cd00063806

AN2208
APPLICATION NOTE
Designing Industrial Applications with
VN808/VN340SP High-side Drivers
Introduction
This application note describes the functions of VN808/VN340SP high-side drivers in industrial
applications. The VN340SP and VN808 are monolithic devices based on VIPower technology. With
primary application requirements being safety and reliability, this application note covers the various tests
used to ensure compliance with international electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) specifications as well
as other requirements.
VN808/VN340SP high-side drivers are tested mounted on their respective reference design board (RDB).
Note:
Figure 1.
Additional information concerning the L5970D DC/DC converter, based on BCD technology, is
included in Section Appendix C: L5970D DC/DC converter on page 46.
VN808 and VN340SP reference design boards
September 2005
Rev. 1
1/51
http:/www.st.com
1
AN2208
Contents
1
High-side driver description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2
VN808 reference design board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3
2.1
Circuit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2
Surge suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3
Isolation recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4
Heatsink recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5
Schematic diagrams
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
VN340SP reference design board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1
Circuit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2
Schematic diagrams
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4
Load switching tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5
Thermal stress tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.1
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.2
List of EMC test equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.3
Requested test levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.3.1
IEC 61000-4-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.3.2
IEC 61000-4-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.3.3
IEC 61000-4-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
IEC 61000-4-4 EFT test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.4.1
Power supply tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.4.2
Input port tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.4.3
Output port tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
IEC 61000-4-5 surge test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.5.1
Power supply tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.5.2
Output port tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
IEC 61000-4-6 conducted immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.6.1
2/51
Power supply tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
AN2208
7
6.6.2
Input port tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.6.3
Output port tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7.1
7.2
VN808 HSD test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7.1.1
Load switching test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.1.2
Thermal stress test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.1.3
EMC test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
VN340SP HSD test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2.1
Load switching test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2.2
Thermal stress test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2.3
EMC test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Appendix A VN808 reference design board (RDB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
A.1
VN808 RDB bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
A.2
Recommended VN808 PCB Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Appendix B VN340SP reference design board (RDB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
B.1
VN340SP RDB bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
B.2
Recommended VN340SP RDB PCB layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Appendix C L5970D DC/DC converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8
C.1
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
C.2
L5970D layout recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
C.3
L5970D DC/DC converter load test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3/51
AN2208
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
Figure 26.
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
Figure 29.
Figure 30.
Figure 31.
Figure 32.
Figure 33.
Figure 34.
Figure 35.
Figure 36.
Figure 37.
Figure 38.
Figure 39.
Figure 40.
4/51
VN808 and VN340SP reference design boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
VN808 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
VN340SP block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
VN808 reference design board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Surge Suppression Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Typical input/status isolation by optocouplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Burst pulse affecting one input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Recommended layout for High Power Dissipation capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
DC/DC part of the application circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Current and voltage conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Complete application circuit with VN808 and L5970D devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Switching part of the application circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
VN340SP reference design board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Switching part of the application circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Complete application circuit with VN340SP and L5970D devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Description of the switching inductor loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
IPS simplified structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Simplified thermal models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Power supply tests (IEC 61000-4-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Switch diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Test on input ports (IEC 61000-4-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Output port tests (IEC 61000-4-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Power supply tests (IEC 61000-4-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Test on Output Ports (IEC 61000-4-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Power supply tests (IEC 61000-4-6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Input port tests (IEC 61000-4-6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Output port tests (IEC 61000-4-6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
VN808 Waveforms (Part 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
VN808 Waveforms (Part 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
GND_Power disconnection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Switching lamps: VCC = 24V, f = 0.5 Hz, Wave1 = VINOPT,
Wave2 = VOUT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Waveform tOFF inductor load: VCC = 24V, L = 130mH, RLOAD = 63W,
tOFF = 1.2101 ms, Wave2 = VOUT, Wave1 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT . . . . . . . . . . 32
Waveform switching inductive load: VCC = 24V, L = 130mH, RLOAD = 48W,
f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VOUT, Wave1 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Switching with short circuit: VCC = 24V, f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VSTATUSOPT,
Wave1 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Time delay between VINOPT and VOUT: VCC = 24V, Load = Lamp,
Wave2 = VOUT, Wave3 = VINOPT, Dt = 58.462 µs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
GND_Power disconnection for VN808: VCC = 25V, Load = Lamp,
Wave1 = VCC, Wave2 = VOUT, Wave3 = GND of power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Waveform ITOT and VINOPT during the test with short circuit VCC = 28V,
TA = 85°C, Wave4 = ITOT, Wave1 = VINOPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Waveform on ITOT and VINOPT during the test with short circuit VCC = 28V,
TA = –25°C, Wave4 = ITOT, Wave1 = VINOPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Case temperature dependency vs. current ITOT (TA = 25°C and VCC = 24 V) . . . . . . . . 34
Burst applied on the power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
AN2208
Figure 41.
Figure 42.
Figure 43.
Figure 44.
Figure 45.
Figure 46.
Figure 47.
Figure 48.
Figure 49.
Figure 50.
Figure 51.
Figure 52.
Figure 53.
Figure 54.
Figure 55.
Figure 56.
Figure 57.
Figure 58.
Figure 59.
Figure 60.
Figure 61.
Figure 62.
Figure 63.
