dm00030303

AN3410
Application note
A 93% efficient LED driver solution for the US market
Introduction
This application note describes an LED driver that meets present requirements for the US
market. It utilizes ST’s L6564 power factor controller in an unconventional circuit to regulate
the input power to a step-down switching regulator. The circuit also compensates for
variations in LED voltage drop, to maintain the average output current in a tight band over a
wide range of line voltage and LED characteristics. While the input current waveform is not
perfectly sinusoidal, power factor and harmonic content are well within the requirements for
the US commercial market. The form factor was designed to fit into the PAR38 envelope the driver and LEDs can be used to replace 65 W incandescent floodlamps.
Figure 1.
■
Specifications:
– Output current 350 mA +/-3% over 90 V-138 V line range
– Load: 18 series-connected 1 W LEDs
– Efficiency > 93%
– Power factor > 0.97
– Dimmer safe
– Non-isolated
■
ST devices:
– L6564 transition-mode PFC controller
– STD5NM50 FET
– STTH1R04A fast recovery diode
– TS321AILT low power op amp
Physical envelope
!-V
Figure 2.
STEVAL-ILL041V1 demonstration board picture
September 2011
Doc ID 018890 Rev 1
1/28
www.st.com
Contents
AN3410
Contents
1
Schematic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2
Circuit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1
Power components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2
Power factor controller operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3
Controlling the LED average current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4
Setting the “DC” operating point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5
Designing the “DC” control loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3
Control loop dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4
Performance with LED loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5
Graphical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6
Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7
Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8
Component stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9
Thermal stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10
Conducted EMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
11
PC layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12
Bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
13
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
14
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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AN3410
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Physical envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
STEVAL-ILL041V1 demonstration board picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Circuit schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Constant-power V-I curve and linear approximation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Linear approximation error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Input current compensated for 3 levels of output power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Error for 3 levels of load power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
LED current vs. line voltage for 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Power factor vs. line voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Efficiency vs. line voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Power loss vs. line voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Waveforms at 96 V line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Waveforms at 108 V line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Waveforms at 120 V line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Waveforms at 132 V line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Startup waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Component electrical stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Conducted EMI, line 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Conducted EMI, line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Top side foil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Top side placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Bottom side layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Bottom side placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Doc ID 018890 Rev 1
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AN3410
!-V
AN3410
Circuit description
2
Circuit description
2.1
Power components
C7, L2, and L3 provide filtering for conducted EMI. Bridge rectifier BR1 feeds the step-down
(buck) switching regulator. The regulator appears inverted – the flywheel diode, D1, is
connected to the positive rail instead of the negative. Q2 pulls the inductor input negative,
rather than positive. Inductor L1 filters the PWM voltage into a triangle wave of current. C2
removes the high-frequency ripple and attenuates the 120 Hz component in the LED load.
Note that the buck regulator is not capable of supplying power to the load if the load voltage
is greater than the input voltage. There are “flat spots” in the input current waveform around
the input voltage zero crossings. Power factor remains excellent, even with this distortion.
2.2
Power factor controller operation
Startup
The circuit starts up with a trickle of current into C8 through R7. It takes about ¼ second to
charge C8 to U1’s startup voltage. The trickle current adds to LED current, slightly improving
circuit efficiency.
The startup timer in U1 starts the switching cycle by turning on Q2. Current in Q2 and L1
increases from zero to about 1400 mA at the peaks of the input sinewave. This current
appears on R22 which drops about 1 volt max.
L1’s current continues to flow after Q2 turns off, instead flowing in D1. The current ramps
toward zero, at which time D1 turns off. The FET drain voltage then begins to fall.
Quasi-resonant FET turn-on
L1 and stray capacitance then ring the voltage at D1’s anode down to about twice the LED
voltage below the positive rail. When the ringing voltage turns up, U1 senses the end of L1’s
discharge and turns on Q2 very close to the minimum ringing voltage, starting the next
cycle. Current in L1’s upper winding therefore ramps between zero and twice the load
current.
When Q2 turns on, D1 has already turned off, so Q2 never sees D1’s reverse recovery
current.
