND Functional Description 22 21 CQ1x 33 20 XGND CQ1 34 19 XSWA CI1x 35 18 XIN CI1 36 17 XSWF VCC 37 16 XOUT BUSMODE 38 15 VSS LF 39 14 BUSCLK GNDRF1 40 13 GNDRF2 4 5 6 7 8 9 RXTX LIN LINX GND-PA PA VCC1 PDN PDP 10 11 12 BUSDTA 3 VDD 2 SLC 1 ASKFSK TDA7255V Pin Configuration TDA7255V 8 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.2 Pin Definitions and Functions Table 1 Pin Definition and Function Ball Name No. 1 Pin Buffer Type Type Function ASKFSK ASK/FSK-Mode Switch Input High = ASK Low = FSK 350 1 2 RXTX RX/TX-Mode Switch Input/Output High = RX Low = TX 350 2 TX 3 LNI RF Input to Differential Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) 5k 3 1.1V 5k 180 180 PWDN 4 LNIX 5 GND-PA 4 PWDN See Pin 3 Complementary RF Input to Differential LNA 28 26 and also 13, 40 Ground Return for Power Amplifier (PA) Driver Stage 15 5 Data Sheet 9 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Table 1 Ball Name No. 6 Pin Definition and Function (cont’d) Pin Buffer Type Type Function PA PA Output Stage 10 Ω 6 5 GND-PA 7 VCC1 Supply for LNA and PA 37 7 11 8 PDN 50k PWDN 350 50k Output of the Negative Peak Detector 3k 8 9 PDP 50k 350 50k Output of the Positive Peak Detector 3k 9 PWDN Data Sheet 10 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Table 1 Pin Definition and Function (cont’d) Ball Name No. 10 Pin Buffer Type Type Function SLC Slicer Level for the Data Slicer 1.2uA 350 50k 50k 50k 50k 50k 50k 10 1.2uA 11 VDD 12 BUSDTA See Pin 7 Digital Supply A 10 Ω serial resistor in the VDD supply line is strongly recommended; see also Chapter 4.4 Bus Data In/Output 15k 350 12 13 GNDRF2 14 BUSCLK See Pin 5 Ground Return for RF Except PA Bus Clock Input 350 14 15 VSS Data Sheet See Pin 5 Ground for Digital Section 11 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Table 1 Ball Name No. 16 Pin Definition and Function (cont’d) Pin Buffer Type Type Function XOUT 4k 16 Vcc Crystal Oscillator Output Can also be used as external reference frequency input Vcc-860m V 150μA 17 XSWF FSK Modulation Switch 18 4pF ..... 125pF 8pF ..... 250fF 17 20 18 XIN 19 XSWA See Pin 17 Ground for Digital Section ASK Modulation/FSK Center Frequency Switch 19 17 20 20 XGND 21 EN See Pin 19 Crystal Oscillator Ground Return 3-Wire Bus Enable Input, Active Low 350 21 Data Sheet 12 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Table 1 Pin Definition and Function (cont’d) Ball Name No. 22 Pin Buffer Type Type Function RESET Reset of the Entire System (to Default Values) Active Low 110k 350 22 10p 23 CLKDIV Clock Output 350 23 24 PWDDD Power Down Input (Active High), Data Detect Output (Active Low) 30k 350 24 25 DATA TX Data Input, RX Data Output (RX Powerdown: Pin 25 @ GND) 350 25 26 GNDRF3 Data Sheet See Pin 5 Ground Return for RF except PA 13 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Table 1 Ball Name No. 27 Pin Definition and Function (cont’d) Pin Buffer Type Type Function RSSI RSSI Output S&H 350 27 16p 37k 28 GND 29 CQ2x See Pin 5 Analog Ground Pin for External Capacitor Q-channel, stage 2 Stage1:Vcc-630mV Stage2: Vcc-560mV 29 30 CQ2 See Pin 29 Pin for External Capacitor Q-channel, stage 2 31 CI2x See Pin 29 Pin for External Capacitor I-channel, stage 2 32 CI2 See Pin 29 Pin for External Capacitor I-channel, stage 2 33 CQ1x See Pin 29 Pin for External Capacitor Q-channel, stage 1 34 CQ1 See Pin 29 Pin for External Capacitor Q-channel, stage 1 35 CI1x See Pin 29 Pin for External Capacitor I-channel, stage 1 36 CI1 See Pin 29 Pin for External Capacitor I-channel, stage 1 37 VCC See Pin 7 Analog Supply Antiparallel diodes between VCC, VCC1, VDD Data Sheet 14 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Table 1 Pin Definition and Function (cont’d) Ball Name No. 38 Pin Buffer Type Type Function BUSMODE Bus Mode Selection I2C/3 wire bus mode selection 350 38 39 LF Loop Filter and VCO Control Voltage 200 39 40 GNDRF1 Data Sheet See Pin 5 Ground Return for LNA 15 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 Figure 4 Data Sheet (LNA/PA) 16 PA VCC1 ANT (analog) GNDRF1 VCC 6 GND-PA 5 PA high/low Gain 40 (LNA) 4 (digital) :2 fRX= 578.85MHz fTX= 434.15MHz MIXER VCO :4 90° 0° f = 144.7MHz 39 LF LOOP FILTER MIXER TX/RX :6/8 Channel Filter Q PHASE DET. Charge P. TX/RX RSSI XIN 18 100k 6-bit SAR-ADC -Peak Det +Peak Det 19 XSWA 17 XSWF CRYSTAL Osc, FSKMod, Finetuning ASK/FSK fQ= 18.0896MHz XOUT 16 ASK DATA LIMITER ASK 20 XGND 32 31 30 29 LNA QUADRI CORRELATOR CI2 CI2x CQ2 CQ2x I Data FILTER 36 35 34 33 FSK DATA CLK Bandgap Reference 100k 100k ASK/FSK - SLICER + GNDRF3 26 21 38 GNDRF2 13 WAKEUP LOGIC CONTROLLER INTERFACE BUSDTA LP FILTER fIF= 144.7MHz FSK CI1 CI1x CQ1 CQ1x LIMITER 14 EN LINX 3 Channel Filter 12 BUSCLK LIN fRF= 434.15MHz MIXER SLC 10 VSS 15 (digital) BUSMODE single ended to differential conv. ANT 15 VDD 1 27 22 8 9 1 2 24 23 25 VCC RSSI RESET PDN PDP ASKFSK RXTX PWDDD CLKDIV Data (RX/TX 2.3 11 TDA7255V Functional Description Functional Block Diagram Main Block Diagram Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4 Functional Block Description 2.4.1 Power Amplifier (PA) The power amplifier is operating in C-mode. It can be used in either high or low power mode. In high-power mode the transmit power is approximately +13 dBm into 50 Ω at 5 V and +6 dBm at 2.1 V supply voltage. In low power mode the transmit power is approximately +11 dBm at 5 V and -32 dBm at 2.1 V supply voltage using the same matching network. The transmit power is controlled by the D0-bit of the CONFIG register (sub-address 00H) as shown in the following Table 2. The default output power mode is high power mode. Table 2 Sub Address 00H: CONFIG Bit Function Description Default D0 PA_PWR 0 = Low TX Power, 1 = High TX Power 1 In case of ASK modulation the power amplifier is turned fully on and off by the transmit baseband data, i.e. 100% On-Off-Keying. 2.4.2 Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) The LNA is an on-chip cascode amplifier with a voltage gain of 15 to 20 dB and symmetrical inputs. It is possible to reduce the gain to 0 dB via logic. Table 3 Sub Address 00H: CONFIG Bit Function Description Default D4 LNA_GAIN 0 = Low Gain, 1 = High Gain 1 2.4.3 Downconverter 1st Mixer The Double Balanced 1st Mixer converts the input frequency (RF) in the range of 434-435 MHz down to the intermediate frequency (IF) at approximately 144 MHz. The local oscillator frequency is generated by the PLL synthesizer that is fully implemented on-chip as described in Chapter 2.4.5. This local oscillator operates at approximately 578 MHz in receive mode providing the above mentioned IF frequency of 144 MHz. The mixer is followed by a low pass filter with a corner frequency of approximately 175 MHz in order to prevent RF and LO signals from appearing in the 144 MHz IF signal. 2.4.4 Downconverter 2nd I/Q Mixers The Low pass filter is followed by 2 mixers (inphase I and quadrature Q) that convert the 144 MHz IF signal down to zero-IF. These two mixers are driven by a signal that is generated by dividing the local oscillator signal by 4, thus equalling the IF frequency. Data Sheet 17 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.5 PLL Synthesizer The Phase Locked Loop synthesizer consists of two VCOs (i.e. transmit and receive VCO), a divider by 4, an asynchronous divider chain with selectable overall division ratio, a phase detector with charge pump and a loop filter and is fully implemented on-chip. The VCOs are including spiral inductors and varactor diodes. The center frequency of the transmit VCO is 868 MHz, the center frequency of the receive VCO is 1156 MHz. Generally in receive mode the relationship between local oscillator frequency fosc, the receive RF frequency f fRF and the IF frequency f fIF and thus the frequency that is applied to the I/Q Mixers is given in the following formula: f osc = 4/3 f RF = 4 f IF 2 (1) The VCO signal is applied to a divider by 2 and afterwards by 4 which is producing approximately 144 MHz signals in quadrature. The overall division ratio of the divider chain following the divider by 2 and 4 is 6 in transmit mode and 8 in receive mode as the nominal crystal oscillator frequency is 18.083 MHz. The division ratio is controlled by the RxTx pin (pin 2) and the D10 bit in the CONFIG register. 2.4.6 I/Q Filters The I/Q IF to zero-IF mixers are followed by baseband 6th order low pass filters that are used for RF-channel filtering. OP INTERNAL BUS Figure 5 One I/Q Filter Stage The bandwidth of the filters is controlled by the values set in the filter-register. It can be adjusted between 50 and 350 kHz in 50 kHz steps via the bits D1 to D3 of the LPF register (sub-address 03H). 2.4.7 I/Q Limiters The I/Q Limiters are DC coupled multistage amplifiers with offset-compensating feedback circuit and an overall gain of approximately 80 dB each in the frequency range of 100 Hz up to 350 kHz. Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) generators are included in both limiters which produce DC voltages that are directly proportional to the input signal level in the respective channels. The resulting I- and Q-channel RSSI-signals are summed to the nominal RSSI signal. Data Sheet 18 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.8 FSK Demodulator The output differential signals of the I/Q limiters are fed to a quadrature correlator circuit that is used to demodulate frequency shift keyed (FSK) signals. The demodulator gain is 2.4 mV/kHz, the maximum frequency deviation is ±300 kHz as shown in Figure 6 below. The demodulated signal is applied to the ASK/FSK mode switch which is connected to the input of the data filter. The switch can be controlled by the ASKFSK pin (pin 1) and via the D11 bit in the CONFIG register. The modulation index m must be significantly larger than 2 and the deviation at least larger than 25 kHz for correct demodulation of the signal. 1.5 1.4 1.3 U /V 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 f /kHz Figure 6 Data Sheet Quadricorrelator Demodulation Characteristic 19 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.9 Data Filter The 2-pole data filter has a Sallen-Key architecture and is implemented fully on-chip. The bandwidth can be adjusted between approximately 5 kHz and 102 kHz via the bits D4 to D7 of the LPF register as shown in Table 29. ASK / FSK OTA INTERNAL BUS Figure 7 Data Filter Architecture 2.4.10 Data Slicer The data slicer is a fast comparator with a bandwidth of 100 kHz. The self-adjusting threshold is generated by a RC-network (LPF) or by use of one or both peak detectors depending on the baseband coding scheme as described in Chapter 3.6. This can be controlled by the D15 bit of the CONFIG register as shown in the following table. Table 4 Sub Address 00H: CONFIG Bit Function Description Default D15 SLICER 0 = Lowpass Filter, 1 = Peak Detector 0 2.4.11 Peak Detectors Two separate Peak Detectors are available. They are generating DC voltages in a fast-attack and slow-release manner that are proportional to the positive and negative peak voltages appearing in the data signal. These voltages may be used to generate a threshold voltage for non-Manchester encoded signals, for example. The time-constant of the fast-attack/slow-release action is determined by the RC network with external capacitor. 