Burst applied on the output channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Positive surge applied on power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Negative surge applied on power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Switching lamps: Vcc = 24V, f = 0.5Hz, Wave3 = VINOPT,
Wave2 = VOUT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Waveform tOFF inductor load: Vcc = 24V, L = 130mH, RLOAD = 60W,
tOFF = 1.2276ms, Wave2 = VOUT, Wave3 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT. . . . . . . . . . . 38
Time delay between VINOPT and VOUT: Vcc = 24V, Load = Lamp,
Wave2 = VOUT, Wave3 = VINOPT, Dt = 139µs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Switching with short circuit: Vcc = 24V, f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VSTATUSOPT,
Wave3 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Waveform switching inductive load: Vcc = 24V, L = 130mH, RLOAD = 48W,
f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VOUT, Wave3 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Switching with short circuit: Vcc = 24V, f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VSTATUSOPT,
Wave3 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Waveform ITOT and VSTATUSOPT during the test with short circuit:
Vcc = 28V, TA = 85°C, Wave4 = ITOT, Wave1 = VSTATUSOPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Waveform on ITOT and VSTATUSOPT during the test with short circuit:
Vcc = 28V, TA = –25°C, Wave4 = ITOT, Wave1 = VSTATUSOPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
VN808 RDB PCB layout (top and bottom) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
VN808 RDB PCB layout (component side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
VN340SP RDB PCB layout (Top side) and (Bottom side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
VN340SP RDB PCB layout (component side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
L5970D block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
L5970 DC/DC converter layout example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Efficiency vs. output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Output voltage stability of L5970D, Vss = 24 V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Voltage ripple on capacitor C30, IOUTDC = 0.4A, Vss = 24V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Waveform on coil L1, IOUTDC = 0.4A, Vss = 24V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Voltage ripple on capacitor C33, Vss = 24V, IOUTDC = 0.4 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Waveform on coil L1, without load, Vss = 24V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5/51
AN2208
List of tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
6/51
VN808 and VN340SP main characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
EMC industrial compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Equipment list for EMC tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
EMC test IEC 61000-4-4 EFT test results (VN808 RDB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
EMC test IEC61000-4-5 surge test results (VN808 RDB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
EMC test IEC 61000-4-6 conducted immunity test results (VN808 RDB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
EMC test IEC 61000-4-4 EFT test results (VN340SP RDB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
EMC test IEC61000-4-5 surge test results (VN340SP RDB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
EMC test IEC 61000-4-6 conducted immunity test results (VN340SP RDB) . . . . . . . . . . . 41
VN808 RDB bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
VN340SP RDB bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
AN2208
1
1 High-side driver description
High-side driver description
The VN808 (Figure 2) is a high-side driver (HSD) used to drive eight independent loads. Active
current limitation combined with thermal shutdown and automatic restart functions protect the
device against overload. A thermal case substrate protection is implemented to protect the FRx
substrate under short circuit and worst case ambient conditions in terms of reliability. The
device automatically turns off when the ground pin is disconnected. The VN340SP and VN808
are especially suitable for use with programmable logic controllers (PLC) in industrial
applications.
The VN340SP (Figure 3) is used to drive four independent resistive, capacitive and inductive
loads in high-side configurations. Active current limitation prevents the system power supply
from dropping in the event of a short load. A built-in thermal shutdown circuit protects the chip
from high temperatures and short circuits. Each I/O is pulled down when an over-temperature
condition of the relative channel is detected and restarts after reaching the lower thermal
threshold. The system oscillates depending on the thermal impedance of the application.
Table 1.
VN808 and VN340SP main characteristics
VN340SP HSD
VN808 HSD
Output current per channel 0.5A at 24V
Built-in current limiter
Short-load and overtemperature (Junction)
protection
Short-load and overtemperature (Junction and
Case) protection
Under-voltage shutdown
Open-drain diagnostic output
DC supply voltage 36V
Status output current 2 to 4 mA
DC supply voltage 45V
Very low stand-by current
7/51
AN2208
1 High-side driver description
Figure 2.
VN808 block diagram
VCC
UNDERVOLTAGE DETECTION
VCC
CLAMP
INPUT 1
GND
INPUT 2
INPUT 4
INPUT 5
INPUT 6
INPUT 7
OUTPUT 1
LOGIC CONTROL
INPUT 3
CLAMP POWER
OUTPUT 2
CURRENT LIMITER
OUTPUT 3
JUNCTION TEMP. DETECTION
Same structure for all channels
OUTPUT 4
OUTPUT 5
OUTPUT 6
INPUT 8
CASE TEMP. DETECTION
STATUS
OUTPUT 7
OUTPUT 8
Ai11606
Figure 3.
VN340SP block diagram
VCC
Undervoltage
Driver 1
OUTPUT 1
I Limit 1
I/O1
I/O2
Control
Logic
I/O3
Driver 2
OUTPUT 2
I Limit 2
I/O4
Driver 3
DIAG
GROUND
OUTPUT 3
I Limit 3
Overtemp 1
Driver 4
Overtemp 2
Overtemp 3
OUTPUT 4
I Limit 4
Overtemp 4
SC07950
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2
2 VN808 reference design board
VN808 reference design board
This is a practical example how the VN808 high-side driver (HSD) can be used in applications
for an industrial environment.
Figure 4.
2.1
VN808 reference design board
Circuit description
In order to protect the high-side driver (HSD) from the harsh industrial conditions of power
supply lines, usually optocouplers and Transil diodes are used to separate the application
control circuits from the power supply. Figure 11 shows a complete schematic diagram of the
VN808 reference design board.
The VN808 reference design board uses multi-channel TLP281-4 and TLP181 optocouplers.
The TLP281-4 and TLP181 are small and thin couplers, suitable for surface-mounted
assemblies that consist of a photo transistor optically coupled to a gallium-arsenide infrared
emitting diode. The isolation voltage for this type of optocoupler is 2500 VRMS.
The clamping function of Transil diodes protect the HSD against transient overvoltages. The
reference design board is assembled with uni-directional SM15TXXA Transil diodes because
they protect the HSD against both positive and negative surge pulses. For more information
about SM15TXXA Transil diodes from STMicroelectronics, please refer to the SM15T36A
Datasheet available at www.st.com.
Refer to Section A.2: Recommended VN808 PCB Layout on page 43 for more information
about designing boards to improve EMC immunity and performance in industrial environments.
2.2
Surge suppression
When designing your application, VCC and ground lines should lay on top of each other,
minimizing the closed loop area and increasing the ability of the application to reject
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2 VN808 reference design board
environmental noise. Figure 5 shows a surge suppression block using a uni-directional
SM15T36A Transil diode.
The Transil diode provides overvoltage protection for the HSD. The SM15T36A has a peak
pulse power dissipation of 1500 W, stand-off voltage of 36 V and breakdown voltage of 37.8 V.
Depending on the application, a Transil diode with a different value (for example, between 28 V
and 40 V) may be used.
An electrolytic capacitor (C1) must be placed immediately after the surge suppression block.
The size of the electrolytic capacitor is selected based on the slope of the output current, the
impedance of the complex power supply cables, as well as the maximum allowed voltage drop
across the device. The C1 value is generally 25 µF per chip. For more information about the C1
value, please refer to Application Note AN1351: VIPower and BCDMultipower: Making life
easier with ST's high-side drivers.
