RT7296C 3A, 17V Current Mode Synchronous Step-Down Converter General Description Features The RT7296C is a high-efficiency, 3A current mode 4.5V to 17V Input Voltage Range synchronous step-down DC/DC converter with a wide 3A Output Current input voltage range from 4.5V to 17V. The device Internal N-Channel MOSFETs integrates 80m low-side Current Mode Control MOSFETs to achieve high efficiency conversion. The Fixed Switching Frequency : 1.4MHz current architecture supports fast Synchronous to External Clock : 300kHz to 3MHz transient response and internal compensation. A Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit cycle-by-cycle current limit function provides protection External Soft-Start Function against Input Under-Voltage Lockout input Output Under-Voltage Protection under-voltage lockout, output under-voltage protection, Thermal Shutdown high-side mode control shorted output. complete protection and The functions 30m RT7296C provides such as over-current protection, and thermal shutdown. The PWM frequency is adjustable by the EN/SYNC pin. The Applications Industrial and Commercial Low Power Systems Computer Peripherals LCD Monitors and TVs Set-top Boxes RT7296C is available in the TSOT-23-8 (FC) package. Ordering Information RT7296C Package Type J8F : TSOT-23-8 (FC) Marking Information Lead Plating System G : Green (Halogen Free and Pb Free) 00= : Product Code DNN : Date Code 00=DNN Note : Richtek products are : RoHS compliant and compatible with the current requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes. Simplified Application Circuit VIN VIN RT7296C BOOT C3 C1 L1 VOUT SW Enable EN/SYNC R5 C2 SS C5 Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS7296C-02 June 2016 R1 FB PVCC R2 C4 GND is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 1 RT7296C Pin Configurations PVCC EN/SYNC BOOT 8 7 6 5 2 3 4 VIN SW GND SS FB (TOP VIEW) TSOT-23-8 (FC) Functional Pin Description Pin No. Pin Name Pin Function 1 SS Soft-Start Control Input. SS control the soft-start period. Connect a capacitor from SS to GND to set the soft-start period. 2 VIN Power Input. Support 4.5V to17V Input Voltage. Must bypass with a suitable large ceramic capacitor at this pin. 3 SW Switch Node. Connect to external L-C filter. 4 GND System Ground. 5 BOOT Bootstrap Supply for High-Side Gate Driver. Connect a 0.1F ceramic capacitor between the BOOT and SW pins. 6 EN/SYNC Enable Control Input. High = Enable. Apply an external clock to adjust the switching frequency. If using pull high resistor connected to VIN, the recommended value range is 60k to 300k. 7 PVCC 5V Bias Supply Output. Connect a minimum of 0.1F capacitor to ground. 8 FB Feedback Voltage Input. The pin is used to set the output voltage of the converter to regulate to the desired voltage via a resistive divider. Feedback reference = 0.8V. Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 2 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS7296C-02 June 2016 RT7296C Function Block Diagram VIN PVCC Shutdown - Comparator EN/SYNC Internal Regulator Current Sense UVLO + 1.4V BOOT UVLO BOOT 0.4V + UV Comparator Logic & Protection Control Power Stage & Deadtime Control 1pF 50pF FB 0.807V SW 400k HS Switch Current Comparator + EA + 11µA Oscillator LS Switch Current Comparator Current Sense GND Slope Compensation SS Operation Under Voltage Lockout Threshold The IC includes an input Under Voltage Lockout Protection (UVLO). If the input voltage exceeds the UVLO rising threshold voltage (3.9V), the converter resets and prepares the PWM for operation. If the input voltage falls below the UVLO falling threshold voltage (3.25V) during normal operation, the device stops switching. The UVLO rising and falling threshold voltage includes a hysteresis to prevent noise caused reset. Operating Frequency and Synchronization The internal oscillator runs at 1400kHz (typ.) when the EN/SYNC pin is at logic-high level (>1.6V). If the EN pin is pulled to low-level over 8μs, the IC will shut down. The RT7296C can be synchronized with an external clock ranging from 300kHz to 3MHz applied to the EN/SYNC pin. The external clock duty cycle must be from 20% to 80% with logic-high level = 2V and logic-low level = 0.8V. Internal Regulator The internal regulator generates 5V power and drive Chip Enable The EN pin is the chip enable input. Pulling the EN pin low (<1.1V) will shutdown the device. During