2.4.12 Crystal Oscillator The reference oscillator is an NIC oscillator type (Negative Impedance Converter) with a crystal operating in serial resonance. The nominal operating frequency of 18.089583 MHz and the frequencies for FSK modulation can be adjusted via 3 external capacitors. Via microcontroller and bus interface the chip-internal capacitors can be used for fine-tuning of the nominal and the FSK modulation frequencies. This fine-tuning of the crystal oscillator allows to eliminate frequency errors due to crystal or component tolerances. Data Sheet 20 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.13 Bandgap Reference Circuitry and Powerdown A Bandgap Reference Circuit provides a temperature stable 1.2 V reference voltage for the device. A power down mode is available to switch off all subcircuits that are controlled by the bidirectional Powerdown & DataDetect PWDDD pin (pin 24) as shown in the following table. Power down mode can either be activated by pin 24 or bit D14 in Register 00h. In power down mode also pin 25 (DATA) is affected (see Chapter 2.4.18). Table 5 PWDDD Pin Operating States PWDDD Operating State VDD Powerdown Mode Ground/VSS Device On Data Sheet 21 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.14 Timing and Data Control Unit BUSMODE EN BUSCLK BUSDTA The timing and data control unit contains a wake-up logic unit, an I2C/3-wire microcontroller interface, a “data valid” detection unit and a set of configuration registers as shown in the subsequent figure. REGISTERS I2C / 3Wire INTERFACE INTERNAL BUS DATA VALID DETECTOR 6 Bit ADC FSK DATA ASK DATA BLOCK ENABLE CONTROL LOGIC CLKDiv PWDDD DATA ASK / FSK RX / TX 32kHz RC-Osc. DATA VALID FREQUENCY window TH1<TGATE<TH2 RX DATA WAKEUP LOGIC AMPLITUDE threshold TH3 ENABLE RF - BLOCK RSSI Figure 8 18 MHz XTAL-Osc.. ASKFSK POWER ON SEQUENCER RXTX RESET Timing and Data Control Unit The I2C/3-wire Bus Interface gives an external microcontroller full control over important system parameters at any time. It is possible to set the device in three different modes: Slave Mode, Self Polling Mode and Timer Mode. This is done by a state machine which is implemented in the WAKEUP LOGIC unit. A detailed description is given in Chapter 2.4.17. The DATA VALID DETECTOR contains a frequency window counter and an RSSI threshold comparator. The window counter uses the incoming data signal from the data slicer as the gating signal and the crystal oscillator frequency as the time base to determine the actual data rate. The result is compared with the expected data rate. The threshold comparator compares the actual RSSI level with the expected RSSI level. If both conditions are true the PWDDD pin is set to LOW in self polling mode as you can see in Chapter 2.4.17. This signal can be used as an interrupt for an external μP. Because the PWDDD pin is bidirectional and open drain driven by an internal pull-up resistor it is possible to apply an external LOW thus enabling the device. Data Sheet 22 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.15 Bus Interface and Register Definition The TDA7255V supports the I2C bus protocol (2 wire) and a 3-wire bus protocol. Operation is selectable by the BUSMODE pin (pin 38) as shown in the following table. All bus pins (BUSDTA, BUSCLK, EN, BUSMODE) have a Schmitt-triggered input stage. The BUSDTA pin is bidirectional where the output is open drain driven by an internal 15 kΩ pull up resistor. Table 6 Bus Interface Format Function BUSMODE EN BUSCLK BUSDTA I C Mode Low Clock input Data in/out 3-wire Mode High High = inactive, Low = active 2 BUSDTA BUSCLK 14 EN 21 FRONTEND 12 I2 C / 3-wire INTERFACE INTERNAL BUS BUSMODE 38 11100000 CHIP ADDRESS Figure 9 Bus Interface Note: The interface is able to access the internal registers at any time, even in POWER DOWN mode. There is no internal clock necessary for Interface operation. 2.4.15.1 I2C Bus Mode In this mode the BUSMODE pin (pin 38) = LOW and the EN pin (pin 21) = LOW. Data Transition Data transition on the pin BUSDTA can only occur when BUSCLK is LOW. BUSDTA transitions while BUSCLK is HIGH will be interpreted as start or stop condition. Start Condition (STA) A start condition is defined by a HIGH to LOW transition of the BUSDTA line while BUSCLK is HIGH. This start condition must precede any command and initiate a data transfer onto the bus. Stop Condition (STO) A stop condition is defined by a LOW to HIGH transition of the BUSDTA line while BUSCLK is HIGH. This condition terminates the communication between the devices and forces the bus interface into the initial state. Acknowledge (ACK) Indicates a successful data transfer. The transmitter will release the bus after sending 8 bit of data. During the 9th clock cycle the receiver will set the SDA line to LOW level to indicate it has received the 8 bits of data correctly. Data Sheet 23 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Data Transfer Write Mode To start the communication, the bus master must initiate a start condition (STA), followed by the 8 bit chip address. The chip address for the TDA7255V is fixed as „1110000“ (MSB at first). The last bit (LSB = A0) of the chip address byte defines the type of operation to be performed: A0 = 0, a write operation is selected and A0 = 1 a read operation is selected. After this comparison the TDA7255V will generate an ACK and awaits the desired sub address byte (00H...0FH) and data bytes. At the end of the data transition the master has to generate the stop condition (STO). Data Transfer Read Mode To start the communication in the read mode, the bus master must initiate a start condition (STA), followed by the 8 bit chip address (write: A0 = 0), followed by the sub address to read (80H, 81H), followed by the chip address (read: A0 = 1). After that procedure the data of the selected register (80H, 81H) is read out. During this time the data line has to be kept in HIGH state and the chip sends out the data. At the end of data transition the master has to generate the stop condition (STO). 2.4.15.2 Bus Data Format in I2C Mode Table 7 Chip Address Organization MSB LSB Function 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Chip Address Write 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 Chip Address Read I2C Bus Write Mode 8 Bit Table 8 M CHIP ADDRESS S (WRITE) B S T A 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 M CHIP ADDRESS S (WRITE) B 1 M SUB ADDRESS (WRITE) S 00H...08H, 0DH, 0EH, 0FH B L S B 0 A S S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S C 7 0 K M S B DATA IN L S B A D D D D D D D D A S C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C T K K O I2C Bus Write Mode 16 Bit Table 9 S T A L S B 1 1 Data Sheet 0 0 0 L S B 0 M S B SUB ADDRESS (WRITE) L 00H...08H, 0DH, 0EH, 0FH S B M S B DATA IN L S B 0 A S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S A D ... D A D D ... D C 0 C 1 8 C 7 6 0 K K 5 K 24 A S C T K O Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description I2C Bus Read Mode Table 10 M CHIP ADDRESS S (WRITE) B S 1 T A L S B 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 M SUB ADDRESS (READ) S 80H, 81H B S 7 A C K L S B S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S A 0 C K S T A M S B CHIP ADDRESS (READ) 1 1 1 0 0 0 L S B 0 1 A C K I2C Bus Read Mode (continued) Table 11 MSB DATA OUT FROM SUB ADDRESS R7 R6 R5 R4 LSB R3 R2 R1 ACK1) R0 STO 1) Mandatory HIGH 2.4.15.3 3-Wire Bus Mode In this mode pin 38 (BUSMODE) = HIGH and Pin 12 (BUSDTA) is in the data input/output pin. Pin 21 (EN) is used to activate the bus interface to allow the transfer of data to / from the device. When pin 21 (EN) is inactive (HIGH), data transfer is inhibited. Data Transition Data transition on pin 12 (BUSDTA) can only occur if the clock BUSCLK is LOW. To perform a data transfer the interface has to be enabled. This is done by setting the EN line to LOW. A serial transfer is done via BUSDTA, BUSCLK and EN. The bit stream needs no chip address. Data Transfer Write Mode To start the communication the EN line has to be set to LOW. The desired sub address byte and data bytes have to follow. The sub-address (00H...0FH) determines which of the data bytes are transmitted. At the end of data transition the EN must be HIGH. Data Transfer Read Mode To start the communication in the read mode, the EN line has to be set to LOW followed by the sub address to read (80H, 81H). Afterwards the device is ready to read out data. At the end of data transition EN must be HIGH. 2.4.15.4 Bus Data Format 3-Wire Bus Mode Table 12 3-Wire Bus Write Mode MSB SUB ADDRESS (WRITE) 00H...08H, 0DH, 0EH,0FH LSB MSB DATA IN X...0 (X = 7 or 15) S7 S6 S0 DX Table 13 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 ... D5 D4 D3 LSB D2 D1 D0 3-Wire Bus Read Mode MSB SUB ADDRESS (READ) 80H, 81H LSB MSB DATA OUT FROM SUB ADDRESS LSB S7 S6 S0 R7 R0 Data Sheet S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 25 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.15.5 Register Definition Sub Addresses Overview ADC FILTER RSSI [8 Bit] Figure 10 LPF [8 Bit] I2C - SPI INTERFACE CONTROL WAKEUP XTAL CONFIG [16 Bit] STATUS [8 Bit] CLK_DIV [8 Bit] BLOCK_PD [16Bit] ON_TIME [16 Bit] OFF_TIME [16 Bit] COUNT_TH1 [16Bit] COUNT_TH2 [16Bit] RSSI_TH3 [8 Bit] XTAL_TUNE [16Bit] FSK [16Bit] XTAL_CONFIG [8 Bit] Sub Addresses Overview Sub Address Organization Table 14 Sub Addresses of Data Registers Write MSB LSB HEX Function Description Bit Length 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00h CONFIG General definition of status bits 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 01h FSK Values for FSK-shift 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02h XTAL_TUNING Nominal frequency 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 03h LPF I/Q and data filter cutoff frequencies 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 04h ON_TIME ON time of wakeup counter 16 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 05h OFF_TIME OFF time of wakeup counter 16 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 06h COUNT_TH1 Lower threshold of window counter 16 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 07h COUNT_TH2 Higher threshold of window counter 16 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 08h RSSI_TH3 Threshold for RSSI signal 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0Dh CLK_DIV Configuration and Ratio of clock divider 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0Eh XTAL_CONFIG XTAL configuration 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0Fh BLOCK_PD Building Blocks Power Down 16 Table 15 Sub Addresses of Data Registers Read MSB LSB HEX Function Description Bit Length 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80h STATUS Results of comparison: ADC & WINDOW 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 81h ADC ADC data out 8 Data Sheet 26 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.16 Registers Chapter Data Byte Specification Table 16 Registers Overview Register Short Name Register Long Name Offset Address Reset Value CONFIG 00H 04F9H FSK 01H 0A0CH XTAL_TUNING 02H 0012H LPF 03H 0018H ON_TIME 04H FEC0H OFF_TIME 05H F380H COUNT_TH1 06H 0000H COUNT_TH2 07H 0000H RSSI_TH3 08H 007FH CLK_DIV 0DH 0008H XTAL_CONFIG 0EH 0001H BLOCK_PD 0FH FFFFH STATUS 80H 0000H ADC 81H 0000H Registers Chapter, Register Descriptions The register is addressed wordwise. Data Sheet 27 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.16.1 Register Descriptions Data Byte Specification CONFIG Offset Reset Value 00H 04F9H 15 14 13 12 SLICER ALL_PD TESTMODE CONTROL rw 11 rw 10 rw 9 rw 8 ASK_NFSK RX_NTX CLK_EN RX_DATA_INV rw 7 rw 6 rw 5 rw 4 D_OUT ADC_MODE F_COUNT_MODE LNA_GAIN rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 EN_RX MODE_2 MODE_1 PA_PWR rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type SLICER 15 rw Description 0B Lowpass 1B Peak Detector Reset: 0B ALL_PD 14 rw Normal operation 0B 1B All Power down Reset: 0B TESTMODE 13 rw 0B Normal operation 1B Testmode Reset: 0B CONTROL 12 rw 0B RX/TX and ASK/FSK external controlled 1B Register controlled Reset: 0B ASK_NFSK 11 rw 0B FSK 1B ASK Reset: 0B Data Sheet 28 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Field Bits Type RX_NTX 10 rw Description 0B TX 1B RX Reset: 1B CLK_EN 9 rw 0B CLK off during power down 1B CLK always on, even in power down Reset: 0B RX_DATA_INV 8 rw 0B No Data inversion 1B Data inversion Reset: 0B D_OUT 7 rw 0B Data out if valid 1B Always Data out Reset: 1B ADC_MODE 6 rw 0B One shot 1B Continuous Reset: 1B F_COUNT_MODE 5 rw 0B One shot 1B Continuous Reset: 1B LNA_GAIN 4 rw 0B Low gain 1B High gain Reset: 1B EN_RX 3 rw 0B Disable receiver 1B Enable receiver (in self polling and timer mode)1) Reset: 1B MODE_2 2 rw 0B Slave mode 1B Timer mode Reset: 0B MODE_1 1 rw 0B Slave or timer mode 1B Self polling mode Reset: 0B PA_PWR 0 rw 0B Low TX Power 1B High TX Power Reset: 1B 1) Function is only active in self-polling and timer mode. When D3 is set to LOW the RX path is not enabled if PWDDD pin is set to LOW. A delayed setting of D3 results in a delayed power ON of the RX building blocks. Data Sheet 29 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description FSK FSK Offset Reset Value 01H 15 14 Res 0A0CH 13 12 FSK_High_5 FSK_High_4 rw 8 11 10 rw 9 FSK_High_3 FSK_High_2 FSK_High_1 FSK_High_0 rw 7 rw 6 rw 5 rw 4 FSK_Low_5 FSK_Low_4 Res rw rw 3 2 1 0 FSK_Low_3 FSK_Low_2 FSK_Low_1 FSK_Low_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type Description FSK_High_5 13 rw Setting for positive frequency