Increased Laboratory Productivity for ICP-OES Applied to U.S. EPA Method 6010C

a p p l i c at i o n N o t e
ICP-OES
Authors
Paul Krampitz
Stan Smith
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Increased Laboratory
Productivity for ICPOES Applied to U.S.
EPA Method 6010C
Abstract
The use of an ESI SC FAST autosampler
coupled to a Perkin Elmer Optima 7300
DV ICP can dramatically improve productivity for the analysis of environmental
samples using EPA SW-846 Method
6010C. Sample throughput, as determined
by sample-to-sample run time can be
improved by as much as 100% as compared
to traditional sample introduction systems and autosampler configurations. Both
sample analysis time and rinse out time are significantly reduced, allowing for a
doubling of overall productivity. In addition, stability of the plasma and instrument
is very robust allowing for long, unattended run times while meeting calibration and
method QC requirements. Valuable man hours spent on instrument maintenance
and recalibration are reduced. This paper will demonstrate that these productivity
enhancement claims can be accomplished for implementation SW-846 Method 6010C.
Introduction
Since 1980, the EPA has maintained a publication entitled
SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/
Chemical Methods, more commonly referred to simply
as SW-846. Currently, SW-846 is in its third edition and
includes several updates. Since the third edition was
released in 1986, there have been 9 updates (Updates I, II,
IIA, IIB, III, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, and IVB), the most recent of which
was dated February, 2007. Included in SW-846 are over 200
documents related to quality control practices, analytical
test methods, sampling methods, and other topics related
to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Essentially,
SW-846 is the official compendium of analytical and sampling methods that have been evaluated and approved by
the EPA for use in complying with RCRA regulations.
As indicated by the EPA, the analytical methods in SW-846
are intended to be guidance documents and are not intended
to be overly prescriptive except in the cases where a particular
analyte or parameter is considered method defined. Such
method-defined parameters are where the analytical result is
wholly dependent on the process and conditions of the test or
preparation method such as the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP), Method 1311, where the conditions specified
in the method directly affect the concentration of analytes
extracted into the leaching solution. However, despite this clear
indication from the EPA that SW-846 methods are intended as
guidance documents, many regulatory agencies invoke these
methods with no permissible changes or modifications.
The analytical test methods found in SW-846 are commonly
used by laboratories for the analysis of a wide range of sample
matrices including, but not limited to: groundwater, surface
water, leachates, soils, and a whole host of other solid and
liquid wastes, both organic and aqueous. The RCRA regulatory
programs for which SW-846 is most commonly used can be
found in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), specifically
Title 40 CFR Parts 122-270. One of the methods found in
SW-846 that is commonly used by most environmental laboratories for the analyses of elements in environmental samples
is 6010C Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Spectrometry (ICP-AES).
Method 6010C is the fourth version of this method and was
released as part of SW-846 Update IV in February, 2007. As
indicated in the method, all samples other than filtered, preserved groundwaters require acid digestion prior to analysis.
There are more than 8 acid digestion methods applicable to
ICP-AES found in SW-846 and some of those that are commonly
used for the preparation of environmental samples include:
• 3005A Acid Digestion of Waters for Total Recoverable or
Dissolved Metals for Analysis by FLAA or ICP Spectroscopy
• 3010A Acid Digestion of Aqueous Samples and Extracts
for Total Metals for Analysis by FLAA or ICP Spectroscopy
• 3015A Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Aqueous
Samples and Extracts
• 3050B Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils
• 3051A Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Sediments,
Sludges, Soils, and Oils
Summary of Method
Figure 1. Schematic of FAST sample introduction system coupled to an Optima
7300 DV ICP spectrometer.
2
Method 6010C is a general analytical method that is applicable
to a wide variety of liquid and solid samples and that provides
specific procedures and references for sample collection,
preservation, and preparation (i.e., acid digestion), in addition
to recommended instrument procedures for calibration,
detection limits, and interference correction. In addition,
SW-846 6010C also contains procedures for the preparation,
analysis, and acceptance limits for quality control samples
needed for each batch of samples to be analyzed. While
the method is intended only as a guidance document and is
subject to interpretation and modification, implementation
of the QC criteria as stated in the method was followed for
the work performed and summarized in this paper. The EPA
has approved this method for the analysis of 31 elements
and Table I includes all the elements analyzed and their
associated wavelengths. Following is a summary of the
procedure from SW-846 6010C as performed in this work.
Table I. Wavelengths Monitored and Viewing Modes Used for
SW-846 6010C.