shutdown mode, the RT7296C’s quiescent current drops to lower internal circuit. When VIN is below 5V, PVCC will drop with VIN. A capacitor (>0.1F) between PVCC and GND is required. than 1A. Driving the EN pin high (>1.6V) will turn on Soft-Start Function the device. The RT7296C provides external soft-start function. The soft-start function is used to prevent large inrush current while converter is being powered-up. The Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS7296C-02 June 2016 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 3 RT7296C soft-start timing can be programmed by the external Thermal Shutdown capacitor between SS pin and GND. The Chip provides Thermal shutdown is implemented to prevent the chip a 11A charge current for the external capacitor. from operating at excessively high temperatures. When Over Current Protection RT7296C provides cycle-by-cycle over current limit protection. When the inductor current peak value reaches current limit, IC will turn off High Side MOS to the junction temperature is higher than 150C, the chip will shutdown the switching operation. The chip is automatically re-enabled when the junction temperature cools down by approximately 20C. avoid over current. Under Voltage Protection (Hiccup Mode) RT7296C provides Hiccup Mode of Under Voltage Protection (UVP). When the FB voltage drops below half of the feedback reference voltage, VFB, the UVP function will be triggered and the IC will shut down for a period of time and then recover automatically. The Hiccup Mode of UVP can reduce input current in short-circuit conditions. Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 4 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS7296C-02 June 2016 RT7296C Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Supply Input Voltage, VIN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.3V to 20V Switch Voltage, SW -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.3V to VIN + 0.3V <20ns --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5V BOOT to SW, VBOOT – SW ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.3V to 6V (7V for < 10s) Bias Supply Output, PVCC---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.3V to 6V (7V for < 10s) Other Pins--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.3V to 6V Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25C TSOT-23-8 (FC) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.428W Package Thermal Resistance (Note 2) TSOT-23-8 (FC), JA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70C/W TSOT-23-8 (FC), JC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15C/W Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 260C Junction Temperature ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40C to 150C Storage Temperature Range ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65C to 150C ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) HBM (Human Body Model) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2kV Recommended Operating Conditions (Note 4) Supply Input Voltage, VIN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.5V to 17V Junction Temperature Range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40C to 125C Ambient Temperature Range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40C to 85C Electrical Characteristics (VIN = 12V, TA = 25C, unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Shutdown Supply Current VEN = 0V -- -- 1 A Quiescent Current with no Load at DCDC Output VEN = 2V, VFB = 1V -- 0.8 1 mA 0.799 0.807 0.815 V -- 10 50 nA Feedback Voltage VFB Feedback Current IFB Switch On-Resistance VFB = 820mV High-Side RDS(ON)H -- 80 -- Low-Side RDS(ON)L -- 30 -- -- -- 1 A Under 40% duty-cycle 4.2 5 -- A From Drain to Source -- 2 -- A 1100 1400 1700 kHz 300 -- 3000 kHz VFB < 400mV -- 125 -- kHz VFB = 0.7V -- 85 -- % Switch Leakage Current Limit VEN = 0V, VSW = 0V ILIM Low-Side Switch Current Limit Oscillation Frequency fOSC SYNC Frequency Range f SYNC Fold-Back Frequency Maximum Duty-Cycle DMAX VFB = 0.75V Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS7296C-02 June 2016 m is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 5 RT7296C Parameter Min Typ Max Unit tON -- 60 -- ns Logic-High VIH 1.2 1.4 1.6 Logic-Low VIL 1.1 1.25 1.4 VEN = 2V -- 2 -- VEN = 0V -- 0 -- -- 8 -- s 3.7 3.9 4.1 V Minimum On-Time EN Input Voltage Symbol Test Conditions V A EN