DATASHEET

DATASHEET
Advanced Double-Ended PWM Controller
ISL6742B
Features
The ISL6742B is a high-performance double-ended PWM
controller with advanced synchronous rectifier control and
current limit features. It is suitable for both current- and
voltage-mode control methods.
• Synchronous rectifier control outputs with adjustable
delay/advance
The ISL6742B includes complemented PWM outputs for
Synchronous Rectifier (SR) control. The complemented
outputs may be dynamically advanced or delayed relative to
the main outputs using an external control voltage.
• Adjustable average current signal
• 3% tolerance cycle-by-cycle peak current limit
• Fast current sense to output delay
• Adjustable oscillator frequency up to 2MHz
• Adjustable dead time control
Its advanced current sensing circuitry employs sample and
hold methods to provide a precise average current signal.
Suitable for average current limiting, a technique which
virtually eliminates the current tail-out common to peak
current limiting methods, it is also applicable to current
sharing circuits and average current mode control.
• Voltage- or current-mode operation
This advanced BiCMOS design features an adjustable oscillator
frequency up to 2MHz, internal over-temperature protection,
precision dead time control and short propagation delays.
Additionally, multipulse suppression ensures alternating output
pulses at low duty cycles where pulse skipping may occur.
• 175µA start-up current
ISL6742BAAZA
TEMP.
RANGE
(°C)
PART
MARKING
PACKAGE
(RoHS
Compliant)
• Adjustable soft-start
• 70ns leading edge blanking
• Pb-free (RoHS compliant)
PKG.
DWG. #
ISL6742 BAAZ -40 to +105 16 Ld QSOP M16.15A
NOTES:
1. Add “-T” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on
reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special
Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials,
and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which
is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free
soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at
Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free
requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information
page for ISL6742B. For more information on MSL, please see tech
brief TB363.
1
• Supply UVLO
• Internal over-temperature protection
ISL6742BEVAL3Z Evaluation Board
November 3, 2015
FN8565.1
• Tight tolerance error amplifier reference over line, load, and
temperature
• Multipulse suppression
Ordering Information
PART #
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
• Separate RAMP and CS inputs for voltage feed-forward or
current-mode applications
Applications
• Half-bridge, full-bridge, interleaved forward, and push-pull
converters
• Telecom and datacom power
• Wireless base station power
• File server power
• Industrial power systems
Related Literature
• AN1890, “ISL6742BEVAL3Z Power Converter 36V to 75V
Input, 12V Output Up to 10A”
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2014, 2015. All Rights Reserved
Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL6742B
Table of Contents
Pin Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Pin Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Typical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Typical Performance Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soft-Start Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gate Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overcurrent Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voltage Feed-Forward Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementing Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synchronous Rectifier Outputs and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slope Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Current Mode Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fault Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ground Plane Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
14
14
15
17
18
18
18
18
18
Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
About Intersil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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ISL6742B
Pin Configuration
ISL6742B
(16 LD QSOP)
TOP VIEW
VREF 1
16 SS
VERR 2
15 VADJ
RTD 3
14 VDD
CT 4
13 OUTA
FB 5
12 OUTB
RAMP 6
11 OUTAN
CS 7
10 OUTBN
IOUT 8
9 GND
Pin Descriptions
PIN #
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
1
VREF
The 5V reference voltage output having 3% tolerance over line, load and operating temperature. Bypass to GND with a 0.1µF to
2.2µF low ESR capacitor.
2
VERR
The VERR pin is the output of the error amplifier and controls the inverting input of the PWM comparator. Feedback compensation
components connect between VERR and FB. There is a nominal 1mA pull-up current source connected to VERR. Soft-start is
implemented as a voltage clamp on the VERR signal.
The outputs, OUTA and OUTB, reduce to 0% duty cycle when VERR is pulled below 0.6V. OUTAN and OUTBN, the complements of
OUTA and OUTB, respectively, go to 100% duty cycle when this occurs.
3
RTD
This is the oscillator timing capacitor discharge current control pin. The current flowing in a resistor connected between this pin and
GND determines the magnitude of the current that discharges CT. The CT discharge current is nominally 20x the resistor current.
The PWM dead time is determined by the timing capacitor discharge duration. The voltage at RTD is nominally 2V. The minimum
recommended value of RTD is 2.00kΩ.
4
CT
The oscillator timing capacitor is connected between this pin and GND. It is charged through an internal 200µA current source and
discharged with a user adjustable current source controlled by RTD.
5
FB
FB is the inverting input to the error amplifier (EA). The amplifier may be used as the error amplifier for voltage feedback or used
as the average current limit amplifier (IEA). If the amplifier is not used, FB should be grounded.
6
RAMP
This is the input for the sawtooth waveform for the PWM comparator. The RAMP pin is shorted to GND at the termination of the
PWM signal. A sawtooth voltage waveform is required at this input. For current-mode control this pin is connected directly to CS and
the current loop feedback signal is applied to both inputs. For voltage-mode control, the oscillator sawtooth waveform may be
buffered and used to generate an appropriate signal, or RAMP may be connected to the input voltage through an RC network for
voltage feed forward control, or RAMP may be connected to VREF through an RC network to produce the desired sawtooth
waveform.
7
CS
This is the input to the overcurrent comparator and the average current sample and hold circuit. The overcurrent comparator
threshold is set at 1V nominal. The CS pin is shorted to GND at the termination of either PWM output.
Depending on the current sensing source impedance, a series input resistor may be required due to the delay between the internal
clock and the external power switch. This delay may result in CS being discharged prior to the power switching device being turned
off.
8
IOUT
Output of the 4x buffer amplifier of the sample and hold circuitry that captures and averages the CS signal.
9
GND
Signal and power ground connections for this device. Due to high peak currents and high frequency operation, a low impedance
layout is necessary. Ground planes and short traces are highly recommended.
11, 10 OUTAN and These outputs are the complements of OUTA and OUTB, respectively. These outputs are suitable for control of synchronous
OUTBN
rectifiers. The phase relationship between each output and its complement is set by a control voltage applied to VADJ.
13, 12 OUTA and These paired outputs are the pulse width modulated outputs for controlling the switching FETs in alternate sequence.