shift: FSK_High or ASK-RX 1B 8 pF Reset: 0B FSK_High_4 12 rw Setting for positive frequency shift: FSK_High or ASK-RX 4 pF 1B Reset: 0B FSK_High_3 11 rw Setting for positive frequency shift: FSK_High or ASK-RX 1B 2 pF Reset: 1B FSK_High_2 10 rw Setting for positive frequency shift: FSK_High or ASK-RX 1B 1 pF Reset: 0B FSK_High_1 9 rw Setting for positive frequency shift: FSK_High or ASK-RX 1B 500 fF Reset: 1B FSK_High_0 8 rw Setting for positive frequency shift: FSK_High or ASK-RX 1B 250 fF Reset: 0B FSK_Low_5 5 rw Setting for negative frequency shift: FSK_Low 1B 4 pF Reset: 0B Data Sheet 30 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Field Bits Type Description FSK_Low_4 4 rw Setting for negative frequency shift: FSK_Low 1B 2 pF Reset: 0B FSK_Low_3 3 rw Setting for negative frequency shift: FSK_Low 1B 1 pF Reset: 1B FSK_Low_2 2 rw Setting for negative frequency shift: FSK_Low 1B 500 fF Reset: 1B FSK_Low_1 1 rw Setting for negative frequency shift: FSK_Low 1B 250 fF Reset: 0B FSK_Low_0 0 rw Setting for negative frequency shift: FSK_Low 1B 125 fF Reset: 0B Data Sheet 31 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description XTAL_TUNING XTAL_TUNING Offset Reset Value 02H 0012H 15 12 Res 11 8 Res 7 6 Res 5 4 NOM_Frequ_5 NOM_Frequ_4 rw rw 3 2 1 0 NOM_Frequ_3 NOM_Frequ_2 NOM_Frequ_1 NOM_Frequ_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type Description NOM_Frequ_5 5 rw Setting for nominal frequency ASK-TX, FSK-RX 1B 8 pF Reset: 0B NOM_Frequ_4 4 rw Setting for nominal frequency ASK-TX, FSK-RX 4 pF 1B Reset: 1B NOM_Frequ_3 3 rw Setting for nominal frequency ASK-TX, FSK-RX 1B 2 pF Reset: 0B NOM_Frequ_2 2 rw Setting for nominal frequency ASK-TX, FSK-RX 1B 1 pF Reset: 0B NOM_Frequ_1 1 rw Setting for nominal frequency ASK-TX, FSK-RX 1B 500 fF Reset: 1B NOM_Frequ_0 0 rw Setting for nominal frequency ASK-TX, FSK-RX 1B 250 fF Reset: 0B Data Sheet 32 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description LPF LPF Offset Reset Value 03H 0018H 15 12 Res 11 8 Res 7 6 5 4 Datafilter_3 Datafilter_2 Datafilter_1 Datafilter_0 rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 Q_Filter_2 Q_Filter_1 Q_Filter_0 Res rw rw rw Field Bits Type Description Datafilter_3 7 rw 3 dB cutoff frequency of data filter Reset: 0B Datafilter_2 6 rw 3 dB cutoff frequency of data filter Reset: 0B Datafilter_1 5 rw 3 dB cutoff frequency of data filter Reset: 0B Datafilter_0 4 rw 3 dB cutoff frequency of data filter Reset: 1B Q_Filter_2 3 rw 3 dB cutoff frequency of IQ-filter Reset: 1B Q_Filter_1 2 rw 3 dB cutoff frequency of IQ-filter Reset: 0B Q_Filter_0 1 rw 3 dB cutoff frequency of IQ-filter Reset: 0B Data Sheet 33 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description ON_TIME ON_TIME Offset Reset Value 04H FEC0H 15 14 13 12 ON_15 ON_14 ON_13 ON_12 rw 11 rw 10 rw 9 rw 8 ON_11 ON_10 ON_9 ON_8 rw 7 rw 6 rw 5 rw 4 ON_7 ON_6 ON_5 ON_4 rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 ON_3 ON_2 ON_1 ON_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type ON_15 15 rw Description Reset: 1B ON_14 14 rw Reset: 1B ON_13 13 rw Reset: 1B ON_12 12 rw Reset: 1B ON_11 11 rw Reset: 1B ON_10 10 rw Reset: 1B ON_9 9 rw Reset: 1B ON_8 8 rw Reset: 0B ON_7 7 rw Reset: 1B ON_6 6 rw Reset: 1B ON_5 5 rw Reset: 0B Data Sheet 34 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Field Bits Type ON_4 4 rw Description Reset: 0B ON_3 3 rw Reset: 0B ON_2 2 rw Reset: 0B ON_1 1 rw Reset: 0B ON_0 0 rw Reset: 0B Data Sheet 35 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description OFF_TIME OFF_TIME Offset Reset Value 05H F380H 15 14 13 12 OFF_15 OFF_14 OFF_13 OFF_12 rw 11 rw 10 rw 9 rw 8 OFF_11 OFF_10 OFF_9 OFF_8 rw 7 rw 6 rw 5 rw 4 OFF_7 OFF_6 OFF_5 OFF_4 rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 OFF_3 OFF_2 OFF_1 OFF_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type OFF_15 15 rw Description Reset: 1B OFF_14 14 rw Reset: 1B OFF_13 13 rw Reset: 1B OFF_12 12 rw Reset: 1B OFF_11 11 rw Reset: 0B OFF_10 10 rw Reset: 0B OFF_9 9 rw Reset: 1B OFF_8 8 rw Reset: 1B OFF_7 7 rw Reset: 1B OFF_6 6 rw Reset: 0B OFF_5 5 rw Reset: 0B Data Sheet 36 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Field Bits Type OFF_4 4 rw Description Reset: 0B OFF_3 3 rw Reset: 0B OFF_2 2 rw Reset: 0B OFF_1 1 rw Reset: 0B OFF_0 0 rw Reset: 0B Data Sheet 37 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description COUNT_TH1 COUNT_TH1 Offset Reset Value 06H 0000H 15 12 Res 11 10 9 8 TH1_11 TH1_10 TH1_9 TH1_8 rw 7 rw 6 rw 5 rw 4 TH1_7 TH1_6 TH1_5 TH1_4 rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 TH1_3 TH1_2 TH1_1 TH1_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type TH1_11 11 rw Description Reset: 0B TH1_10 10 rw Reset: 0B TH1_9 9 rw Reset: 0B TH1_8 8 rw Reset: 0B TH1_7 7 rw Reset: 0B TH1_6 6 rw Reset: 0B TH1_5 5 rw Reset: 0B TH1_4 4 rw Reset: 0B TH1_3 3 rw Reset: 0B TH1_2 2 rw Reset: 0B TH1_1 1 rw Reset: 0B Data Sheet 38 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Field Bits Type TH1_0 0 rw Description Reset: 0B Data Sheet 39 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description COUNT_TH2 COUNT_TH2 Offset Reset Value 07H 0000H 15 12 Res 11 10 9 8 TH2_11 TH2_10 TH2_9 TH2_8 rw 7 rw 6 rw 5 rw 4 TH2_7 TH2_6 TH2_5 TH2_4 rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 TH2_3 TH2_2 TH2_1 TH2_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type TH2_11 11 rw Description Reset: 0B TH2_10 10 rw Reset: 0B TH2_9 9 rw Reset: 0B TH2_8 8 rw Reset: 0B TH2_7 7 rw Reset: 0B TH2_6 6 rw Reset: 0B TH2_5 5 rw Reset: 0B TH2_4 4 rw Reset: 0B TH2_3 3 rw Reset: 0B TH2_2 2 rw Reset: 0B TH2_1 1 rw Reset: 0B Data Sheet 40 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Field Bits Type TH2_0 0 rw Description Reset: 0B Data Sheet 41 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description RSSI_TH3 RSSI_TH3 Offset Reset Value 08H 007FH 15 12 Res 11 8 Res 7 6 5 4 Res SELECT TH3_5 TH3_4 rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 TH3_3 TH3_2 TH3_1 TH3_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type SELECT 6 rw Description 0B VCC 1B RSSI Reset: 1B TH3_5 5 rw Reset: 1B TH3_4 4 rw Reset: 1B TH3_3 3 rw Reset: 1B TH3_2 2 rw Reset: 1B TH3_1 1 rw Reset: 1B TH3_0 0 rw Reset: 1B Data Sheet 42 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description CLK_DIV CLK_DIV Offset Reset Value 0DH 0008H 15 12 Res 11 8 Res 7 6 Res 5 4 DIVMODE_1 DIVMODE_0 rw rw 3 2 1 0 CLKDIV_3 CLKDIV_2 CLKDIV_1 CLKDIV_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type DIVMODE_1 5 rw Description Reset: 0B DIVMODE_0 4 rw Reset: 0B CLKDIV_3 3 rw Reset: 1B CLKDIV_2 2 rw Reset: 0B CLKDIV_1 1 rw Reset: 0B CLKDIV_0 0 rw Reset: 0B Data Sheet 43 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description XTAL_CONFIG XTAL_CONFIG Offset Reset Value 0EH 0001H 15 12 Res 11 8 Res 7 4 Res 3 2 1 0 Res FSK_Ramp_0 FSK_Ramp_1 Bipolar_FET rw rw rw Field Bits Type Description FSK_Ramp_0 2 rw Only in bipolar mode Reset: 0B FSK_Ramp_1 1 rw Only in bipolar mode Reset: 0B Bipolar_FET 0 rw FET 0B 1B Bipolar Reset: 1B Data Sheet 44 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description BLOCK_PD BLOCK_PD Offset Reset Value 0FH FFFFH 15 14 13 12 REF_PD RC_PD WINDOW_PD ADC_PD rw 11 rw 10 rw 9 rw 8 PEAK_DET_PD DATA_SLIC_PD DATA_FIL_PD QUAD_PD rw 7 rw 6 rw 5 rw 4 LIM_PD I/Q_FIL_PD MIX2_PD MIX1_PD rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 LNA_PD PA_PD PLL_PD XTAL_PD rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type REF_PD 15 rw Description 1B Power down Band Gap Reference Reset: 1B RC_PD 14 rw Power down RC Oscillator 1B Reset: 1B WINDOW_PD 13 rw 1B Power down Window Counter Reset: 1B ADC_PD 12 rw 1B Power down ADC Reset: 1B PEAK_DET_PD 11 rw 1B Power down Peak Detectors Reset: 1B DATA_SLIC_PD 10 rw 1B Power down Data Slicer Reset: 1B DATA_FIL_PD 9 rw 1B Power down Data Filter Reset: 1B Data Sheet 45 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Field Bits Type QUAD_PD 8 rw Description 1B Power down Quadri Correlator Reset: 1B LIM_PD 7 rw 1B Power down Limiter Reset: 1B I/Q_FIL_PD 6 rw 1B Power down I/Q Filters Reset: 1B MIX2_PD 5 rw 1B Power down I/Q Mixer Reset: 1B MIX1_PD 4 rw 1B Power down 1st Mixer Reset: 1B LNA_PD 3 rw 1B Power down LNA Reset: 1B PA_PD 2 rw 1B Power down Power Amplifier Reset: 1B PLL_PD 1 rw 1B Power down PLL Reset: 1B XTAL_PD 0 rw 1B Power down XTAL Oscillator Reset: 1B Data Sheet 46 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description STATUS STATUS Offset Reset Value 80H 0000H 15 12 Res 11 8 Res 7 6 5 4 COMP_LOW COMP_IN COMP_HIGH COMP_05_LOW rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 COMP_05_IN COMP_05_HIGH RSSI_TH3 RSSI_TH3 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type COMP_LOW 7 rw COMP_IN COMP_HIGH COMP_05_LOW COMP_05_IN COMP_05_HIGH RSSI_TH3 RSSI_TH3 Data Sheet 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Description 1B If data rate < TH1 1B If TH1 < data rate < TH2 1B If TH2 < data rate 1B If data rate < 0,5*TH1 1B If 0,5*TH1 < data rate < 0,5*TH2 1B If 0,5*TH2 < data rate 1B If RSSI value is equal TH3 1B If RSSI value is greater than TH3 rw rw rw rw rw rw rw 47 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description ADC ADC Offset Reset Value 81H 0000H 15 12 Res 11 8 Res 7 6 5 4 PD_ADC SELECT RSSI_5 RSSI_4 rw rw rw rw 3 2 1 0 RSSI_3 RSSI_2 RSSI_1 RSSI_0 rw rw rw rw Field Bits Type PD_ADC 7 rw Description ADC power down feedback Bit SELECT 6 rw SELECT feedback Bit RSSI_5 5 rw RSSI value Bit5 RSSI_4 4 rw RSSI value Bit4 RSSI_3 3 rw RSSI value Bit3 RSSI_2 2 rw RSSI value Bit2 RSSI_1 1 rw RSSI value Bit1 RSSI_0 0 rw RSSI value Bit0 Data Sheet 48 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.17 Wakeup Logic SLAVE MODE (default) MODE_1 = 0 MODE_2 = 0 SELF POLLING MODE TIMER MODE MODE_1 = 1 MODE_2 = X MODE_1 = 0 MODE_2 = 1 Figure 11 Wakeup Logic States Table 17 MODE Settings: CONFIG Register MODE_1 MODE_2 MODE 0 0 SLAVE MODE 0 1 TIMER MODE 1 X SELF POLLING MODE SLAVE MODE The receive and transmit operation is fully controlled by an external control device via the respective RXTX, ASKFSK, PWDDD, and DATA pins. The wakeup logic is inactive in this case. After RESET or 1st Power-up the chip is in SLAVE MODE. By setting MODE_1 and MODE_2 in the CONFIG register the mode may be changed. SELF POLLING MODE The chip turns itself on periodically to receive using a built-in 32 kHz RC oscillator. The timing of this is determined by the ON_TIME and OFF_TIME registers, the duty cycle can be set between 0 and 100% in 31.25 μs increments. The data detect logic is enabled and a 15 μs LOW impulse is provided at PWDDD pin (Pin 24), if the received data is valid. Data Sheet 49 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description ON_TIME Action OFF_TIME RX ON: valid Data ON_TIME RX ON: invalid Data t PWDDD pin in SELF POLLING MODE t min. 2.6ms Figure 12 15µs Timing for Self Polling Mode (ADC & Data detect in One Shot Mode) Note: The time delay between start of ON_TIME and the 15 μs LOW impulse is 2.6 ms + 3 period of data rate. If ADC & Data Detect Logic are in continuous mode the 15 μs LOW impulse is applied at PWDDD after each data valid decision. In self polling mode if D9 = 0 (Register 00h) and when PWDDD pin level is HIGH the CLK output is on during ON_TIME and off during OFF_TIME. If D9 = 1, the CLK output is always on. TIMER MODE Only the internal Timer (determined by the ON_TIME and OFF_TIME registers) is active to support an external logic with periodical Interrupts. After ON_TIME + OFF_TIME a 15 μs LOW impulse is applied at the PWDDD pin (Pin 24). A ction O N _ TIM E O F F _T IM E O N _ T IM E R egister 04 H R e gister 05 H R egister 04 H P W D D D pin in T IM E R M O D E t 15µ s Figure 13 t 15 µ s Timing for Timer Mode Please note to add a serial resistor in the VDD supply line as mentioned on page 13 and in Chapter 4.4 Data Sheet 50 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.18 Data Valid Detection, Data Pin Data signals generate a typical spectrum and this can be used to determine if valid data is on air. Amplitude Frequency & RSSI Window DATA on air no DATA on air RSSI Frequency f Figure 14 Frequency and RSSI Window The “data valid” criterion is generated from the result of RSSI-TH3 comparison and tGATE between TH1 and TH2 result as shown below. In case of Manchester coding the 0,5*TH1 and 0,5*TH2 gives improved performance. The use of permanent data valid recognition makes it absolutely necessary to set the RSSI-ADC and the Window counter into continuous mode (Register 00H, Bit D5 = D6 = 1). 