Bootstrap power
Housekeeping power is supplied by the auxiliary (lower) winding on L1. The winding is
connected through D4 so that the transformed LED voltage (positive) is applied to C9, which
powers U2, and C8 which powers U1. R2 and C9 form a filter to remove ringing spikes due
to leakage inductance.
The auxiliary (lower) winding on L1 has a turns ratio that puts about 15 V on C9 with the AC
line applied. The voltage on C9 is proportional to the LED voltage. This will limit the number
of series LEDs in the load to a relatively narrow range, set by the acceptable Vcc for U1 and
U2.
The auxiliary winding also provides U1 with timing for the zero-current sensing function,
through R5.
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Circuit description
2.3
AN3410
Controlling the LED average current
The control circuit works by controlling average input power. For this explanation, it is
assumed that the power converter efficiency is constant over the range of line voltage and
LED voltage. Therefore, average output power is also controlled.
Linear approximation of input power
Over a narrow range of line voltage, the sum of scaled average line voltage and scaled
average line current closely approximates a constant power curve. If the sum is held
constant, the input power can be held approximately constant by a feedback circuit.
Figure 4.
Constant-power V-I curve and linear approximation
Figure 5 below shows the approximation’s error over a typical line voltage range.
Figure 5.
Linear approximation error
This will be explained in more detail later.
Obtaining the line voltage reference
In previous work it was found that the reference waveform for the inverted step-down
switching regulator should be taken from the negative output terminal for best power factor.
This point gives a line current waveform that goes to zero around the zero crossings and
rises (and falls) more rapidly than the line voltage sine wave. (The converter input current
goes to zero when line voltage falls below the DC output voltage.) The resulting line current
can be seen in the scope photos. It’s ugly, but the power factor is excellent and THD is
acceptable.
Average line voltage (minus the LED voltage) is derived from the peak voltage at the bottom
of the LED string by R6, R15, and R20. U1 contains a precision peak detector, which places
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AN3410
Circuit description
the peak from this divider on C6. (Normally this voltage is used internally by the L6564 to
adjust its multiplier gain to accommodate a wide line voltage range.)
Obtaining the line current (the controlled variable)
The vast majority of input current flows through R22, the sense resistor for the PFC-flyback
converter. The average of the current in R22 and the average of the line voltage (minus the
LED voltage) will be used in the power calculation.
Calculating the average power
Scaling and addition of voltage and current is done by R17 and R14. The AC noise present
at their junction is removed by C12 - the DC voltage on C12 now represents the input power
as calculated by the linear approximation. This voltage will be regulated by the slow PFC
feedback loop.
Op amp U2 is wired as a non-inverting amplifier. The feedback loop requires only one
inversion, supplied by the op amp in U1.
U2 performs three different functions:
–
Derives a reference voltage from U1.
–
Provides gain for the relatively low voltage on C12.
–
Provides a point in the circuit to compensate for different LED voltages.
A DC reference voltage is derived from U1’s inverting input. This point will always be at 2.5 V
if the control loop is in steady-state, because there is no DC current path to any other
voltage source. The reference voltage is delivered to U2’s inverting input by divider R18R21. The voltage divider R18-R21 also sets the DC gain for U2.
If this circuit acted alone, the input power would be (approximately) regulated to a fixed
value, and the LED current would inversely track the LED voltage.
2.4
Setting the “DC” operating point
The control loop is to set the average current through R22 to deliver slightly more than the
desired LED current when both the line voltage and LED voltage are at design center.
Deviations of line and LED voltage from this point will then cause smaller deviations of LED
current.
The input current required is ILED x VLED / (VLINE x efficiency). The straight-line
approximation (of the constant-power curve) should give equal voltage from the average line
voltage and the average input current.
The value of R22 is determined from the usual calculations (see ST’s excellent application
note AN1059, reference 1).
The average input current (in R22) can now be calculated from the design center line
voltage, output power, and efficiency. At design center line voltage, LED current, and LED
voltage, the average voltage appearing across R17 due to current from R14 must match the
average voltage on R22.
