dm00041757

AN4009
Application note
STEVAL-IFP019V1: design with VNI4140K-32 quad high-side
smart power solid-state relay ICs
Introduction
The STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board has been developed to show the new
VNI4140K-32 device functionalities within industrial applications such as PLCs
(programmable logic controllers) which drive lamps, valves, relays, and similar loads.
This tool allows the evaluation of the VNI4140K-32 features, in particular all kinds of
embedded self-protections, power-handling capabilities, operation and diagnostic feedback,
thermal behavior, and conformity to inherent IEC standards.
Figure 1.
STEVAL-IFP019V1
A double-sided PCB allows the obtaining of the best trade-off between a routing solution
and thermal management results.
The main features of the demonstration board are:
January 2012
■
Four output channels (4 x 1 A)
■
Four input channels
■
Four feedback channels for diagnostic purposes
■
Bi-directional opto-isolated interface for MCU safe connection
■
TTL/CMOS compatible signals for MCU direct connection
■
LEDs to indicate output state
■
Compliance to IEC61000-4-4, IEC61000-4-5, and IEC61000-4-2
■
10.5 V to 36 V DC power supply voltage range.
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www.st.com
Contents
AN4009
Contents
1
Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2
Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3
VNI4140K-32 quad high-side smart power solid-state relay IC
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4
STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2
STEVAL-IFP019V1 schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3
STEVAL-IFP019V1 connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4
STEVAL-IFP019V1 thermal management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.5
EMC immunity test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5.1
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5.2
Burst immunity test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5.3
Surge test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.5.4
ESD test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Appendix A Bill of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Appendix B PCB layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Appendix C References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2/23
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AN4009
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
STEVAL-IFP019V1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
STEVAL-IFP019V1 top view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
STEVAL-IFP019V1 bottom view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
STEVAL-IFP019V1 schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
J1 connector pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
J5 connector pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
STEVAL-IFP019V1 PCB copper heatsink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Thermal map in steady-state condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Thermal map in demagnetization condition (1 Hz repetitive cycling on 48 W 1.2 H load) . 11
Steady-state thermal behavior 3D simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Repetitive demagnetization thermal behavior 3D simulation (1 Hz repetitive cycling on
48 W 1.2 H load) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Burst timing waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
EFT test set-up according to IEC 61000-4-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Surge standard timing waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Surge test set-up on supply voltage lines according to IEC 61000-4-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ESD test set-up according to IEC 61000-4-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
STEVAL-IFP019V1 component layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
STEVAL-IFP019V1 copper top layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
STEVAL-IFP019V1 copper bottom layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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Electrical characteristics
1
AN4009
Electrical characteristics
The electrical characteristics of the VNI4140K-32 demonstration board (STEVAL-IFP019V1)
are given in Table 1.
Table 1.
STEVAL-IFP019V1 electrical characteristics
Parameter
Value
Min.
Typ.
Notes
Max.
Operating conditions
Ambient operating temperature
85 °C
If the VNI4140K-32 junction
temperature exceeds 170 °C, the
device shuts down
Power supply
Vcc supply voltage
10.5 V
Vdd logic supply voltage
24 V
36 V
5V
250 µA
All channels in OFF state
Supply current on Vdd
2.4 mA
4.8 mA
ON state with Vin = 5 V
2.6 A
IC internally limited
VCC = 24 V; RLOAD < 10 mΩ
Output stage
Output channel on current limitation
1A
Maximum DC output current
dV/dt (on) turn-on voltage slope
4 V/µs
IOUT = 0.5 A, resistive load
dV/dt (off) turn-off voltage slope
4 V/µs
IOUT = 0.5 A, resistive load
Demagnetization protection
Output voltage on inductive turn-off
4/23
VCC-41
VCC-45
VCC-52
Doc ID 022458 Rev 1
IOUT = 0.5 A; LLOAD >= 1 mH
AN4009
2
Safety precautions
Safety precautions
The board must be used only by expert technicians. The copper areas around the
VNI4140K-32 device have a heatsink function, visible in the top layer layout view, refer to
Figure 8. In case of short-circuit, current limiting or hard demagnetization, the STEVALIFP019V1 board, or part of it, may reach a very high temperature with consequent dangers.
No specific protections are implemented for reverse DC accidental connection. Remember
that an electrolytic capacitor is connected to the supply bus, therefore a reverse continuous
DC voltage applied to it may produce a dangerous explosion.
Warning:
ST assumes no responsibility for any consequences which
may result from the improper use of this tool.