A low ESR SMD capacitor (C2) must be placed as close as possible to the HSD in order to filter
the power supply line for electromagnetic compatibility concerns. The suggested C2 value is
100 nF.
Figure 5.
Surge Suppression Block
VCC 24V
24V DC Input
C14
4.7 nF
GND_EARTH
C13
4.7 nF
C1
22 µF
50V
+
C2
100 nF
GND_POWER
GND_POWER
2.3
D1
SM15T36A
Ai11615
Isolation recommendations
Industrial environments require good isolation between digital and power supply parts.
Optocouplers are widely used and multi-channel optocouplers represent a very attractive
solution. Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram with optocouplers connected to ground.
Although optocouplers are good isolators, they may lower the category of the Electrical Fast
Transients (EFT) immunity tests as the primary and secondary sides of the optocouplers may
still have parasitic capacitance “bonding” to each other, even though they are isolated. This
parasitic capacitance may inject a current through the base emitter junction of the
phototransistor when one half of the optocoupler is “tight” due to fast voltage transients with
respect to the other side as shown in Figure 7.
If an optocoupler is used in an emitter-follower configuration, as in most industrial applications,
a high emitter voltage signal may be induced by applying EFTs even after opening the collector
termination. An efficient way to prevent this high emitter voltage signal is to provide a
conducting plane connected to ground on both the top and bottom layers of the PCB (under the
optocouplers) as shown in Figure 52: VN808 RDB PCB layout (top and bottom).
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2.4
2 VN808 reference design board
Figure 6.
Typical input/status isolation by optocouplers
Figure 7.
Burst pulse affecting one input
Heatsink recommendations
Depending on ambient thermal conditions, HSD’s with a PowerSO10/SO36 package require
external cooling as the copper bottom plate of the PSO-Package, used to maintain the junction
temperature during inductive switching, acts as a thermal capacitor.
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2 VN808 reference design board
AN2208
The VN808 reference board is designed with an onboard heatsink capability (minimum heat
sink area is 6 cm²). The recommended layout for Power SO packages is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8.
2.5
Recommended layout for High Power Dissipation capability
Schematic diagrams
Figure 9.
DC/DC part of the application circuit
Figure 10. Current and voltage conventions
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2 VN808 reference design board
Figure 11. Complete application circuit with VN808 and L5970D devices
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2 VN808 reference design board
Figure 12. Switching part of the application circuit
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3
3 VN340SP reference design board
VN340SP reference design board
This is a practical example how the VN340SP high-side driver (HSD) can be used in
applications for an industrial environment.
Figure 13. VN340SP reference design board
3.1
Circuit description
The application described below is very similar to that of the VN808 reference design board;
only the type of HSD and the optocoupler inter-connection is different. Figure 15 shows a
complete schematic diagram of the VN340SP reference design board. The optocouplers and
Transil diodes are the same as those used in the VN808 reference design board.
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3 VN340SP reference design board
3.2
Schematic diagrams
Figure 14. Switching part of the application circuit
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3 VN340SP reference design board
Figure 15. Complete application circuit with VN340SP and L5970D devices
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4 Load switching tests
4
Load switching tests
Many different types of loads can be found in an industrial environment. Typical loads have
inductive or resistive characteristics. Applications compliant with UL 508 (48Ω and 1.15H)
specifications are generally considered as the worst case.
A basic description of typical switching inductor loads is given in Figure 16. The supply voltage
is nominally 24V but can rise up to 30.5V. In this application, 24V filament lamps are used with
130mH/48Ω inductors as the loads. The VCC supply condition is between 18.5V and 28.5V DC.
The VCLAMP voltage value decides the tOFF demagnetization duration: the faster you want to
switch off the circuit, the bigger | VCLAMP| compared with | VCC| has to be.
Figure 16. Description of the switching inductor loads
VINx
VINx
VINx
Load x
Load x
Load x
VN808
VIN
VCLAMP
VINx
L
VOUT
R
Note:
VCC
VOUT
IOUT
IOUT
IO
tOFF
Ai11608
Typical VCLAMP value for VN808 is 52V.
STMicroelectronics’ Intelligent Power Switches (IPSs) provide a “fast demagnetization” output
structure, an integrated solution for fast switch-off of inductive loads.
IPSs are basically a Zener diode with a 52V breakdown (approx.) and high power dissipation
capability connected between an output and VCC as shown in Figure 17. In most applications,
the output voltage is then clamped at VOUT = VCC - 52, and is therefore dependent on the
supply voltage.
The integrated clamping structure saves on components and space. Internal demagnetization
can be used only if thermal behavior and load conditions are well known to designers.
Therefore a detailed analysis of thermal behavior related to inductive load switching is
mandatory to prevent improper utilization of the IPSs.
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4 Load switching tests
Figure 17. IPS simplified structure
VCC
S1
ZD1
50V
High Side Switch
OUT
Ai11609
GND
The parameters are given by the following formulas:
V CC
L
-
t OFF = ------------------ • ln  1 + -------------------------------------
R LOAD
V CLAMP – V CC
V CLAMP
E OFF = --------------------- •
R LOAD
• V CC
L
– ( ( V CLAMP – V CC ) • t OFF )
 -------------------R
LOAD
Pt
OFF
E OFF
= ------------t OFF
For example for VN808:
Where, IOUT = 0.5 A, L = 130 mH, f = 0.5 Hz, VCC = 24 V and VCLAMP = 52 V
VCLAMP - VCC = 28 V and RLOAD = 48 Ω
tOFF = 1.6 ms
EOFF = 21 mJ per channel
Pt
Note:
OFF
21mJ
= 4 • ----------------- = 52.5W
1.6ms
For more information about switching inductor loads, see Application Note AN1351.
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5 Thermal stress tests
5
Thermal stress tests
The thermal model of a generic Intelligent Power Switch (IPS) can be exemplified as shown in
Figure 18. RthJC and RthCA represent the junction-to-case and the case-to-ambient thermal
resistance, whereas CthC is the predominant thermal capacitance and is basically related to the
package itself.