OUTB
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ISL6742B
Pin Descriptions
PIN #
SYMBOL
14
VDD
(Continued)
DESCRIPTION
VDD is the power connection for the IC. To optimize noise immunity, bypass VDD to GND with a 0.1µF or larger high frequency
ceramic capacitor as close to the VDD and GND pins as possible.
VDD is monitored for supply voltage Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO). The start and stop thresholds track each other resulting in
relatively constant hysteresis.
15
VADJ
A 0V to 5V control voltage applied to this input sets the relative delay or advance between OUTA/OUTB and OUTAN/OUTBN.
Voltages below 2.425V result in OUTAN/OUTBN being advanced relative to OUTA/OUTB. Voltages above 2.575V result in
OUTAN/OUTBN being delayed relative to OUTA/OUTB. A voltage of 2.50V ±75mV results in zero phase difference. A weak internal
50% divider from VREF results in no phase delay if this input is left floating.
The range of phase delay/advance is either zero or 40ns to 300ns with the phase differential increasing as the voltage deviation
from 2.5V increases. The relationship between the control voltage and phase differential is nonlinear. The gain (t/V) is low for
control voltages near 2.5V and rapidly increases as the voltage approaches the extremes of the control range. This behavior
provides the designer increased accuracy when selecting a shorter delay/advance duration.
When the PWM outputs are delayed relative to the SR outputs (VADJ <2.425V), the delay time should not exceed 90% of the dead
time as determined by RTD and CT.
16
SS
Connect the soft-start timing capacitor between this pin and GND to control the duration of soft-start. The value of the capacitor
determines the rate of increase of the duty cycle during start-up. Although no minimum value of capacitance is required, it is
recommended that a value of at least 100pF be used for noise immunity.
SS may also be used to inhibit the outputs by grounding through a small transistor in an open collector/drain configuration.
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Functional Block Diagram
VDD
OUTA
VDD
OUTB
VREF
DELAY/
ADVANCE
TIMING
CONTROL
PWM
STEERING
LOGIC
UVLO
OUTAN
5
OVERTEMPERATURE
PROTECTION
OUTBN
VADJ
GND
SAMPLE
AND
HOLD
VREF
IOUT
+
-
4X
CS
1.00V
+70ns
LEADING
EDGE
BLANKING
OVERCURRENT
COMPARATOR
RTD
OSCILLATOR
PWM
COMPARATOR
VREF
VREF
80mV
1mA
+
0.33
SS
SOFT-START
CONTROL
FIGURE 1. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
VERR
+
-
0.6V
FB
ISL6742B
RAMP
CT
FN8565.1
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Typical Applications
L1
VIN+
Q3
Q1
Q5
+VOUT
+
C16
C22
C2
T1
C15
C23
R16
RTN
R13
C1
Q4
6
T2
Q2
R1
Q6
R17
EL7212
C17
R15
R25
U5
U6
C7
C3
EL7212
CR4
R9
36V TO 75V
C18
T3
C14
CR
3
CR2
CR1
U1
HIP2100
U2
ISL6742B
C13
1 VREF
2 VERR
VIN-
3 RTD
4 CT
R2
VDD 14
R23
OUTA 13
OUTB 12
8 IOUT
R5
C8
R20
R4
GND 9
R21
R10
C9
C12
C11
C10
C19
C20
R18
R11
R6
C6
R22
5 FB
6 RAMP OUTAN 11
7 CS
OUTBN 10
R3
VR1
R19
SS 16
VADJ 15
R12
C21
U3
VR
2
FIGURE 2. TYPICAL APPLICATION - TELECOM PRIMARY SIDE CONTROL HALF-BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFICATION
U4
TL431
R24
ISL6742B
+VOUT
C5
Q7
C24
R7
VDD LO
HB VSS
HO LI
HS HI
C4
R14
R8
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Typical Applications (Continued)
VIN+
Q1
R13
Q5A
Q5B
CR4
CR3
T3
C9
R14
Q6A
Q6B
Q2
C10
T1
R16
7
R15
+ VOUT
L1
Q16
C20
C19
400 VDC
+
C21 +
C11
C1
R17
Q4
R12
Q7A
Q7B
CR5
CR6
R11
C8
CR2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
R21
C12
R9
R7
R6
RETURN
Q12A
Q12B
Q13A
Q13B
R10
T2
CR1
C18
R8
ISL6742B
C6
VREF
Q15
Q3
C7
Q11A
Q11B
VIN-
Q8A
Q8B
Q15
SS 16
VREF
VERR VADJ 15
VDD 14
RTD
OUTA 13
CT
OUTB 12
FB
RAMP OUTAN 11
OUTBN 10
CS
IOUT
GND 9
R20
Q14A
Q14B
C17
C16
U1
ISL6742B
CR7
C3
SECONDARY
BIAS
SUPPLY
C13
VREF
R22
C4
C2
R5
R2
R18
R4
R3
C5
C14
C15
R23
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
FIGURE 3. TYPICAL APPLICATION - HIGH VOLTAGE INPUT SECONDARY SIDE CONTROL FULL-BRIDGE CONVERTER
U3
+
C22
R19
ISL6742B
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
(Note 4)
Supply Voltage, VDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to +20.0V
OUTxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VDD
Signal Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VREF + 0.3V
VREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GND - 0.3V to 6.0V
Peak GATE Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.1A
ESD Classification
Human Body Model (Per MIL-STD-883 Method 3015.7) . . . . . . . . . . 2kV
Charged Device Model (Per EOS/ESD DS5.3, 4/14/93). . . . . . . . . . 1kV
Machine Model (Per EIA/JESD22-A115-A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75V
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
JA (°C/W) JC (°C/W)
16 Lead QSOP (Notes 5, 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
48
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55°C to +150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65°C to +150°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB493
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +105°C
Supply Voltage Range (Typical). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9VDC to 16VDC
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. All voltages are with respect to GND.
5. JA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
6. For JC, the “case temp” location is taken at the package top center.
Electrical Specifications
Recommended operating conditions unless otherwise noted. Refer to Figure 1 on page 5, Figure 2 on page 6
and Figure 3 on page 7. 9V < VDD < 16V, RTD = 10.0kΩ, CT = 470pF, TA = -40°C to +105°C, Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across
the operating temperature range, -40°C to +105°C
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 7)
TYP
MAX
(Note 7)
UNIT
-
-
20
V
-
175
400
µA
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Supply Voltage
Start-Up Current, IDD
VDD = 5.0V
Operating Current, IDD
RLOAD, COUT = 0
-
7.5
12.0
mA
UVLO START Threshold
8.00
8.75
9.00
V
UVLO STOP Threshold
6.50
7.00
7.50
V
-
1.75
-
V
4.850
5.000
5.150
V
-
3
-
mV
Hysteresis
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
Overall Accuracy
IVREF = 0mA to -10mA
Long Term Stability
TA = +125°C, 1000 hours (Note 8)
Operational Current (Source)
-10
-
-
mA
5
-
-
mA
VREF = 4.00V
-15
-
-100
mA
VERR = VREF
0.97
1.00
1.03
V
Operational Current (Sink)
Current Limit
CURRENT SENSE
Current Limit Threshold
CS to OUT Delay
Excl. LEB (Note 8)
Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) Duration
(Note 8)
CS to OUT Delay + LEB
TA = +25°C
-
35
50
ns
50
70
100
ns
-
-
130
ns
CS Sink Current Device Impedance
VCS = 0.7V
-
-
20
Ω
Input Bias Current
VCS = 0.3V
-1.0
-
1.0
µA
IOUT Sample and Hold Buffer Amplifier Gain
TA = +25°C
4.00
4.09
4.15
V/V
IOUT Sample and Hold VOH
VCS = 1.00V, ILOAD = -300µA
3.9
-
-
V
IOUT Sample and Hold VOL
VCS = 0.00V, ILOAD = 10µA
-
-
0.3
V
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8
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
ISL6742B
Electrical Specifications
Recommended operating conditions unless otherwise noted. Refer to Figure 1 on page 5, Figure 2 on page 6
and Figure 3 on page 7. 9V < VDD < 16V, RTD = 10.0kΩ, CT = 470pF, TA = -40°C to +105°C, Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across
the operating temperature range, -40°C to +105°C (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 7)
TYP
MAX
(Note 7)
UNIT
-
-
20
Ω
RAMP
RAMP Sink Current Device Impedance
VRAMP = 0.2V
RAMP to PWM Comparator Offset
TA = +25°C
65
80
95
mV
Bias Current
VRAMP = 0.3V
-5.0
-
-2.0
µA
Clamp Voltage
(Note 8)
6.5
-
8.0
V
SS = 3V
-60
-70
-80
µA
4.410
4.500
4.590
V
10
-
-
mA
0.23
0.27
0.33
V
-
VREF
V
SOFT-START
Charging Current
SS Clamp Voltage
SS Discharge Current
SS = 2V
Reset Threshold Voltage
TA = +25°C
ERROR AMPLIFIER
Input Common Mode (CM) Range
(Note 8)
0
GBWP
(Note 8)
5
-
-
MHz
VERR VOL
ILOAD = 2mA
-
-
0.4
V
VERR VOH
ILOAD = 0mA
4.20
-
-
V
VERR Pull-Up Current Source
VERR = 2.50V
EA Reference
TA = +25°C
EA Reference + EA Input Offset Voltage
0.8
1.0
1.3
mA
0.594
0.600
0.606
V
0.590
0.600
0.612
V
PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR
Minimum Duty Cycle
VERR < 0.6V
-
-
0
%
Maximum Duty Cycle (Per Half-cycle)
VERR = 4.20V, VRAMP = 0V,
VCS = 0V (Note 9)
-
94
-
%
RTD = 2.00kΩ, CT = 220pF
-
97
-
%
RTD = 2.00kΩ, CT = 470pF
-
99
-
%
0.85
-
1.20
V
Zero Duty Cycle VERR Voltage
VERR to PWM Comparator Input Offset
TA = +25°C
0.7
0.8
0.9
V
0.31
0.33
0.35
V/V
(Note 8)
0
-
4.45
V
Frequency Accuracy, Overall
(Note 8)
165
183
201
kHz
-10
-
+10
%
Frequency Variation with VDD
TA = +25°C, (F20V- - F10V)/F10V
-
0.3
1.7
%
Temperature Stability
VDD = 10V, |F-40°C - F0°C|/F0°C
(Note 8)
-
4.5
-
%
|F0°C - F105°C|/F25°C
(Note 8)
-
1.5
-
%
TA = +25°C, VCS = 1.8V
-189
-200
-211
µA
19
21
23
µA/µA
CT Valley Voltage
Static Threshold
0.75
0.80
0.88
V
CT Peak Voltage
Static Threshold
2.75
2.80
2.88
V
CT Pk-Pk Voltage
Static Value
1.92
2.00
2.05
V
1.97
2.00
2.03
V
VERR to PWM Comparator Input Gain
Common Mode (CM) Input Range
OSCILLATOR
Charge Current
Discharge Current Gain
RTD Voltage
OUTPUT
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9
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
ISL6742B
Electrical Specifications
Recommended operating conditions unless otherwise noted. Refer to Figure 1 on page 5, Figure 2 on page 6
and Figure 3 on page 7. 9V < VDD < 16V, RTD = 10.0kΩ, CT = 470pF, TA = -40°C to +105°C, Typical values are at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across
the operating temperature range, -40°C to +105°C (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 7)
TYP
MAX
(Note 7)
UNIT
High Level Output Voltage (VOH)
IOUT = -10mA, VDD - VOH
-
0.5
1.0
V
Low Level Output Voltage (VOL)
IOUT = 10mA, VOL - GND
-
0.5
1.0
V
Rise Time
COUT = 220pF, VDD = 15V (Note 8)
-
110
200
ns
Fall Time
COUT = 220pF, VDD = 15V (Note 8)
-
90
150
ns
UVLO Output Voltage Clamp (Note 8)
VDD = 7V, ILOAD = 1mA (Note 10)
-
-
1.25
V
Output Delay/Advance Range
OUTAN/OUTBN Relative to OUTA/OUTB
VADJ = 2.50V (Note 8)
-
-
3
ns
-40
-
-300
ns
VADJ > 2.575V
40
-
300
ns
OUTxN Delayed
2.575
-
5.000
V
0
-
2.425
V
VADJ = 0
280
300
320
ns
VADJ = 0.5V
92
105
118
ns
Delay Control Voltage Range
OUTAN/OUTBN Relative to OUTA/OUTB
VADJ Delay Time
VADJ < 2.425V
OUTx Delayed
TA = +25°C (OUTx Delayed) (Note 11)
VADJ = 1.0V
61
70
80
ns
VADJ = 1.5V
48
55
65
ns
VADJ = 2.0V
41
50
58
ns
TA = +25°C (OUTxN Delayed)
VADJ = VREF
280
300
320
ns
VADJ = VREF - 0.5V
86
100
114
ns
VADJ = VREF - 1.0V
59
68
77
ns
VADJ = VREF - 1.5V
47
55
62
ns
VADJ = VREF - 2.0V
41
48
55
ns
THERMAL PROTECTION
Thermal Shutdown
(Note 8)
130
140
150
°C
Thermal Shutdown Clear
(Note 8)
115
125
135
°C
Hysteresis, Internal Protection
(Note 8)
-
15
-
°C
NOTES:
7. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization
and are not production tested.
8. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
9. This is the maximum duty cycle achievable using the specified values of RTD and CT. Larger or smaller maximum duty cycles may be obtained using
other values for these components. See Equations 1 through 3 on page 11.
10. Adjust VDD below the UVLO stop threshold prior to setting at 7V.
11. When OUTx is delayed relative to OUTLxN (VADJ < 2.425V), the delay duration as set by VADJ should not exceed 90% of the CT discharge time (dead
time) as determined by CT and RTD.
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10
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
ISL6742B
Typical Performance Curves
25
CT DISCHARGE CURRENT GAIN
NORMALIZED VREF
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
-40
-25
-10
5
20
35
50
65
80
95
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
110
0
200
400
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 4. REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE
1000
1•103
FREQUENCY (kHz)
DEAD TIME (ns)
800
FIGURE 5. CT DISCHARGE CURRENT GAIN vs RTD CURRENT
1•104
1•103
CT =
1000pF
680pF
470pF
330pF
220pF
100pF
100
10
600
RTD CURRENT (µA)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
RTD (kΩ)
70
80
90
100
100
10
0.1
FIGURE 6. DEAD TIME (DT) vs CAPACITANCE
Functional Description
RTD =
10kΩ
50kΩ
100kΩ
1
CT (nF)
FIGURE 7. CAPACITANCE vs FREQUENCY
3
t C  11.5  10  CT
S
(EQ. 1)
Features
The ISL6742B PWM is an excellent choice for low cost bridge and
push-pull topologies in applications requiring accurate duty cycle
and dead time control. With its many protection and control
features, a highly flexible design with minimal external
components is possible. Among its many features are current- or
voltage-mode control, adjustable soft-start, peak and average
overcurrent protection, thermal protection, synchronous rectifier
outputs with variable delay/advance timing and adjustable
oscillator frequency.
Oscillator
The ISL6742B oscillator, with a programmable frequency range
to 2MHz, is set with only an external resistor and capacitor.
The switching period is the sum of the timing capacitor charge
and discharge durations. The charge duration is determined by
CT and a fixed 200µA internal current source. The discharge
duration is determined by RTD and CT.
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11
10
t D   0.06  RTD  CT  + 50  10
1
t SW = t C + t D = ---------f SW
S
–9
S
(EQ. 2)
(EQ. 3)
Where tC and tD are the charge and discharge times,
respectively, tSW is the oscillator period, and fSW is the oscillator
frequency. Since the ISL6742B is a double-ended controller, one
output switching cycle requires two oscillator cycles. The actual
charge and discharge times will be slightly longer than
calculated due to internal propagation delays of approximately
10ns/transition. This delay adds directly to the switching
duration, but also causes slight overshoot of the timing capacitor
peak and valley voltage thresholds, effectively increasing the
peak-to-peak voltage on the timing capacitor. Additionally, if very
low discharge currents are used, there will be increased error due
to the input impedance at the CT pin.
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
ISL6742B
The maximum duty cycle (D) and percent Dead Time (DT) can be
calculated from:
tC
D = ---------t SW
(EQ. 4)
DT = 1 – D
(EQ. 5)
time constant should not exceed ~50ns or significant error may be
introduced on IOUT.
Soft-Start Operation
The ISL6742B features a soft-start using an external capacitor in
conjunction with an internal current source. Soft-start reduces
component stresses and surge currents during start-up.
Upon start-up, the soft-start circuitry limits the error voltage input
(VERR) to a value equal to the soft-start voltage. The output pulse
width increases as the soft-start capacitor voltage increases. This
has the effect of increasing the duty cycle from zero to the
regulation pulse width during the soft-start period. When the
soft-start voltage exceeds the error voltage, soft-start is completed.
Soft-start occurs during start-up and after recovery from a fault
condition. The soft-start charging period may be calculated using
Equation 6:
t = 64.3  C
(EQ. 6)
ms
Where t is the charging period in ms and C is the value of the
soft-start capacitor in µF. The soft-start duration experienced by
the power supply will be less than or equal to this value,
depending on when the feedback loop takes control.
CHANNEL 1 (YELLOW): OUTA
CHANNEL 3 (BLUE): CS
CHANNEL 2 (RED): OUTB
CHANNEL 4 (GREEN): IOUT
FIGURE 8. CS INPUT vs IOUT
Figure 8 shows the relationship between the CS signal and IOUT
under steady state conditions. IOUT is 4x the average of CS.
Figure 9 shows the dynamic behavior of the current averaging
circuitry when CS is modulated by an external sine wave. Notice
IOUT is updated by the sample and hold circuitry at the
termination of the active output pulse.
The soft-start voltage is clamped to 4.50V with an overall
tolerance of 2%. It is suitable for use as a “soft-started” reference
provided the current draw is kept well below the 70µA charging
current.
The outputs may be inhibited by using the SS pin as a disable
input. Pulling SS below 0.27V forces all outputs low. An open
collector/drain configuration may be used to couple the disable
signal to the SS pin.
Gate Drive
The ISL6742B outputs are capable of sourcing and sinking 10mA
(at rated VOH, VOL) and are intended to be used in conjunction
with integrated FET drivers or discrete bipolar totem pole drivers.
The typical ON-resistance of the outputs is 50Ω.
Overcurrent Operation
Two overcurrent protection mechanisms are available to the
power supply designer. The first method is cycle-by-cycle peak
overcurrent protection, which provides fast response. The second
method is a slower, averaging method, which produces constant
or “brick-wall” current limit behavior. If voltage-mode control is
used, the average overcurrent protection also maintains flux
balance in the transformer by maintaining duty cycle symmetry
between half-cycles.
The current sense signal applied to the CS pin connects to the
peak current comparator and a sample and hold averaging circuit.
After a 70ns Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) delay, the current sense
signal is actively sampled during the on-time, the average current
for the cycle is determined, and the result is amplified by 4x and
output on the IOUT pin. If an RC filter is placed on the CS input, its
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12
CHANNEL 1 (YELLOW): OUTA
CHANNEL 3 (BLUE): CS
CHANNEL 2 (RED): OUTB
CHANNEL 4 (GREEN): IOUT
FIGURE 9. DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF CS vs IOUT
The average current signal on IOUT remains accurate provided that
the output inductor current is continuous (CCM operation). Once
the inductor current becomes discontinuous (DCM operation), IOUT
represents 1/2 the peak inductor current rather than the average
current. This occurs because the sample and hold circuitry is active
only during the on-time of the switching cycle. It is unable to detect
when the inductor current reaches zero during the off-time.
If average overcurrent limit is desired, IOUT may be used with the
available error amplifier of the ISL6742B. Typically, IOUT is
divided down and filtered as required to achieve the desired
amplitude. The resulting signal is input to the current error
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
ISL6742B
amplifier (IEA). The IEA is similar to the voltage EA found in most
PWM controllers, except it cannot source current. Instead, VERR
has a separate internal 1mA pull-up current source.
Configure the IEA as an integrating (Type I) amplifier using the
internal 0.6V reference. The voltage applied at FB is integrated
against the 0.6V reference. The resulting signal, VERR, is applied
to the PWM comparator where it is compared to the sawtooth
voltage on RAMP. If FB is less than 0.6V, the IEA will be open loop
(can’t source current), VERR will be at a level determined by the
voltage loop, and the duty cycle is unaffected. As the output load
increases, IOUT will increase, and the voltage applied to FB will
increase until it reaches 0.6V. At this point the IEA will reduce
VERR as required to maintain the output current at the level that
corresponds to the 0.6V reference. When the output current
again drops below the average current limit threshold, the IEA
returns to an open loop condition, and the duty cycle is again
controlled by the voltage loop.
The average current control loop behaves much the same as the
voltage control loop found in typical power supplies except it
regulates current rather than voltage.
The EA available on the ISL6742B may also be used as the
voltage EA for the voltage feedback control loop rather than the
current EA as described previously. An external op amp may be
used as either the current or voltage EA providing the circuit is
not allowed to source current into VERR. The external EA must
only sink current, which may be accomplished by adding a diode
in series with its output.
The 4x gain of the sample and hold buffer allows a range of
150mV to 1000mV peak on the CS signal, depending on the
resistor divider placed on IOUT. The overall bandwidth of the
average current loop is determined by the integrating current EA
compensation and the divider on IOUT.
1
ISL6742B
2 VERR
3
C10
4
5 FB
0.6V +
6
S&H
7 CS
4x
8 IOUT
150mV TO
1000mV
R6
The average current loop bandwidth is normally set to be much
less than the switching frequency, typically less than 5kHz and
often as slow as a few hundred hertz or less. This is especially
useful if the application experiences large surges. The average
current loop can be set to the steady state overcurrent threshold
and have a time response that is longer than the required
transient. The peak current limit can be set higher than the
expected transient so that it does not interfere with the transient,
but still protects for short-term larger faults. In essence, a 2-stage
overcurrent response is possible.
The peak overcurrent behavior is similar to most other PWM
controllers. If the peak current exceeds 1V, the active output
pulse is terminated immediately.
If voltage-mode control is used in a bridge topology, it should be
noted that peak current limit results in inherently unstable
operation. DC blocking capacitors used in voltage-mode bridge
topologies become unbalanced, as does the flux in the
transformer core. The average overcurrent circuitry prevents this
behavior by maintaining symmetric duty cycles for each
half-cycle. If the average current limit circuitry is not used, a
latching overcurrent shutdown method using external
components is recommended.
The CS to output propagation delay is increased by the Leading
Edge Blanking (LEB) interval. The effective delay is the sum of
the two delays and is 130ns maximum.
Voltage Feed-Forward Operation
Voltage feed-forward is a technique used to regulate the output
voltage for changes in input voltage without the intervention of
the control loop. Voltage feed-forward is often implemented in
voltage-mode control loops, but is redundant and unnecessary in
peak current-mode control loops.
Voltage feed-forward operates by modulating the sawtooth ramp
in direct proportion to the input voltage. Figure 11 demonstrates
the concept.
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
0
9
VIN
ERROR VOLTAGE
RAMP
CT
R5
R4
OUTA, OUTB
FIGURE 10. AVERAGE OVERCURRENT IMPLEMENTATION
FIGURE 11. VOLTAGE FEED-FORWARD BEHAVIOR
The current EA crossover frequency, assuming R6 >> (R4||R5), is
expressed in Equation 7:
1
f CO = ----------------------------------2  R 6  C10
(EQ. 7)
Hz
Where fCO is the crossover frequency. A capacitor in parallel with
R4 may be used to provide a double-pole roll-off.
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13
Input voltage feed-forward may be implemented using the RAMP
input. An RC network connected between the input voltage and
ground, as shown in Figure 12 on page 14, generates a voltage
ramp proportional to the amplitude of the source voltage. At the
termination of the active output pulse, RAMP is discharged to
ground so that a repetitive sawtooth waveform is created. The
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
ISL6742B
RAMP waveform is compared to the VERR voltage to determine
duty cycle. The selection of the RC components depends upon
the desired input voltage operating range and the frequency of
the oscillator. In typical applications, the RC components are
selected so that the ramp amplitude reaches 1V at minimum
input voltage within the duration of one half-cycle.
VIN
R3
1
16
2
15
3
14
ISL6742B
4
C7
The injected pulse width should be narrower than the sawtooth
discharge duration.
CT
13
5
12
6 RAMP
11
7
10
8
a small resistor in series with the timing capacitor, the oscillator
sawtooth waveform may be terminated prematurely.
1
16
2
15
3
14
4 CT
13
5
ISL6742B
12
6
11
7
10
8
GND 9
RS
GND 9
FIGURE 13. SYNCHRONIZATION TO AN EXTERNAL CLOCK
Synchronous Rectifier Outputs and Control
FIGURE 12. VOLTAGE FEED-FORWARD CONTROL
Referring to Figure 12, the charging time of the ramp capacitor is
expressed in Equation 8:
V RAMP  PEAK 

t = – R 3  C 7  ln  1 – ----------------------------------------
V IN  MIN  

s
(EQ. 8)
For optimum performance, the maximum value of the capacitor
should be limited to 10nF. The DC current through the resistor
should be limited to 3mA. For example, if the oscillator frequency
is 400kHz, the minimum input voltage is 300V and a 4.7nF ramp
capacitor is selected. The value of the resistor can be determined
by rearranging Equation 8.
–6
– 2.5  10
–t
R 3 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------- = -----------------------------------------------------------–9
1
V RAMP  PEAK 

4.7  10  ln  1 – ----------
C 7  ln  1 – ----------------------------------------

300
V

IN  MIN   
(EQ. 9)
= 159k
Where t is equal to the oscillator period minus the dead time. If
the dead time is short relative to the oscillator period, it can be
ignored for this calculation.
When implemented, the voltage feed-forward feature also
provides a volt-second clamp on the transformer. The maximum
duty cycle is determined by the lesser of the oscillator period or
the RAMP charge time. As the input voltage increases, the RAMP
charge time decreases, limiting the duty cycle proportionately.
If feed-forward operation is not desired, the RC network may be
connected to VREF or a buffered CT signal rather than the input
voltage. Regardless, a sawtooth waveform must be generated on
RAMP as it is required for proper PWM operation.
Implementing Synchronization
Synchronization to an external clock signal may be accomplished
in the same manner as many PWM controllers that do not have a
separate synchronization input. By injecting a short pulse across
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14
The ISL6742B provides double-ended PWM outputs, OUTA and
OUTB, and Synchronous Rectifier (SR) outputs, OUTAN and
OUTBN. The SR outputs are the complements of the PWM
outputs. It should be noted that complemented outputs are used
in conjunction with the opposite PWM output, i.e., OUTA and
OUTBN are paired together and OUTB and OUTAN are paired
together.
Referring to Figure 14, the SRs alternate between being both on
during the free-wheeling portion of the cycle (OUTA/OUTB off),
and one or the other being off when OUTA or OUTB is on. If OUTA
is on, its corresponding SR must also be on, indicating that
OUTBN is the correct SR control signal. Likewise, if OUTB is on, its
corresponding SR must also be on, indicating that OUTAN is the
correct SR control signal.
CT
OUTA
OUTB
OUTAN
(SR1)
OUTBN
(SR2)
FIGURE 14. BASIC WAVEFORM TIMING
A useful feature of the ISL6742B is the ability to vary the phase
relationship between the PWM outputs (OUTA, OUTB) and their
complements (OUTAN, OUTBN) by ±300ns. This feature allows
the designer to compensate for differences in the signal
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
ISL6742B
propagation delays between the PWM FETs and the SR FETs.
A voltage applied to VADJ controls the phase relationship.
Figures 15 and 16 demonstrate the delay relationships.
CT
OUTA
Slope Compensation
Peak current-mode control requires slope compensation to
improve noise immunity, particularly at lighter loads, and to
prevent current loop instability, particularly for duty cycles greater
than 50%. Slope compensation may be accomplished by
summing an external ramp with the current feedback signal or by
subtracting the external ramp from the voltage feedback error
signal. Adding the external ramp to the current feedback signal is
the more popular method.
From the small signal current-mode model [1] it can be shown
that the naturally-sampled modulator gain, Fm, without slope
compensation, is expressed in Equation 10:
OUTB
1
F m = -------------Sn Sn
OUTAN
(SR1)
(EQ. 10)
Where Sn is the slope of the sawtooth signal and tSW is the
duration of the half-cycle. When an external ramp is added, the
modulator gain becomes Equation 11:
OUTBN
(SR2)
FIGURE 15. WAVEFORM TIMING WITH PWM OUTPUTS DELAYED,
0V < VADJ < 2.425V
1
1
F m = ------------------------------------ = -------------------------m c S n t SW
 S n + S e t SW
(EQ. 11)
Where Se is slope of the external ramp and:
Se
m c = 1 + ------Sn
CT
The criteria for determining the correct amount of external ramp
can be determined by appropriately setting the damping factor of
the double-pole located at half the oscillator frequency. The
double-pole will be critically damped if the Q-factor is set to 1,
over-damped for Q > 1, and under-damped for Q < 1. An
under-damped condition may result in current loop instability.
OUTA
OUTB
1
Q = ------------------------------------------------  m c  1 – D  – 0.5 
OUTAN
(SR1)
(EQ. 13)
Where D is the percent of on-time during a half cycle (half period
duty cycle). Setting Q = 1 and solving for Se yields Equation 14:
OUTBN
(SR2)
FIGURE 16. WAVEFORM TIMING WITH SR OUTPUTS DELAYED,
2.575V < VADJ < 5.00V
Setting VADJ to VREF/2 results in no delay on any output. The no
delay voltage has a ±75mV tolerance window. Control voltages
below the VREF/2 zero delay threshold cause the PWM outputs,
OUTA/OUTB, to be delayed. Control voltages greater than the
VREF/2 zero delay threshold cause the SR outputs,
OUTAN/OUTBN, to be delayed. It should be noted that when the
PWM outputs, OUTA/OUTB, are delayed, the CS to output
propagation delay is increased by the amount of the added delay.
The delay feature is provided to compensate for mismatched
propagation delays between the PWM and SR outputs as may
be experienced when one set of signals crosses the
primary-secondary isolation boundary. If required, individual
output pulses may be stretched or compressed as required using
external resistors, capacitors and diodes.
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(EQ. 12)
15
1
1
S e = S n   --- + 0.5 ------------- – 1
1 – D


(EQ. 14)
Since Sn and Se are the on-time slopes of the current ramp and
the external ramp, respectively, they can be multiplied by tON to
obtain the voltage change that occurs during tON.
1
1
V e = V n   --- + 0.5 ------------- – 1
1 – D


(EQ. 15)
Where Vn is the change in the current feedback signal during the
on time and Ve is the voltage that must be added by the external
ramp.
Vn can be solved for in terms of input voltage, current transducer
components, and output inductance yielding Equation 16:
t SW  V  R CS N
O
S 1
V e = ----------------------------------------  --------  --- + D – 0.5

N CT  L O
NP  
V
(EQ. 16)
Where RCS is the current sense burden resistor, NCT is the
current transformer turns ratio, LO is the output inductance, VO is
the output voltage, and NS and NP are the secondary and
primary turns, respectively.
FN8565.1
November 3, 2015
ISL6742B
The current sense signal, which represents the inductor current
after it has been reflected through the isolation and current
sense transformers, and passed through the current sense
burden resistor, is expressed in Equation 17:
N S  R CS 
D  t SW 
NS

V CS = ------------------------  I O + -------------------  V IN  -------- – V O 
N P  N CT 
2L O 
NP

1
(EQ. 17)
13
CT
12
11
CS
10
8
9
R6
RCS
CT
C4
(EQ. 18)
Substituting Equations 16 and 17 into Equation 18 and solving
for RCS yields Equation 19:
N P  N CT
1
R CS = ------------------------  ---------------------------------------------------VO
NS
1 D
I O + -------- t SW  --- + ----
 2
L

(EQ. 19)
O
For simplicity, idealized components have been used for this
discussion, but the effect of magnetizing inductance must be
considered when determining the amount of external ramp to
add. Magnetizing inductance provides a degree of slope
compensation and reduces the amount of external ramp
required. The magnetizing inductance adds primary current in
excess of what is reflected from the inductor current in the
secondary.
(EQ. 20)
A
Where VIN is the input voltage that corresponds to the duty cycle
D and Lm is the primary magnetizing inductance. The effect of
the magnetizing current at the current sense resistor, RCS, is
expressed in Equation 21:
I P  R CS
V CS = -------------------------N CT
15
14
6
7
Since the peak current limit threshold is 1V, the total current
feedback signal plus the external ramp voltage must sum to this
value when the output load is at the current limit threshold.
V IN  Dt SW
I P = ----------------------------Lm
ISL6742B
5
R9
Where VCS is the voltage across the current sense resistor and IO
is the output current at current limit.
V e + V CS = 1
16
3
4
V
VREF
2
(EQ. 21)
V
If VCS is greater than or equal to Ve, then no additional slope
compensation is needed and RCS becomes Equation 22:
N CT
R CS = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NS 
Dt SW 
NS
  V IN  Dt SW
--------   I O + ---------------   V IN  ------- – V O  + ----------------------------Lm
NP 
2L O 
NP

FIGURE 17. ADDING SLOPE COMPENSATION
Assuming the designer has selected values for the RC filter (R6
and C4) placed on the CS pin, the value of R9 required to add the
appropriate external ramp can be found by superposition.
2D  R 6
V e – V CS = --------------------R6 + R9
(EQ. 23)
V
Rearranging to solve for R9 yields:
 2D – V e + V CS   R 6
R 9 = -----------------------------------------------------------V e – V CS

(EQ. 24)
The value of RCS determined in Equation 19 must be rescaled so
that the current sense signal presented at the CS pin is that
predicted by Equation 17. The divider created by R6 and R9
makes this necessary.
R6 + R9
R CS = ---------------------  R CS
R9
(EQ. 25)
Example:
VIN = 280V
VO = 12V
LO = 2.0µH
NP/NS = 20
Lm = 2mH
IO = 55A
(EQ. 22)
If VCS is less than Ve, then Equation 19 is still valid for the value
of RCS, but the amount of slope compensation added by the
external ramp must be reduced by VCS.
Adding slope compensation is accomplished in the ISL6742B
using an external buffer and the CT signal. A typical application
sums the buffered CT signal with the current sense feedback and
applies the result to the CS pin as shown in Figure 17.
Oscillator Frequency, fSW = 400kHz
Duty Cycle, D = 85.7%
NCT = 50
R6 = 499Ω
Solve for the current sense resistor, RCS, using Equation 19.
RCS = 15.1Ω.
Determine the amount of voltage, Ve, that must be added to the
current feedback signal using Equation 16.
Ve = 153mV
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Next, determine the effect of the magnetizing current from
Equation 21.
VCS = 91mV
Using Equation 24, solve for the summing resistor, R9, from CT to
CS.
R9 = 13.2kΩ
Determine the new value of RCS, R’CS, using Equation 25.
R’CS = 15.7Ω
Additional slope compensation may be considered for design
margin. This discussion determines the minimum external ramp
that is required. The buffer transistor used to create the external
ramp from CT should have a sufficiently high gain (>200) so as to
minimize the required base current. Whatever base current is
required reduces the charging current into CT and will reduce the
oscillator frequency.
Parallel Operation
Parallel operation of converters using the ISL6742B may be
accomplished using the average current signal, IOUT. IOUT
provides a very accurate representation of the output current and
may be used for active current sharing with many sharing
techniques commonly used including master-slave and average
current sharing methods.
Since IOUT represents the average inductor current (CCM operation),
sharing errors introduced by techniques using peak inductor current
are reduced. In particular, the current sharing error introduced by
mismatched switching frequencies is eliminated.
Figure 18 illustrates a master-slave current sharing method.
U1
VOLTAGE ERROR
AMPLIFIER INVERTING (-)
INPUT
BIAS
1
16
2 ISL6742B 15
3
VDD 14
4
13
5
12
6
11
S&H
7 CS
10
4x
8 IOUT
9
R2
(>>R1)
C1
R1
+
U2A
-
VOUT
U2B
+
R4
(>>R3)
The difference between the master’s output current and that of a
slave unit is set by R1 and R2. Some difference is required to
prevent undesirable switching of master and slave roles. This
difference also prevents operation of the current sharing circuitry
when a power supply is operating stand alone.
The maximum output voltage that a slave can induce in its output
is controlled by R6 and the output voltage feedback divider.
Typically, the maximum allowed output voltage increase is limited
to a few percent, but must be greater than the tolerance of the
feedback and reference components and any distribution drops
between units. If remote sensing is used, the adjustment range
must also include the difference in distribution drops between the
power supply outputs and the remote sensing location. The current
limit circuit must limit the voltage change to less than the output
overvoltage threshold or an overvoltage condition can be induced.
Amplifier U2A sets the scaling factor from IOUT to ISHARE and
increases the current sourcing capability of ISHARE. U2B is a low
bandwidth amplifier that sets the frequency response and gain of
the current share circuitry. The current share bandwidth must be
much lower than the voltage feedback loop bandwidth to ensure
overall stability. The gain is set by R1 and R5, and the bandwidth
by R5 and C1.
The disconnect in series with ISHARE may be omitted for power
systems that do not require fault isolation. The disconnect switch
is normally implemented with MOSFET or JFET devices.
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
FEEDBACK
DIVIDER
R5 (>>R1)
R3
In parallel and redundant applications, the ISHARE signals from
each power supply are connected together. Each power supply
produces a voltage proportional to its average output current on
IOUT, and through limiting resistor R3, on ISHARE. The unit with
the highest ISHARE signal (and highest output current) sources
current onto the ISHARE Bus, and is identified as the master unit.
The units with lower ISHARE signals do not source current onto
ISHARE, and are identified as slave units. Each slave unit
compares the master’s ISHARE signal with its own, and if there is
sufficient difference, turns Q1 on, which pulls down on the
feedback voltage. Reducing the feedback voltage causes the
output voltage to appear low; the feedback loop compensates by
increasing the output voltage, and the output current increases.
Each slave unit will increase its output voltage until its output
current is nearly equal to that of the master.
Q1
R7
R6
DISCONNECT IF P/S FAILS
OR IS TURNED OFF
ISHARE
FIGURE 18. MASTER-SLAVE CURRENT SHARING USING AVERAGE
CURRENT
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ISL6742B
Average Current Mode Control
Fault Conditions
The average current signal produced on IOUT may also be used
for average current mode control rather than peak current mode
control. There are many advantages to average current mode
control, most notably, improved noise immunity and greater
design flexibility of the current feedback loop compensation.
Figure 19 portrays the concept.
A fault condition occurs if VREF or VDD fall below their
Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) thresholds or if the thermal
protection is triggered. When a fault is detected, the soft-start
capacitor is quickly discharged, and the outputs are disabled low.
When the fault condition clears and the soft-start voltage is below
the reset threshold, a soft-start cycle begins.
C2
C1
R2
R4
VERR
U2
+
OFFSET
R1
-
U1
+ REF
CURRENT
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
An overcurrent condition is not considered a fault and does not
result in a shutdown.
VOUT
IOUT
R3
Rb
VOLTAGE ERROR
AMPLIFIER
FIGURE 19. AVERAGE CURRENT MODE CONTROL
Instead of being compared to a peak current sense signal as it
would be in a peak current mode control configuration, the
voltage amplifier output is integrated against the average output
current. The voltage loop compensation and the current loop
compensation may be adjusted independently.
The voltage error amplifier programs the average output current
of the supply, and its maximum output level determines the
maximum output current. Either IOUT or the voltage EA output
must be scaled appropriately to achieve the desired current limit
setpoint. The offset voltage shown in Figure 19 must be provided
to compensate for input offset voltage of the current amplifier to
ensure that zero duty cycle operation is achievable.
Thermal Protection
Internal die over temperature protection is provided. An
integrated temperature sensor protects the device should the
junction temperature exceed +140°C. There is approximately
+15°C of hysteresis.
Ground Plane Requirements
Careful layout is essential for satisfactory operation of the device.
A good ground plane must be employed. VDD and VREF should
be bypassed directly to GND with good high frequency
capacitance.
References
[1] Ridley, R., “A New Continuous-Time Model for Current Mode
Control”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 6, No.
2, April 1991.
Depending on the performance requirements of the control loop,
compensation networks other than shown may be required.
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Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to the web to make sure that
you have the latest revision.
DATE
REVISION
CHANGE
November 3, 2015
FN8565.1
Added “ISL6742BEVAL3Z” to the Ordering Information table on page 1.
On page 8 corrected typo in test conditions for the Overall Accuracy parameter by changing from “10mA” to
“-10mA”.
Under “Soft-Start Operation” on page 12, last paragraph corrected typo by changing from “0.25V” to “0.27V”.
January 31, 2014
FN8565.0
Initial Release
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ISL6742B
Package Outline Drawing
M16.15A
16 LEAD SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE (QSOP/SSOP)
0.150” WIDE BODY
Rev 3, 8/12
16
INDEX
AREA
3.99
3.81
6.20
5.84
4
0.25(0.010) M
B M
-B-
1
TOP VIEW
DETAIL “X”
SEATING PLANE
-A-
1.73
1.55
3
4.98
4.80
GAUGE
PLANE
-C0.25
0.010
0.249
0.102
0.635 BSC
7
0.89
0.41
0.31
0.20
0.41
x 45° 5
0.25
0.10(0.004)
0.17(0.007) M C A M B S
SIDE VIEW 1
8°
0°
1.55
1.40
7.11
0.249
0.191
SIDE VIEW 2
5.59
4.06
0.38
0.635
NOTES:
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of Publication Number
95.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. Package length does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. Mold flash,
protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15mm (0.006 inch) per side.
4. Package width does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash and
protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per side.
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual index feature must be
located within the crosshatched area.
6. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
7. Lead width does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall be
0.10mm (0.004 inch) total in excess of “B” dimension at maximum material condition.
8. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER.
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
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