0,5*TH1 TGATE TH1 Figure 15 0,5*TH2 TGATE TH2 RSSI TH3 DATA VALID Data Valid Circuit D_OUT and RX_DATA_INV from the CONFIG register determine the output of DATA at Pin 25. RXTXint and TX_ON are internally generated signals. In RX and power down mode DATA pin (Pin 25) is tied to GND. RXTXint RX_DATA_INV RX DATA DATA DATA VALID 25 D_OUT TX DATA TX ON Figure 16 Data Sheet Data Input / Output Circuit 51 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.19 Sequence Timer The sequence timer has to control all the enable signals of the analog components inside the chip. The time base is the 32 kHz RC oscillator. After the first POWER ON or RESET a 1 MHz clock is available at the clock output pin. This clock output can be used by an external µC to set the system into the desired state and outputs valid data after 500 μs (see Figure 17 and Figure 18, tCLKSU) There are two possibilities to start the device after a reset or first power on: • • PWDDD pin is LOW: Normal operation timing is performed after tSYSSU (see Figure 17). PWDDD pin is HIGH (device in power down mode): A clock is offered at the clock output pin until the device is activated (PWDDD pin is pulled to LOW). After the first activation the time tSYSSU is required until normal operation timing is performed (see Figure 18 ). This could be used to extend the clock generation without device programming or activation. Note: It is required to activate the device for the duration of tSYSSU after first power on or a reset. Only if this is done the normal operation timing is performed. With default settings the clock generating units are disabled during PD, therefore no clock is available at the clock output pin. It is possible to offer a clock signal at the clock output pin every time (also during PD) if the CLK_EN Bit in the CONFIG register is set to HIGH. RESET or 1st POWER ON PWDDD = low STATUS XTAL EN TX activ or RX activ PD * CLOCK FOR EXTERNAL µP DC OFFSET COMPENSATION TX activ PD RX activ TX activ RX activ * if RX PEAK DETECTOR EN if RX DATADETECTION EN if RX POWER AMP EN if TX tCLKSU tCLKSU 0.5ms tCLKSU tTXSU 0.5ms 0.5ms tTXSU 1.1ms tTXSU 1.1ms tSYSSU 1.1ms tRXSU tRXSU tDDSU tDDSU 2.2ms 8ms tRXSU 2.6ms 2.2ms 2.2ms 2.6ms tDDSU 2.6ms Figure 17 1st Start or Reset in Active Mode Note: The time values are typical values Data Sheet 52 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description RESET or 1st POWER ON PWDDD = high PWDDD = low STATUS PD XTAL EN CLOCK FOR EXTERNAL µP TX activ or RX activ PD TX activ RX activ * DC OFFSET COMPENSATION if RX PEAK DETECTOR EN if RX DATADETECTION EN if RX POWER AMP EN if TX tCLKSU tCLKSU 0.5ms tTXSU 0.5ms tTXSU 1.1ms 1.1ms tRXSU tSYSSU 2.2ms 8ms tRXSU tDDSU 2.6ms 2.2ms tDDSU 2.6ms Figure 18 1st Start or Reset in PD Mode * State is either „I“ or „O“ depending on time of setting into powerdown Note: The time values are typical values This means that the device needs tDDSU setup time to start the data detection after RX is activated. When activating TX it requires tTXSU setup time to enable the power amplifier. For timing information refer to Chapter 4.3. For test purposes a TESTMODE is provided by the Sequencer as well. In this mode the BLOCK_PD register be set to various values. This will override the Sequencer timing. Depending on the settings in Config Register 00H the corresponding building blocks are enabled, as shown in the subsequent figure. RC- OSC. TX ON Figure 19 Data Sheet 16 16 TESTMODE ALL_PD CLK_EN BLOCK_PD REGISTER ASK/FSK INTERNAL BUS XTAL FREQU. SELECT 16 ENABLE / DISABLE BUILDING BLOCKS RX ON 2 SWITCH 32 kHz TIMING DECODE RESET Sequencer‘s Capability 53 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description 2.4.20 Clock Divider It supports an external logic with a programmable Clock at pin 23 (CLKDIV). 32 kHz WINDOW COUNT COMPLETE Figure 20 DIVMODE_1 SWITCH 4 BIT COUNTER 18 MHz DIVMODE_0 DIVIDE BY 2 INTERNAL BUS CLKDIV 23 Clock Divider The Output Selection and Divider Ratio can be set in the CLK_DIV register. Table 18 CLK_DIV Output Selection D5 D4 Output 0 0 Output from Divider (default) 0 1 18.089 MHz 1 0 32 kHz 1 1 Window Count Complete Note: Data are valid 500 μs after the crystal oscillator is enabled (see Figure 17 and Figure 18, tCLKSU). Table 19 CLK_DIV Setting D3 D2 D1 D0 Total Divider Ratio Output Frequency [MHz] 0 0 0 0 2 9,0 0 0 0 1 4 4,5 0 0 1 0 6 3,0 0 0 1 1 8 2,25 0 1 0 0 10 1,80 0 1 0 1 12 1,50 0 1 1 0 14 1,28 0 1 1 1 16 1,125 1 0 0 0 18 1,00 (default) 1 0 0 1 20 0,90 1 0 1 0 22 0,82 1 0 1 1 24 0,75 Data Sheet 54 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Functional Description Table 19 CLK_DIV Setting (cont’d) D3 D2 D1 D0 Total Divider Ratio Output Frequency [MHz] 1 1 0 0 26 0,69 1 1 0 1 28 0,64 1 1 1 0 30 0,60 1 1 1 1 32 0,56 Note: As long as default settings are used, there is no clock available at the clock output during Power Down. It is possible to enable the clock during Power Down by setting CLK_EN (Bit D9) in the Config Register (00H) to HIGH. 2.4.21 RSSI and Supply Voltage Measurement The input of the 6 Bit-ADC can be switched between two different sources: the RSSI voltage (default setting) or a resistor network dividing the Vcc voltage by 5. Table 20 Source for 6 Bit-ADC Selection (Register 08H) SELECT Input for 6 Bit-ADC 0 Vcc / 5 1 RSSI (default) To prevent wrong interpretation of the ADC information (read from Register 81H: ADC) you can use the ADCPower Down feedback Bit (D7) and the SELECT feedback Bit (D6) which correspond to the actual measurement. Note: As shown in Chapter 2.4.19 there is a setup time of 2.6 ms after RX activating. Thus the measurement of RSSI voltage does only make sense after this setup time. Data Sheet 55 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3 Application 3.1 LNA and PA Matching 3.1.1 RX/TX-Switch VCC C5 L1 50 Ohm SMA-connector D1 C1 C2 L2 C3 R1 PA C4 C7 C9 LNI D2 L3 C8 C10 LNIX TDA7255V RF I/O RX/TX RX/TX C6 Figure 21 RX/TX-Switch The RX/TX-switch combines the PA-output and the LNA-input into a single 50 Ω SMA-connector. Two pin-diodes are used as switching elements. If no current flows through a pin diode, it works as a high impedance for RF with very low capacitance. If the pin-diode is forward biased, it provides a low impedance path for RF. (some Ohm) Data Sheet 56 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.1.2 Switch in RX-Mode The RX/TX-switch is set to the receive mode by either applying a high level or an open to the RX/TX-jumper on the evaluation-board or by leaving it open. Then both pin-diodes are not biased and therefore have a high impedance. VCC C5 L1 50 Ohm SMA-connector C1 C2 L2 C3 R1 PA C4 C7 C9 LNI L3 C8 C10 LNIX TDA7255V RF I/O RX/TX open or Vcc RX/TX C6 Figure 22 RX-Mode The RF-signal is able to run from the RF-input-SMA-connector to the LNA-input-pin LNI via C1, C2, C7, L3 and C9. R1 does not affect the matching circuit due to its high resistance. The other input of the differential LNA LNIX can always be AC-grounded using a large capacitor without any loss of performance. In this case the differential LNA can be used as a single ended LNA, which is easier to match. The S11 of the LNA at pin LNI on the evalboard is 0.958/-20° (equals a resistor of 2.26 kΩ in parallel to a capacitor of 1.29 pF) for both high and low-gain-mode of the LNA. (pin LNIX AC-grounded) This impedance has to be matched to 50 Ω with the parts C9, L3, C7 and C2. C1 is a DC-decoupling-capacitor. On the evalboard the most important matching components are (shunt) L3 and (series) C7, C2. The capacitors is mainly a DC-decoupling-capacitor and may be used for some fine tuning of the matching circuit. A good CAE tool (featuring smith-chart) may be used for the calculation of the values of the components. However, the final values of the matching components always have to be found on the board because of the parasitics of the board, which highly influence the matching circuit at RF. Data Sheet 57 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Figure 23 S11 Measured Above you can see the measured S11 of the evalboard. The –3 dB-points are at 402.3 MHz and 466.8 MHz. So the 3 dB-bandwidth is: B = fU − f L = 466.8MHz − 402.3MHz = 64.5MHz QL = (2) f center 434,15MHz = = 6,73 B 64,5MHz (3) The unloaded Q of the resonant circuit is equal to the Q of the inductor due to its losses. QU = QINDUCTOR ≈ 40 @ 434MHz (4) An approximation of the losses of the input matching network can be made with the formula: ⎡ Q ⎤ ⎡ 6,73 ⎤ LOSS = −20 ⋅ log ⎢1 − L ⎥ = −20 ⋅ log ⎢1 − = 1,6dB 40 ⎥⎦ ⎣ ⎣ QU ⎦ Data Sheet 58 (5) Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application The noise figure of the LNA-input-matching network is equal to its losses. The input matching network is always a compromise of sensitivity and selectivity. The loaded Q should not get too high because of two reasons: • • More losses in the matching network and hence less sensitivity Tolerances of components affect matching too much. This will cause problems in a tuning-free mass production of the application. A good CAE-tool will help to see the effects of component tolerances on the input matching more accurate by tweaking each value. A very high selectivity can be reached by using SAW-filters at the expense of higher cost and lower sensitivity which will be reduced by the losses of the SAW-filter of approx. 4 dB. Image-Suppression Due to the quite high 1st-IF of the frontend, the image frequency is quite far away. The image frequency of the receiver is at: f IMAGE = f SIGNAL + 2 ⋅ f IF = 434 ,15 MHz + 2 ⋅ 144 ,72 = 723,59 MHz (6) The image suppression on the evalboard is about tbd.dB. LO-Leakage The LO of the 1st Mixer is at: f LO = f RECEIVE ⋅ 4 4 = 434,15MHz ⋅ = 578,86MHz 3 3 (7) The LO-leakage of the evalboard on the RF-input is about –108 dBm. This is far below the ETSI-radio-regulationlimit for LO-leakage. Data Sheet 59 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.1.3 Switch in TX-Mode The evalboard can be set into the TX-Mode by grounding the RX/TX-jumper on the evalboard or programming the TDA7255V to operate in the TX-Mode. If the IC is programmed to operate in the TX-Mode, the RX/TX-pin will act as an open drain output at a logical LOW. Then a DC-current can flow from VCC to GND via L1, L2, D1, R1 and D2. PPIN − DIODE = VCC − 2 ⋅ VFORWARD , PIN − DIODE R1 (8) Now both pin-diodes are biased with a current of approx. 0.3 mA @ 3 V and have a very low impedance for RF. VCC C5 L1 50 Ohm SMA-connector C1 L2 C2 C3 R1 PA C4 C7 C9 LNI L3 RX/TX grounded (with jumper or RX/TX-pin of IC) Figure 24 C10 C8 LNIX TDA7255V RF I/O RX/TX C6 TX_Mode R1 does not influence the matching because of its very high resistance. Due to the large capacitance of C1, C6 and C5 the circuit can be further simplified for RF: L1 50 O hm SM A-connector C1 L2 C2 C3 C7 PA C4 C9 LN I L3 C8 C 10 LN IX TDA7255V R F I/O R X/TX Figure 25 TX_Mode_Simplified The LNA-matching is RF-grounded now, so no power is lost in the LNA-input. The PA-matching consists of C2, C3, L2, C4 and L1. When designing the matching of the PA, C2 must not be changed anymore because its value is already fixed by the LNA-input-matching. Data Sheet 60 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.1.4 Power Amplifier The power amplifier operates in a high efficient class C mode. This mode is characterized by a pulsed operation of the power amplifier transistor at a current flow angle of θ<<π. A frequency selective network at the amplifier output passes the fundamental frequency component of the pulse spectrum of the collector current to the load. The load and its resonance transformation to the collector of the power amplifier can be generalized by the equivalent circuit of Figure 26. The tank circuit L//C//RL in parallel to the output impedance of the transistor should be in resonance at the operating frequency of the transmitter. Figure 26 Equivalent Power Amplifier Tank Circuit The optimum load at the collector of the power amplifier for “critical” operation under idealized conditions at resonance is: 2 RLC = VS 2P0 (9) A typical value of RLC for an RF output power of Po= 13 mW is: RLC = 32 = 350Ω 2 ⋅ 0.013 (10) Critical” operation is characterized by the RF peak voltage swing at the collector of the PA transistor to just reach the supply voltage VS. The high efficiency under “critical” operating conditions can be explained by the low power loss at the transistor. During the conducting phase of the transistor there is no or only a very small collector voltage present, thus minimizing the power loss of the transistor (iC*uCE). This is particularly true for low current flow angles of θ<<π. In practice the RF-saturation voltage of the PA transistor and other parasitics will reduce the “critical” RLC. Data Sheet 61 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application The output power Po will be reduced when operating in an “overcritical” mode at a RL > RLC. As shown in Figure 27, however, power efficiency E (and bandwidth) will increase by some degree when operating at higher RL. The collector efficiency E is defined as E= PO VS I C (11) The diagram of Figure 27 has been measured directly at the PA-output at VS = 3 V. A power loss in the matching circuit of about 3 dB will decrease the output power. As shown in the diagram, 250 Ω is the optimum impedance for operation at 3 V. For an approximation of ROPT and POUT at other supply voltages those 2 formulas can be used: ROPT ~ VS (12) and POPT ~ ROPT Figure 27 (13) Output Power Po (mW) and Collector Efficiency E vs. Load Resistor RL The DC collector current Ic of the power amplifier and the RF output power Po vary with the load resistor PL. This is typical for overcritical operation of class C amplifiers. The collector current will show a characteristic dip at the resonance frequency for this type of “overcritical” operation. The depth of this dip will increase with higher values of RL. As Figure 28 shows, detuning beyond the bandwidth of the matching circuit results in a significant increase of collector current of the power amplifier and in some loss of output power. This diagram shows the data for the circuit of the test board at the frequency of 434 MHz. The effective load resistor of this circuit is RL = 250 Ω, which is the optimum impedance for operation at 3 V. This will lead to a dip of the collector current f approx. 20%. Data Sheet 62 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Figure 28 Power Output and Collector Current vs. Frequency C4, L2 and C3||C2 are the main matching components which are used to transform the 50 Ω load at the SMA-RFconnector to a higher impedance at the PA-output (250 Ω @ 3 V). L1 can be used for fine-tuning of the resonance frequency but should not be too low in order to keep its loss low. The transformed impedance of 250 Ω+j0 at the PA-output-pin can be verified with a network analyzer using this measurement procedure: 1. Calibrate your network analyzer. 2. Connect a short, low-loss 50 Ω cable to your network analyzer with an open end on one side. Semirigid cable works best. 3. Use the „Port Extension“ feature of your network analyzer to shift the reference plane of your network analyzer to the open end of the cable. 4. Connect the center-conductor of the cable to the solder pad of the pin „PA“ of the IC. The shield has to be grounded. Very short connections must be used. Do not remove the IC or any part of the matchingcomponents! 5. Screw a 50 Ω-dummy-load on the RF-I/O-SMA-connector 6. The TDA7255V has to be in ASK-TX-Mode, Data-Input = LOW. 7. Be sure that your network analyzer is AC-coupled and turn on the power supply of the IC. 8. Measure the S-parameter Data Sheet 63 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Figure 29 S11-Parameter measured 100 MHz Above you can see the measurement of the evalboard with a span of 100 MHz. The evalboard has been optimized for 3 V. The load should be about 250+j0 at 434,2 MHz. A tuning-free realization requires a careful design of the components within the matching network. A simple linear CAE-tool will help to see the influence of tolerances of matching components. Suppression of spurious harmonics may require some additional filtering within the antenna matching circuit. Both can be seen in Figure 30 and Figure 31 The total spectrum of the evalboard can be summarized as: Carrier fc 9 dBm fc-18.1 MHz -73 dBm fc+18.1 MHz -76 Bm 2nd harmonic -43 dBm rd 3 harmonic Data Sheet -43 dBm 64 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Figure 30 Data Sheet Transmit Spectrum 3 GHz 65 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Figure 31 Data Sheet Transmit Spectrum X-tal-Oscillator Spurs 66 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.2 Crystal Oscillator The equivalent schematic of the crystal with its parameters specified by the crystal manufacturer can be taken from the subsequent figure. Here also the load capacitance of the crystal CL, which the crystal wants to see in order to oscillate at the desired frequency, can be seen. C1 L1 -R Figure 32 R1 CL C0 Crystal L1 Motional inductance of the crystal C1 Motional capacitance of the crystal C0 Shunt capacitance of the crystal Therefore the Resonant Frequency fs of the crystal is defined as: fS = 1 2π L1 ⋅ C1 (14) The Series Load Resonant Frequency fs‘ of the crystal is defined as: f S `= C1 1 ⋅ 1+ C0 + C L 2π L1 ⋅ C1 (15) Regarding Figure 32 fs’ is the nominal frequency of the crystal with a specified load when tested by the crystal manufacturer. Pulling Sensitivity of the crystal is defined as the magnitude of the relative change in frequency relating to the variation of the load capacitor. δf S ´ fS δD − C1 = = 2 δC L δC L 2(C0 + C L ) (16) Choosing CL as large as possible results in a small pulling sensitivity. On the other hand a small CL keeps the influence of the serial inductance and the tolerances associated to it small (see Equation (18)). Data Sheet 67 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Start-up Time t Start ~ L1 − R − Rext where: (17) -R Is the negative impedance of the oscillator, see Figure 33 Rext Is the sum of all external resistances (e.g. R1 or any other resistance that may be present in the circuit), see Figure 32 The proportionality of L1 and C1 of the crystal is defined by Equation (14). For a crystal with a small C1 the start up time will also be slower. Typically the lower the value of the crystal frequency, the lower the C1. A short conclusion regarding crystal and crystal oscillator dependencies is shown in the following table: Table 21 Crystal and crystal oscillator dependency Result Independent variable Relative Tolerance Maximum Deviation t Start-up C1 > >> >> < C0 > < < - Frequency of quartz > >>> > << LOSC > >> > - CL > > < - The crystal oscillator in the TDA7255V is a NIC (negative impedance converter) oscillator type. The input impedance of this oscillator is a negative impedance in series to an inductance. Therefore the load capacitance of the crystal CL (specified by the crystal supplier) is transformed to the capacitance CV as shown in Equation (18). -R LOSC f, CL CV TDA7255V Figure 33 CL = Crystal Oscillator 1 1 − ω 2 LOSC CV ↔ CV = 1 1 + ω 2 LOSC CL (18) CL Crystal load capacitance for nominal frequency ω Angular frequency LOSC Inductivity of the crystal oscillator - typ: 2.7 mH with pad of board, 2.45 μH without pad Data Sheet 68 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application With the aid of this formula it becomes obvious that the higher the serial capacitance Cv is, the higher is the influence of LOSC. The tolerance of the internal oscillator inductivity is much higher, so the inductivity is the dominating value for the tolerance. FSK modulation and tuning are achieved by a variation of Cv. In case of small frequency deviations (up to +/- 1000 ppm), the desired load capacitances for FSK modulation are frequency depending and can be calculated with the formula below. CL ± = ⎛ 2 ⋅ (C0 + C L ) ⎞ ⎟⎟ ⋅ ⎜⎜1 + C1 ⎠ ⎝ Δf ⎛ 2 ⋅ (C0 + C L ) ⎞ ⎟⎟ ⎜1 + 1± N ⋅ f ⎜⎝ C1 ⎠ C L m C0 ⋅ Δf N⋅ f (19) CL Crystal load capacitance for nominal frequency C0 Shunt capacitance of the crystal C1 Motional capacitance of the crystal f Crystal oscillator frequency N Division ratio of the PLL Δf Peak frequency deviation With CL+ and CL- the necessary Cv+ for FSK HIGH and Cv- for FSK LOW can be calculated. Alternatively, an external AC coupled (10 nF in series to 1 kΩ) signal can be applied at pin 16 (XOUT). The drive level should be approximately 100 mVpp. Data Sheet 69 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.2.1 Synthesizer Frequency Setting Generating ASK and FSK modulation 3 settable frequencies are necessary. 3.2.1.1 Possible Crystal Oscillator Frequencies The resulting possible crystal oscillator frequencies are shown in the following Figure 34 RX: TX: FSK- FSK ASK Deviation f1 ASK FSK+ Deviation f0 f2 Nominal Frequency Figure 34 Possible Crystal Oscillator Frequencies In ASK receive mode the crystal oscillator is set to frequency f2 to realize the necessary frequency offset to receive the ASK signal at f0*N (N: division ratio of the PLL). To set the 3 different frequencies 3 different Cv are necessary. Via internal switches 3 external capacitors can be combined to generate the necessary Cv in case of ASK- or FSK-modulation. Internal banks of switchable capacitors allow the fine-tuning of these frequencies. 3.2.2 Transmit/Receive ASK/FSK Frequency Assignment Depending on whether the device operates in transmit or receive mode or whether it operates in ASK or FSK the following cases can be distinguished: 3.2.2.1 FSK-Mode In transmit mode the two frequencies representing logical HIGH and LOW data states have to be adjusted depending on the intended frequency deviation and separately according to the following formulas: fCOSC HI = ( fRF + fDEV) / 24 (20) fCOSC LOW = ( fRF - fDEV) / 24 (21) e.g. fCOSC HI = (434,16E6 + 35E3) / 24 = 18.09146 MHz fCOSC LOW = (434,16E6 - 35E3) / 24 = 18.08854 MHz with a frequency deviation of 35 kHz. Data Sheet 70 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Figure 35 shows the configuration of the switches and the capacitors to achieve the 2 desired frequencies. Gray parts of the schematics indicate inactive parts. For FSK modulation the ASK-switch is always open. For FSK LOW the FSK-switch is closed and Cv2 and Ctune2 are bypassed. The effective Cv- is given by: CV − = Cv1 + Ctune1 (22) For fine-tuning Ctune1 can be varied over a range of 8 pF in steps of 125 fF. The switches of this C-bank are controlled by the bits D0 to D5 in the FSK register (sub-address 01H, see Table 25). For FSK HIGH the FSK-switch is open. So the effective Cv+ is given by: CV + = (CV 1 + Ctune1 ) ⋅ (CV 2 + Ctune 2 ) CV 1 + Ctune1 + CV 2 + Ctune 2 (23) The C-bank Ctune2 can be varied over a range of 16 pF in steps of 250 fF for fine-tuning of the FSK HIGH frequency. The switches of this C-bank are controlled by the bits D8 to D13 in the FSK register (subaddress 01H, see Table 25). XOUT 16 X IN 18 L -R f, C L 16 X IN 18 XSW F 17 -R f, C L C V1 C V1 17 C tu ne 1 X S W A 19 XSW A 19 C V3 C V2 C tu n e2 C tu n e2 20 ASKswitch FSK LO W Figure 35 C V3 XGND FSKswitch 20 ASKswitch XGND C tu ne 1 FSKswitch XSW F C V2 L XOUT F S K H IG H FSK Modulation In receive mode the crystal oscillator frequency is set to yield a direct-to-zero conversion of the receive data. Thus the frequency may be calculated as fCOSC = fRF / 24, (24) e.g. fCOSC = 434,15E6 / 24= 18.089583 MHz which is identical to the ASK transmit case. Data Sheet 71 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application XOUT 16 X IN 18 L -R f, C L C V1 XSW F C tu n e 1 17 XSW A 19 C V3 Figure 36 switch FSK- C tu n e 2 20 ASK- XGND switch C V2 FSK Receive In this case the ASK-switch is closed. The necessary Cvm is given by: CV + = (CV 1 + Ctune1 ) ⋅ (CV 2 + CV 3 + Ctune 2 ) CV 1 + Ctune1 + CV 2 + CV 3 + Ctune 2 (25) The C-bank Ctune2 can be varied over a range of 16 pF in steps of 250 fF for fine-tuning of the FSK receive frequency. In this case the switches of the C-bank are controlled by the bits D0 to D5 of the XTAL_TUNING register (sub-address 02H, see Table 24). 