Input Current IEN EN Turn-off Delay ENtd-off Input Under-Voltage VIN Rising Lockout Threshold Hysteresis VUVLO VUVLO -- 650 -- mV VCC Regulator VCC -- 5 -- V VCC Load Regulation VLOAD -- 3 -- % Soft-Start Charge Current ISS -- 11 -- A Thermal Shutdown Temperature TSD -- 150 -- o Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis TSD -- 20 -- o VIN Rising IVCC = 5mA C C Note 1. Stresses beyond those listed "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions may affect device reliability. Note 2. JA is measured at TA = 25C on a high effective thermal conductivity four-layer test board per JEDEC 51-7. JC is measured at the exposed pad of the package. Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution recommended. Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions. Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 6 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS7296C-02 June 2016 RT7296C Typical Application Circuit C3 0.1μF RT7296C 5 2 BOOT VIN VIN 4.5V to 17V C1 22μF 6 Enable EN/SYNC SW 7 C2 0.1μF R6 L1 10 1.5μH 3 VOUT 3.3V CFF PVCC 1 SS C5 22nF FB 8 R5 24k GND 4 R1 40.2k R2 13k C4 22μF Note : All input and output capacitance in the suggested parameter mean the effective capacitance. The effective capacitance needs to consider any De-rating Effect like DC Bias. Table 1. Suggested Component Values VOUT (V) R1 (k) R2 (k) R5 (k) Cff (pF) C4 (F) L1 (H) 1.0 20.5 84.5 140 15 22 0.52 3.3 40.2 13 24 15 22 1.5 5.0 40.2 7.68 24 15 22 1.5 Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS7296C-02 June 2016 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 7 RT7296C Typical Operating Characteristics Efficiency vs. Output Current 3.46 90 3.42 80 VIN = 5V 70 VIN = 12V 60 VIN = 17V 3.38 Output Voltage (V) Efficiency (%) Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage 100 50 40 30 3.34 3.30 3.26 3.22 20 3.18 10 VOUT = 3.3V VOUT = 3.3V 3.14 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 5 3 6 7 8 9 Output Current (A) Output Voltage vs. Output Current 3.46 0.83 3.42 0.82 3.38 Output Voltage (V) 0.84 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78 3.34 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.18 0.77 IOUT = 1A VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V 3.14 0.76 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 0 125 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Output Current (A) Temperature (°C) UVLO Voltage vs. Temperature EN Threshold vs. Temperature 4.40 1.50 4.20 1.45 Rising 4.00 EN Threshold (V) UVLO Voltage (V) 14 15 16 17 Input Voltage (V) Reference Voltage vs. Temperature Reference Voltage (V) 10 11 12 13 3.80 3.60 Falling 3.40 3.20 Rising 1.40 1.35 1.30 Falling 1.25 1.20 VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 0A VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 0A 3.00 1.15 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature (°C) Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 8 125 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (°C) is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS7296C-02 June 2016 RT7296C Load Transient Response Output Ripple Voltage VOUT (20mV/Div) VOUT (50mV/Div) VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, L = 1.5H, IOUT = 3A VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, L = 1.5H, IOUT = 1.5A to 3A to 1.5A IOUT (1A/Div) VLX (5V/Div) Time (200s/Div) Time (1s/Div) Power On from EN Power Off from EN VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 3A VOUT (2V/Div) VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 3A VEN (2V/Div) VEN (2V/Div) VLX (10V/Div) VLX (10V/Div) ILX (3A/Div) ILX (3A/Div) Time (2ms/Div) Time (2ms/Div) Power On from VIN Power Off from VIN VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 3A VOUT (2V/Div) VOUT (2V/Div) VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 3A VIN (10V/Div) VIN (10V/Div) VLX (10V/Div) VLX (10V/Div) ILX (3A/Div) ILX (3A/Div) Time (5ms/Div) Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS7296C-02 VOUT (2V/Div) June 2016 Time (5ms/Div) is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 9 RT7296C Application Information The RT7296C is a high voltage buck converter that can 5V support the input voltage range from 4.5V to 17V and the input voltage range from 4.5V to 17V and the output current can be up to 3A. BOOT RT7296C Output Voltage Selection SW The resistive voltage divider