Figure 18. Simplified thermal models
VN340 (4-channel IPS)
Rth1 = 1.33˚ C/W
Rth2 = 1.67˚ C/W
TJ1
TC
RthCA
TA
TJ2
TJ3
16 mJ/K
CthC
TJ4
VN808 (8-channel IPS)
Rth1 = 1.9˚ C/W
Rth2 = 1.1˚ C/W
TJ1
TC
RthCA
TA
TJ2
TJ3
CthC
TJ8
Note:
36 mJ/K
Ai11610
Case thermal time constant of 48 ms without external cooling.
RthJC = Rth2+Rth1/Nb of channels
If Nb = 8, RthJC = 1.34°C/W
If Nb = 4, RthJC = 2°C/W
The aim of the designer will be to provide the lowest possible junction–ambient thermal
impedance, in order to minimize the chip temperature jump-up.
Example VN808:
I = 0.5 A, L = 130 mH, f = 0.5 Hz, TA = 60°C, Duty cycle = 0.5, VCC = 24 V,
8 channels active, 4 channels working at the same time.
Conduction losses:
Losses due to ISON (supply current): 24V* 12mA(max.) = 288 mW
PowerMOS losses at ON State: 280 mΩ(max.)*(0.5)^2*0.5*8 = 280 mW
Switching losses:
Switching losses are due to inductance discharge:
PDOFF = 8* EOFF*F = 8* 21mJ * 0.5 = 84 mW
Total losses and Junction temperature:
Total power losses = 652 mW (0.652 W)
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5 Thermal stress tests
If the PSO36 is on FR4, RthCA = 50°C/W
tOFF = 1.6 ms << 48 ms (constant time of the PSO36)
TC = TA + Pmean* RthCA
TC = 60°C +34 °C = 94°C
TJMax during tOFF = 94 + (1.1 + (1.9/4))*52 = 175°C
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6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
6
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
The VN808 and VN340SP reference design boards pass the following industrial tests. (Refer to
specific product datasheet for electrostatic discharge (ESD) characteristics).
Table 2.
EMC industrial compliance
IEC Specification
6.1
Description
61000-4-4
Electric Fast Transients (EFT)
61000-4-5
Surge protection
61000-4-6
Immunity to conducted disturbances
Terminology
Table 3.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
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Description
CC
Current Clamp
CCC
Capacitive Coupling Clamp
CDN
Coupling/Decoupling Network
DN
Decoupling Network
EFT
Electric Fast Transients
EFT Generator
Generator with CDN according IEC 61000-4-4
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge
EUT
Equipment Under Test
HSD
High-side Driver
IPS
Intelligent Power Switch
PE
Protected Earth (metal plane)
Signal Generator
Wave generator with power amplifier according IEC 61000-4-6
Surge Generator
Generator with CDN according IEC 61000-4-5
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6.2
6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
List of EMC test equipment
Table 4.
Equipment list for EMC tests
Equipment
Description
Surge Generator
EM Test Surge generator VCS 500 with CDN
EFT Generator
EM Test EFT 800 EFT/burst generator with CDN
CC
EMC Partner CN-EFT 1000 Capacitive coupling clamp
Power Supply
PCE A1200 40 30 DC power supply 40V/30A
Toellner TOE 8733
Decoupling network
Trennstelltrafo LTS 606 for separation from the mains
Loads
Osram 8x lamps 24V/15W
8x Inductor 130mH/48Ω
Signal Generator
Agilent 33220A
PMM 3000 according IEC 61000-4-6
CDN
EMC Partner CDN-1000 KIT for surge test
EMC Partner CN-EFT-1000
FCC-M3-16A for IEC 61000-4-6
FCC F-120-9A Current Injection Probe for IEC 61000-4-6
Attenuator
EM TEST ATT6/75
Multimeter
FLUKE 189
Oscilloscope
LECROY LT 374M
Current Probe
LECROY AP015
Wood table
1-meter high
Metal plane
Size in proportion to wood table and test setup
Wood isolation
0.1-meter thick
6.3
Requested test levels
6.3.1
IEC 61000-4-4
6.3.2
●
Polarity: positive/negative
●
Test voltage: Level 4 (4 kV)
●
Burst duration: 15 ms±20% at 5 kHz
●
Burst period: 300 ms±20%
●
Duration time: 60 seconds (min.)
●
Applied to: Input/Output ports and Supply lines
IEC 61000-4-5
●
Polarity: positive/negative
●
Test voltage: Level 3 (2 kV)
●
Number of Discharges: 5
●
Repetition Rate: 1 per min.
●
Applied to: Output ports and Supply lines (all combinations)
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6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
6.3.3
6.4
AN2208
IEC 61000-4-6
●
Test voltage: Level 3 (10 V)
●
Frequency range: 150 kHz to 80MHz
●
Modulation: 80% depth by AM 1 kHz
●
Frequency step: 1%
●
Dwell Time 100 ms
●
Applied to: Input/Output ports and Supply lines
IEC 61000-4-4 EFT test setup
The reference design boards are tested on input/output ports and power supply lines. The test
voltage is applied from the EFT generator to the EUT via a capacitive coupling clamp. The test
setup and test voltage waveform comply with IEC 61000-4-4 specifications. The capacitive
coupling clamp is connected by a high-voltage coaxial cable to the generator as close as
possible to the EUT.
6.4.1
Power supply tests
Figure 19 illustrates the power supply test setup. A capacitive coupling clamp applies the test
voltage (max. 4 kV) to the power supply lines. A decoupling network (DN) protects the power
supply against the test voltage.
EUT test conditions:
Input port ON/OFF and fOPER = 1 Hz
Input port wave form: Square 0/5V; f = 1 Hz
Figure 19. Power supply tests (IEC 61000-4-4)
6.4.2
Input port tests
Figure 21 illustrates the input port test setup. The RDB input ports are tested by first switching
them to ground and then to the 5V supply using the battery-powered switch shown in Figure 20
to increase protection.
Maximum test voltage must not exceed 4 kV.
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6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
Figure 20. Switch diagram
VPP
InputOPT
GND
Ai11611
Figure 21. Test on input ports (IEC 61000-4-4)
6.4.3
Output port tests
Figure 22 illustrates the output port test setup. The capacitive coupling clamp is the
recommended method for coupling the generator source voltage into the output ports. All
auxiliary devices are placed on the wood isolation board (0.1-meter thick). The test is
performed while the HSD output port is switched On/Off at 1 Hz.