3.2.2.2 ASK-Mode In transmit mode the crystal oscillator frequency is the same as in the FSK receive case, Figure 36. In receive mode a receive frequency offset is necessary as the limiters feedback is AC-coupled. This offset is achieved by setting the oscillator frequency to the FSK HIGH transmit frequency, Figure 35. Data Sheet 72 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.2.3 Parasitics For the correct calculation of the external capacitors the parasitic capacitances of the pins and the switches (C20, C21, C22) have to be taken into account. XOUT L 16 -R f, CL XIN 18 CV1 C21 XSWF Ctune1 17 XSWA 19 CV2 CV3 C22 XGND 20 Figure 37 Parasitics of the Switching Network Table 22 Typical Values of Parasitic Capacitances C20 Ctune2 Name Value C20 4,6 pF C21 FSK_Low: 2,8 pF / FSK_High & ASK: 2.2 pF C22 1 pF With the given parasitics the actual Cv can be calculated: CV − = CV 1 + Ctune1 + C21 CV + = Cvm = (CV 1 + Ctune1 )⋅ (CV 2 + C20 + Ctune2 ) + C CV 1 + Ctune1 + CV 2 + C20 + Ctune 2 (26) 21 (CV 1 + Ctune1 )⋅ (CV 2 + C20 + CV 3 + C22 + Ctune2 ) + C CV 1 + Ctune1 + CV 2 + C20 + CV 3 + C22 + Ctune2 (27) 21 (28) Note: Please keep in mind also to include the Pad parasitics of the circuit board. Data Sheet 73 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.2.4 • Calculation of the External Capacitors Determination of necessary crystal frequency using Equation (20) e.g. fFSK- = fCOSC LOW Determine corresponding CLoad applying Equation (19) e.g. CL FSK- = CL ± Necessary Cv using Equation (18) e.g. • • CV − = 1 1 2 + (2πf FSK − ) ⋅ LOSC C L , FSK − (29) When the necessary Cv for the 3 frequencies (Cv for FSK LOW, Cv+ for FSK HIGH and Cvm for FSK-receive) are known the external capacitors and the internal tuning caps can be calculated using the following formulas: • -FSK: C v1 + C t une1 = C v- – C21 (30) -FSK: CV 2 + Ctune2 = (CV 1 + Ctune1 ) ⋅ (CV + − C21 ) − C (CV 1 + Ctune1 ) − (CV + − C21 ) 20 (31) FSK_RX: CV 3 + Ctune2 = (CV 1 + Ctune1 ) ⋅ (CVm − C21 ) − C − C − C 20 V2 22 (CV 1 + Ctune1 ) − (CVm − C21 ) (32) To compensate frequency errors due to crystal and component tolerance Cv1, Cv2 and Cv3 have to be varied. To enable this correction, half of the necessary capacitance variation has to be realized with the internal C-banks. If no fine-tuning is intended it is recommended to leave XIN (Pin 18) open. So the parasitic capacitance of Pin 18 has no effect. Please keep in mind also to include the Pad parasitics of the circuit board. In the suitable range for the serial capacitor, either capacitors with a tolerance of 0.1 pF or 1% are available. A spreadsheet, which can be used to predict the total frequency error by simply entering the crystal specification, may be obtained from Infineon. Data Sheet 74 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.2.5 FSK-Switch Modes The FSK-switch can be used either in a bipolar or in a FET mode. The mode of this switch is controlled by bit D0 of the XTAL_CONFIG register (sub-address 0EH). In the bipolar mode the FSK-switch can be controlled by a ramp function. This ramp function is set by the bits D1 and D2 of the XTAL_CONFIG register (sub-address 0EH). With these modes of the FSK-switch the bandwidth of the FSK spectrum can be influenced. When working in the FET mode the power consumption can be reduced by about 200 μA. The default mode is bipolar switch with no ramp function (D0 = 1, D1 = D2 = 0), which is suitable for all bitrates. Sub Address 0EH: XTAL_CONFIG Table 23 D0 D1 D2 Switch mode Ramp time Max. Bitrate 0 N.a. N.a. FET < 0.2 μs > 32 kBit/s NRZ 1 0 0 Bipolar (default) < 0.2 μs > 32 kBit/s NRZ 1 1 0 Bipolar 4 μs 32 kBit/s NRZ 1 0 1 Bipolar 8 μs 16 kBit/s NRZ 1 1 1 Bipolar 12 μs 12 kBit/s NRZ 3.2.6 Fine-tuning and FSK Modulation Relevant Registers Case FSK-RX or ASK-TX (Ctune2): Table 24 Sub Address 02H: XTAL_TUNING Bit Function Value Description Default D5 Nominal_Frequ_5 8 pF 0 D4 Nominal_Frequ_4 4 pF D3 Nominal_Frequ_3 2 pF Setting for nominal frequency ASK-TX FSK-RX (Ctune2) D2 Nominal_Frequ_2 1 pF 0 D1 Nominal_Frequ_1 500 fF 1 D0 Nominal_Frequ_0 250 fF 0 1 0 Case FSK-TX or ASK-RX (Ctune1 and Ctune2) Table 25 Sub Address 01H: FSK Bit Function Value Description Default D13 FSK_High_5 8 pF 0 D12 FSK_High_4 4 pF D11 FSK_High_3 2 pF Setting for positive frequency shift: ASK-RX or FSK_High (Ctune2) D10 FSK_High_2 1 pF 0 D9 FSK_High_1 500 fF 1 D8 FSK_High_0 250 fF 0 Data Sheet 75 0 1 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Table 25 Sub Address 01H: FSK (cont’d) Bit Function Value Description Default D5 FSK_Low_5 4 pF 0 D4 FSK_Low_4 2 pF D3 FSK_Low_3 1 pF Setting for negative frequency shift: FSK_Low (Ctune2) D2 FSK_Low_2 500 fF 1 D1 FSK_Low_1 250 fF 0 D0 FSK_Low_0 125 fF 0 0 1 Default Values In case of using the evaluation board, the crystal with its typical parameters (fp’ = fs’ = 18.089583 MHz, C1 = 8 fF, C0 = 2,1 pF, CL = 20 pF) and external capacitors with Cv1 = 12 pF, Cv2 = 3.3 pF, Cv3 = 15 pF each are used the following default states are set in the device. Table 26 Default Oscillator Settings Operating State Frequency ASK-TX / FSK-RX 434.15 MHz FSK_High-TX / ASK-RX +35 kHz FSK_Low-TX -35 kHz 3.2.7 Chip and System Tolerances Quartz: fp’ = fs’ = 18.089583 MHz; C1 = 8 fF; C0 = 2,1 pF; CL = 20 pF (typical values) Cv1 = 12 pF, Cv2 = 3.3 pF, Cv3 = 15 pF Table 27 Internal Tuning Part Frequency Tlerance @ 434 MHz Rel. Tolerance Frequency set accuracy +/- 1.3 kHz +/- 3 ppm Temperature (-40...+85 C) +/- 3.5 kHz +/- 8 ppm Supply Voltage(2.1...5.5 V) +/- 0.9 kHz +/- 2 ppm Total +/- 5.7 kHz +/- 13 ppm Table 28 Default Setup (without Internal Tuning & without Pin21 Usage) Part Frequency Tolerance @ 434 MHz Rel. Tolerance Internal capacitors (+/- 10%) +/- 3.5 kHz +/- 8 ppm Inductivity of the crystal oscillator +/- 11.4 kHz +/- 26 ppm Temperature (-40...+85°C) +/- 3.5 kHz +/- 8 ppm Supply Voltage (2.1...5.5 V) +/- 0.9 kHz +/- 2 ppm Total +/- 19.3 kHz +/- 44 ppm Tolerance values in Table 27 are valid, if pin 21 is not connected. Establishing the connection to pin 21 the tolerances increase by +/- 27 ppm (internal capacitors), if internal tuning is not used. Concerning the frequency tolerances of the whole system also crystal tolerances (tuning tolerances, temperature stability, tolerance of CL) have to be considered. Data Sheet 76 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application In addition to the chip tolerances also the crystal and external component tolerances have to be considered in the tuning and non-tuning case. In case of internal tuning: The crystal on the evaluation board has a temperature stability of +/- 20 ppm (or +/8.7 kHz), which must be added to the total tolerances in worst case. It’s possible to choose a crystal compensating the oscillators temperature drift in a certain range and thus the overall temperature tolerances are minimized. In case of default setup (without internal tuning and without usage of pin 18) the temperature stability and tuning tolerance of the crystal as well as the tolerance of the external capacitors (+/- 0.1 pF) have to be added. The crystal on the evaluation board has a temperature stability of +/- 20 ppm (or +/- 8.7 kHz) and a tuning tolerance of +/- 10 ppm (or +/- 4.4 kHz). The external capacitors add a tolerance of +/- 3.5 ppm (or +/- 1.5 kHz). Here also the overall temperature tolerances can be reduced when applying an appropriate temperature drift of the crystal. The frequency stabilities of both the receiver and the transmitter and the modulation bandwidth set the limit for the bandwidth of the IQ filter. To achieve a high receiver sensitivity and efficient suppression of adjacent interference signals, the narrowest possible IQ bandwidth should be realized (see Chapter 3.3). 3.3 IQ-Filter The IQ-Filter should be set to values corresponding to the RF-bandwidth of the received RF signal via the D1 to D3 bits of the LPF register (sub-address 03H). Table 29 3dB Cutoff Frequencies I/Q Filter D3 D2 D1 Nominal f-3dB in kHz (programmable) 0 0 0 Not used 0 0 1 350 700 0 1 0 250 500 0 1 1 200 400 1 0 0 150 (default) 300 1 0 1 100 200 1 1 0 50 100 1 1 1 Not used Data Sheet 77 Resulting effective channel bandwidth in kHz Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 10 50kHz 100kHz 0 150kHz - 10 200kHz 250kHz -20 350kHz -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 10 10 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 f [ kHz] Figure 38 I/Q Filter Characteristics effective channel bandwidth -f Figure 39 Data Sheet -f f 3dB IQ Filter 3dB IQ Filter f IQ Filter and Frequency Characteristics of the Receive System 78 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.4 Data Filter The Data-Filter should be set to values corresponding to the bandwidth of the transmitted Data signal via the D4 to D7 bits of the LPF register (sub-address 03H). Table 30 3 dB Cutoff Frequencies Data Filter D7 D6 D5 D4 Nominal f-3dB in kHz 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 7 (default) 0 0 1 0 9 0 0 1 1 11 0 1 0 0 14 0 1 0 1 18 0 1 1 0 23 0 1 1 1 28 1 0 0 0 32 1 0 0 1 39 1 0 1 0 49 1 0 1 1 55 1 1 0 0 64 1 1 0 1 73 1 1 1 0 86 1 1 1 1 102 Data Sheet 79 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.5 Limiter and RSSI The I/Q Limiters are DC coupled multistage amplifiers with offset-compensating feedback circuit and an overall gain of approximately 80 dB each in the frequency range of 100 Hz up to 350 kHz. Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) generators are included in both limiters which produce DC voltages that are directly proportional to the input signal level in the respective channels. The resulting I- and Q-channel RSSI-signals are summed to the nominal RSSI signal. I- Filter fg Q- Filter fg Figure 40 31 C RSSI 30 CQ2x 32 CQ2 33 CI2x 34 CQ1x 35 CQ1 CI1x 36 Cc CI2 Cc Cc CI1 Cc I Limiter 27 RSSI 29 Quadr. Corr. 37k Σ Q Limiter Quadr. Corr. Limiter and Pinning The DC offset compensation needs 2.2 ms after Power On or Tx/Rx switch. This time is hard wired and independent from external capacitors CC on pins 29 to 36. The maximum value for this capacitors is 47 nF. RSSI accuracy settling time = 2.2 ms + 5*RC = 2.2 ms + 5*37k*2.2 nF = 2.6 ms R - Internal resistor C - External capacitor at Pin 27 Table 31 Limiter Bandwidth Cc [nF] f3dB Lower Limit [Hz] f3dB Upper Limit Comment 220 100 IQ Filter Setup time not guaranteed 100 220 - ll - Setup time not guaranteed 47 470 - ll - Eval Board 22 1000 - ll - 10 2200 - ll - Data Sheet 80 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application v [dB] 80 0 f3dB lower limit Figure 41 Data Sheet f3dB f3dB IQ Filter Limiter f Limiter Frequency Characteristics 81 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application ADC 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 RSSI /mV 800 700 600 500 high gain 400 low gain 300 200 100 0 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 RF /dBm Figure 42 Typ. RSSI Level (Eval Board) @ 3 V 3.6 Data Slicer - Slicing Level The data slicer is an analog-to-digital converter. It is necessary to generate a threshold value for the negative comparator input (data slicer). The TDA7255V offers an RC integrator and a peak detector which can be selected via logic. Independent of the choice, the peak detector outputs are always active. 