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Circuit description
AN3410
Stirring in the LED voltage
Compensation for LED voltage changes follows two paths in this design:
–
by direct subtraction of the LED voltage from the line voltage (path 1)
–
from the transformed LED voltage on C9 through R12 (path 2).
Path 1
An increase of LED voltage will reduce the voltage at U1 pin 5. This reduces current through
R14. The feedback loop will then call for more line current to compensate.
Path 2
The voltage compensation obtained from the 18-LED load is not quite sufficient to flatten the
LED current over the expected range of LED voltage, so the second path through R12 is
also implemented. The LED voltage (multiplied by L1’s turns ratio) is available on D4’s
cathode, filtered by C9. Current proportional to this voltage is delivered to U2’s inverting
input by R12. The reference for the operating point is thus compensated by the LED voltage.
The figures below show the results of compensating the input current setting for load
voltage.
Figure 6.
Input current compensated for 3 levels of output power
In Figure 6 the reference has been compensated by adding a current proportional to the
LED voltage. Three levels of input power are shown, corresponding to LED voltages of 10%
below nominal, nominal, and 10% above nominal. Figure 7 below shows the error between
the approximations and the ideal values.
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AN3410
Circuit description
Figure 7.
Error for 3 levels of load power
Note that the curves coincide at the nominal line voltage, where LED voltage compensation
is perfect. Also, for nominal LED voltage, line voltage compensation is at its best, +/-1.5%.
Over the entire range of line voltage (120 V +10%,-20%) and LED (+/-10%) voltage, the
variation of LED current is less than 4.5% (+1.5%, -3%).
2.5
Designing the “DC” control loop
Finding values for the resistors in this loop is surprisingly easy.
(For this procedure, diode drops will be ignored for simplicity.)
Let us assume that the average LED current is to be 350 mA, and a string of 18 LEDs drops
about 54.6 V. Output power is 18 watts. Input power will be assumed to be 20 W (90%
efficiency, actually conservative).
Assume the input current and voltage waveforms are sine waves (power factor is high, so
this is a good assumption).
The converter output current waveform is a triangle wave with an (assumed) rectified
sinusoidal upper envelope, and a lower envelope at zero. The short-term average of the
triangle wave is half its height. The rectified sinusoid has an average current of 63% of its
peak current.
At the peak of the input voltage, the peak current delivered to the LEDs is therefore.
Equation 1
We will allow some margin for the relatively slow fall time of the drain voltage due to the zero
current detection, so the peak current will be slightly higher. We will design the inductor for
1.4 A peak current in the main winding. The L6564 control chip has an upper voltage limit on
its current sense input of 1.08 V for linear operation. So the maximum value of R22 is
Equation 2
Doc ID 018890 Rev 1
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Circuit description
AN3410
Select 0.681 Ω.
Average input current will be slightly lower than expected - the input voltage and current are
assumed sinusoidal, and the average current will be 0.9 times the input rms current. So at
the design center of 115 V, average input current is
Equation 3
The bulk of this current flows in R22, so the average voltage on R22 is
Equation 4
0.156A * 0.681 Ohms = 0.106V
R17 serves two functions - it is part of the linear approximation calculation, and part of a
low-pass filter that cleans up both the triangular FET drain current pulses and the 120 Hz
envelope. A value of 20 kΩ has been selected somewhat arbitrarily.
At our nominal operating point, the average voltage developed on R17 due to line voltage
must be equal to the average voltage at its lower end from R22. The current required is
Equation 5
The L6564 Vff terminal connects internally to a precision peak detector. Its normal function,
which will not be used, is to reduce the loop gain at high line voltages. However, the peak
detector function gives us a buffered peak line voltage (minus LED voltage) reference.
If LED voltage is zero, the entire line voltage appears on divider R6-R15-R20. For nominal
line, the peak voltage at U1's MULT input is
Equation 6
=3.61 V
To provide the 5.3 µA needed by the linear compensator,
Equation 7
We will use the nearest standard value, 649 kΩ.
We will now examine the LED voltage compensation, to determine the values of R12, R18,
and R21.