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VNI4140K-32 quad high-side smart power solid-state relay IC description
3
AN4009
VNI4140K-32 quad high-side smart power solid-state
relay IC description
The VNI4140K-32 is a monolithic 4-channel driver featuring a very low supply current. The
IC, which uses STMicroelectronics VIPower™ technology, is intended for driving loads with
one side connected to ground.
Active channel current limitation, combined with thermal shutdown (independent for each
channel), and automatic restart, protect the device against overload.
The main features of the VNI4140K-32 IC are:
●
Output current: 1 A per channel
●
Shorted load protections for each channel
●
Junction overtemperature protection
●
Case overtemperature protection for thermal independence of the channels
●
Thermal case shutdown and restart not simultaneous in each single channel
●
Protection against ground disconnection
●
Current limitation
●
Undervoltage shutdown
●
Open drain diagnostic outputs
●
3.3 V CMOS/TTL compatible inputs
●
Fast demagnetization of inductive loads
●
Conforms to IEC 61131-2.
Figure 2.
Block diagram
6CC
5NDERVOLTAGE
$ETECTION
)NPUT 6CCCLAMP
)NPUT #LAMP0OWER
)NPUT '.$
)NPUT /UTPUT ,OGIC
#URREN,IMITER
/UTPUT 3TATUS
*UNCTION4EMP
$ETECTION
/UTPUT 3TATUS
3AMESTRUCTURE
F ORALLCHANNELS
3TATUS
3TATUS
/UTPUT #ASE4EMP
$ETECTION
!-V
Active current limitation avoids that the system power supply drops in case of a shorted
load. In overload condition, the channel turns off and back on automatically after the IC
temperatures decrease below a threshold fixed by a temperature hysteresis so that junction
6/23
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AN4009
VNI4140K-32 quad high-side smart power solid-state relay IC description
temperature is controlled. If this condition causes the case temperature to reach the case
temperature limit (TCSD), overloaded channels (i.e. the ones for which junction temperature
has exceeded the junction protection threshold, TjSD, and has not fallen below the junction
protection reset threshold, TjR) are turned off. These channels restart, non-simultaneously,
only when the case temperature decreases below the case protection reset threshold (TCR).
Non-overloaded channels continue to operate normally.
The open drain diagnostic outputs indicate related channel overtemperature conditions.
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STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
AN4009
4
STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
4.1
Overview
The VNI4140K-32 demonstration board is composed of two main sections:
●
Opto-isolated interface for input and status signals
●
A four-channel self-protect power stage section with STMicroelectronics Transil™
diode protection
The demonstration board consists of a double-sided FR4 printed circuit board with 35 µm
copper plating. The PCB dimensions are 52 mm x 68 mm. The top and bottom views are
shown below.
8/23
Figure 3.
STEVAL-IFP019V1 top view
Figure 4.
STEVAL-IFP019V1 bottom view
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4.2
AN4009
STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
STEVAL-IFP019V1 schematic
!-V
STEVAL-IFP019V1 schematic
# N&,6 9/23
STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
4.3
AN4009
STEVAL-IFP019V1 connectors
The demonstration board is equipped with input and output connectors. Specifically, there
are two input header connectors (J5 and J1), one 4-channel output connector (M1), and a
supply voltage connector (M2).
Both input connectors, J5 and J1, provide the same bi-directional signals guaranteeing the
maximum compatibility with existing STMicroelectronics tools such as the industrial
communication board (see AN2451) and similar products.
Figure 6.
J1 connector pinout
!-V
Figure 7.
J5 connector pinout
!-V
Table 2.
10/23
J1 and J5 pin description
J1 pin number
J5 pin number
Signal
Type
11
1
Vdd
5/3.3 V supply voltage
23
2
GND
Signal ground
9
3
IN1
Input channel 1
13
4
IN2
Input channel 2
15
5
IN3
Input channel 3
17
6
IN4
Input channel 4
6
7
STAT1
Status channel 1
25
8
STAT2
Status channel 2
21
9
STAT3
Status channel 3
19
10
STAT4
Status channel 4
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AN4009
4.4
STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
STEVAL-IFP019V1 thermal management
The STEVAL-IFP019V1 PCB has two heatsinks: approximately 1 sq. cm on the top layer
and 3 sq. cm on the bottom layer, thermally interconnected through 9 vias, as shown in
Figure 8.
In a steady-state condition, low RDS(on) ensures a very low dissipation but in current
limitation and in fast demagnetization, the power dissipation is much higher, requiring a low
thermal resistance through the device exposed tab, soldering space, top layer, vias and
bottom layer path. A 35 µm copper (10 oz/sq. ft) thickness and 0.3 mm diameter for the vias
are used according to EIA/JESD51-5.