allows the FB pin to sense a fraction of the output voltage as shown in Figure 1. FB R5 RT7296C 100nF R1 Figure 2. External Bootstrap Diode External Soft-Start Capacitor VOUT R2 RT7296C provides external soft-start function. The soft-start function is used to prevent large inrush GND current while converter is being powered-up. The soft-start timing can be programmed by the external Figure 1. Output Voltage Setting For adjustable voltage mode, the output voltage is set by an external resistive voltage divider according to the following equation : R1 VOUT VFB 1 R2 capacitor (CSS) between SS pin and GND. The Chip provides a 11A charge current (ISS) for the external capacitor. The soft-start time (tSS, VREF is from 0V to 0.8V) can be calculated by the following formula : tSS (ms) = Where VFB is the feedback reference voltage (0.807V typ.). Table 2 lists the recommended resistors value for common output voltages. Table 2. Recommended Resistors Value VOUT (V) R1 (k) R2 (k) R5 (k) 1.0 20.5 84.5 140 3.3 40.2 13 24 5.0 40.2 7.68 24 CSS (nF) 1.3 ISS ( A) Inductor Selection The inductor value and operating frequency determine the ripple current according to a specific input and output voltage. The ripple current IL increases with higher VIN and decreases with higher inductance. V V IL OUT 1 OUT VIN f L Having a lower ripple current reduces not only the ESR External Bootstrap Diode Connect a 100nF low ESR ceramic capacitor between the BOOT pin and SW pin. This capacitor provides the gate driver voltage for the high side MOSFET. It is recommended to add an external bootstrap diode between an external 5V and BOOT pin, as shown as Figure 2, for efficiency improvement when input voltage is lower than 5.5V or duty ratio is higher than 65% .The bootstrap diode can be a low cost one such as IN4148 or BAT54. The external 5V can be a 5V fixed input from system or a 5V output (PVCC) of the RT7296C. Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 10 losses in the output capacitors but also the output voltage ripple. High frequency with small ripple current can achieve highest efficiency operation. However, it requires a large inductor to achieve this goal. For the ripple current selection, the value of IL = 0.3(IMAX) will be a reasonable starting point. The largest ripple current occurs at the highest VIN. To guarantee that the ripple current stays below the specified maximum, the inductor value should be chosen according to the following equation : VOUT VOUT L 1 f IL(MAX) VIN(MAX) is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS7296C-02 June 2016 RT7296C The inductor's current rating (caused a 40C temperature rising from 25C ambient) should be greater than the maximum load current and its current rating and long term reliability considerations. Ceramic capacitors have excellent low ESR characteristics but can have a high voltage coefficient saturation current should be greater than the short circuit peak current limit. and audible piezoelectric effects. The high Q of ceramic capacitors with trace inductance can also lead to significant ringing. CIN and COUT Selection The input capacitance, CIN, is needed to filter the trapezoidal current at the source of the top MOSFET. To prevent large ripple current, a low ESR input capacitor sized for the maximum RMS current should be used. The RMS current is given by : V IRMS IOUT(MAX) OUT VIN VIN 1 VOUT Thermal Considerations For continuous operation, do not exceed absolute maximum junction temperature. The maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the IC package, PCB layout, rate of surrounding airflow, and difference between junction and ambient temperature. The maximum power dissipation can be calculated by the following formula : This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2VOUT, where IRMS = IOUT/2. This simple worst-case condition is commonly used for design because even significant deviations do not offer much relief. Choose a capacitor rated at a higher temperature than required. Several capacitors may also be paralleled to meet size or height requirements in the design. The selection of COUT is determined by the required Effective Series Resistance (ESR) to minimize voltage ripple. Moreover, the amount of bulk capacitance is also a key for COUT selection to ensure that the control loop is stable. Loop stability can be checked by viewing the load transient response