If there is no LED voltage, there will be no reflected voltage from L1's auxiliary winding. (We
will assume the circuit runs anyway) Therefore, R12 contributes no current. Since there is
no output voltage there will be no output power, and since efficiency is assumed constant,
no input power. Therefore, there will be no voltage on R22, and the only voltage on C12 will
be the divided line peak voltage from C6. Divider R17-R14 will deliver 0.106 V to the noninverting input of U2.
If the loop is balanced, the op amp output will be at exactly 2.5 V (so that the COMP terminal
on U1 does not move). The op amp inputs will be at exactly the same voltage, 0.106 V.
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AN3410
Circuit description
To find the value of R21, we first arbitrarily select 25.2 kΩ for R18. R21’s value is then
Equation 8
=1.115 kΩ
Use 1.10 kΩ.
Now we examine the operating points when the LEDs are at nominal voltage. The peak
voltage at U1's Vff terminal will now be
Equation 9
So at nominal input power (20 W) the average voltage applied to C12 and U2's non-inverting
input is the voltage from R22 plus the divided voltage from R14 and R17:
Equation 10
R12 must be selected to deliver this voltage at U2's inverting input.
The equivalent voltage and resistance presented by U2's 2.50 V output and the R18-R21
divider is:
Equation 11
R12 must bring the voltage on U2's inverting input up to 0.175 V from 1.06 V when the
reflected LED voltage is at its nominal value.
Neglecting diode and R2 drops, the voltage at the top of R12 is the LED voltage times the
turns ratio of L1's auxiliary winding:
Equation 12
R12 must provide enough current to bring the voltage up to 0.175V. The added voltage due
to R12 must be 0.175 V - 0.104 V = 0.071 V.
R12's value is then
Equation 13
We will use 240 kΩ.
Some trimming may be required to hit the 350 mA * 1.012 target to center the operating
point in the error band.
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Circuit description
AN3410
In summary, the parts selected are:
12/28
–
R22 0.681 Ω
–
R17 20 kΩ
–
R14 649 kΩ
–
R18 25.2 kΩ
–
R21 1.10 kΩ
–
R12 240 kΩ
Doc ID 018890 Rev 1
AN3410
3
Control loop dynamics
Control loop dynamics
The control loop is intentionally very slow, much slower than a normal PFC loop. The reason
is that the eye perceives abrupt changes of light intensity as flashes.
The eye has an intensity control loop of its own, which adjusts the light falling on the retina
by controlling the iris opening. The loop bandwidth is about ¼ Hz. If light level changes
occur slower than this, they are not perceived as flashes. the iris can keep up with the
change.
The LED driver control loop is set up as a continuous -20 dB/decade / 90 degrees lag
system, which gives a response to perturbations having no overshoot.
The current control loop breakpoints are:
–
A pole at zero frequency
–
A pole at 0.35 Hz (R17-C12)
–
A zero at 0.35 Hz (R25-C11)
A third pole at high frequency due to noise filter C5 (gain is well below unity at this corner the pole is inconsequential).
The pole due to R17 and C12 is essential to the system – switching ripple and the 120 Hz
envelope must be filtered. The R25-C11 zero cancels this pole, keeping the gain slope at 20 dB/decade.
There are two problems that affect the control loop:
–
There is a second path in the system that gives positive feedback, the
compensation for LED voltage. Fortunately, the voltage loop gain is low due to the
low dynamic resistance of the LEDs, typically 1 Ohm per LED. Changes in the
input power can only cause very small changes in the LED voltage.
–
The R18-R21 voltage divider, necessary for the DC control scheme, gives
considerable unnecessary loop gain.
Note that R23 provides a very handy single-point gain adjustment. Increasing its value
reduces the gain of the entire loop. This is a good point for stability testing - it should be
possible to reduce the value of R23 by a factor of 2 to 4 (6-12dB) before sustained (slow!)
oscillation results.
Control loop transient response can be observed at startup (see Figure 16). The LED
current rises rapidly (a nice transient), and the control loop takes over very smoothly. The
LED current should not overshoot, and it should settle to its final level within 2 or 3 seconds.
Either excessive gain (overshoot) or unmatched time constants for the breakpoint networks
R17-C12 and R25-C11 (lumps or dips in the startup waveforms) can cause strange
behavior during startup.
Excessive gain can result in ringing or sustained oscillation - both are quite annoying.
Mismatched breakpoints can result in a dip or rise of output current about 1.5 seconds after
the unit starts. The result is not too annoying, but it should be corrected - customers demand
smooth operation.
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Performance with LED loads
4
AN3410
Performance with LED loads
The unit was designed to source 350 mA into a string of 18 1 W LEDs. The project goal was
to obtain the highest possible efficiency.
Table 1.
Numeric data for 18-LED load
Line voltage
90 V
96 V
102 V
108 V
114 V
120 V
126 V
132 V
138 V
Input power, watts
20.5
20.77
20.82
20.61
20.51
20.46
20.31
19.95
19.48
Power factor
0.973
0.978
0.982
0.985
0.987
0.988
0.990
0.991
0.991
Output voltage
54.8
54.8
54.7
54.7
54.6
54.6
54.5
54.4
54.3
Output current, amps
0.348
0.353
0.355
0.352
0.351
0.35
0.348
0.342
0.334
Output power, watts
19.070
19.344
19.418
19.254
19.164
19.110
18.966
18.604
18.136
Efficiency%
93.03
93.14
93.27
93.42
93.44
93.40
93.38
93.26
93.10
Power loss, watts
1.429
1.425
1.401
1.355
1.345
1.350
1.344
1.345
1.343
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5
Graphical data
Graphical data
Figure 8.
LED current vs. line voltage for 18
Figure 9.
Power factor vs. line voltage
Figure 10. Efficiency vs. line voltage
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Graphical data
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Figure 11. Power loss vs. line voltage
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6
Waveforms
Waveforms
Trace colors:
–
Yellow = line voltage, 50 V/div ref 0
–
Magenta = line current, 100 mA/div ref 0
–
Blue = LED voltage, 10 V/div ref -3 div
–
Green = LED current, 100 mA/div ref -3 div
Figure 12. Waveforms at 96 V line
Figure 13. Waveforms at 108 V line
Figure 14. Waveforms at 120 V line
Figure 15. Waveforms at 132 V line
Note that the flat spot near the zero crossing becomes longer as the load voltage becomes
a larger percentage of the line voltage (low line is worst). This will place an upper limit on the
LED output voltage as waveform distortion reduces power factor. The design can be pushed
to higher numbers of LEDs, up to the point where power factor or THD become limiting
factors.
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Startup
7
AN3410
Startup
Startup scope photo - cold start, everything discharged, 7 LEDs, 120 V input.
Trace colors:
–
Yellow AC line, 100 V/div, ref +2 div
–
Blue LED voltage, 10 V/div, ref -3 div
–
Green LED current, 100 mA/div, ref -3 div
Figure 16. Startup waveforms
This startup time is too long for some applications. Some circuitry should be added to
increase the current limit during startup. An R-C series network could be added from U1 pin
1 to ground (pin 8). The network would have no effect once the feedback loop takes over –
the voltage on pin 1 is stable at 2.5 V.
The time can also be reduced by reducing the value of R7, but this will reduce efficiency.
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8
Component stress
Component stress
This plot was taken near the peak of line voltage, where stresses are greatest.
Trace colors:
–
Yellow Q2 drain voltage, 100 V/div, ref -3 div
–
Blue Q2 drain current, 0.735 A/div, ref -3 div
–
Magenta D1 diode voltage, 100 mA/div, ref -3 div
Figure 17. Component electrical stress
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Thermal stress
9
AN3410
Thermal stress
It is not likely that the layout will be used as is by the customer. The temperatures below are
for guidance only – measurements were taken after 30 minutes operation, in open air, on
the workbench, in a 25.3 °C ambient, 120 V input, 18 LED load. The board axis was
horizontal, board position vertical. L3 was above L2.
Table 2.
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Thermal stress
Component
Temperature
L2
40.3
BR1
62.4
Q2
52.5
L1
51.4
L3
46.1
U1
42.3
D1
59.3
C2
32.2
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10
Conducted EMI
Conducted EMI
The following plots each show the maximum of 3 successive sweeps (peak hold).
Figure 18. Conducted EMI, line 1
Figure 19. Conducted EMI, line 2
This unit should pass average and quasi-peak testing as is. If difficulties are encountered,
the values of C7 and C1 can be increased at the expense of reduced power factor.
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PC layout
11
AN3410
PC layout
Figure 20. Top side foil
!-V
Figure 21. Top side placement
!-V
Figure 22. Bottom side layout
!-V
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PC layout
Figure 23. Bottom side placement
!-V
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Bill of materials
AN3410
12
Bill of materials
Table 3.
BOM
Designator
Comment
Description
Footprint
Manufacturer
Vendor
BR1
Bridge 0.8 A
1A DIP bridge
RH0x
Diodes Inc HD06
Digi-Key HD06DICT-ND
C1, C7
220 nF 250 V
Capacitor
BOXSDLWH7.5
-0.6-10.3-6-10.8
Panasonic ECQE2224KB
Digi-Key P10971-ND
C2
470 µF 63 V
Capacitor
CEH16x20 mm
Panasonic EEUFC1J471
Digi-Key P10352-ND
C5
0.1 µF
Capacitor
0805
0805 X7R
C6
1.0 µF
Capacitor
0805
Murata
GRM21BR71C105M
A01L
Digi-Key 490-1692-1ND
C8, C9,
C12
22 µF 25 V
Capacitor
CEV5MMP
Panasonic EEAFC1E220
Digi-Key FC series
P11213-ND
C11
2.2 µF
Capacitor
0805
0805 Z5V
C13
2.2 nF
Capacitor
0805
0805 X7R
D1
STTH1R04A
Diode
SMA
ST STTH1R04A
D4, D8,
D10
MMSD4148
Diode
SOD-123
Fairchild MMSD4148
Digi-Key MMSD4148ND
F1
1A
Fuse
RES0.5
Littelfuse
0251001.MXL
Digi-Key F2313-ND
L1
Cramer E35882
inductor
Shulin EF-20
bobbin
Cramer E35882
Inductor
L2, L3
1 mHy 0.5 A
Inductor
INDUC9MMVE
RT
Wurth 744 772 102
Q2
STD5NM50
FET N-CHAN
D-PAK
ST STD5NM50
R1, R7
47 kΩ
Resistor
1206
1206 5%
R2
47 Ω
Resistor
0805
0805 5%
R3, R6,
R15
220 kΩ
Resistor
1206
1206 5%
R5
47 kΩ
Resistor
0805
0805 5%
R8, R9
10 kΩ
Resistor
1206
0805 5%
R11
150 kΩ 1%
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
R12
453 kΩ 1%
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
R13
0 Ω jumper
Resistor
0805
0805 000
R14
681 kΩ 1%
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
R16
200 Ω
Resistor
0805
0805 5%
R17
20.0 kΩ 1%
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
R18
25.2 kΩ 1%
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
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Table 3.
Bill of materials
BOM (continued)
Designator
Comment
Description
Footprint
Manufacturer
R19
10 kΩ 1%
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
R20
10 kΩ
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
R21
1.40 kΩ 1%
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
R22
0.681 Ω 1%
Resistor
0805
0805 1%
R23
100 kΩ
Resistor
0805
0805 5%
R25
180 kΩ
Resistor
0805
0805 5%
U1
L6564
Transition mode
PFC controller
SSOP10
ST L6564
U2
TS321AILT
Low power
op amp in
SOT23-5L
SOT-23-5L
ST TS321AILT
Doc ID 018890 Rev 1
Vendor
Digi-Key 497-8093-1ND
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References
13
26/28
AN3410
References
1.
“Design equations of high-power-factor flyback converters based on the L6561”
(AN1059)
2.
L6561 PFC controller datasheet
3.
L6562 PFC controller datasheet
4.
L6562A PFC controller datasheet
5.
L6564 PFC controller datasheet
6.
STD5NM50 datasheet
7.
STTH1R04A datasheet
8.
“Low-cost LED driver for an A19 lamp” (AN3256)
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14
Revision history
Revision history
Table 4.
Document revision history
Date
Revision
05-Sep-2011
1
Changes
Initial release.
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AN3410
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