Figure 8.
STEVAL-IFP019V1 PCB copper heatsink
Figure 9 and 11 show the STEVAL-IFP019V1 temperature map with all channels
permanently switched on with 48 Ω loads, 24 V supply voltage and ambient temperature of
25 °C. The IC temperature increase is only about a few degrees.
Figure 10 and 12 show a similar map when the IC is cycling at 1 Hz, 50% duty cycle, 48 Ω
1.2 H loads, 24 V supply voltage and ambient temperature of 25 °C.
Figure 9.
Thermal map in steady-state
condition
Figure 10. Thermal map in demagnetization
condition (1 Hz repetitive cycling on
48 Ω 1.2 H load)
AM01851v1
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AM01852v1
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STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
Figure 11. Steady-state thermal behavior 3D
simulation
AN4009
Figure 12. Repetitive demagnetization thermal
behavior 3D simulation (1 Hz
repetitive cycling on 48 Ω 1.2 H
load)
AM01853v1
AM01854v1
In particular, Figure 11 and 12 show 3D thermal modeling of the device.
4.5
EMC immunity test
4.5.1
Description
The STEVAL-IFP019V1 has been tested according IEC61000-4-4, IEC61000-4-5 and
IEC61000-4-2. (Burst, surge and electrostatic discharge). The evaluation criteria (shown
below) reported in the standards has been used to verify the acceptance of the results.
4.5.2
●
Normal performance
●
Temporary degradation or loss of function or performance, with automatic return to
normal operation
●
Temporary degradation or loss of function with of external intervention to recover
normal operation
●
Degradation or loss of function, need substitution of damaged components to recover
normal operation.
Burst immunity test
The signal according the IEC61000-4-4:
●
Pulse duration: 5 ns +/- 30%
●
Pulse duration: 50 ns +/- 30%
●
Polarity: positive/negative
●
Burst duration (td): 15 ms+/- 20% at 5 kHz
●
Burst period (tr): 300 ms+/- 20%
●
Duration time T: 1 minute
●
Applied to: supply voltage lines, output line through capacitive clamp and directly
through embedded coupling capacitor in the generator.
Figure 13 below shows the standard timing waveform applied during the burst test.
12/23
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AN4009
STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
Figure 13. Burst timing waveform
Table 3 shows the results of an inherent burst test. Normal performance has been observed
when applying four different disturbance levels on the output ports and Vcc main voltage
power supply.
Table 3.
Application EFT (burst) robustness, applied to supply voltage lines
EFT test signal amplitude, test result @ polarity (+/-)
Configuration
Note:
1 kV
2 kV
3 kV
4 kV
5 kV
Standard
A/A
A/A
A/A
B/B
B/B
Primary and secondary GNDs
shorted
A/A
A/A
B/A
B/B
B/B
1
Outputs floating.
2
To reach same results reported in the tables above, it is necessary to replace C7 and C8
with two high voltage capacitors.
Table 4.
Application EFT (burst) robustness, applied to output lines
EFT test signal amplitude, test result @ polarity (+/-)
Configuration
Standard
Note:
1 kV
2 kV
3 kV
4 kV
5 kV
A/A
A/A
B/B
B /B
B /B
Outputs loaded by 1 kΩ resistors.
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STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
AN4009
Figure 14. EFT test set-up according to IEC 61000-4-4
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4.5.3
Surge test
A high energy surge test was performed in differential mode. A high surge signal was
injected on the DUT (device under test) through a 42 Ω decoupling resistor. The test
consisted of three positive and three negative discharges with a repetition rate of 1
discharge per minute.
Figure 15 shows the standard timing waveform applied on the DUT.
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STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
Figure 15. Surge standard timing waveform
●
Test signal according the IEC 61000-4-5:
–
5 positive and 5 negative surges
–
Repetition rate: 1 minute
–
Coupling: 42 Ω/0.5 µF
Applied to:
Table 5.
–
Supply lines (Vcc, GND)
–
Differential mode (DM), Vcc vs. GND
–
Common mode (CM), Vcc vs. Earth
–
OUTPUT lines (OUT1)
–
Differential mode (DM), Vcc vs. GND
–
Common mode (CM), Vcc vs. Earth
Application test results, surge applied to supply lines
Surge test signal amplitude, test result @ polarity (+/-)
Configuration
Mode
1 kV
1.5 kV
2 kV
2.5 kV
3 kV
Differential
B/A
-
B/B
-
B/B
Common
A/B
-
B/A
-
B/B
Standard evalboard
Table 6.
Application test results, surge applied to supply lines
Surge test signal amplitude, test result @ polarity (+/-)
Configuration
Mode
1 kV
1.5 kV
2 kV
2.5 kV
3 kV
Differential
B/B
-
B/B
-
B/B
Common
B/B
-
B/B
-
B/B
Standard evalboard
Note:
to reach same results reported in the tables above, it is necessary to replace C7 and C8
with two high voltage capacitors.
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STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
AN4009
Figure 16. Surge test set-up on supply voltage lines according to IEC 61000-4-5
Surge Generator
2
Internal Impedance
Battery cells
24V
STEVAL-IFP019V1
42 /0.5 F
Coupling
Metal plane
0.1m thick isolation
Supply Voltage
Lines
Ref Plane
Connection
Ref Plane
Connection
1m
AM11024v1
4.5.4
ESD test
The test signal according the IEC 61000-4-2:
–
Contact discharge/ air discharge
–
Polarity: positive/negative
–
Discharge unit: 150 pF/330 Ω
–
Applied to: board output terminal
Figure 17. ESD test set-up according to IEC 61000-4-2
Metal plane
(Horizontal
coupling plane)
ESD Gun
Bleeder wires
470kk
STEVAL -IFP019V1
Evalboard
Isolation
470kk
Supports
(3cm)
2.2k
k
470k
2.2k
k
80cm
Power Supply
ESD 30 Generator
…
470kk
(Battery cells)
GND Plane
AM11031v1
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STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board description
Table 7.
Discharge
mode
Application ESD robustness
ESD test signal amplitude, test result @ polarity (+ / -)
5 kV
10 kV
15 kV
20 kV
25 kV
Contact
B/B
B/B
B/B
B/B
B/B
Air
B/B
B/B
B/B
B/B
B/B
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Bill of material
AN4009
Appendix A
Bill of material
Table 8.
18/23
STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board bill of material
Designator
Part type
Description
RR1
10 kΩ x 4
SMD resistor pack 1206 format
RR2
10 kΩ x 4
SMD resistor pack 1206 format
RR3
1 kΩ x 4
SMD resistor pack 1206 format
RR4
10 kΩ x 4
SMD resistor pack 1206 format
RR5
47 kΩ x 4
SMD resistor pack 1206 format
C1
10 nF LV
SMD capacitor 1206 format
C2
10 nF LV
SMD capacitor 1206 format
C3
10 nF LV
SMD capacitor 1206 format
C4
10 nF LV
SMD capacitor 1206 format
C5
100 nF
SMD capacitor 1206 format
C6
47 µF 50 V
SMD electrolytic capacitor
C7
4.7 nF
SMD capacitor 1206 format
C8
4.7 nF
SMD capacitor 1206 format
D1
SM15T39AC
Transil™ diode
DL1
LED diode
SMD LED diode 0805 format
DL2
LED diode
SMD LED diode 0805 format
DL3
LED diode
SMD LED diode 0805 format
DL4
LED diode
SMD LED diode 0805 format
OPT1
PC3Q66Q
4-channel opto-isolator
OPT2
PC3Q66Q
4-channel opto-isolator
IC1
VNI4140K-32
ST IC industrial 4 CH HSD
J1
Header 34-pin
Compatible EVALCOMMBOARD
J2
Jumper
Overvoltage test
J3
Jumper
Ground disconnection test
J4
Jumper
Vcc disconnection test
J5
Header 14-pin
Compatible ST7CANIC DB
M1
4 screw plugs
HSD output connector
M2
2 screw plugs
Power supply connector
T1
Test point
HSD output channel 1 voltage
T2
Test point
HSD output channel 2 voltage
T3
Test point
HSD output channel 3 voltage
T4
Test point
HSD output channel 4 voltage
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Bill of material
Table 8.
STEVAL-IFP019V1 demonstration board bill of material (continued)
Designator
Part type
Description
T5
Test point
HSD input channel 1 signal
T6
Test point
HSD input channel 2 signal
T7
Test point
HSD input channel 3 signal
T8
Test point
HSD input channel 4 signal
T9
Test point
HSD channel 1 status
T10
Test point
HSD channel 2 status
T11
Test point
HSD channel 3 status
T12
Test point
HSD channel 4 status
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PCB layout
AN4009
Appendix B
PCB layout
Figure 18. STEVAL-IFP019V1 component layer
Figure 19. STEVAL-IFP019V1 copper top layer Figure 20. STEVAL-IFP019V1 copper bottom
layer
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References
Appendix C
1.
References
AN1351 application note
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Revision history
AN4009
Revision history
Table 9.
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Document revision history
Date
Revision
10-Jan-2012
1
Changes
Initial release
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