Maximum test voltage must not exceed 4 kV.
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6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
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Figure 22. Output port tests (IEC 61000-4-4)
6.5
IEC 61000-4-5 surge test setup
Section 5 of the IEC 61000-4 specification concerns the immunity requirements, test methods,
and range of recommended test levels for equipment to unidirectional surges caused by
overvoltages from switching and lightning transients. The reference design boards are tested
on the power supply lines and output port.
6.5.1
Power supply tests
Figure 23 illustrates the power supply test setup. The reference design boards are tested with
different coupling modes:
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●
Line-to-line coupling mode with source impedance 42Ω (meaning VCC 24V and
GND_Power on the board, both polarities)
●
Line-to-PE coupling mode with source impedance 42Ω (meaning VCC 24V/GND_Power to
GND_earth on the board, both polarities)
●
Output to GND_Power with source impedance 42Ω
●
Output to VCC 24V with source impedance 42Ω
●
Output to Protect Earth with source impedance 42Ω
AN2208
6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
The maximum surge voltage may not exceed 2kV for line-to-line coupling mode and 2kV for
line-to-PE coupling mode. The test is performed while the HSD output port is switched On/Off
at 1Hz. The maximum length of the cables between the EUT and CDN is 2 meters.
Figure 23. Power supply tests (IEC 61000-4-5)
6.5.2
Output port tests
Figure 24 illustrates the output port test setup. The maximum surge voltage and coupling mode
is same as with the power supply tests. The test is performed while the HSD output port is
switched On/Off with both polarities. The output lines are tested between VCC/GND and PE.
Figure 24. Test on Output Ports (IEC 61000-4-5)
6.6
IEC 61000-4-6 conducted immunity
The reference design boards are tested on the Input/Output ports and Power supply lines with a
maximum voltage of 10 VRMS. The test signal is basically a sinusoidal waveform, whose
frequency sweeps from 150 kHz up to 80 MHz with a 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz of the
same signal. The EUT clearance from all metallic objects must be at least 0.5 meters.
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6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
6.6.1
AN2208
Power supply tests
Figure 25 illustrates the power supply test setup. The test voltage is applied by coupling
decoupling networks CDN. The maximum voltage is 10 VRMS. The maximum distance between
EUT and CDN is 0.3 meters. All Auxiliary Units (AU) such as power supplies switching devices
must be placed on the wood isolation.
Figure 25. Power supply tests (IEC 61000-4-6)
6.6.2
Input port tests
Figure 26 illustrates the input port test setup. The test voltage from the signal generator to the
EUT is applied by the current clamp. This device establishes inductive coupling to the cable
connected to the EUT. The maximum distance between the EUT and the CC is 0.3 meters. The
test is performed while the HSD input port is switched On/Off at 1Hz.
Figure 26. Input port tests (IEC 61000-4-6)
6.6.3
Output port tests
Figure 27 illustrates the output port test setup. The power supply must be protected to
disturbance signal by a decoupling network. The current clamp is used as the coupling device
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6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
for the signal generator. The test is performed while the HSD output port is switched On/Off at
1Hz.
Figure 27. Output port tests (IEC 61000-4-6)
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7 Test results
7
Test results
The following abbreviations are used in this section.
Table 5.
Abbreviations
Symbol
7.1
Parameter
VIN
Input Voltage
VOUT
Output Voltage
VSTAT
Voltage on STATUS pin
TA
Ambient temperature
TJSD
Junction shut-down temperature
TR
Junction Reset temperature
TCSD
Case shut-down temperature
TC
Case operating temperature
TCR
Case reset temperature
Tj
Junction operating temperature
VN808 HSD test results
The typical behavior of the VN808 HSD according the datasheet is shown in Figure 28 and
Figure 29.
Figure 28. VN808 Waveforms (Part 1)
Normal Operation
VIN
VOUT
VSTAT
Undervoltage
VCC
VUSDhyst
VUSD
VIN
VOUT
VSTAT
Undefined
Ai11622
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7 Test results
Figure 29. VN808 Waveforms (Part 2)
Hard Short Circuit
TJ > TTSD
TJ1
TTSD
TR
TC
TCSD
TCR
VIN1
VOUT1
VSTAT
VIN2
IOUT2
Overload Condition
TC > TCSD
TJ1
TTSD
TR
TC
TCSD
TCR
VIN1
VOUT1
VSTAT
Ai11623
7.1.1
Load switching test results
Test conditions: TAMB = 25° C, VCC = 24 V, f = 0.5 Hz
Switching loads: Lamp 24V, 15W; Inductor L = 130 mH, RLOAD = 48Ω
In the event of GND_Power disconnection, the device turns off immediately. The test was
performed with different VCC values.
Test Results: The VN808 HSD worked properly during the test.
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7 Test results
The waveform after GND_Power disconnection is shown in Figure 30 with the following
conditions: Power supply = 24V, Load = 24V /15W lamp, and HSD input = ON.
If the HSD input is OFF, then the output will still switch OFF after GND_Power disconnection.
Figure 30. GND_Power disconnection
VCC24
Output 1
Load
VOUT
Switch
GND_Power
Ai11624
Figure 31. Switching lamps: VCC = 24V, f =
0.5 Hz, Wave1 = VINOPT,
Wave2 = VOUT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
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Figure 32. Waveform tOFF inductor load: VCC =
24V, L = 130mH, RLOAD = 63Ω,
tOFF = 1.2101 ms, Wave2 = VOUT,
Wave1 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
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7 Test results
Figure 33. Waveform switching inductive load: Figure 34. Switching with short circuit: VCC =
VCC = 24V, L = 130mH, RLOAD = 48Ω,
24V, f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VSTATUSOPT,
f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VOUT, Wave1 =
Wave1 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
Figure 36.
Figure 35. Time delay between VINOPT and
VOUT: VCC = 24V, Load = Lamp,
Wave2 = VOUT, Wave3 = VINOPT, ∆t =
58.462 µs
GND_Power disconnection for
VN808: VCC = 25V, Load = Lamp,
Wave1 = VCC, Wave2 = VOUT,
Wave3 = GND of power supply
Ground Disconnection
7.1.2
Thermal stress test results
1.