Summary of Method 6010C
Establish Initial Demonstration of Performance
Wavelength
Analyte
Symbol
Monitored (nm)
View
2. Determine Linear Dynamic Range (LDR)
Aluminum
Al
308.215
Radial
Antimony
Sb
206.836
Axial
a. Recovery of elements must be ±10% of the known
values for each element
Arsenic
As
188.979
Axial
3. Determine whether interelement corrections are needed by
Barium
Ba
233.527
Axial
Beryllium
Be
234.861
Radial
Routine Analysis
Boron
B
249.677
Radial
Cadmium
Cd
226.502
Axial
1. Light plasma and warm up instrument, allow
15-30 minutes
Calcium
Ca
315.887
Radial
Chromium
Cr
267.716
Axial
Cobalt
Co
228.616
Axial
Copper
Cu
327.393
Axial
Iron
Fe
238.204
Radial
Lead
Pb
220.353
Axial
Lithium
Li
670.784
Radial
4. Verify calibration by analyzing the Initial Calibration Verification
(ICV) standard
Magnesium
Mg
285.213
Radial
Manganese
Mn
257.610
Axial
a. ICV standard must be from a separate source as used for calibration standards
Molybdenum
Mo
202.035
Axial
Nickel
Ni
231.604
Axial
b. Recovery of elements must be ±10% of the known values for each element
Phosphorus
P
213.617
Axial
5. Verify the lowest quantification limit by analyzing the Lower
Limit of Quantitation Check Sample (LLQC)
Potassium
K
766.490
Radial
Selenium
Se
196.026
Axial
a. LLQC standard should be from the same source as the calibration standards
Silicon
Si
251.611
Radial
Silver
Ag
328.068
Axial
b. Recovery of elements must be ±30% of the known values for each element
Sodium
Na
589.592
Radial
Strontium
Sr
407.771
Radial
Thallium
Tl
190.801
Axial
Tin
Sn
189.927
Axial
Titanium
Ti
334.940
Axial
Vanadium
V
292.402
Axial
8. After every 10 samples, verify calibration by analyzing the
Continuing Calibration Verification (CCV) standard
Zinc
Zn
206.200
Axial
a. CCV standard should be from the same source as the calibration standards
Yttrium
Y
371.029
Radial/Axial
b. Recovery of elements must be ±10% of the known values for each element
Tellurium
Te
214.281
Radial/Axial
1. Perform Instrument Detection Limits (IDL)
Internal Standards
analysis of an Interference Check Solution (ICS)
2. Optimize instrument and plasma conditions per instrument
manufacturer
3. Calibrate ICP using blank and minimum of one standard
a. Rinse with blank between each standard
b. Use the average of multiple readings (3 replicates in
this study) for all standards and samples
6. Analyze the Initial Calibration Blank (ICB)
a. Target elements should not be detected at or above the Lower Limit of Quantitation
7. Analyze test samples along with appropriate batch quality control samples
9. Immediately following the analysis of each CCV, analyze the
Continuing Calibration Blank (CCB)
a. Target elements should not be detected at or above the Lower Limit of Quantitation
10. The LLCCV must be analyzed at the end of each analytical batch but is also recommended to be analyzed after every 10
samples
a. Recovery of elements must be ±30% of the known values for each element
11. At the end of the run, analyze the CCV and CCB
a. Acceptance limits are the same as in steps 8 and 9
3
Batch Quality Control Samples
1. Analyze the Method Blank
a. Target elements should not be detected at or above 10% of the Lower Limit of Quantitation
2. Analyze the Laboratory Control Sample (LCS)
a. Recovery of elements must be ±20% of the spiked values for each element
3. Analyze the Matrix Spike
a. Recovery of elements must be ±25% of the spiked values for each element
4. Analyze the Sample Duplicate or Matrix Spike Duplicate
a. The precision criterion for duplicates is a relative percent difference of no greater than 20%
Experimental
Initial Performance Demonstration
Instrument Detection Limits
The Instrument Detection Limits (IDL) for all elements were
determined using a reagent blank solution according the
procedures in Section 9.3 of SW-846 6010C. Specifically, a
reagent blank was analyzed seven consecutive times, with
routine rinsing procedures between each analysis, for all elements three times on non-consecutive days. The IDLs were
then estimated by calculating the average of each element’s
standard deviation. The obtained IDLs are presented in Table III.
Evaluation of Interferences
Interferences were evaluated according to Section 4.2.10 of
Method 6010C. An interference check solution containing
500 mg/L of Al, Ca, Mg, Na, 200 mg/L of Fe and 50 mg/L of
K was used for evaluation.
Instrument
An Optima 7300 DV (PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT) was used
in conjunction with an SC-FAST (Elemental Scientific Inc.,
Omaha, NE) for the analysis of all samples described in this
work. The FAST sample introduction system is controlled
through the Optima WinLab32™ software and a schematic
of the FAST is shown in Figure 1. The elements, wavelengths,
and plasma viewing modes used are listed in Table I. The
instrument conditions for both the Optima ICP-OES and the
SC-FAST as well as the experimental parameters used are
provided in Table II.
Experimental Parameters.
Optima 7300 DV Parameters
RF Power
1450 watts
Plasma Gas Flow
15 L/min
Auxiliary Gas Flow
0.2 L/min
Nebulizer Gas Flow
0.6 L/min
Peristaltic Pump Speed
0.85 mL/min
Nebulizer/Spray Chamber
Sea Spray/Glass cyclonic
Torch Cassette Position
-3
Standards
Purge
Normal
All calibration standards and non-sample solutions were
prepared with ASTM Type I (i.e., >18MΩ-cm) deionized
water and trace metals grade or better nitric acid.
Resolution
Normal
Integration Time
2 s min/5 s max
Read Delay
14 s
Wash Time
1s
Number of Replicates
3
Internal Standards
All samples were spiked with 1.5 mg/L of yttrium and 2.5 mg/L
of tellurium. The spiking solution was made from 1000 mg/L
single element stock solutions.
FAST Parameters
Calibration
The calibration blank and standards were prepared in 1%
nitric acid. Calibration was performed using a calibration
blank and a single standard containing all elements at 1 mg/L.
The calibration standard was prepared from a combination
of single element and multi-element stock solutions, all
containing elements at 1000 mg/L.
Monitored Wavelengths
As previously mentioned, the monitored elements, wavelengths,
and plasma viewing modes used are listed in Table I.
4
Table II. FAST-Optima 7300 DV Instrumental Conditions and
Sample Loop Volume
2 mL
Sample Loop Fill Rate
27 mL/min
Carrier Pump Tubing
Black/Black (0.76 mm i.d.)
Sample Load Time
7s
Rinse
1s
Analysis Time (total)
75 s (sample-to-sample)
Experimental Parameters
Carrier Solution
1% HNO3 plus 0.05% surfactant
Rinse Solution
1% HNO3
Acidity of Stds/Samples
1% HNO3
Table III. Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) Data and Linear Dynamic Ranges (LDR).
Analyte
Wavelength
IDL
IDL
IDL
6010C, LDR,
RUN 1
RUN 2
RUN 3
IDL, ug/L
mg/L
Ag 0.159
0.103
0.172
0.14
100
328.068
Al 308.215
1.732
0.630
1.898
1.42
2000
As 188.979
0.349
0.415
0.774
0.51
100
B
249.677
4.504
1.400
1.109
2.34
2000
Ba 233.527
0.056
0.016
0.034
0.04
25
Be 234.861
0.034
0.018
0.075
0.04
50
Ca 317.933
0.544
0.550
0.783
0.63
900
Cd 226.502
0.041
0.037
0.073
0.05
100
Co 228.616
0.076
0.092
0.078
0.08
250
Cr 267.716
0.086
0.099
0.071
0.09
100
Cu 327.393
0.062
0.047
0.158
0.09
300
Linear Range
The Linear Dynamic Range (LDR) was
determined for each element and met
the criterion in Section 10.4 of SW-846
6010C as found in Table III. That is, the
upper linear range was established by
analyzing standards against the same
calibration used for analyzing samples and
obtaining recoveries within ±10% of the
known concentration value. The Lower
Limit of Quantitation was confirmed
through the analysis of the Lower Level
Check Standard (LLICV and LLCCV) and
obtaining recoveries within ±30% of the
known concentration value. The LLICV
and LLCCV were run at a concentration
of 500 ug/L for this study.
Fe 259.939
0.256
0.230
0.168
0.22
400
K
766.49
7.269
5.270
5.499
6.01(0.24)
2000
Mg 279.077
1.763
2.030
3.108
2.30
700
Memory Effects
Mn 257.61
0.005
0.009
0.018
0.01
40
Memory effect studies were performed
to obtain the rinse time needed between
sample measurements using the ESI FAST
system. The elements studied were the
most likely elements to be high for environmental samples run under SW 846:
Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Na. All of the data
can be found in Figure 2. Five blanks were
run, then five standards, then five blanks
again to obtain the rinse out profiles.
Al, Ca, Mg, and Na were run at 500 mg/L.
Fe was run at 200 mg/L and K was run at
50 mg/L. The FAST parameters used were
the same as listed in Table II above.
Mo 202.031
0.132
0.097
0.180
0.14
125
Na 589.592
1.147
2.364
1.609
1.71(0.2)
900
Ni 231.604
0.178
0.188
0.161
0.18
125
Pb 220.353
0.427
0.229
0.368
0.34
100
P
213.617
1.543
1.091
1.249
1.29
3000
Li 670.784
0.214
0.176
0.364
0.25(0.03)
200
Sb 206.836
0.662
0.586
0.226
0.49
100
Se 196.026
0.875
0.953
0.485
0.77
100
Si 251.611
2.546
0.569
1.080
1.40
2500
Sr 421.552
0.025
0.029
1.139
0.40(0.01)
50
Sn 189.927
1.928
1.218
0.095
1.08(0.35)
2000
Ti 334.94
0.017
0.018
1.863
0.63
50
Tl 190.801
0.574
0.568
0.114
0.42
100
V
292.402
0.070
0.059
0.781
0.30
50
Zn 206.2
0.051
0.039
0.086
0.06
100
( ) = Axial
5
Figure 2. Above figures show the rinse out time using the ESI FAST system. Al, Ca, Mg, and Na were run at 500 mg/L. Fe was run at 200 mg/L and K was run at
50 mg/L. Samples were rinsed out to near baseline in 7 seconds.
Quality Control and Sample Analysis
The accuracy and precision of the implementation of
Method 6010C was demonstrated through the analysis
of several reference materials and a local filtered, treated
surface water sample (Lake Michigan). The quality control
procedures specified in SW-846 were followed throughout
the work performed. Immediately following calibration,
the ICV (second source), LLICV, and ICB were analyzed and
all results were determined to be within method-specified
criteria, ±10%, ±30%, and <LLQC respectively. Following
the analysis of each sequence of ten samples, the CCV,
LLCCV, and CCB were analyzed and found to be within the
method-specified criteria (same as for ICV, LLICV, and ICB).
In additional to the sequential run QC (10% frequency),
batch QC samples were also prepared and analyzed. As all
6
samples analyzed were synthetic or natural water samples
with no detectable turbidity or suspended solids, no acid
digestion procedures were performed. The batch QC consisted
of a method blank, a sample duplicate (DUP), a Laboratory
Control Sample (LCS), a Matrix Spike (MS), and a Matrix
Spike Duplicate (MSD). A natural surface water sample was
used to prepare the DUP, MS, and MSD. Results of all batch
QC samples were found to be within method-specified criteria.
That is, no elements were detected within 10% of the
LLQC, all elements detected in the sample and the sample
DUP above the LLQC had relative percent differences of less
than 20, all elements in the LCS were recovered within 20%
of the known spike concentration, all elements in both the
MS and MSD recovered within 25% of the known spike
concentration, and all spiked elements in the MS and MSD
had relative percent differences of less than 20.
Figure 3. Four hour CCV stability.
Table IV. NIST 1640 Trace Elements in Natural Water.
Run 1
Run 2
Average
Certified
mg/L units % REC.
Ag 328.068
0.007683478
0.007578301
0.00763089
0.0076
100
As 188.979
0.027794979
0.027058423
0.027426701
0.027
102
In addition to the batch QC samples,
several reference materials were analyzed
and included two Standard Reference
Materials® (SRM) from the National
Institute of Standards & Technology
(NIST), one Certified Reference Material
(CRM) from the National Research Council
Canada (NRCC), and two commercially
available water Proficiency Test (PT)
samples. The NIST samples included SRM
1643e Trace Elements in Water and SRM
1640 Trace Elements in Natural Water.
The NRCC sample was SLRS-4 River Water
Reference Material for Trace Metals. This
CRM is typically used for ICP-MS instrumentation due to the low concentrations
of elements, however, it has been included
to show the excellent sensitivity of the
Optima 7300 DV. The two commercial PT
samples included WP Trace Metals and
WS Trace Metals. Results of all five reference materials are presented in Table IV
– Table VIII.
B 249.677
0.321778774
0.31648758
0.319133177
0.3
106
Stability
Ba 233.527
0.148039192
0.146252596
0.147145894
0.148
99
Ca 317.933
7.287467245
7.29179424
7.289630743
7.045
103
Cd 226.502
0.02461
0.024202
0.024406
0.0228
107
The Continuing Calibration Verification
(CCV) standard was analyzed repeatedly
throughout each analytical run and no
less frequently than after every 10 samples. The recoveries for each of the CCVs
obtained have been plotted against time
for a period of four hours. The results are
shown in Figure 3. All 30 elements monitored in this study were well within the
method-specified acceptance criterion of
±10% of the known value. Typical drift
for most elements was less than 3%.
Co 228.616
0.022373993
0.022173326
0.02227366
0.022
101
Cr 267.716
0.041212275
0.040675621
0.040943948
0.0386
106
Cu 327.393
0.090707058
0.088824718
0.089765888
0.0852
105
Fe 259.939
0.034529324
0.033692193
0.034110759
0.0343
99
K 766.490
1.015084221
1.007176206
1.011130214
0.994
102
Mg 279.077
5.648166692
5.633282915
5.640724804
5.819
97
Mn 257.610
0.124362054
0.122821057
0.123591555
0.1215
102
Mo 202.031
0.049788978
0.049545748
0.049667363
0.04675
106
Na 589.592
29.22808031
28.92173556
29.07490794
29.35
99
Ni 231.604
0.029560106
0.029416086
0.029488096
0.0274
108
Pb 220.353
0.027413987
0.027680616
0.027547302
0.02789
99
Li 670.784
0.05139438
0.050218507
0.050806444
0.0507
100
Se 196.026
0.023501
0.023504
0.0235025
0.022
107
Si 251.611
4.747666191
4.644475617
4.696070904
4.73
99
Sr 421.552
0.12522384
0.125293217
0.125258528
0.124
101
V 292.402
0.013012505
0.012822827
0.012917666
0.013
99
Zn 206.200
0.057402
0.056602
0.057002
0.0532
107
Be 234.861
0.036510499
0.036158461
0.03633448
0.035
104
Data Handling
All data obtained from the Optima 7300
DV was collected using the WinLab32
software loaded on a desktop PC attached
to the instrument. Analytical results were
computed using the WinLab32 software
and exported into Microsoft® Excel®. The
text and data tables used in this report
were created using Microsoft® Excel® and
Word.
7
8
Table V. NIST 1643e Trace Elements in Water.
Run 1
Run 2
Average
Certified
mg/L units % REC.
Ag 328.068
0.00082799
0.000982703
0.000905346
0.001
Al 308.215
0.14958319
0.145968533
0.147775861
0.142
Table VI. National Reasearch Council Canada
91
Riverine Water.
Run 1
Certified
mg/L units % REC.
104
Ca 317.933
6.088272145
6.2
98
As 188.979
0.05863297
0.060202348
0.059417659
0.0605
98
Fe 259.939
0.108512603
0.103
105
Ba 233.527
0.526201428
0.53185025
0.529025839
0.544
97
K 766.490
0.671190352
0.68
99
Ca 317.933
31.36350994
31.38490986
31.3742099
32.3
97
Mg 279.077
1.544935545
1.6
97
Cd 226.502
0.006803606
0.006802601
0.006803103
0.00657
104
Na 589.592
2.189781306
2.4
91
Co 228.616
0.027229571
0.027465911
0.027347741
0.02706
101
Sn 189.927
0.028264829
0.0263
107
Cr 267.716
0.021901845
0.021954832
0.021928339
0.0204
107
K 766.490
0.000887947
0.00093
95
Cu 327.393
0.022717423
0.022755897
0.02273666
0.02276
100
Mg 279.077
0.661790584
0.68
97
Fe 259.939
0.09995466
0.10046584
0.10021025
0.0981
102
Na 589.592
1.660975302
1.6
104
2.193887808
2.4
91
0.058305976
0.054
108
K 766.490
2.115235445
2.134464228
2.124849837
2.034
104
Li 670.784
Mg 279.077
7.594261315
7.676997678
7.635629497
8.037
95
Be 234.861
Mn 257.610
0.036795431
0.037161031
0.036978231
0.03897
95
Mo 202.031
0.127822547
0.128341294
0.128081921
0.1214
106
Na 589.592
19.36434423
19.37433937
19.3693418
20.74
93
Ni 231.604
0.062047849
0.062322707
0.062185278
0.0624
100
Pb 220.353
0.017716846
0.018946104
0.018331475
0.01963
93
Li 670.784
0.018412973
0.018762553
0.018587763
0.0174
107
Sb 206.836
0.056414629
0.057170312
0.05679247
0.0583
97
Se 196.026
0.011186647
0.012221246
0.011703946
0.01197
98
Sr 421.552
0.313265799
0.31293833
0.313102065
0.323
97
Tl 190.801
0.006104
0.00703
0.006567
0.007445
88
V 292.402
0.036212595
0.036634849
0.036423722
0.03786
96
Zn 206.200
0.074767001
0.075143809
0.074955405
0.0785
95
Be 234.861
0.014348862
0.014500296
0.014424579
0.014
103
Table VII. WP Trace Metals.
Run 1
Run 2
Average
Conclusion
Certified
mg/L units % REC.
Ag 328.068
0.415039553
0.415691157
0.415365355
0.4
104
Al 308.215
2.161214156
2.178741769
2.169977963
2.25
96
As 188.979
0.206215282
0.211098072
0.208656677
0.198
105
Be 313.107
0.104177959
0.104164917
0.104171438
0.107
97
Cd 226.502
0.162228771
0.162383871
0.162306321
0.162
100
Co 228.616
0.596703569
0.596119333
0.596411451
0.575
104
Cr 267.716
0.172615602
0.172950538
0.17278307
0.162
107
Cu 327.393
0.405182422
0.405208121
0.405195272
0.378
107
Fe 259.939
1.392941099
1.392462656
1.392701878
1.41
99
Mn 257.610
1.925099213
1.927471996
1.926285605
1.95
99
Ni 231.604
0.325614799
0.326326585
0.325970692
0.317
103
Pb 220.353
0.475584088
0.478602286
0.477093187
0.496
96
Se 196.026
0.752168839
0.766870842
0.75951984
0.721
105
Sr 421.552
0.122143791
0.122530301
0.122337046
0.122
100
Tl 190.801
0.65022971
0.657954117
0.654091913
0.633
103
V 292.402
1.122841516
1.12365243
1.123246973
1.13
99
Zn 206.200
0.610901508
0.611869781
0.611385645
0.613
100
Be 234.861
0.101283259
0.101227224
0.101255241
0.107
95
Table VIII. WS Trace Metals.
Run 1
Run 2
Average
The FAST system coupled with the Optima
7300 DV has been shown to produce results
that meet the requirements outlined in U.S.
EPA Method SW-846 while doubling sample
productivity when compared to analyses with
conventional introduction systems. Since the
FAST system eliminates virtually all of the
rinse and read delay times, most of the time
is now spent running samples, therefore
increasing productivity. The user will also
have much less torch and injector maintenance since the system will see the sample
matrix for a much shorter period of time.
Also, since the FAST reaches a steady state
signal much more quickly than conventional
sample introduction, instrument detection
limits are improved almost 2-fold for many
analytes. Consequently, the Optima 7300 DV
when used in conjunction with the SC-FAST
autosampler provides a rugged, automated
sample introduction system that can significantly
reduce labor costs and improve laboratory
productivity.
Certified
mg/L units % REC.
Ag 328.068
0.205841482
0.206784064
0.206312773
0.201
103
Al 308.215
1.503360942
1.509021475
1.506191209
1.5
100
As 188.979
0.04707919
0.048926848
0.048003019
0.0485
99
Ba 233.527
0.67227925
0.67399818
0.673138715
0.647
104
Be 313.107
0.009084418
0.009042679
0.009063548
0.0087
104
Cd 226.502
0.00998403
0.01004741
0.01001572
0.00927
108
Cr 267.716
0.136730412
0.137652362
0.137191387
0.132
104
Cu 327.393
0.715153403
0.720991073
0.718072238
0.677
106
Fe 259.939
0.913585704
0.915318141
0.914451923
0.93
98
Mn 257.610
0.358912563
0.357960513
0.358436538
0.366
98
Mo 202.031
0.043977706
0.044482171
0.044229939
0.0437
101
Ni 231.604
0.109153638
0.109458221
0.109305929
0.107
102
Pb 220.353
0.068196964
0.06857344
0.068385202
0.0668
102
Sb 206.836
0.043471699
0.042509311
0.042990505
0.0432
100
Se 196.026
0.074839851
0.074040603
0.074440227
0.0747
100
Tl 190.801
0.006336361
0.006970729
0.006653545
0.00717
93
V 292.402
0.480020599
0.481743476
0.480882038
0.456
105
Zn 206.200
0.712322194
0.711716612
0.712019403
0.706
101
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