LT3952 60V LED Driver with 4A Switch Current FEATURES DESCRIPTION 4000:1 True Color PWM™ Dimming 4A, 60V Internal DMOS Switch nn Wide Input Voltage Range: 3V to 42V nn 0V to 60V Output Current Regulation with Monitor nn PMOS Switch Driver for PWM and Output Disconnect nn LED Short-Circuit Protection and SHORTLED Flag nn Internal Spread Spectrum Frequency Modulation nn Constant-Current and Constant-Voltage Regulation nn Input Current Limit and Monitor nn Adjustable Frequency: 200kHz to 3MHz, Synchronizable to an External Clock nn 10:1 Analog Dimming nn Programmable Open-LED Protection with OPENLED Flag nn Programmable V Undervoltage and IN Overvoltage Lockout nn Available in a 28-Lead TSSOP Package The LT®3952 is a current mode step-up DC/DC converter with an internal, 60V, 80mΩ DMOS power switch. The LT3952 is specifically designed to drive high power LEDs in multiple configurations. It combines input and output current regulation loops with output voltage regulation to operate as a flexible current/voltage source. nn nn Programmable switching frequency with optional spreadspectrum modulation provides EMI reduction, while still allowing optimization of the external components for efficiency or component size. The LED current is programmable with an external sense resistor, and can be adjusted from zero to full scale with a voltage at the CTRL pin. The external PWM input provides LED ON/OFF control and 4000:1 dimming ratio, and an internal PWM generator delivers the efficiency of PWM dimming to standalone or I/O limited applications. The LT3952 is available in the thermally enhanced 28-lead TSSOP package. APPLICATIONS L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and True Color PWM is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Protected by U.S. Patents including, 7199560, 7321203, 7746300. Patents pending Display Backlighting Automotive and Avionic Lighting nn Accurate Current-Limited Voltage Regulators nn nn TYPICAL APPLICATION Short-Circuit Robust Boost LED Driver with Spread Spectrum Frequency Modulation 4A INPUT LIMIT 10µH 15mΩ VIN 7V TO 42V 4.7µF EN/UVLO IVINN VIN IVINP Efficiency vs Input Voltage 2.2µF 100V ×2 SW 100 GND 1M FB 21.5k INTVCC CTRL VREF PWM ISMON DIM PWM ISMON 100k LT3952 750mΩ OPENLED SHORTLED VC 3.6k 8.2nF ISP TG INTVCC IVINCOMP 1µF 90.9k 1MHz 100nF 80 SSFM OFF SSFM ON INTVCC SYNC/SPRD SS RT 90 70 ISN 100k OPENLED SHORTLED 57V OPEN LED REGULATION EFFICIENCY (%) OVLO 2.2µF 60 16 LED (50V) 333mA 3952 TA01a For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 0 10 20 30 VIN (V) 40 50 3952 TA01b 3952fa 1 LT3952 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1) VIN, IVINP, IVINN, SHORTLED, OPENLED, EN/UVLO ...................................................................42V OVLO.........................................................................12V SW, ISP, ISN, TG........................................................60V IVINP-IVINN......................................................–1V to 3V CTRL, FB, DIM, SYNC/SPRD, PWM.......... INTVCC + 0.3V VC, SS, ISMON, IVINCOMP..........................................3V RT, VREF ......................................................................2V INTVCC (Note 4)........................................................3.6V Operating Junction Temperature Range (Notes 2, 3) LT3952E/LT3952I............................... –40°C to 125°C LT3952H............................................. –40°C to 150°C Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................... 300°C PIN CONFIGURATION TOP VIEW GND 1 28 GND SW 2 27 ISP SW 3 26 ISN SW 4 25 TG IVINN 5 24 ISMON IVINP 6 23 IVINCOMP VIN 7 EN/UVLO 8 OVLO 9 INTVCC 10 29 GND 22 OPENLED 21 SHORTLED 20 PWM 19 SS SYNC/SPRD 11 18 VREF GND 12 17 CTRL VC 13 16 FB RT 14 15 DIM FE PACKAGE 28-LEAD PLASTIC TSSOP θJA = 30°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 29) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB ORDER INFORMATION LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LT3952EFE#PBF LT3952EFE#TRPBF LT3952FE 28-Lead Plastic TSSOP –40°C to 125°C LT3952IFE#PBF LT3952IFE#TRPBF LT3952FE 28-Lead Plastic TSSOP –40°C to 125°C LT3952HFE#PBF LT3952HFE#TRPBF LT3952FE 28-Lead Plastic TSSOP –40°C to 150°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/. Some packages are available in 500 unit reels through designated sales channels with #TRMPBF suffix 2 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = IVINP = IVINN = 12V, ISP = ISN = 24V, EN/UVLO = PWM = 3V, CTRL = 2V, OVLO = 0V unless otherwise noted PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1.5 0 35 2.2 1 60 3.00 3.10 Minimum Operating Voltage Supply Current 3 FB = 1.3V, RT = 40.2k, CTRL = 0V EN/UVLO = 0V, CTRL = 0V EN/UVLO = 1.15V, CTRL = 0V UNITS V mA µA µA Internal Regulator INTVCC Output Voltage CTRL = 0V INTVCC Dropout Voltage VIN = 3V, CTRL = 0V INTVCC Undervoltage Lockout INTVCC Rising, CTRL = 0V INTVCC UVLO Hysteresis CTRL = 0V 2.90 150 2.62 2.68 V mV 2.74 200 V mV Reference Voltage Output VREF Voltage IVREF = –100μA , CTRL = 0V VREF Line Regulation 3V < VIN < 42V , CTRL = 0V 0.01 %/V VREF Load Regulation 0µA < IVREF < –100µA , CTRL = 0V 0.6 % l 1.955 2.000 2.045 V Current Feedback CTRL Range for Current Sense Threshold Adjustment CTRL PWM Shutdown Threshold 0.2 CTRL Falling 100 1.2 V 125 mV CTRL PWM Threshold Hysteresis 12.5 mV CTRL Zero-Scale Offset 200 mV CTRL Input Bias Current CTRL = 0V, Current Out of Pin Current Sense Common Mode Input Range CTRL = 1.5V Full-Scale Current Sense Accuracy (VISP-VISN) ISP = 60V, CTRL = 1.5V 20 0 l 100 nA 60 V mV 245 250 255 Midrange Current Sense Accuracy (VISP-VISN) ISP = 60V, CTRL = 0.7V 115 125 135 mV 1/10th Scale Current Sense Accuracy (VISP-VISN) ISP = 60V, CTRL = 0.3V 10 25 40 mV Low Side Current Sense Accuracy (VISP-VISN) ISP = 0V, CTRL = 1.5V l 240 250 260 mV l 350 375 390 mV Overcurrent Sense Threshold ISP to VC Transconductance CTRL = 1.5V 275 ISP/ISN Input Bias Current PWM = 5V (Active), ISP = 60V PWM = 0V (Standby), ISP = 60V 250 0 Current Sense Monitor Ratio (VISMON)/(VISP-VISN) CTRL = 0.4V, 0.8V Current Sense Monitor Accuracy (VISMON) CTRL = 1.5V , ISP = 60V µS 0.1 4 0.950 µA µA V/V 1.000 1.050 V 35 60 µA 60 65 mV Input Current Sense Amplifier Amplifier Supply Current (From IVINP) IVINP = IVINN = 42V IVIN Regulation Threshold (VIVINP-IVINN) l IVINCOMP to VC Transconductance 55 1650 Input Common Mode Minimum Voltage IVINP/IVINN to Monitor Voltage Gain µS 3 VIVINP-IVINN = 30mV 20 V V/V 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 3 LT3952 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = IVINP = IVINN = 12V, ISP = ISN = 24V, EN/UVLO = PWM = 3V, CTRL = 2V, OVLO = 0V unless otherwise noted PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1.15 1.2 1.25 UNITS TG Gate Driver PWM Input High Threshold PWM Rising l PWM Hysteresis 20 V mV TG On Voltage VISP-TG, VISP > 10V 7.5 9.5 0 0.3 V TG Off Voltage VISP-TG, PWM = 0V TG Turn-On Time CLOAD = 470pF, PWM Rising 100 ns TG Turn-Off Time CLOAD = 470pF, PWM Falling 150 ns V Output Voltage Feedback FB Voltage Regulation Threshold (VFB) CTRL = 1.5V l FB Open-LED Threshold FB Rising 1.188 1.182 1.200 1.200 1.212 1.218 V V VFB – 65mV VFB – 45mV VFB – 25mV V FB Open-LED Threshold Hysteresis FB Overvoltage Threshold 15 VFB + 15mV FB Rising FB Overvoltage Threshold Hysteresis VFB + 40mV 15 FB Pin Bias Current Feedback Line Regulation VFB + 30mV mV 20 l 3V < VIN < 42V V mV 100 0.0003 nA %/V FB to VC Transconductance 450 µS VC Output Impedance 5000 kΩ Soft-Start Soft-Start Sourcing Current Current Out of Pin, SS = 0.1V 18 25 37 µA Soft-Start Sinking Current SS = 1.8V 1.5 2.5 4.1 µA Soft-Start Hiccup Retry Threshold 200 mV Soft-Start Strong Pull-Down On-Resistance 120 Ω Oscillator RT Voltage Switching Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle 1.20 RT = 470k RT = 90.9k RT = 40.2k RT = 25.5k RT = 470k SYNC = 300kHz Clock Signal, RT = 470k RT = 90.9k RT = 40.2k RT = 25.5k l l 215 1.0 2.0 3.0 98 97 92 85 99 98 95 90 80 % % % % % 50 ns Minimum Off-Time Minimum On-Time SYNC/SPRD Pin Resistance to GND VSYNC = 2V SYNC/SPRD Input High Threshold V 180 0.95 1.90 2.75 250 1.05 2.10 3.25 kHz MHz MHz MHz 75 ns 100 kΩ 1.5 V SYNC/SPRD Input Low Threshold 0.4 V Spread Spectrum Minimum Step as Percentage of fSW 1 % Spread Spectrum Maximum Step as Percentage of fSW 31 % 4 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = IVINP = IVINN = 12V, ISP = ISN = 24V, EN/UVLO = PWM = 3V, CTRL = 2V, OVLO = 0V unless otherwise noted PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 5 10 15 UNITS PWM Generator PWM Pin Pull-Up/Pull-Down Current PWM = 1.2V, DIM = 0.7V PWM Generator Lower Threshold Offset 0.2V < DIM < 1.2V PWM Generator Upper Threshold Offset 0.2V < DIM < 1.2V PWM Generator Frequency DIM = 0.7V, CPWM = 22nF DIM Pin Output Current DIM = 0.7V TG Duty Cycle Using PWM Generator DIM = 0.345V DIM = 0.535V DIM = 0.725V DIM = 1.105V l VDIM – 15 VDIM + 0 VDIM + 15 VDIM + 825 VDIM + 950 VDIM + 1075 230 l µA mV mV Hz 10 20 30 µA 1 21 42.5 86 10 30 50 90 21 39 57.5 94 % % % % Power Switch Switch On-Resistance ISW = 500mA Switch Leakage Current SW = 60V, CTRL = 0V 80 2 VC to Current Threshold Transconductance Maximum Power Switch Current Limit mΩ 7.5 VC = 2V µA S 4 4.5 5 A 1.191 1.230 1.269 V Logic Inputs/Outputs EN/UVLO Disable Threshold EN/UVLO Falling l EN/UVLO Threshold Internal Hysteresis 75 EN/UVLO Hysteresis Current EN/UVLO = 1.25V, Device in Shutdown EN/UVLO = 1.5V, Device in Operation OVLO Threshold OVLO Rising l OVLO Threshold Hysteresis 1.191 mV 2 0 0.4 µA µA 1.230 1.269 V 25 mV OVLO Input Bias Current OVLO = 1V 15 SHORTLED On-Resistance ISHORTLED = 1mA 60 SHORTLED Output Low Voltage ISHORTLED = 2mA SHORTLED Off-State Leakage SHORTLED = 42V OPENLED On-Resistance IOPENLED = 1mA OPENLED Output Low Voltage IOPENLED = 2mA 0.3 V OPENLED Off-State Leakage OPENLED = 42V 1 µA Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: The LT3952E is guaranteed to meet specified performance from 0°C to 125°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The LT3952I is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range. The LT3952H is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the full –40°C to 150°C operating junction temperature range. High junction temperatures degrade operating lifetimes. Operating lifetime is derated at junction temperatures greater than 125°C. 100 nA Ω 0.3 V 1 µA 60 Ω Note 3: The LT3952 includes overtemperature protection that is intended to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction temperature will exceed the maximum operating junction temperature when overtemperature is active. Continuous operating above the specified maximum operating junction temperature may impair device reliability. Note 4: INTVCC is an output and is not meant to be externally driven. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 5 LT3952 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS EN/UVLO Thresholds vs Temperature Shutdown Current vs Temperature 60 EN/UVLO Hysteresis Current vs Temperature 2.25 1.40 VEN = 1.15V 50 1.35 40 1.30 30 20 1.25 CURRENT (µA) THRESHOLD (V) SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 2.00 EN/UVLO FALLING 1.20 1.75 1.50 10 1.15 0 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1.10 –50 150 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3952 G01 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3.05 2 0.80 INTVCC Voltage vs Temperature 1.75 0.40 0.20 0.00 –0.20 –0.40 –0.60 1.5 3.00 1.25 INTVCC (V) QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 0.60 1 0.75 2.95 0.5 0.25 –0.80 2 12 22 32 EN/UVLO VOLTAGE (V) 0 42 0 20 10 2.90 –50 40 30 0 VIN (V) 3925 G04 100 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3952 G05 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.00 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.25 0 10 20 30 40 0.5 2.00 3952 G07 VIN = 2.9V 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 INTVCC (V) VIN (V) 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 3.5 VIN (V) VIN (V) 6 INTVCC Dropout vs Load and Temperature INTVCC vs Input Voltage, Dropout 2.75 2.50 150 3952 G06 INTVCC DROPOUT (V) 3.50 INTVCC (V) INTVCC (V) INTVCC vs Input Voltage 2.00 150 3952 G03 Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage 1.00 –1.00 1.25 –50 150 3952 G02 EN/UVLO Bias Current above Threshold EN/UVLO CURRENT (µA) VEN = 1.25V EN/UVLO RISING 3952 G08 0 150°C 25°C –50°C 0 3 9 6 LOAD (mA) 12 15 3952 G09 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS INTVCC Current Limit vs Temperature 2.050 2.08 IREF = 100µA 2.06 NORMAL: INTVCC = 2.5V 2.025 2.04 15 FOLDBACK: INTVCC = 0V VREF (V) 20 VREF (V) INTVCC CURRENT LIMIT (mA) 30 25 2.000 2.00 1.96 1.975 5 1.94 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 1.950 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3952 G10 10 OVFB RISING 1.22 1.20 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz) OVFB FALLING VFB 1.18 OPENLED RISING 1.16 OPENLED FALLING 1.14 1.12 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 10 20 Switching Frequency vs Temperature 1.050 1 0.1 10 150 100 RT (kΩ) 1000 RT = 90.9k 1.025 1.000 0.975 0.950 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3952 G14 5.0 ISP/ISN Mid-Scale Threshold (CTRL = 0.7V) vs Temperature 128 254 CTRL = 2V 253 VISP = 60V 4.8 150 3952 G15 ISP/ISN Full-Scale Threshold vs Temperature SW Current Limit vs Temperature 40 30 3952 G12 Switching Frequency vs RT 3952 G13 127 4.4 251 ISP-ISN (mV) ISP-ISN (mV) 252 4.6 250 249 126 125 124 248 4.2 123 247 4.0 –50 0 VIN (V) SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz) 1.24 1.92 150 3952 G11 FB Thresholds vs Temperature FB THRESHOLDS (V) 2.02 1.98 10 0 –50 SW CURRENT LIMIT (A) Reference Voltage vs Input Voltage VREF Voltage vs Temperature 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 3952 G16 246 –55 0 50 150 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3952 G17 122 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 3952 G18 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 7 LT3952 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS ISP/ISN 1/10th Scale Threshold (CTRL = 0.3V) vs Temperature ISP/ISN Overcurrent Threshold vs Temperature 395 ISP/ISN OVERCURRENT THRESHOLD (mV) 28 26 25 24 23 22 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1.2 1.0 385 0.8 ISMON (V) 27 ISP-ISN (mV) ISMON Voltage vs ISP-ISN Voltage 375 0.4 365 0.2 355 –50 150 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 150 3952 G19 0 50 100 150 ISP-ISN (mV) 200 3952 G20 VISP-ISN Threshold vs CTRL 255.0 VCTRL = 2V 250 3952 G21 ISP-ISN Threshold vs Output Voltage VISP-ISN Threshold vs FB Voltage 300 0.6 300 250 250 150 100 ISP-ISN (mV) 200 ISP-ISN (mV) ISP-ISN (mV) 252.5 250.0 200 150 100 247.5 50 50 0 1.1 1.15 1.2 FB (V) 1.25 1.3 245.0 0 10 20 30 40 VOUT (V) 50 60 0 0 0.5 1 CTRL (V) 1.5 3952 G23 3952 G22 3952 G24 TG Driver Turn-On TG Rise/Fall Time vs Capacitance 2 TG Driver Turn-Off 900 800 tRISE/FALL (ns) 700 600 500 PWM 2V/DIV TG 5V/DIV TG 5V/DIV tFALL (ns) 400 300 tRISE (ns) 200 200ns/DIV 0 2.5 5 7.5 PMOS: VISHAY SILICONIX Si7309 PMOS: VISHAY SILICONIX Si7309 100 0 PWM 2V/DIV 3952 G26 200ns/DIV 3952 G27 10 CLOAD (nF) 3952 G25 8 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS IVINP-IVINN Threshold vs Temperature IVINCOMP vs IVINN-IVINP 60 58 1.225 0.8 1.175 1.150 54 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 150 0 20 40 60 80 1.125 –50 PWM Generator Currents vs Temperature 10000 25 20 60 40 100 10 5 0 –10 1 1.5 2 1 0 10 100 PWM CAPACITOR (nF) DIM VOLTAGE (V) PWM Generator Thresholds vs Temperature THRESHOLD (V) 1.4 1000 PWM PULLDOWN CURRENT –15 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 3952 G33 3952 G32 3952 G31 1.6 PWM PULLUP CURRENT –5 10 20 0.5 DIM PULLUP CURRENT 15 1000 CURRENT (µA) PWM FREQUENCY (Hz) 100 80 150 3952 G30 PWM Generator Frequency vs PWM Capacitor 120 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3952 G29 PWM Generator Duty Cycle vs DIM Voltage 0 0 IVINP-IVINN (mV) 3954 G28 0 OVLO FALLING 1.200 0.4 56 OVLO RISING OVLO THRESHOLDS (V) 1.2 IVINCOMP (V) IVINP-IVINN (mV) 1.275 1.250 62 PWM GENERATOR DUTY CYCLE (%) OVLO Thresholds vs Temperature 1.6 64 PWM Generator Operation and Step UPPER THRESHOLD 1.2 PWM 0.5V/DIV 1 DIM 0.5V/DIV 1.2V PWM THRESHOLD 0.8 0.6 ILED 200mA/DIV LOWER THRESHOLD 0.4 0.2 0 –50 10ms/DIV DIM = 0.5V 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3952 G35 150 3952 G34 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 9 LT3952 PIN FUNCTIONS GND (1, 12, 28, Exposed Pad Pin 29): Ground Pins. The exposed pad of the LT3952 acts as both GND and heat sink. It must be connected to a large copper area for proper operation. SW (Pins 2, 3, 4): Switch Pins. Minimize copper area at these pins to increase efficiency and reduce EMI. IVINN (Pin 5): Input Current Sense Amplifier Negative Input. The input current sense amplifier reduces the switching current in the case of an overload. VC is reduced when the IVINP-IVINN voltage exceeds the 60mV built-in potential. Tie IVINP-IVINN across an external sense resistor to set auxiliary current limit. If unused, tie to VIN. IVINP (Pin 6): Auxiliary Current Sense Amplifier Positive Input. Also acts as the bias supply for the amplifier to provide a function independent from the VIN pin. The IVINP/IVINN amplifier can operate from voltages either above or below VIN. Tie this pin to the positive terminal of a sense resistor, and do not use resistance in series with this pin. If unused, tie to VIN. VIN (Pin 7): Input Supply Pin. Bypass this pin with a capacitor to GND as close to the IC as possible. EN/UVLO (Pin 8): Master Enable and VIN Undervoltage Lockout. When low, the IC is put into shutdown mode and the Q current is reduced to <1μA. This pin utilizes a 1.23V comparator with hysteresis, as well as a hysteresis current source for programming additional hysteresis externally. Drive with a digital signal greater than 1.5V for simple on/off control. Tie to a resistor divider between VIN and GND to set an external UVLO threshold. OVLO (Pin 9): Overvoltage Lock Out Comparator. This pin disables switching and TG in the case of an overvoltage. This pin utilizes a 1.23V comparator with hysteresis. When the voltage at OVLO exceeds the threshold, the switching is disabled until the voltage at OVLO falls 25mV below the threshold. Tie to GND if unused. INTVCC (Pin 10): Internal Low Dropout Regulator Output. INTVCC is regulated to 3V, and must be bypassed with an external capacitor of at least 2.2µF. INTVCC is the power supply for the internal DMOS gate driver and control 10 circuitry. Users may apply <5mA loads to INTVCC. Overloading INTVCC can cause unintentional device shutdown from INTVCC falling below the 2.68V UVLO threshold. SYNC/SPRD (Pin 11): Frequency Synchronization and Spread Spectrum Enable Pin. Tie low for fixed internal clock, tie to INTVCC for spread spectrum internal clock, or drive with an external clock for frequency synchronization with no spread spectrum. When using an external clock for frequency synchronization, RT resistor should be chosen to program a switching frequency 20% lower than the SYNC pulse frequency. Synchronization (switch turn-on) occurs 50ns after the rising edge of SYNC. VC (Pin 13): gm Amplifier Output for External Loop Compensation. Stabilize the loop with a C or series RC network. This pin is set to a high impedance state during PWM dimming off-time. RT (Pin 14): Switching Frequency Adjustment Pin. Set switching frequency using a resistor to GND (see Typical Performance Characteristics for values). For SYNC function, set the frequency 20% slower than the SYNC pulse frequency. Do not leave this pin open. PCB layout must have this component close to the IC. DIM (Pin 15): PWM Generator Control Voltage. This pin outputs a fixed 20μA current, and controls a triangle wave generator on the PWM pin to determine the PWM duty cycle. 0.2V to 1.2V range on DIM adjusts PWM duty from 0% to 100%. Float this pin or tie to INTVCC if unused, tie a resistor from DIM to GND to set a fixed voltage, or apply an external voltage to DIM for adjustable PWM duty cycle. FB (Pin 16): Output Voltage Loop Feedback Pin. Connect to a resistor divider from VOUT. In constant-voltage applications, FB sets the output voltage. In constant-current applications, the FB divider is set higher than the expected output voltage to act as open-LED protection. As the voltage at FB rises to within 45mV of the regulation point, the OPENLED flag is asserted if the output current also falls below one-tenth the full-scale value. If the FB voltage exceeds the regulation point by 30mV, the switching is terminated and the TG pin pulls high in order to disconnect the LED load. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 PIN FUNCTIONS CTRL (Pin 17): Output Current Sense Adjust Pin. Sets voltage regulation threshold across ISP/ISN current sense resistor. 0.2V to 1.2V range on CTRL adjusts ISP/ISN threshold from 0mV to 250mV. Tie to VREF or INTVCC for fixed 250mV threshold. Below 100mV, the CTRL pin acts as an auxiliary PWM input for combination PWM/analog dimming on a single pin. VREF (Pin 18): Reference Voltage Output. This pin outputs a fixed 2V reference, and supplies up to 100μA for use in generating a reference voltage for the CTRL pin. When using a resistor divider, bypass this pin with 100nF to GND. SS (Pin 19): Soft-Start and Hiccup Control Pin. This pin modulates oscillator frequency and VC voltage clamp when it is below 1.7V. A capacitor on the pin sets the soft-start interval as well as hiccup retry timing in fault mode. The SS pin has a 25μA pull-up current in normal mode, a 2.5μA pull-down current in hiccup mode, and a 120Ω pull-down resistance in start-up mode. Optional latchoff mode is set with a 750k pull-up resistor from INTVCC to SS. PWM (Pin 20): On/Off Control. Used for TG on/off control and PWM dimming of the LED. Logic low idles regulator to a lower Q current, makes the TG pin drive to ISP level, and makes the VC pin high impedance. Logic high turns on error amplifier, enables switching and TG. The PWM threshold is 1.2V. Tie to VREF or INTVCC for continuous operation. The PWM pin also supplies ±10µA switched current sources to generate a triangle wave on external capacitor for the PWM dimming generator. It is safe to overdrive these currents with an external signal. SHORTLED (Pin 21): Open-Drain Short-Circuit Indicator. SHORTLED pulls low in the case of an LED overcurrent fault, and releases during the start-up phase of the next soft-start cycle. The state of SHORTLED is only updated when the PWM pin is high. Tie this pin to desired logic high voltage with an external resistor. The maximum recommended sink current is 2mA to limit excess power dissipation. Leave the pin open if unused. OPENLED (Pin 22): Open-Drain Open-LED Indicator. OPENLED pulls low when the voltage at the FB pin is within 45mV of the regulation point and the LED current has dropped to 10% of the full-scale output. OPENLED releases when the FB voltage falls below the threshold. The state of OPENLED is only updated when the PWM pin is high. Tie this pin to desired logic high voltage with an external resistor. The maximum recommended sink current is 2mA to limit excess power dissipation. Leave the pin open if unused. IVINCOMP (Pin 23): Auxiliary Current Sense Amplifier Monitor Output. The voltage at IVINCOMP is a 20× amplified and buffered version of the IVINP-IVINN differential voltage, and the VC voltage will be reduced when IVINCOMP reaches its 1.2V threshold. A 1µF capacitor to GND is suggested to filter inductor ripple and compensate the input current loop. During PWM dimming, the IVINCOMP pin stores the input current regulation loop value on the capacitor during the PWM off time. Do not load this pin. If the input current regulation loop is not used, this pin may be connected to GND. ISMON (Pin 24): Output Current Monitor Pin. The voltage at ISMON is a 4× amplified and buffered version of the ISP, ISN differential voltage. During PWM dimming, the ISMON voltage continues to reflect the instantaneous output current, falling during the PWM low time. TG (Pin 25): Top Gate Driver Output. An inverted and levelshifted version of the PWM input signal. Drives the gate of an external PMOS transistor between VISP and VISP – 7.5V to provide load-side on/off control, PWM dimming, and fault mode disconnect. Leave TG unconnected if not used. ISN (Pin 26): Output Current Sense Amplifier Negative Input. Connect this pin to the load side of the output current sense resistor. If unused, tie to output voltage. ISP (Pin 27): Output Current Sense Amplifier Positive Input. Also serves as the positive rail for the TG driver. Limit impedance in series with this pin.If unused, tie to output voltage. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 11 LT3952 BLOCK DIAGRAM 6 VIN 16 IVINN 24 ISN + – 0.375V + x1 LEDOC 0.1V 1.2V + PWMON CTRPWM 0.2V TG C/10 PWM 25 1.2V ISP – 7.5V 1.2V + – CTRPWM – –++ – + – 2µA OVLO – + FBOV 0.3V + 1.23V + 2V ISP + – VMODE 140µA + – – – SHDN VREF INTVCC x4 1.23V – – IVINCOMP EN/UVLO 18 ISMON + 1.155V + 950mV + +– INTVCC 10µA Q R + 1.23V OVSHDN – 9 26 ISP UV LDO x20 8 27 CTRL +– + 23 17 FB – 10 INTVCC 5 IVINP – 7 PWM 20 10µA S – Q + INTVCC 20µA DIM VC PWMON 22 OPENLED SS G Q C/10 VMODE S D Q – TSD (165°C) FBOV TSD 21 SHORTLED UV OCP 1.2V SS SHDN SS 19 12 + + – SYNC/SPRD 11 + 0.1V – + – OSC + SSFM 2.5µA SS/FLT R Q S + PWMON INTVCC LEDOC 25µA 13 SW 2, 3, 4 PWM LEDOC OVP OTP TSD R 15 + SSFM OFF SSFM ON 22mΩ – RT 14 GND 1, 12, 28, 29 3952 BD 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 OPERATION The LT3952 is a fixed-frequency, current mode boost converter with a feature set ideal for driving high power LED lamps. It provides input and output current regulation, as well as output voltage regulation and fault handling. The operation of the LT3952 is best understood by referring to the Block Diagram. In normal operation, with the PWM pin low, the switching is disabled, the TG pin is pulled high to ISP to turn off the PMOS disconnect switch, the VC pin is high impedance to store the previous switching state on the external compensation capacitor, and the ISP/ISN pin bias currents are reduced to leakage levels. When the PWM pin transitions high, the TG pin transitions low after a short delay. At the same time, the internal oscillator wakes up and generates a pulse to set the PWM latch, turning on the internal NMOS power switch. The switch current is sensed and added to a stabilizing slope compensation ramp, and the resultant signal is compared to the VC voltage. The inductor current increases linearly during the switch on-time. When the current sense signal exceeds the VC value, the latch is reset and the internal NMOS power switch is turned off. During the switch off-time, energy is transferred from the inductor and the inductor current decreases. At the completion of each oscillator cycle, internal signals such as slope compensation return to their starting points and a new cycle begins with the set pulse from the oscillator. Through this repetitive action, the IC establishes a switching duty cycle to regulate a current or voltage in the load. The VC signal is integrated over many switching cycles, and is an amplified version of the difference between the LED current sense voltage, measured between ISP and ISN, and the target difference voltage set by the CTRL pin. In this manner, the error amplifier sets the correct peak switch current level to keep the LED current in regulation. If the error amplifier output increases, more current is demanded in the switch; if it decreases, less current is demanded. If the switch current exceeds the internal 4.5A current limit, the latch is reset regardless of the state of the PWM comparator. Likewise, in any fault condition; i.e., FB overvoltage (VFB > 1.23V), LED overcurrent (VISP-ISN > 375mV), overvoltage lockout or INTVCC undervoltage the switching is immediately disabled. In addition to the VISP-ISN to CTRL feedback loop, the LT3952 also provides additional loops to control input current and output voltage. The loops are connected in a wired-OR configuration, where the auxiliary loops are only allowed to reduce the value of VC in the event that one or more exceeds its threshold. This means that even if one or more of the auxiliary loops is below its regulation point, VC will not rise unless the output (LED) current sense is also below its regulation point. The first auxiliary loop is the output voltage feedback loop using the FB pin. It is typically used to prevent the output voltage from exceeding a safe value. The voltage at the FB pin is compared to an internal reference voltage of 1.2V, and the amplified difference pulls down the VC pin in the case that FB exceeds 1.2V. As VC drops, the switching current reduces and in this manner the output voltage is regulated so that FB = 1.2V. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 13 LT3952 OPERATION The second auxiliary loop is the input current limit using the IVINN, IVINP, and IVINCOMP pins. Similar to the output (LED) current loop, the input current is sensed as the differential voltage across a sense resistor. As the average IVINP/IVINN differential voltage exceeds 60mV, IVINCOMP reaches its 1.2V threshold, and VC is reduced in order to limit the input current to the 60mV threshold. In order to program an external UVLO, tie the EN/UVLO pin to a resistor divider between VIN and GND. The divider ratio determines the baseline turn-off/turn-on thresholds and the value of the upper resistor determines the additional hysteresis. VIN LT3952 INTVCC Bypass Capacitor INTVCC is the internal power supply for the IC, and supplies the gate drive to the internal power switch. A bypass capacitor is required from INTVCC to GND for stability and filtering of the switching noise. For best results, use a ceramic capacitor of 2.2µF or greater, and place the capacitor as close to the IC as possible. VREF Bypass Capacitor VREF is the 2V reference output and can be bypassed with 100nF to GND. For best results, place the bypass capacitor close to the IC and away from the noisy switching nodes. Programming the Turn-On/Turn-Off Thresholds with the EN/UVLO Pin The LT3952 provides an adjustable VIN undervoltage lockout (UVLO) function using the EN/UVLO pin. The EN/UVLO function provides a precision 1.23V falling threshold with 75mV internal hysteresis as well as a 2μA pull-down current in the off state to provide additional, user-programmable hysteresis. This pin can also be driven with a logic level greater than 1.5V or tied to VIN for always-on operation. 14 R1 EN/UVLO R2 3952 F01 Figure 1 The most important (and precise) threshold is the turnoff threshold from VIN falling. The following equations determine the resistor values: R1 VUV(FALLING) = 1.23 • 1+ R2 R1 VUV(RISING) = 1.305 • 1+ + 2µA •R1 R2 For example, a 12V falling UVLO with roughly 10% total hysteresis requires 185k for R1. The closest standard value is 187k, therefore: R1 = 187k R2 = 21.5k VUV(FALLING) = 11.93V VUV(RISING) = 13.03V 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 OPERATION Programming the Overvoltage Disable with the OVLO Pin It is also possible to program a disable threshold if the input voltage rises too high. The OVLO pin has a 1.23V comparator with 25mV internal hysteresis. If the voltage at OVLO exceeds the 1.23V threshold, the switching is disabled, TG pulls high, and the SS pin pulls low. The device begins a new soft-start sequence when the voltage at OVLO has fallen 25mV below the threshold. Continuing the previous equation, the desired value of R3 is 8k for an OVLO threshold of 32V. Subtract this from the previous value of R2 in order to find the value of R2A. In our case, R3 = 8.06k and the closest 1% resistor for the new R2A value is 13.3k. The thresholds are recalculated if desired from the expanded divider ratios: R1 VUV(FALLING) = 1.23 • 1+ R2A +R3 R1 VUV(RISING) = 1.305 • 1+ + 2µA •R1 R2A +R3 Although it is possible to connect this pin with an independent resistor divider, the component count is minimized by splitting the bottom resistance of the standard EN/UVLO divider to generate an additional tap point. R1+R2A VOV(RISING) = 1.23 • 1+ R3 VIN R1+R2A VOV(FALLING) = 1.205 • 1+ R3 R1 EN/UVLO LT3952 R2A R3 In our example: 0VLO 3952 F02 R1 = 187k, R2A = 13.3k, R3 = 8.06k Figure 2 VUV(FALLING) = 11.998V Using the previous values of R1 and R2 from the UVLO section, the new R3 value is computed using the desired rising threshold by: VUV(RISING) = 13.104V VOV(RISING) = 31.796V VOV(FALLING) = 31.151V R1+R2 R3 = 1.23 • VOV(RISING) The middle resistor will be designated R2A. To obtain the value for R2A, subtract the calculated value of R3 from the old R2 value. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 15 LT3952 OPERATION 300 The LED current is programmed through the combination of an external sense resistor and a voltage on the CTRL pin. The CTRL voltage adjusts the setpoint of the current sense amplifier on the ISP and ISN pins from 0mV to 250mV, and the external sense resistor defines the output current for a given setpoint. The current sense resistor is typically placed at the top of the LED strand, although the rail-to-rail ISP/ISN inputs allow placement at the bottom of the strand as well. 250 ISP-ISN (mV) LED Current Control and Monitor 200 150 100 50 0 0 0.5 1 CTRL (V) 1.5 2 3952 F04 ISP RLED LT3952 Figure 4 SENSED CURRENT ISN The required CTRL voltage for a desired analog setpoint is computed by: 3952 F03 Figure 3 VCTRL = 0.2 + 4 • VISP-ISN The required sense resistor for a desired output current is computed by: RLED = VISP-ISN IOUT In the case of the fixed 250mV setpoint: RLED = 0.25 IOUT LED Current Monitoring For example, a 500mA output requires a 0.5Ω sense resistor when using the fixed 250mV setpoint. In adjustable mode, the working range of CTRL is from 0.2V to 1.2V and adjusts the setpoint of ISP and ISN from 0mV to 250mV. In this manner, analog dimming is achieved. 16 As the CTRL voltage nears 1.2V, a crossover from adjustable threshold to a precision internal 250mV setpoint takes place and some nonlinearity occurs as shown in the ISP-ISN vs CTRL graph in the Typical Performance Characteristics. It is therefore desirable to drive the CTRL pin well above 1.2V when the 250mV setpoint is desired. Tying CTRL to the 2V VREF output is an excellent method of doing so. The ISMON pin provides a buffered output representing the differential voltage on ISP-ISN for current monitoring applications. The normal working range of ISMON is from 0V to 1V, and the gain from ISP-ISN to ISMON is 4. This corresponds to a 1V output at ISMON when the ISP-ISN differential voltage has reached the 250mV maximum. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 OPERATION External PWM Dimming The PWM pin, in combination with an external PMOS transistor driven from the TG pin, allows on/off control and PWM dimming of the LED current. The PWM pin has a fixed 1.2V threshold, and driving PWM higher than 1.2V enables the device for switching and causes the TG pin to drive to a level roughly 7.5V lower than the voltage at ISP. During the low time of PWM, the TG pin is driven to the voltage at ISP to turn off the external PMOS, and the LT3952 is put into a low power standby state. Switching and the error amplifiers are disabled and the VC pin is three-stated to preserve the value of VC voltage for accelerated start-up upon the next rising edge of PWM. The CTRL pin also offers a PWM function to allow analog and digital dimming on a single pin. Below 0.1V on CTRL, the device is also put into standby mode with SW, TG, and the error amplifiers disabled. Keep in mind that between 0.2V and 0.1V on CTRL, the device is not disabled, although the output current is commanded to 0. The value of VC reduces towards the minimum, and TG keeps the output PMOS enabled, which discharges the output through the LED lamps. For effective PWM dimming using the CTRL pin, please ensure that the low voltage on CTRL is below 0.1V. This is easily obtained using an external open-drain device to pull down a resistor divider used to generate the CTRL setpoint. Alternately, enabling and disabling a DAC output driving CTRL also gives excellent results. pull-up and pull-down current sources generate a triangle waveform on the PWM pin whose peak and valley points are defined by the voltage on the DIM pin and whose frequency is defined by the external capacitor. VPWM-VALLEY = VDIM VPWM-PEAK = VDIM + 950mV fPWM = 5200 CPWM (µF) 20µA LT3952 DIM VDIM + 950mV PWM VDIM 3952 F05 Figure 5 By raising and lowering the voltage on the DIM pin, the triangle wave intersects the 1.2V PWM threshold at different points, changing the PWM duty cycle. VPWM 1.2V VDIM 3952 F06 Figure 6. Lower DIM Voltage VPWM 1.2V VDIM Internal PWM Generator The PWM pin can also provide a self-oscillating PWM generator for standalone operation by simply tying a small capacitor from PWM to GND. In this configuration, 10µA 3952 F07 Figure 7. Higher DIM Voltage 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 17 LT3952 OPERATION As the DIM pin exceeds 1.2V, the PWM duty cycle will be 100%. As the DIM pin exceeds 2.3V, the internal PWM generator is disabled along with the switched 10µA pulldown on PWM. The PWM pin will continue to be pulled to INTVCC with the 10µA pull-up current. For applications utilizing external PWM dimming, it is recommended to disable the internal PWM generator by floating the DIM pin or tying it to INTVCC. This will provide the fastest PWM response for high dimming ratios. Programming the frequency of PWM dimming consists only of selecting the proper capacitor for the PWM pin according to: C (nF ) = 5200 fPWM (Hz ) For adjustable duty cycle control, an external voltage can be applied at the DIM pin using a DAC or external supply. To slowly increase the light output upon start-up or restart, a capacitor can also be used with the DIM circuit. To fade from dark to full brightness, only a capacitor is required. To fade from dark to a fixed duty cycle, place a capacitor in parallel with the DIM resistor. Upon start-up or fault retry, an internal pull-down with 2k series resistance is applied to the DIM pin to discharge any external capacitor before the start-up sequence begins. Be aware that this will temporarily load an external voltage applied to DIM. A common selection is 39nF for roughly 133Hz. LT3952 Programming the PWM duty cycle consists of setting a voltage on the DIM pin according to: VDIM(V) = 0.95 •Duty + 0.25 DIM LT3952 DIM 3952 F08 As shown in Figure 5, a single resistor in combination with the 20µA output current of DIM can be used to program the duty cycle. Figure 8. Fade on to Full Brightness, or to Preset Duty RDIM(kΩ) = 47.5 •Duty +12.5 18 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 OPERATION Input Current Limit The LT3952 provides adjustable input current limiting through the IVINP/IVINN/IVINCOMP amplifier. Connect the IVINP and IVINN sensing terminals across a resistor in series with the input. A 20x amplified version of the IVINP–IVINN differential is generated at IVINCOMP. A capacitor at IVINCOMP provides filtering and averaging of the input ripple. As the average IVINP–IVINN differential reaches 60mV, the IVINCOMP voltage will reach its 1.2V regulation threshold and the cycle-by-cycle switch current will be reduced. In this manner, the input current is regulated to 60mV differential between IVINP and IVINN. RSENSE (mΩ ) = 60mV IIN(LIM ) ( A ) For example, a 2.4A input current limit is programmed with a 25mΩ sense resistor. SENSED CURRENT RIVIN IVINP Input Current Monitor An input current monitor is available as the voltage on IVINCOMP, which reflects a voltage equal to 20× the IVINP-IVINN differential voltage and has a working range of 0V to 1.2V as the IVINP-IVINN voltage varies from 0mV to 60mV. IVINCOMP is a high impedance output and should not be loaded. Averaging of current sense ripple, and compensation of the feedback loop is achieved using a 1µF capacitor from IVINCOMP to GND. Output Voltage Regulation/Limiting The LT3952 provides a voltage-feedback error amplifier through the FB pin to provide output voltage regulation and limiting for open-LED protection. In the case of an open-LED strand, the current commanded by CTRL is never achieved and the device continues to drive the output voltage higher. If left unchecked, this could result in overvoltage damage to the external components and the power switch itself, and therefore an output voltage limit is required. IVINN LT3952 IVINCOMP 3952 F09 Figure 9 In some cases, such as deep discontinuous conduction, a large input ripple current may cause the input current limit to activate early, cutting into the typical regulation profile. In this situation, it is possible to filter the ripple down to a smoother level using an external RC network. By connecting FB to a resistor divider between VOUT and GND, the maximum output voltage regulates at the 1.2V threshold of the FB pin. The maximum output voltage is computed as follows: RIVIN CFLT Be aware that input current on start-up and PWM dimming is larger than steady state due to the output current required to fill the output capacitor. It is recommended to set the input limit appropriately to prevent interruption of the regulated output. R4 VOUT ( V ) = 1.2 • 1+ R5 VOUT RFLT LT3952 IVINP R4 FB IVINN R5 LT3952 3952 F11 IVINCOMP Figure 11 3952 F10 Figure 10 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 19 LT3952 OPERATION A simple method to determine the proper resistor values is to choose a value of R5 that draws a tolerable amount of current at the 1.2V regulation point, and to compute R4 by using: R4 = ( VOUT – 1.2) • R5 1.2 The OPENLED pin pulls low when the following two conditions are met: 1.The voltage at FB rises to within 45mV of the 1.2V regulation point. 2. The output current is detected to be less than one-tenth of the value commanded by CTRL. For example, R5 = 24k draws 50μA at the regulation point, and for a 24V output limit, the desired value of R4 is 456k. The closest standard value to this is 453k, providing 23.85V output voltage limit. It is necessary to set the regulation point slightly higher than the worst-case voltage drop of the LEDs to avoid cut-in of the voltage limit during normal regulation. Open LED Flag and Overvoltage Protection The LT3952 provides an indicator of the open-LED condition on the OPENLED pin, as well as an internal overvoltage detection to prevent output overshoot if the LED strand goes open under load. Both of these features are based on the voltage at the FB pin. The OPENLED pin consists of an open-drain NMOS pull down to be connected with an external pull-up resistor to the user’s desired voltage. This pin tolerates up to 42V, and has a pull-down strength of 60Ω. Please be aware of power dissipation and keep the OPENLED current to a few mA maximum. The OPENLED pin releases when the voltage at FB falls to 65mV below the 1.2V regulation point. This sequence prevents false OPENLED flags from momentary overshoot. An overvoltage condition is detected by the voltage at FB rising to 30mV above the 1.2V regulation point. Upon detection of an overvoltage condition, the switching is disabled and TG is pulled high to disconnect and protect the load. Switching is re-enabled when the FB voltage falls by 15mV. An overvoltage condition does not affect the state of the OPENLED pin. Switching Frequency The switching frequency is programmed with a resistor from the RT pin to GND. The RT pin is regulated to 1.2V, and the output current of RT adjusts the oscillator frequency. LT3952 RT RT 3952 F12 Figure 12 20 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 OPERATION The overall switching period is defined by the sum of two parts: a fixed 50ns off-time that defines DMAX, and a variable time defined by the RT current. To determine the proper RT value for a desired switching frequency, using the following equation: R T (kΩ ) = 88.9 fSW (MHz)1.13 For example, a 2MHz switching frequency results in a desired RT resistance of 40.6k, which has 40.2k as the closest standard value. Table 1 provides some commonly used values. Table 1. Switching Frequency vs RT Value fSW (MHz) RT (kΩ) 3.0 25.5 2.0 40.2 1.0 90.9 0.4 243 0.215 470 Frequency Synchronization and Spread Spectrum The LT3952 SYNC pin acts as both an external clock input for frequency synchronization and the enable signal for internal spread spectrum feature. Tie the SYNC/SPRD pin low for fixed-frequency internal clock, tie to INTVCC for spread-spectrum internal clock, or drive with an external clock for frequency synchronization with no internal spread spectrum. When synchronizing to an external clock, the RT resistor should be chosen to program a switching frequency 20% lower than the external clock frequency. Even when synchronizing, a soft-start cycle will first start the oscillator in frequency foldback to minimize inrush current. As the soft-start cycle nears completion, the device will then transition to the external frequency. When the SYNC/SPRD pin is tied high for greater than 32 clock cycles, the device will enable spread-spectrum clocking for EMI reduction. By continuously varying the oscillator frequency, spread spectrum distributes the EMI power generated during the switching cycle over a group of frequencies rather than concentrating it at a single frequency. Therefore, the measured EMI power at any single frequency is reduced compared to that of fixedfrequency operation. In spread-spectrum mode, the oscillator frequency is varied in a pseudorandom manner from the nominal frequency to 31% above nominal in 1% steps. This unidirectional adjustment allows LT3952 to avoid a sensitive band in the system simply by programming the nominal frequency slightly above it. The proportional step size allows the user to easily determine RT value for their specified EMI test bin size, and the pseudorandom method provides tone suppression from the frequency variation itself. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 21 LT3952 OPERATION The pseudorandom value is updated proportionally to the oscillator frequency, using a rate of fSW/32. This rate allows multiple passes of the entire group of frequencies during standard EMI test dwell times. 90 AMPLITUDE (dBµV) 80 Boost: SSFM OFF 70 60 SSFM ON 50 40 30 20 0 LBOOST ≥ ( VIN(MIN) VLED(MAX) – VIN(MIN) ) VLED(MAX) •1A • fSW Buck: 10 ( 3952 F14 START 700kHz RES BW 9kHz VBW 90kHz END 1.7MHz DWELL TIME 10ms (250 Hz) Figure 13. Average Conducted EMI – 1MHz Inductor selection consists of two parameters: saturation current rating and inductance value. A higher switching frequency allows the use of a smaller inductance value at the expense of increased switching loss. The saturation current rating of the inductor is selected appropriately for the 4A current limit of the device. An approximation for maximum inductor current (efficiency = 100%) is based on the maximum LED current and the input/output ratio: VLED(MAX) IL(MAX) ( A ) = •I VIN(MIN) LED LBUCK ≥ VLED(MAX) VIN(MIN) – VLED(MAX) ) VIN(MIN) •1A • fSW Buck-Boost: Inductor Selection 22 The maximum steady-state inductor current, IL(MAX), should be less than 3A to allow for current ripple and transient response. The desired inductance is determined based on the steady-state current ripple. A typical rule of thumb is to set the inductor current ripple to a maximum of 25% of the switch current limit. VIN(MIN) • VLED(MAX) V LED(MAX) + VIN(MIN) LBB ≥ fSW •1A Table 2 provides some recommended inductor vendors. Table 2. Inductor Manufacturers VENDOR WEB Wurth Elektronik www.we-online.com Coilcraft www.coilcraft.com Cooper www.cooperet.com 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 OPERATION Output Capacitor Selection Schottky Rectifier Selection In the case of driving LEDs, their exponential current/ voltage characteristic dictates that output voltage ripple translates almost directly to LED current ripple. Although the effect is not visible to the eye, large LED current ripple may affect the output current accuracy and color spectrum and it is therefore advisable to keep the output voltage ripple below a few percent. The power Schottky diode conducts the switching current during the switch off-time. Select a diode rated for at least 1.5 • ILED to account for current variation from efficiency and inductor ripple. The reverse-breakdown voltage should be at least 20% greater than the maximum reverse voltage expected in circuit. For the boost and buck-boost topologies, output current is delivered in pulses and the filtering requirement is higher than for the buck topology with its continuous output current. Assuming a low ESR ceramic capacitor and 25% inductor current ripple, use the following equations to compute the required output capacitance for a desired output ripple voltage, ∆VLED. Boost, Buck-Boost: COUT = ILED • ( VLED – VIN ) VLED • ∆VLED • fSW Buck: COUT = 0.3 •ILED 8 • ∆VLED • fSW The input capacitor is also selected based on desired voltage ripple. Complementary to output capacitor selection, the discontinuous input current of the buck topology requires more filtering than the continuous input current of the boost or buck-boost. Use the following equations to determine the input capacitance required for a desired input ripple voltage, ∆VIN. A high side PMOS disconnect switch with a minimum VTH of –2V is recommended in most LT3952 applications. This switch is enabled and disabled during PWM dimming, and disconnects the output in shutdown and during fault conditions. Select a PMOS transistor with a VDS rating greater than the open-LED regulation voltage set by FB, and with a continuous current rating greater than ILED. Soft-Start 0.3 •ILED • The LT3952 incorporates flexible soft-start and the option of hiccup or latchoff mode for customizing fault response. The SS pin provides a 25μA pull-up current for charging, a 2.5μA pull-down current for discharging, and a 120Ω NMOS pull-down switch for clearing an external softstart capacitor. The state of each of these components is determined by the soft-start/fault sequence, and will be described herein. VIN •ILED • ( VIN – VLED ) ∆VIN • VIN2 • fSW Shutdown Mode: During shutdown mode, all SS currents and the pull-down switch are disabled, effectively Boost, Buck-Boost: VLED VIN CIN = 8 • ∆VIN • fSW Buck: The LT3952 uses an internal transconductance error amplifier whose VC output compensates the control loop. The external inductor, output capacitor and the compensation resistor and capacitor determine the loop stability. The inductor and output capacitor are chosen based on performance, size and cost. The compensation resistor and capacitor at VC are selected to optimize control loop response and stability. For typical LED applications, a 6.8nF to 10nF compensation capacitor at VC is adequate, and a series resistor increases the slew rate on the VC pin to maintain tighter regulation of LED current during fast transients on the input supply of the converter. External PMOS Disconnect/PWM Switch Input Capacitor Selection CIN = Loop Compensation 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 23 LT3952 OPERATION three-stating the SS pin. This is to avoid sinking quiescent current in the case that an external resistor pull-up is connected to SS. When the device leaves shutdown mode, the NMOS pulldown switch is activated to clear the voltage at the soft-start capacitor. The device waits in this state until the voltage at SS drops below 0.2V, and until start-up is enabled as defined by PWM > 1.2V and CTRL > 100mV. If both enable signals are already valid upon leaving shutdown mode, the NMOS pull-down is activated for 10µs longer than is required to pull the SS voltage below 0.2V. In all cases, this action provides a start-up profile where the initial voltage at SS can be considered approximately 0V. In the event that the device is shut down by EN/UVLO or the INTVCC voltage dropping below 2.68V, the SS pin initially goes high impedance and then restarts the clear, charge sequence as described. Start-Up Mode: Once start-up is enabled by PWM and CTRL both valid, the NMOS pull-down switch is disabled and the 25μA charging current is enabled. The voltage at SS begins ramping in a linear manner until it reaches 0.2V, at which point switching and the TG driver are enabled. From 0.2V to 1.7V on SS, the frequency and the current limit are increased linearly with SS voltage to provide a smooth start-up profile with low inrush current. The required soft-start capacitor for a desired start-up time is computed from the 1.5V range of SS and the 25μA charge current. CSS (nF) = 16.67 • tSS (ms) For example, a soft-start time of roughly 0.5ms is generated with an 8.2nF capacitor. Depending on output and load conditions the device may enter regulation before SS reaches 1.7V, however it is the combination of the 1.7V threshold and the sensing of at least one-tenth of the output current defined by CTRL that signifies the successful completion of soft-start. This becomes important when start-up is enabled by a low duty cycle PWM signal. The explanation is as follows: A low duty cycle PWM signal could cause excessive start-up times if it were allowed to interrupt the softstart sequence. Therefore, once start-up is initiated by 24 PWM > 1.2V and CTRL > 150mV, it temporarily ignores a logical disable by either of those signals. The device continues to soft-start with switching and TG enabled until either the voltage at SS reaches the 1.7V level, or the output current reaches one-tenth of the full-scale value. At this point the device begins following the dimming control as designated by PWM or CTRL. If at any time an output overcurrent is detected, SW and TG will be disabled even as SS continues to charge. This will be discussed in further detail in the Fault Handling section. PWM 2V/DIV LATCHED STARTUP BEGINS NORMAL PWM CYCLE SS 2V/DIV SW 20V/DIV ILED 200mA/DIV OUTPUT READY: LATCHED STARTUP ENDS 10ms/DIV 3952 F15 Figure 14. PWM Latched Startup One note is when PWM dimming using CTRL, the output current is commanded to zero during the low time of CTRL even as the soft-start voltage rises. Fault Handling: Although the fault handling sequence may change based on the soft-start conditions, the switching is disabled and the TG driver immediately pulls high upon detection of an output overcurrent fault. This provides safe output disconnect even in the case of a dead short on the output. When an overcurrent is detected and TG and SW are disabled, SS is still required to charge to the 1.7V upper threshold before it begins discharging back down using the 2.5μA current source. If SS is already at or above 1.7V, it begins discharging immediately upon the disable of TG and SW. If SS is still in the start-up phase when an output overcurrent fault is detected, then SS continues charging even as TG and SW are disabled. It charges to the 1.7V level before reversing direction and discharging to the 0.2V level with the 2.5μA current source. This provides additional delay to allow the system to recover from the overcurrent condition. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 OPERATION Once SS has discharged to the 0.2V level, the sequence of clearing SS with the 120Ω NMOS pull-down and restarting the 25μA charge phase reoccurs as previously described. Switching and TG are not re-enabled until SS again climbs to the 0.2V threshold. If at this point an overcurrent is still detected, then SW and TG are again disabled as SS continues to climb to the 1.7V threshold before reversing direction. In this manner, a hiccup retry cycle is obtained with a maximum switching duty cycle of 10%, the ratio of 25μA pull-up to 2.5μA pull-down currents. This low hiccup duty cycle reduces input power during sustained overload conditions. 1.7V SS 0.2V Figure 15. SS in Sustained Hiccup Mode SHORTLED 3952 F13 If a latched-off response is desired, a user simply sets a pull-up resistor from INTVCC to SS with a value low enough to prevent SS from discharging to the 0.2V level. For the low pull-down current of 2.5μA, even a relatively large value of 750k to INTVCC prevents SS from reaching the automatic retry threshold and effectively provides a fault latchoff. At this point, a manual retry is obtained by entering and exiting shutdown mode, upon which the 120Ω NMOS pull-down clears the SS voltage in preparation for retry. SHORTLED Flag: The LT3952 provides an open-drain SHORTLED pin to flag the overcurrent detection. This pin is connected with a pull-up resistor to the user’s voltage (up to 42V), and has a pull-down strength of 60Ω. Please be aware of power dissipation and keep the pull-up current to a few mA maximum. The SHORTLED pull-down activates immediately upon detection of a fault and stays on throughout the charge/ discharge phase of the hiccup cycle. The pull-down releases as the SS capacitor is cleared to 0V during the restart phase and stays released as SS re-charges to the 0.2V retry threshold. If at this point a fault is again detected, the pin is again pulled down as the hiccup retry cycle continues. For the user detecting fault with an IRQ, this falling edge is used to count a desired number of faults before full system shutdown, or the rising edge is used to prepare the system for a new start-up cycle. Board Layout The high speed operation of the LT3952 demands careful attention to board layout and component placement. The exposed pad of the package is the GND terminal of the IC and is also important for thermal management of the IC. It is crucial to achieve a good electrical and thermal contact between the exposed pad and the ground place of the board. To reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), it is important to minimize the area of the high dV/ dt switching node between the inductor, SW pins, and anode of the Schottky rectifier. Use a ground plane under the switching node to eliminate interplane coupling to sensitive signals. The length of the high dI/dt trace from the SW pin through the Schottky rectifier and filter capacitor to GND should be minimized, and the IC GND pins should be connected to the large copper area beneath the IC. The GND terminal of the INTVCC capacitor should be placed near the GND of the switching path. The ground for the VREF capacitor, the IVINCOMP capacitor, the compensation network, and other DC control signals should be star connected to the underside of the IC. Do not route high impedance signals such as FB, DIM, IVINN, RT and VC near the switching nodes, and minimize the length of their routes to avoid picking up switching noise. Since there is a small, but variable, DC bias current on the ISP/ISN/IVINP/IVINN inputs, minimize resistance in series with these pins to avoid creating an offset. Kelvin connecting these lines to the terminals of their respective sense resistors provides best performance. 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 25 LT3952 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Short-Circuit Robust Boost LED Driver with Spread Spectrum Frequency Modulation 4A INPUT LIMIT L1 10µH 15mΩ VIN 7V TO 42V D1 4.7µF EN/UVLO IVINN VIN IVINP 2.2µF 100V ×2 SW GND OVLO 1M FB 21.5k INTVCC CTRL VREF PWM ISMON DIM PWM ISMON 100k LT3952 ISN OPENLED SHORTLED VC TG INTVCC IVINCOMP 8.2nF Short LED Protection without RSS: Hiccup Mode INTVCC SYNC/SPRD SS RT 1µF 90.9k 1MHz M1 16 LED (50V) 333mA RSS 750k OPT 3.6k D1: VISHAY VS-10BQ060 L1: WURTH WE-LHMI74437349100 M1: VISHAY Si7415DN ISP 750mΩ 100k OPENLED SHORTLED 57V OPEN LED REGULATION 2.2µF 100nF 3952 TA02a Short LED Protection with RSS: Latchoff Mode VLED 20V/DIV VLED 20V/DIV SS 2V/DIV SS 2V/DIV SHORTLED 2V/DIV SHORTLED 2V/DIV ILED 1A/DIV 100ms/DIV 3952 TA02b ILED 1A/DIV LED Current vs Input Voltage 100ms/DIV 37961 TA02c Average Conducted EMI Comparison 350 80 SSFM OFF SSFM ON 70 345 AMPLITUDE (dBµV) LED CURRENT (mA) 60 340 335 330 50 40 30 20 325 320 26 10 0 10 20 30 VIN (V) 40 50 0 0 3952 TA02d 2 4 6 FREQUENCY (MHz) 8 10 3952 TA02e 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS SEPIC LED Driver with Input Current Limit VIN 5V TO 35V 42V TRANSIENT 4V OVLO FALLING 36.5V UVLO RISING • 100k EN/UVLO IVINN VIN IVINP OVLO 100k LT3952 VC D1: VISHAY VS-10BQ060 L1: WURTH WE-DD744874100 M1: VISHAY Si7309DN ISP ISN OPENLED SHORTLED 10nF 1M 620mΩ 100k 1k SW GND 4.7µF 35V 49.9k CTRL VREF PWM ISMON DIM OPENLED SHORTLED L1B FB 4.75k PWM ISMON D1 • 4.7µF 39.2k INTVCC 2.2µF 100V L1A 3A INPUT LIMIT 10µH 20mΩ TG INTVCC IVINCOMP 1µF INTVCC SYNC/SPRD SS RT 90.9k 1MHz 6 LED (17V) 400mA 2.2µF 100nF 3952 TA03a LED Current vs Input Voltage SEPIC Efficiency vs Input Voltage 410 100 408 90 404 EFFICIENCY (%) LED CURRENT (mA) 406 402 400 398 396 80 70 394 392 390 0 10 20 VIN (V) 30 40 60 0 3952 TA03b 10 20 VIN (V) 30 40 3952 TA03c 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 27 LT3952 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 2MHz Boost LED Driver with 4000:1 PWM Dimming and Overvoltage Protection 3A INPUT LIMIT L1 3.3µH 20mΩ VIN 7V TO 16V 40V TRANSIENT 6.1V UVLO FALLING 18.3V OVLO RISING D1 4.7µF 143k EN/UVLO VIN IVINP IVINN OVLO 100k 12.1k CTRL VREF PWM ISMON DIM 1.65Ω ISN OPENLED SHORTLED 2.2k D1: PMEG4010 L1: WURTH WE-LHMI 74437346033 M1: VISHAY Si7309DN M1 TG INTVCC VC IVINCOMP 10nF 26V OPEN LED REGULATION ISP LT3952 100k OPENLED SHORTLED 249k FB 12.1k INTVCC SW GND 24.3k PWM ISMON 4.7µF 50V 1µF RT INTVCC SYNC/SPRD SS 37.4k 2.15MHz 8 LED (22V) 150mA 2.2µF 8.2nF 3952 TA04a LED Current vs Input Voltage Efficiency Over Working Range 100 154 153 EFFICIENCY (%) LED CURRENT (mA) 90 152 151 150 80 70 149 148 6 8 10 12 VIN (V) 14 16 18 60 6 1.67µs 2.22µs 4000:1 10 12 VIN (V) 14 16 3952 TA04b High PWM Dimming Ratio PWM 1V/DIV 8 3000:1 18 3952 TA04c LED Dead Short Response 3.33µs 2000:1 VLED 10V/DIV SS 1V/DIV ILED 50mA/DIV SHORTLED 2V/DIV 400ns/DIV 28 3952 TA04d 20ms/DIV 3952 TA04e 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 3MHz Buck-Boost LED Driver with Internal PWM Dimming and Fade Start L1 2.5µH 15mΩ VIN 5V TO 35V 42V TRANSIENT 39V OVLO RISING 4.7µF 50V D1 4.7µF 1M EN/UVLO VIN IVINP IVINN OVLO 1µF 100V SW GND 31.6k 2.2µF 0.25s FADE 75k 39nF 130Hz 1M FB CTRL VREF DIM 21.5k ISP LT3952 PWM 57V LIMIT 8 LED 333mA 0.75Ω ISN INTVCC 100k 100k OPENLED SHORTLED OPENLED SHORTLED 2.4k D1: VISHAY VS-10BQ060 L1: WURTH WE-LHMI74437346025 M1: VISHAY Si7309DN 10nF TG INTVCC VC IVINCOMP 1µF Efficiency vs Input Voltage INTVCC SYNC/SPRD SS RT 25.5k 3MHz 3952 TA05a 2.2µF 100nF PWM Duty Cycle and Efficiency vs DIM Voltage 100 PWM DUTY CYCLE 100 EFFICIENCY 80 PERCENT (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 90 80 70 60 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 VIN (V) 25 30 35 VIN = 12V 0 0.5 1 1.5 DIM (V) 2 2.5 3952 TA05c 3952 TA05b Power On – Fade Start VIN 10V/DIV VLED 10V/DIV PWM 1V/DIV ILED 200mA/DIV 40ms/DIV 3952 TA05d For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 3952fa 29 LT3952 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LT3952#packaging for the most recent package drawings. FE Package 28-Lead Plastic TSSOP (4.4mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1663 Rev K) Exposed Pad Variation EB 9.60 – 9.80* (.378 – .386) 4.75 (.187) 4.75 (.187) 28 27 26 2524 23 22 21 20 1918 17 16 15 6.60 ±0.10 4.50 ±0.10 2.74 (.108) SEE NOTE 4 0.45 ±0.05 EXPOSED PAD HEAT SINK ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 6.40 2.74 (.252) (.108) BSC 1.05 ±0.10 0.65 BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 4.30 – 4.50* (.169 – .177) 0.09 – 0.20 (.0035 – .0079) 0.25 REF 0.50 – 0.75 (.020 – .030) NOTE: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS 2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES) 3. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1.20 (.047) MAX 0° – 8° 0.65 (.0256) BSC 0.195 – 0.30 (.0077 – .0118) TYP 0.05 – 0.15 (.002 – .006) FE28 (EB) TSSOP REV K 0913 4. RECOMMENDED MINIMUM PCB METAL SIZE FOR EXPOSED PAD ATTACHMENT *DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.150mm (.006") PER SIDE 3952fa For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 LT3952 REVISION HISTORY REV DATE DESCRIPTION A 01/16 Replaced reference to Note 5 to Note 4 in Absolute Maximum Table Removed Note 4 from INTVCC Dropout Voltage specification Replaced Note 5 with Note 4 Clarified SS (Pin 19) description – replaced “shutdown mode” with “start-up mode” Clarified the Block Diagram pin designators Clarified Figure 11 Clarified Open LED Flag and Overvoltage section 60mV becomes 65mV Clarifed LED Dead Short Response graph Clarifed Power On – Fade Start graph Clarifed Related Parts table PAGE NUMBER 2 3 5 11 12 19 20 28 29 32 3952fa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 31 LT3952 TYPICAL APPLICATION 3A Buck Mode LED Driver VIN 12V TO 40V 9.6V FALLING UVLO 82mΩ 1µF 50V 78.7k VIN EN/UVLO ISP ISN 12.4k TG IVINP IVINN OVLO CTRL VREF PWM DIM PWM M1 IVINCOMP LT3952 D1 INTVCC INTVCC 2.2µF 100k OPENLED SHORTLED ISMON VC SS 220Ω SHORTLED 6.8nF D1: DIODES, INC SBR3A40SA L1: WURTH WE-LHMI74437346047 M1: VISHAY Si7309DN 100nF 3 TO 9 LED (3V TO 30V) 3A L1 4.7µH 4.7µF 50V SW 2× 4.7µF 50V FB GND RT SYNC/SPRD 90.9k 1MHz 3952 TA06a LED Current vs Input Voltage Efficiency vs VIN 3.25 100 90 3 LED 3.15 EFFICIENCY (%) LED CURRENT (A) 3.20 3.10 3.05 80 70 3 LED (30W) 5 LED (50W) 7 LED (70W) 9 LED (90W) 3.00 2.95 10 20 30 VIN (V) 60 40 10 20 30 VIN (V) 3952 TA06b 40 3952 TA06c RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LT3795 110V High Side LED Controller with Spread Spectrum and Boost Short-Circuit Protection VIN: 4.5V to 110V, VOUT(MAX) = 110V, PWM Dimming = 3000:1, ISD < 10mA, TSSOP-28 Package LT3518 2.3A, 2.5MHz High Current LED Driver with 3000:1 Dimming with PMOS Disconnect FET Driver VIN: 3V to 30V, VOUT(MAX) = 45V, 3000:1 PWM Dimming, ISD < 1μA, 4mm × 4mm QFN-16 and TSSOP-16E Packages LT3755/LT3755-1/ High Side 40V, 1MHz LED Controllers with True Color LT3755-2 3000:1 PWM Dimming VIN: 4.5V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 75V, 3000:1 PWM Dimming, ISD < 1μA, 3mm × 3mm QFN-16 and MSOP-16E Packages LT3956 High Side 80V, 3.3A, 1MHz LED Driver with True Color 3000:1 PWM Dimming VIN: 6V to 80V, VOUT(MAX) = 80V, PWM Dimming = 3000:1, ISD < 1μA, 5mm × 6mm QFN-36 Package LT3761 High Side 80V, 1MHz LED Controller with 3000:1 PWM Dimming and Internal PWM Generator VIN: 4.5V to 60V, VOUT(MAX) = 80V, 3000:1 True Color PWM Dimming, Analog, ISD < 1μA, MSOP-16E Package LT3478/LT3478-1 4.5A, 2MHz High Current LED Drivers with 3000:1 Dimming VIN: 2.8V to 36V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, 3000:1 PWM Dimming, ISD < 1μA, TSSOP-16E Package LT3954 VIN: 4.5V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, True Color PWM Dimming = 3000:1, Analog, ISD < 1μA, 5mm × 6mm QFN-36 Package 32 High Side 40V, 5A 1MHz LED Driver with 3000:1 PWM Dimming and Internal PWM Generator 3952fa Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LT3952 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LT3952 LT 0116 REV A • PRINTED IN USA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2015