as described in a later section. The output ripple, VOUT, is determined by : 1 VOUT IL ESR 8fCOUT The output ripple will be highest at the maximum input voltage since IL increases with input voltage. Multiple capacitors placed in parallel may be needed to meet PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) TA) / JA where TJ(MAX) is the maximum junction temperature, TA is the ambient temperature, and JA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance. For recommended operating condition specifications, the maximum junction temperature is 125C. The junction to ambient thermal resistance, JA, is layout dependent. For TSOT-23-8 (FC) package, the thermal resistance, JA, is 70C/W on a standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layer thermal test board. The maximum power dissipation at TA = 25C can be calculated by the following formula : PD(MAX) = (125C 25C) / (70C/W) = 1.428W for TSOT-23-8 (FC) package The maximum power dissipation depends on the operating ambient temperature for fixed TJ(MAX) and thermal resistance, JA. The derating curve in Figure 3 allows the designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature on the maximum power dissipation. the ESR and RMS current handling requirement. Dry tantalum, special polymer, aluminum electrolytic and ceramic capacitors are all available in surface mount packages. Special polymer capacitors offer very low ESR value. However, it provides lower capacitance density than other types. Although Tantalum capacitors have the highest capacitance density, it is important to only use types that pass the surge test for use in switching power supplies. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have significantly higher ESR. However, it can be used in cost-sensitive applications for ripple Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS7296C-02 June 2016 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 11 RT7296C Layout Considerations Maximum Power Dissipation (W)1 1.6 Four-Layer PCB For best performance of the RT7296C, the following 1.4 layout guidelines must be strictly followed. 1.2 1.0 Input capacitor must be placed as close to the IC as possible. 0.8 0.6 SW should be connected to inductor by wide and short trace. Keep sensitive components away from 0.4 this trace. 0.2 0.0 0 25 50 75 100 Keep every trace connected to pin as wide as possible for improving thermal dissipation. 125 Ambient Temperature (°C) Figure 3. Derating Curve of Maximum Power Dissipation SW should be connected to inductor by Wide and short trace. Keep sensitive components away from this trace. Suggestion layout trace wider for thermal. R1 VOUT R5 FB 4 3 6 SW 2 PVCC 7 EN/SYNC GND VIN VOUT CIN COUT COUT SS 8 BOOT 5 SW CIN R2 Css The feedback components must be connected as close to the device as possible. GND Via can help to reduce power trace and improve thermal dissipation. Input capacitor must be placed as close to the IC as possible. Suggestion layout trace wider for thermal. Figure 4. PCB Layout Guide Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 12 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS7296C-02 June 2016 RT7296C Outline Dimension Symbol Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches Min. Max. Min. Max. A 0.700 1.000 0.028 0.039 A1 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.004 B 1.397 1.803 0.055 0.071 b 0.220 0.380 0.009 0.015 C 2.591 3.000 0.102 0.118 D 2.692 3.099 0.106 0.122 e 0.585 0.715 0.023 0.028 H 0.080 0.254 0.003 0.010 L 0.300 0.610 0.012 0.024 TSOT-23-8 (FC) Surface Mount Package Richtek Technology Corporation 14F, No. 8, Tai Yuen 1st Street, Chupei City Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: (8863)5526789 Richtek products are sold by description only. Richtek reserves the right to change the circuitry and/or specifications without notice at any time. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information and data sheets before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. Richtek cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Richtek product. Information furnished by Richtek is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Richtek or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Richtek or its subsidiaries. Copyright © 2016 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS7296C-02 June 2016 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 13