3.6.1 RC Integrator Table 32 Sub Address 00H: CONFIG Bit Function Description Default SET D15 SLICER 0 = LP, 1 = Peak Detector 0 0 Necessary External Component (Pin10): CSLC This integrator generates the mean value of the data filter output. For a stable threshold value, the cut-off frequency has to be lower than the lowest signal frequency. The cutoff frequency results from the internal resistance R = 100 kΩ and the external capacitor CSLC on Pin10. Data Sheet 82 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Cut-off frequency: f cut − off = 1 < Min {f 2 π ⋅100 kΩ ⋅ C SLC Signal } (33) Component calculation: (rule of thumb) TL – longest period of no signal change C SLC ≥ 3 ⋅TL 100 kΩ (34) DataSlicer + Contr . Logic - DATA 25 Slicer Threshold + Peak Detector PDP 9 100 k Data Filter Signal 100k SLC 10 R CSLC 100 k - Peak Detector PDN 8 VDD Figure 43 Data Sheet Slicer Level using RC Integrator 83 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.6.2 Peak Detectors Table 33 Sub Address 00H: CONFIG Bit Function Description Default SET D15 SLICER 0 = LP, 1 = Peak Detector 0 1 The TDA7255V has two peak detectors built in, one for positive peaks in the data stream and the other for the negative ones. Necessary External Components Pin 8: CN Pin 9: CP DataSlicer + Contr. Logic DATA 25 Slicer Threshold + Peak Detector PDP 9 Data Filter Signal CP R1 100k 100 k SLC R R2 100k 10 VDD CN - Peak Detector PDN 8 VDD Figure 44 Slicer Level using Peak Detector For applications requiring fast attack and slow release from the threshold value it is reasonable to use the peak detectors. The threshold value is generated by an internal voltage divider. The release time is defined by the internal resistance values and the external capacitors τ posPkD =100 k Ω ⋅ C p τ negPkD =100 k Ω ⋅ C Data Sheet (35) n (36) 84 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Signal τ posPkD Signal Pos. Peak Detector (pin13) Threshold SLC(pin14) Neg. Peak Detector (pin12) τ negPkD t Figure 45 Peak Detector Timing Component calculation: (rule of thumb) Cp ≥ 2 ⋅ TL1 100kΩ (37) TL1 – longest period of no signal change (LOW signal) Cn ≥ 2 ⋅ TL 2 100kΩ (38) TL2 – longest period of no signal change (HIGH signal) Data Sheet 85 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.6.3 Peak Detector - Analog Output Signal The TDA7255V data output can be digital (pin 25) or in analog form by using the peak detector output and changing some settings. To get an analog data output the slicer must be set to lowpass mode (Reg. 0, D15 = LP = 0) and the peak detector capacitor at pin 8 or 9 has to be changed to a resistor of about 47 kΩ. DataSlicer + Contr . Logic - DATA 25 Slicer Threshold + Peak Detector PDP 9 47k 100 k Data Filter Signal 100k SLC 10 R CSLC 100 k - Peak Detector PDN 8 VDD Figure 46 Data Sheet Peak Detector as analog Buffer (v = 1) 86 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.6.4 Peak Detector – Power Down Mode For a safe and fast threshold value generation the peak detector is turned on by the sequencer circuit (Chapter 2.4.18) only after the entire receiving path is active. In the off state the output of the positive peak detector is tied down to GND and the output of the negative peak detector is pulled up to VCC. Logic Power Down Mode 0V + Peak Detector PDP 9 off CP Data Filter R1 100 k R2 100 k SLC 10 CN - Peak Detector PDN 8 off VDD Figure 47 VDD VDD Peak Detector - Power Down Mode Signal Data Signal Vcc Neg. Peak Detector (pin 8) Threshold (pin 10) Power ON Figure 48 Data Sheet 2,2ms Pos. Peak Detector (pin 9) 0 Power Down Power ON Peak Detector Power ON t Power Down Mode 87 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.7 Data Valid Detection In order to detect valid data two criteria must be fulfilled. One criteria is the data rate, which can be set in register 06h and 07h. The other one is the received RF power level, which can be set in register 08h in form of the RSSI threshold voltage. Thus for using the data valid detection FSK modulation is recommended. Timing for data detection looks like the following. Two settings are possible: „Continuous“ and „Single Shot“, which can be set by D5 and D6 in register 00H. Data t Sequencer enables data detection t Counter Reset reset reset t Gate time Compare with single TH and latch result count count t comp. comp. t Compare with double TH and latch result comp. t (Frequency) Window Count Complete start of conversion Figure 49 ready* t possible start of next conversion Frequency Detection Timing in Continuous Mode Note: 1. Chip internal signal „Sequencer enables data detection“ has a LOW to HIGH transition about 2.6 ms after RX is activated (see Figure 17). 2. The positive edge of the „Window Count Complete“ signal latches the result of comparison of the analog to digital converted RSSI voltage with TH3 (register 08H). A logic combination of this output and the result of the comparison with single/double THx defines the internal signal „data_valid“. Figure 49 shows that the logic is ready for the next conversion after 3 periods of the data signal. Timing in Single Shot mode can be seen in the subsequent figure: Data Sheet 88 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Data t Sequencer enables data detection t Counter Reset reset t Gate time count t Compare with single TH and latch result comp. t Compare with double TH and latch result comp. t (Frequency) Window Count Complete ready* t no possible start of next conversion because of Single Shot Mode start of conversion Figure 50 Frequency Detection Timing in Single Shot Mode 3.7.1 Frequency Window for Data Rate Detection The high time of data is used to measure the frequency of the data signal. For Manchester coding either the data frequency or half of the data frequency have to be detected corresponding to one high time or twice the high time of data signal. A time period of 3*2*T is necessary to decide about valid or invalid data. T 2*T DATA t 0 0 1 0 T2 T1 possible GATE 1 t 0 2*T2 2*T1 possible GATE 2 t 0 Figure 51 Data Sheet 1 Window Counter Timing 89 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Example to calculate the Thresholds for a given Data Rate • • • Data signal Manchester coded Data Rate: 2 kbit/s fclk = 18,089583 MHz Then the period equals to 2⋅T = 1 = 0,5ms 2kbit/s (39) respectively the high time is 0,25 ms. We set the thresholds to +-10% and get: T1 = 0,225 ms and T2 = 0,275 ms The thresholds TH1 and TH2 are calculated with following formulas TH1 = T1 ⋅ f clk 4 TH2 = T2 ⋅ (40) f clk 4 (41) This Yields the following Results TH1~ 1017 = 001111111001b TH2~ 1243 = 010011011011b which have to be programmed into the D0 to D11 bits of the COUNT_TH1 and COUNT_TH2 registers (sub-addresses 06H and 07H), respectively. Default Values (window counter inactive) TH1 = 000000000000b TH2 = 000000000001b Note: The timing window of +/-10% of a given high time T in general does not correspond to a frequency window +/-10% of the calculated data frequency. 3.7.2 RSSI Threshold Voltage - RF Input Power The RF input power level is corresponding to a certain RSSI voltage, which can be seen in Chapter 3.5. The threshold TH3 of this RSSI voltage can be calculated with the following formula: TH 3 = desired RSSI threshold voltage ⋅ (2 6 − 1) 1.2V (42) As an example a desired RSSI threshold voltage of 500 mV results in TH3~26 = 011010b, which has to be written into D0 to D5 of the RSSI_TH3 register (sub address 08H). Default Value (RSSI detection inactive) TH3 = 111111b Data Sheet 90 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.8 Calculation of ON_TIME and OFF_TIME ON = (216-1) - (fRC*tON) (43) OFF = (216-1) - (fRC*tOFF) (44) fRC = Frequency of internal RC-Oscillator Example: tON = 0,005 s, tOFF = 0,055s, fRC = 32300 Hz ON = 65535-(32300*0,005) ~ 65373 = 1111111101011101b OFF = 65535-(32300*0,055) ~ 63758 = 1111100100001110b The values have to be written into the D0 to D15 bits of the ON_TIME and OFF_TIME registers (sub-addresses 04H and 05H). Default Values ON = 65215 = 1111111011000000b OFF = 62335 = 1111001110000000b tON ~10 ms @ fRC = 32 kHz tOFF ~100 ms @ fRC = 32 kHz Data Sheet 91 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.9 Example for Self Polling Mode The settings for Self Polling Mode depend very much on the timing of the transmitted Signal. To create an example we consider following data structure transmitted in FSK. 4 Frames Data Data Data Data t [ms] 50ms 50ms 400ms Framedetails t [ms] Preamble Data Sync t [ms] Synchronisation Preamble Figure 52 Example for transmitted Data-Structure According to existing synchronization techniques there are some synchronization bursts in front of the data added (code violation!). A minimum of 4 Frames is transmitted. Data are preferably Manchester encoded to get fastest respond out of the Data Rate Detection. Target Application • • • Received Signal has code violation as described before Total mean current consumption below 1 mA Data reception within max. 400 ms after first transmitted frame One possible Solution tON = 15 ms, tOFF = 135 ms This gives 15 ms ON time of a total period of 150 ms which results in max. 0.9 mA mean current consumption in Self Polling Mode. The resulting worst case timing is shown in the following figure: Data Sheet 92 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application Case A: Data Data 50ms 15ms Data 135ms Data t [ms] µP enables Receiver until Data completed Interrupt due PWDDD Case B: Data 50ms Data 15ms Data 135ms Data t [ms] µP enables Receiver until Data completed Interrupt due PWDDD Case C: Data 50ms Data 15ms Data 135ms t [ms] µP enables Receiver until Data completed Interrupt due PWDDD ... Receiver enabled Figure 53 Data 3 Possible Timings Description Assumption: the ON time comes right after the first frame (Case A). If OFF time is 135 ms the receiver turns on during Sync-pulses and the PWDDD- pulse wakes up the μP. If the ON time is in the center of the 50 ms gap of transmission (Case B), the Data Detect Logic will wake up the μP 135 ms later. If ON time is over just before Sync-pulses (Case C), next ON time is during Data transmission and Data Detect Logic will trigger a PWDDD- pulse to wake up the μP. Note: In this example it is recommended to use the Peak Detector for slicer threshold generation, because of its fast attack and slow release characteristic. To overcome the data zero gap of 50 ms larger external capacitors than noted in Chapter 4.4 at pin12 and 13 are recommended. Further information on calculating these components can be taken from Chapter 3.6.2. Data Sheet 93 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Application 3.10 Default Setup Default setup is hard wired on chip and effective after a reset or return of power supply. Table 34 Default Setup Parameter Value IQ-Filter Bandwidth 150 kHz Data Filter Bandwidth 7 kHz Limiter lower fg 470 Hz 47 nF Slicing Level Generation RC 10 nF Nom. Frequency Capacity intern (ASK TX, FSK RX) 4.5 pF 434.16 MHz FSK_High Frequency Capacity intern (FSK_High, ASK RX) 2.5 pF +35 kHz FSK_Low Frequency Capacity intern (FSK_Low) 1.5 pF -35 kHz LNA Gain HIGH Power Amplifier HIGH +10 dBm RSSI accuracy settling time 2.6 ms 2.2 nF ADC measurement RSSI ON-Time 10 ms OFF-Time 100 ms Clock out RX PowerON 1 MHz Clock out TX PowerON 1 MHz Clock out RX PowerDOWN - Clock out TX PowerDOWN - XTAL modulation switch Bipolar XTAL modulation shaping Off RX/TX - Jumper ASK/FSK - Jumper PWDDD PWDN Jumper removed Operating Mode Slave Data Sheet 94 IFX-Board Comment Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data 4 Reference Data 4.1 Electrical Data 4.1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 35 WARNING TDA7255V is intended for use in general electronic equipment (AV equipment, telecommunication equipment, home appliances, amusement equipment, computer equipment, personal equipment, office equipment, measurement equipment) under a normal operation and use condition. Stresses above the max. values listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Maximum ratings are absolute ratings; exceeding only one of these values may cause irreversible damage to the integrated circuit. Table 36 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Values Min. Typ. Unit Max. Note / Test Condition Test Number Supply Voltage VCC/VDD -0.3 5.8 V ■ 1.1 Junction Temperature Tj -40 +125 °C ■ 1.2 Storage Temperature Ts -40 +125 °C ■ 1.3 Thermal Resistance RthJA ■ die pad not soldered, no vias 1.4 50 K/W die pad soldered, and vias 30 ESD HBM integrity (all pins) 4.1.2 VESD-HBM -1.0 +1.0 kV AEC Q100-002 EIA/JESD22A114 ■ 1.5 Operating Range Within the operational range the IC operates as explained in the circuit description. Table 37 Operating Range Parameter Symbol Values Min. Typ. Unit Max. Note / Test Condition Test Number Supply voltage VCC/VDD 2.1 5.5 V ■ 2.1 Ambient temperature TA -40 +85 °C ■ 2.2 Data Sheet 95 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data Table 37 Operating Range (cont’d) Parameter Symbol Values Min. Receive frequency Typ. Unit Max. Note / Test Condition Test Number fRX 433 435 MHz ■ 2.3 Transmit frequency fTX 433 435 MHz ■ 2.4 Data Sheet 96 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data 4.1.3 AC/DC Characteristics AC/DC characteristics involve the spread of values guaranteed within the specified voltage and ambient temperature range. Typical characteristics are the median of the production. Table 38 AC/DC Characteristics with TAMB = 25 °C, VCC = 2.1 ... 