All channels shorted: fSWITCH = 0.5 Hz, VCC = 28V, duration 72 hours, TA = 25°C.
2.
All channels shorted: fSWITCH = 0.5 Hz, VCC = 28V, duration 8 hours, TA = 85°C.
3.
All channels shorted: fSWITCH = 0.5 Hz, VCC = 28V, duration 8 hours, TA = –25°C.
Test Results: The case temperature with 8 channels shorted oscillates between 116 and
119°C with an ambient temperature of 25°C. The case temperature increases to between 116
and 121°C with an ambient temperature of 85°C.
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Figure 37 and Figure 38 illustrate thermal behavior by showing the waveform of ITOT current to
HSD during the short circuit with different ambient temperature. The input is switched at 1 Hz.
The thermal shutdown is active and the output channel is switched off because it is shorted.
The maximum case temperature with maximum current ITOT is 42°C during normal operation
(without short circuit) as shown in Figure 39.
Figure 37. Waveform ITOT and VINOPT during
Figure 38.
the test with short circuit VCC = 28V,
TA = 85°C, Wave4 = ITOT,
Wave1 = VINOPT
Waveform on ITOT and VINOPT during
the test with short circuit VCC = 28V,
TA = –25°C, Wave4 = ITOT,
Wave1 = VINOPT
Figure 39. Case temperature dependency vs. current ITOT (TA = 25°C and VCC = 24 V)
Note:
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The temperature measured in thermal chamber using the FLUKE 189 multimeter and thermocoupler. No airflow present during the test.
AN2208
7.1.3
7 Test results
EMC test results
IEC 61000-4-4 EFT test
The VN808 reference design board is tested according IEC 61000-4-4 for ±4kV level. Table 6
lists test results. Waveforms of bursts injected during the tests are shown in Figure 40 and
Figure 41.
The test lasted approximately 1 minute with ±4 kV and a repetition rate of 5 kHz. During the
tests, all channels were switched.
Test result: The VN808 HSD worked properly during the test.
Table 6.
EMC test IEC 61000-4-4 EFT test results (VN808 RDB)
IEC 61000-4-4 Burst test
Power supply
Output
Input
Test Condition
VN808 RDB 1/2
VN808 RDB 2/2
Input ON
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input OFF
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Switch @ 1Hz
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input ON
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input OFF
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Switch @ 1Hz
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input ON
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input OFF
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Figure 40. Burst applied on the power supply
Figure 41. Burst applied on the output channel
IEC 61000-4-5 surge test
A coupling decoupling network with a 42Ω impedance was used when performing the test. The
test was executed with ±2kV.
When testing power supply lines, all channels were switched. When testing the output channel,
only the tested channel was switched.
A 4.7nF 500V capacitor was placed between the power supply and the earth protection.
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7 Test results
Figure 42 and Figure 43 illustrate active Transil protection. The pulse from generator was
applied on the power supply and the Transil diode limited the voltage from 2kV to approximately
50V. The test contained five positive and five negative discharges with each polarity. Repetition
rate was 1 discharge per minute.
Test result: The VN808 HSD worked properly during the test.
Table 7.
EMC test IEC61000-4-5 surge test results (VN808 RDB)
IEC 61000-4-5 Surge Test
Power supply VCC to GND_Power
VCC to Earth
GND to Earth
Output of the RDB to VCC
Output of the RDB to GND_Power
Output of the RDB to Earth
Test Condition
VN808 RDB 1/2
VN808 RDB 2/2
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
± 2kV OK
± 2kV OK
Input OFF
± 2kV OK
± 2kV OK
Input ON
± 2kV OK
± 2kV OK
Input OFF
± 2kV OK
± 2kV OK
Figure 42. Positive surge applied on power
supply
Figure 43. Negative surge applied on power
supply
IEC61000-4-6 conducted immunity
This is the most difficult test and requires the use of a coupling decoupling network for power
supply lines and special current clamp for output and data lines. The test was executed with
Level 3 (10V) compliance. Table 8 lists test results.
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7 Test results
If input lines are grounded, the optocoupler will switch on during the test because the inducted
voltage is too high. This is a normal reaction and when the test finishes, the optocoupler works
normally.
Test result: The VN808 HSD worked properly during the test.
Table 8.
EMC test IEC 61000-4-6 conducted immunity test results (VN808 RDB)
IEC 61000-4-6
Power supply
Output
Input
Test Condition
VN808 RDB 1/2
VN808 RDB 2/2
Input ON
10V OK
10V OK
Input OFF
10V OK
10V OK
Switch @ 1Hz
10V OK
10V OK
Input ON
10V OK
10V OK
Input OFF
10V OK
10V OK
Switch @ 1Hz
10V OK
10V OK
Input ON
10V OK
10V OK
Input OFF
10V OK B
10V OK B
Switch @ 1Hz
10V OK
10V OK
Note:
B means a temporary degradation or loss of function or performance, with an automatic return
to normal operation.
7.2
VN340SP HSD test results
7.2.1
Load switching test results
Test conditions: TAMB = 25° C, VCC = 24 V, f = 0.5 Hz
Switching loads: Lamp = 24V, 15W; Inductor L = 130 mH, RLOAD = 48Ω
Test result: The VN340SP HSD worked properly during the test.
Figure 44 to Figure 49 show the waveforms during the load switching tests.
If input is ON, the output will switch off immediately if GND_Power is disconnected. If the input
is OFF, the output remains OFF.
7.2.2
Thermal stress test results
1.
All channels shorted: fSWITCH = 0.5 Hz, VCC = 28V, duration 72 hours, TA = 25°C.
2.
All channels shorted: fSWITCH = 0.5 Hz, VCC = 28V, duration 8 hours, TA = 85°C.
3.
All channels shorted: fSWITCH = 0.5 Hz, VCC = 28V, duration 8 hours, TA = –25°C.
Test result: The VN340SP HSD worked properly during the test.
The maximum temperature with 4 channels shorted is 156°C with an ambient temperature of
25°C and 159°C with an ambient temperature of 85°C. Figure 50 and Figure 51 show behavior
during the thermal stress tests.
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The input was switched at 1 Hz. The thermal shutdown is shown in the figures below.
Figure 44. Switching lamps: VCC = 24V, f =
0.5Hz, Wave3 = VINOPT,
Wave2 = VOUT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
Figure 45. Waveform tOFF inductor load: VCC =
24V, L = 130mH, RLOAD = 60Ω,
tOFF = 1.2276ms, Wave2 = VOUT,
Wave3 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
Figure 47. Switching with short circuit: VCC =
Figure 46. Time delay between VINOPT and
VOUT: VCC = 24V, Load = Lamp,
24V, f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VSTATUSOPT,
Wave2 = VOUT, Wave3 = VINOPT, ∆t =
Wave3 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
139µs
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7 Test results
Figure 48. Waveform switching inductive load: Figure 49. Switching with short circuit: VCC =
VCC = 24V, L = 130mH, RLOAD = 48Ω,
24V, f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VSTATUSOPT,
f = 0.5Hz, Wave2 = VOUT, Wave3 =
Wave3 = VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
VINOPT, Wave4 = ICH1OUT
Figure 50. Waveform ITOT and VSTATUSOPT
during the test with short circuit:
VCC = 28V, TA = 85°C, Wave4 = ITOT,
Wave1 = VSTATUSOPT
Figure 51. Waveform on ITOT and VSTATUSOPT
during the test with short circuit:
VCC = 28V, TA = –25°C, Wave4 = ITOT,
Wave1 = VSTATUSOPT
Note:
The temperature measured in thermal chamber using a FLUKE 189 multimeter and thermocoupler.
7.2.3
EMC test results
IEC 61000-4-4 EFT test results
The VN340SP HSD is tested according IEC 61000-4-4 Level 4 (4kV). Power supply and input/
output ports are tested while all other channels are active. Table 9 lists test results.
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7 Test results
Test result: The VN340SP HSD worked properly during the test.
Table 9.
EMC test IEC 61000-4-4 EFT test results (VN340SP RDB)
IEC 61000-4-4 Burst Test
Power supply
Output
Input
Test Condition
RDB VN340SP 1/2
RDB VN340SP 2/2
Input ON
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input OFF
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Switch @ 1Hz
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input ON
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input OFF
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Switch @ 1Hz
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input ON
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
Input OFF
±4kV OK
±4kV OK
IEC 61000-4-5 surge test results
The board was tested with 42Ω coupling/decoupling network. All channels were active during
the test. Different combinations of channel activity were also tested. Table 10 lists test results.
A 4.7nF 500V capacitor was placed between the power supply and earth protection.
Test result: The VN340SP HSD worked properly during the test.
Table 10.
EMC test IEC61000-4-5 surge test results (VN340SP RDB)
IEC 61000-4-5 Surge Test
Power supply VCC to
GND:_Power
VCC to Earth
GND to Earth
Output of the RDB to VCC
Output of the RDB to
GND_Power
Output of the RDB to Earth
Test Condition
VN340SP RDB 1/2
VN340SP RDB 2/2
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input ON
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
Input OFF
±2kV OK
±2kV OK
IEC61000-4-6 conducted immunity test results
The test was executed according the standard with required levels. Table 11 lists test results.
Test results: Loss of function was observed during the test on output lines when HSD input
was OFF. Lamps shone little bit. (Normal behavior: Lamps switched OFF.)
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7 Test results
Loss of function was observed during the test on input lines, but is considered as normal
behavior because the conducted voltage was too high and optocoupler input channels were
switched.
Table 11.
EMC test IEC 61000-4-6 conducted immunity test results (VN340SP RDB)
IEC 61000-4-6
Power supply
Output of the RDB
Input of the RDB
Note:
Test Condition
VN340SP RDB 1/2
VN340SP RDB 2/2
Input ON
10V OK
10V OK
Input OFF
10V OK
10V OK
Switch @ 1Hz
10V OK
10V OK
Input ON
10V OK
10V OK
Input OFF
10V OK B
10V OK B
Switch @ 1Hz
10V OK
10V OK
Input ON
10V OK
10V OK
Input OFF
10V OK B
10V OK B
Switch @ 1Hz
10V OK
10V OK
B means a temporary degradation or loss of function or performance, with an automatic return
to normal operation.
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7 Test results
Appendix A VN808 reference design board (RDB)
A.1
VN808 RDB bill of materials
The list of parts for the VN808 Reference Design Board is provided in Table 12.
Table 12.
VN808 RDB bill of materials
Item
Quantity
1
16
Reference
C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12
Value
10nF
C19, C20, C21, C22, C23, C24, C25, C26
2
4
C14, C13, C18, C17
4.7nF 500V SMD 1206
3
4
C2, C4, C15, C27
100nF 50V SMD 0805
4
2
C1, C28
22uF/50V
5
1
C30
10µF/35V ceramic
6
1
C33
100µF/16V tantalum
7
1
C31
220pF
8
1
C32
22nF
9
2
D1, D2
SM15T36A
10
1
D3
STPS2L25U
11
2
J1, J4
Headers 2line 14pin
12
2
J2, J3
Terminal block 5,08mm
13
1
L1
33µH/2A
14
2
R1, R13
2k2
15
16
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10
1k5
R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22,
R23
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16
1
R26
15K
17
3
R12, R15, R25
4k7
18
1
R27
3k9
19
1
R11, R24
10k
20
1
J5
Terminal block 5.08mm
21
4
U2, U3, U7, U8
TLP281-4
22
2
U1, U5
VN808
23
2
U4, U6
TLP181
24
1
U9
L5970
25
2
F1, F2
7A
Note
AN2208
A.2
7 Test results
Recommended VN808 PCB Layout
The PCB layout is very important in order to operate the devices in the worst condition and
under EMC immunity.
Figure 52. VN808 RDB PCB layout (top and bottom)
Figure 53. VN808 RDB PCB layout (component side)
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7 Test results
Appendix B VN340SP reference design board (RDB)
B.1
VN340SP RDB bill of materials
The list of parts for the VN340SP Reference Design Board is provided in Table 13.
Table 13.
VN340SP RDB bill of materials
Item
Quantity
Reference
Part
1
4
C2, C3, C12, C15
10nF
2
2
C4, C16
100nF 50V 0805
3
8
C5, C6, C7, C8, C17, C18, C19, C20
4n7 500V 1206
4
2
C9, C21
22µF
5
1
C10
22nF
6
1
C11
220pF
7
1
C13
10uF/35V
Ceramic
8
1
C14
100uF/16V
Tantalum
9
2
D1, D4
SM15T36A
10
1
D3
STPS2L25U
11
2
D2, D5
L-HLMP1700
12
1
J5
Terminal Block 5.08mm
13
2
J1, J3
HEADER 2 line 10 pin
14
2
J2, J4
Terminal Block 5.08mm
15
1
L1
33uH/2A
16
13
R1, R2, R3, R4, R19, R10, R20, R21, R22, R23,
R29,
4k7
17
2
R5, R24
7k5
18
8
R6, R7, R8, R9, R25, R26, R27, R28,
22k
19
10
R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R30, R31, R32, R33,
R34, R16, R35
1k5
20
1
R17
15k
21
1
R18
3k9
22
2
F1, F2
Fuse 4A
23
2
U1, U6
TLP281-4
24
2
U2, U5
TLP181
25
2
U3, U7
VN340SP
26
1
U8
L5970D
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Note
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B.2
7 Test results
Recommended VN340SP RDB PCB layout
Figure 54. VN340SP RDB PCB layout (Top side) and (Bottom side)
Figure 55. VN340SP RDB PCB layout (component side)
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Appendix C L5970D DC/DC converter
C.1
Functional description
The L5970D (Figure 56) is a step-down power regulator capable of delivering output voltages
from 1.235 to 35V (up to 1A). The operating input voltage ranges from 4.4 to 36V. It is designed
in BCD5 technology and the power switching element is a P-Channel D-MOS power transistor.
An internal oscillator sets the switching frequency at 250 kHz, minimizing the LC output filter.
The L5970D is used for supplying optocouplers and other applications.
Figure 56. L5970D block diagram
VCC
VOLTAGE
MONITOR
TRIMMING
VREF
BUFFER
SUPPLY
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
VREF
1.235V 3.5V
INHIBIT
INH
PEAK TO PEAK
CURRENT LIMIT
COMP
E/A
+
FB
+
-
1.235V
SYNC
D
PWM
Q
Ck
LPDMOS
POWER
DRIVER
FREQUENCY
SHIFTER
OSCILLATOR
GND
OUT
Ai11607
The VN808 and VN340SP reference design boards use the L5970D DC/DC Converter for the
power supplies for the data parts. With an output voltage of 6V and output current up to 1A, the
L5970D is an attractive and simple solution.
The main internal blocks are shown in Figure 56 where is reported the device block diagram.
They are:
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●
A voltage regulator that supplies the internal circuitry. From this regulator a 3.3V reference
voltage is externally available.
●
A voltage monitor circuit that checks the input and internal voltages.
●
A fully integrated sawtooth oscillator whose frequency is 250 kHz ±5%, including also the
voltage feed forward function and an input/output synchronization pin.
●
Two embedded current limitations circuitries which control the current that flows through
the power switch. The Pulse by Pulse Current Limit forces the power switch OFF cycle by
cycle if the current reaches an internal threshold, while the Frequency Shifter reduces the
switching frequency in order to strongly reduce the duty cycle.
●
A transconductance error amplifier.
●
A pulse width modulator (PWM) comparator and the relative logic circuitry necessary to
drive the internal power.
●
A high-side driver for the internal P-MOS switch.
●
An inhibitor block for stand-by operation.
●
A circuit to provide the thermal protection function.
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7 Test results
The output voltage can be adjustable by voltage divider. In Figure 9 can be seen voltage divider
by resistors R26 and R27. The value of resistor R26 is equal to:
V OUT – V FB
R26 = R27  -------------------------------


V FB
Note:
VFB = 1.235 V
For more information and technical data about L5970D, refer to the L5970D datasheet.
C.2
L5970D layout recommendations
A optimized layout is on of the key factors to operate the DC/DC converter. It reduce noise and
interference. Power-generating portions of the layout are the main cause of noise, therefore, the
high switching current loop areas, should be kept as small as possible as well as lead lengths
has to be kept short as possible.
High impedance paths (in particular the feedback connections) are susceptible to interference
and so they should be as far as possible from the high current paths.
Below there is a layout example on Figure 57. The input and output loops are minimized to
avoid radiation and high frequency resonance problems. The feedback pin connections to the
external divider are very close to the device to avoid pick up noise. Moreover the GND pin of the
device is connected to the ground plane directly with VIA on the bottom side of the PCB.
Figure 57. L5970 DC/DC converter layout example
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7 Test results
C.3
L5970D DC/DC converter load test results
Table 14.
L5970D electrical characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
35
V
VSS
Operating input voltage
IQOP
Total operating quiescent current
2.4
5
mA
IOUTDC
Maximum limiting current
1.0
1.4
A
fS
Switching frequency
243
250
kHz
d
Duty cycle
100
%
TA
Operating Temperature Range
PTOTDC
Power dissipation at Tamb = 60°C
6.6
0
–25 to 85°C
°C
0.75
W
The DC/DC converter was tested with a constant output current with resistive load.
The Waveform on coil L1 has to be clear without overshot (see Figure 61., Figure 63.).
Input/output voltage ripple depends on ESR capacitor values.
Only low ESR capacitors have been used on VSS and VOUT.
Test conditions
●
Resistive load = 12Ω.
●
Input voltages VSS = 8, 12, and 24V.
●
Output voltage VBSS = 5V
●
Output current IOUTDC = 0.4A
●
Ambient Temperature (TA) = 25°C
Test results: If output current is increase up to 1.4 A, then the current limiter will be active.
Output voltage ripple can be seen in Figure 62. The maximum value of ripple is 93 mV. The
efficiency measurement results are shown in Figure 58.
Figure 58. Efficiency vs. output current
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7 Test results
Figure 59. Output voltage stability of L5970D, VSS = 24 V
Figure 60. Voltage ripple on capacitor C30, Figure 61. Waveform on coil L1, IOUTDC =
IOUTDC = 0.4A, VSS = 24V
0.4A, VSS = 24V
Figure 62. Voltage ripple on capacitor C33, Figure 63. Waveform on coil L1, without
VSS = 24V, IOUTDC = 0.4 A
load, VSS = 24V
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8 Revision history
8
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Revision history
Date
Revision
16-Sept-2005
1.0
Changes
Initial release.
AN2208
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