5.5 V Parameter Symbol Values Min. Typ. Unit Note / Test Condition Test Number Max. RECEIVER Characteristics Supply current RX FSK IRX_FSK 9 mA 3 V, FSK, Default 3.1 Supply current RX FSK IRX_FSK 9.5 mA 5 V, FSK, Default 3.2 Supply current RX ASK IRX_ASK 8.6 mA 3 V, ASK, Default 3.3 Supply current RX ASK IRX_ASK 9.1 mA 5 V, ASK, Default 3.4 Sensitivity FSK 10-3 BER RFsens -115 dBm ■ FSK @ 35 kHz, 4 kBit/s Manch. Data, Default 5 kHz datafilter, 50 kHz IQ filter 3.5 Sensitivity ASK 10-3 BER RFsens -112 dBm ASK, 4 kBit/s Manch. data, Default setup 5 kHz datafilter, 50 kHz IQ filter 3.6 Input reflection coefficient (S11) fRF = 868 MHz S11 0.958 / -20 deg Power down current IPWDN_RX 5 System setup time (1st power on or reset) tSYSSU Clock Out setup time tCLKSU Receiver setup time tRXSU 1.54 2.2 Data detection setup time tDDSU 1.82 RSSI stable time tRSSI 1.82 Data valid time tData_Valid Input P1dB, high gain 4 3.7 nA 8 ■ 12 0.5 5.5 V, all power down 3.8 ms 3.9 ms Stable CLKDIV output signal 3.10 2.86 ms DATA out (valid or invalid) 3.11 2.6 3.38 ms Begin of Data detection 3.12 2.6 3.38 ms RFin -100 dBm see Chapter 4.5 3.13 3.35 ms 4 kBit/s Manch. detected (valid) 3.14 P1dB -63dBm dBm 3 V, Default, high gain ■ 3.15 Input P1dB, low gain P1dB_low -42dBm dBm 3 V, Default, low gain ■ 3.16 Selectivity VBL_1MHz -55 dB tRF+/-1 MHz, Default, ■ 3.17 ■ 3.18 RFsens+3 dB LO leakage PLO -108 dBm 578,9 MHz 10,7 mA 2.1 V, high power TRANSMITTER Characteristics Supply current TX, FSK ITX Data Sheet 97 3.19 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data Table 38 AC/DC Characteristics with TAMB = 25 °C, VCC = 2.1 ... 5.5 V (cont’d) Parameter Symbol Values Min. Typ. Unit Note / Test Condition Test Number Max. Supply current TX, FSK ITX 13,5 mA 3 V, high power 3.20 Supply current TX, FSK ITX 18,3 mA 5 V, high power 3.21 Output power Pout +6 dBm 2.1 V, high power ■ 3.22 Output power Pout 9 dBm 3 V, high power ■ 3.23 Output power Pout 13 dBm 5 V, high power ■ 3.24 Supply current TX, FSK ITX 5 mA 2.1 V, low power 3.25 Supply current TX, FSK ITX 7.5 mA 3 V, low power 3.26 Supply current TX, FSK ITX 15 mA 5 V, low power 3.27 Output power Pout_low -32 dBm 2.1 V, low power ■ 3.28 Output power Pout_low -1 dBm 3 V, low power ■ 3.29 Output power Pout_low 11 dBm 5 V, low power ■ 3.30 Power down current IPWDN_TX 5 nA 5.5 V, all power down 3.31 Clock-Out setup time tCLKSU 0.5 ms Stable CLKDIV output signal 3.32 Transmitter setup time tTXSU ms PWDN-->PON or RX-->TX ■ 3.33 Spurious fRF+/-fclock Pclock -59 dBm 3 V, 50 Ω Board, Default (1 MHz) ■ 3.34 Spurious fRF+/-fXTAL P1st -74 dBm 3 V, 50 Ω Board ■ 3.35 harmonic P2nd -43 dBm 3 V, 50 Ω Board ■ 3.36 Spurious 3rd harmonic P3rd -43 dBm 3 V, 50 Ω Board ■ 3.37 Spurious 2 nd 0.77 1.1 1.43 1: including pin diode current (RX/TX-switch) 130 uA @ 2.1 V; 310 uA @ 3 V; 720 uA @ 5 V Attention: Test ■ means that the parameter is not subject to production test. It was verified by design/characterization. Data Sheet 98 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data Table 39 AC/DC Characteristics with TAMB = 25 °C, VCC = 2.1 ... 5.5 V Parameter Symbol Values Min. Typ. Unit Note / Test Condition Max. Test Num ber GENERAL Characteristics Power down current timer mode (standby) IPWDN_32k 9 uA 3 V, 32 kHz clock on 4.1 Power down current timer mode (standby) IPWDN_32k 11 uA 5 V, 32 kHz clock on 4.2 Power down current with XTAL ON IPWDN_Xtl 750 uA 3 V, CONFIG9 = 1 4.3 Power down current with XTAL ON IPWDN_Xtl 860 uA 5 V, CONFIG9 = 1 4.4 32 kHz oscillator freq. f32 kHz 24 32 40 kHz XTAL startup time tXTAL 0.3 ms Load capacitance CC0max 5 Serial resistance of the Rmax crystal 100 4.5 ■ 4.6 pF ■ 4.7 Ω ■ 4.8 IFX Board with Crystal Q1 as specified in Chapter 4.4 Input inductance XOUT LOSC 2.7 uH With pad on evaluation board ■ 4.9 Input inductance XOUT LOSC 2.45 uH Without pad on evaluation board ■ 4.10 FSK demodulator gain GFSK 2.4 mV/k Hz RSSI @ -120 dBm U-120 dBm 0.4 V Default setup ■ 4.12 RSS I@ -100 dBm U-100 dBm 0.6 V Default setup ■ 4.13 RSSI @ -70 dBm U-70 dBm 0.96 V Default setup ■ 4.14 RSSI @ -50 dBm U-50 dBm 1.1 V Default setup ■ 4.15 RSSI Gradient GRSSI 12 mV/d B Default setup ■ 4.16 IQ-Filter bandwidth f3dB_IQ 115 150 185 kHz Default setup ■ 4.17 Data-Filter bandwidth f3dB_LP 5.3 7 8.7 kHz Default setup ■ 4.18 VCC-Vtune RX, Pin3 Vcc-tune,RX 0.5 1 1.6 V fRef = 18.08956 MHz 4.19 VCC-Vtune TX, Pin3 Vcc-tune,TX 0.5 1.1 1.6 V fRef = 18.08956 MHz 4.20 4.11 Attention: Test ■ means that the parameter is not subject to production test. It was verified by design/characterization. Data Sheet 99 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data 4.1.4 Digital Characteristics BusMode = LOW t BUF BusData tR tLOW tHD.ST BusCLK tHD.DA A tHD.ST tF tHIGH T t SU.DA tSU.ST T A tSP tSU.ST O A tHIGH EN pulsed or mandatory low tSU.ENASDA tSU.ENASDA t SU.ENASDA Figure 54 I2C Bus Timing BUS_MODE = HIGH SDA tLOW SCL tSU.ST tR A t SP tF tHD.DA T tHIGH tSU.DA T tSU.ST O BUS_ENA t WHEN Figure 55 Data Sheet 3-Wire Bus Timing 100 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data Table 40 Digital Characteristics with TAMB = 25 °C, VDD = 2.1 ... 5.5 V Parameter Symbol Values Min. Unit Note / Test Condition Test Number Typ. Max. fTX.ASK 10 100 kBaud PRBS9, Manch. @+9 dBm ■ 5.1 Data rate TX FSK1) fTX.FSK 10 32 kBaud PRBS9, Manch. @+9 dBm @35 kHz dev. ■ 5.2 Data rate RX ASK fRX.ASK 10 50 kBaud PRBS9, Manch. ■ 5.3 Data rate RX FSK fRX.FSK 10 64 kBaud PRBS9, Manch. @100 kHz dev. ■ 5.4 Data rate RX FSK fRX.FSK 10 28.8 kBaud PRBS9, Manch. @35 kHz dev. ■ 5.5 Digital inputs High-level input voltage Low-level input voltage ■ 5.6 VIH VIL VDD-0.2 VDD 0 0.2 V V @VDD = 3 V Isink = 800 uA Isink = 3 mA ■ 5.7 ■ 5.8 Data rate TX ASK 1) RXTX Pin 5 TX operation int. controlled VOL 0.4 1.15 V V 35 30 ns ns VDD-0.4 V V @VDD = 3 V Load 10 pF Load 10 pF Isource = 350 uA Isink = 400 uA 50 ns VDD = 5 V ■ 5.9 0.4 V 3 mA sink current VDD = 5V ■ 5.11 400 kHz VDD=5 V ■ 5.12 ■ 5.13 CLKDIV Pin 26 trise (0.1*VDDto 0.9*VDD) tr tfall (0.9*VDD to 0.1*VDD) tf Output High Voltage VOH Output Low Voltage VOL 0.4 Bus Interface Characteristics Pulse width of spikes tSP which must be suppressed by the input filter LOW level output voltage at BusData VOL SLC clock frequency fSLC 0 0 2 Bus free time between STOP and START condition fBUF 1.3 Hold time (repeated) START condition. tHO.STA 0.6 μs ■ After this period, the first clock pulse is generated, only I2C 5.14 LOW period of BusCLK clock tLOW 1.3 μs VDD = 5 V ■ 5.15 HIGH period of BusCLK tHIGH clock 0.6 μs VDD = 5 V ■ 5.16 Data Sheet μs Only I C mode VDD = 5 V 101 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data Table 40 Digital Characteristics with TAMB = 25 °C, VDD = 2.1 ... 5.5 V (cont’d) Parameter Symbol Values Min. Typ. Unit Note / Test Condition Test Number Max. Setup time for a repeated START condition tSU.STA 0.6 μs Only I2C mode ■ 5.17 Data hold time tHD.DAT 0 ns VDD = 5 V ■ 5.18 Data setup time tSU.DAT 100 ns VDD = 5 V ■ 5.19 Rise, fall time of both BusData and BusCLK signals2) tR, tF 20+ 0.1Cb ns VDD = 5 V ■ 5.20 Setup time for STOP condition tSU.STO 0.6 μs Only I2C mode VDD = 5 V ■ 5.21 pF VDD = 5 V ■ 5.22 Capacitive load for each Cb bus line 300 400 Setup time for BusCLK to EN tSU.SCLEN 0.6 μs Only 3-wire mode VDD = 5 V ■ 5.23 H-pulsewidth (EN) tWHEN 0.6 μs VDD = 5 V ■ 5.24 1) Limited by transmission channel bandwidth and depending on transmit power level; ETSI regulation EN 300 220 fulfilled, see Chapter 3.1 2) Cb = capacitance of one bus line Attention: Test ■ means that the parameter is not subject to production test. It was verified by design/characterization. Data Sheet 102 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 X8 3 2 1 C4 R22 C5 L1 R2 X1 C8 C3 C26 C2 L3 C7 R1 1 X7 2 3 C10 R23 C24 R3 C12 C29 C14 C13 C27 ASKFSK RXTX LIN LINX GND_RF PA VCC1 PDN PDP SLC VDD BUSDATA C16 D1 L2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 CI2 CI2X CQ2 CQ2X GND RSSI GND2 DATA PWDDD CLKDIV RESET EN TDA7255V C15 C11 C28 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 GND3 LF BUSMODE VCC CI1 CI1X CQ1 CQ1X GND1 BUSCLK VSS XOUT XSWF XIN XSWA XGND Q1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 C6 C1 C9 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 R18 D2 C17 C21 C22 C19 C20 R7 1 X2 2 R20 C23 C31 R21 EN BUSCLK BUSDATA R19 1 X16 2 RSSI JP2 C18 BUSMODE R24 JP5 2 1 JP1 X14 1 X15 2 1 X3 2 DATA-MC JP3 RESET S1 PWDDD 5 3 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 BUSMODE 10 12 SCK 14 SDI 16 SDO 18 DATA-MC PWDDDNACHJUMPER 20 EN CS_E CS_E SDI SCK P$1 P$20 P$2 P$19 P$3 P$18 P$4 P$17 P$5 P$16 P$6 P$15 P$7 P$14 P$8 P$13 P$9 P$12 P$10 P$11 U$1 CS SI SCK IC2 P$21 P$1 P$20 P$2 P$19 P$3 P$18 P$4 P$17 P$5 P$16 P$6 P$15 P$7 P$14 P$8 P$13 P$9 P$12 P$10 P$11 U$2 G1 P$21 P$1 P$20 P$2 P$19 P$3 P$18 P$4 P$17 P$5 P$16 P$6 P$15 P$7 P$14 P$8 P$13 P$9 P$12 P$10 P$11 U$3 G1 P$21 103 G1 GND SO VCC 6 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 2 EEPROM Array P$22 G2 P$22 Data Sheet G2 Figure 56 P$22 4 RESET BUSCLK BUSDATA RSSI SDO 4.2 G2 JP4 TDA7255V Reference Data Test Circuit The device performance parameters marked with X in Chapter 4.1.3 were measured on an Infineon evaluation board (IFX board). Schematic of the Evaluation Board Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 C25 C30 TDA7255V Reference Data 4.3 Test Board Layout Gerber-files for this Testboard are available on request. 1 3 1 2 2 1 3 Figure 57 Top Layer of the Customer Board TDA7255V Figure 58 Bottom Layer of the Customer Board TDA7255V Data Sheet 104 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data Notes 1. The LNA and PA matching network was designed for minimum required space and maximum performance and thus via holes were deliberately placed into solder pads. In case of reproduction please bear in mind that this may not be suitable for all automatic soldering processes. 2. Please keep in mind not to layout the CLKDIV line directly in the neighborhood of the crystal and the associated components. 3. Difference in supply voltage especially between pin 1 and pin 15 is recommended to be lower than 30 mV, therefore a serial resistor in the VDD supply line, as mentioned on page 15 and in Chapter 4.4, is strongly recommended. Figure 59 Data Sheet Placement of connectors and jumpers (axial) 105 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data Figure 60 Placement of connectors and jumpers (SMD) Initially JP2 (Data to UWLink), JP3 (RESET via UWLink), JP4 (Supply via UWLink) and JP5 (PWDDD via UWLink) are open. Closing JP2 enables to apply a PRBS9 data sequence from 200 bit/s up to 80kbit/s to the data input (DATA) in case of transmit mode by the TDA7255V Explorer. Closing JP5 enables to control the PDWDDD-pin via the TDA7255V Explorer. A supply voltage of ~3.3 V for the TDA7255V Extension Board can be provided from the UWLink board when closing JP4. But don’t forget to remove the external supply in that case. Opening JP1 and closing JP3 enables the facility to RESET the TDA7255V by clicking the reset button at the TDA7255V Explorer. Data Sheet 106 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data 4.4 Bill of Materials Table 41 Bill of Materials Reference Value Specification Tolerance R1 4 k7 0402 +/-5% R2 0 0402 +/-5% R3 --- 0402 +/-5% R6 --- 0402 +/-5% R7 4 k7 0402 +/-5% R18 1M 0402 +/-5% R19 560 0402 +/-5% R20 1k 0402 +/-5% R21 0 0402 +/-5% R22 0 0402 +/-5% R23 10 0402 +/-5% R24 180 0402 +/-5% C1 33 pF 0402 +/-5% C2 1,8 pF 0402 +/-0,1 pF C3 27 pF 0402 +/-1% C4 12 pF 0402 +/-0,1 pF C5 1 nF 0402 +/-5% C6 1 nF 0402 +/-5% C7 10 pF 0402 +/-0,1 pF C8 --- 0402 +/-0,1 pF C9 27 pF 0402 +/-1% C10 100 pF 0402 +/-5% C11 --- 0402 +/-5% C12 10 nF 0402 +/-10% C13 10 nF 0402 +/-10% C14 10 nF 0402 +/-10% C15 12 pF 0402 +/-0,1 pF C16 3.3 pF 0402 +/-0,1 pF C17 15 pF 0402 +/-1% C18 10 nF 0402 +/-10% C19 2,2 nF 0402 +/-10% C20 47 nF 0402 +/-10% C21 47 nF 0402 +/-10% C22 47nF 0402 +/-10% C23 47 nF 0402 +/-10% C24 100 nF 0402 +/-10% Data Sheet 107 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 TDA7255V Reference Data Table 41 Bill of Materials (cont’d) Reference Value Specification Tolerance C25 100 nF 0402 +/-10% C26 100 nF 0402 +/-10% C27 100 nF 0402 +/-10% C28 100 nF 0402 +/-10% C29 100 nF 0402 +/-10% C30 100 nF 0402 +/-10% C31 100 nF 0402 +/-10% L1 100 nH Coilcraft SIMID 0402HP, + 2% +/-2% L2 12 nH Coilcraft SIMID 0402HP, + 2% +/-2% L3 36 nH Coilcraft SIMID 0402HP, + 2% +/-2% IC1 TDA7255V PG-VQFN-40 IC2 25AA040AT EEPROM 4KB (MICROCHIP) Q1 18.089583 MHz Hertz: TSS-6035 Spec.-Nr.: 1053-935 S1 1-pol. push-button MULTICOMP MCTAEF-25N-V D1, D2 BAR63-02W SCD-80 (Infineon) X1 SMA-socket X2, X3, X14, X15, X16 2-pol. 2-pole pin connector 2,54 mm X7, X8 3-pol. 3-pole pin connector 2,54 mm JP1 Solder bridge Solder bridge closed JP2, JP3, JP4, JP5 Solder bridge Solder bridge open U$1, U$2, U$3 20-pol. connector Hirose: DF12(3.5)-20DS-0.5 V C1 = 8 fF, C0 = 2.1 pF, CL = 20 pF Note: Serial resistors in supply lines (R21, R22, R23) should be equipped as shown in the table above. Data Sheet 108 Revision 1.1, 2010-11-10 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG