Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance Datasheet Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance General Description The Atmel LED DriverMSL1060 is an LED driver with integrated boost regulator capable of driving 6 LED strings at 30mA up to 48V for lighting applications to 8W. In a typical backlighting system it can drive up to 72 white LEDs. ® The MSL1060 incorporates a current mode PWM boost regulator with 50V internal switch and a wide, 4.75V to 36V input voltage range. The 1.1MHz switching frequency uses a small-sized inductor and output capacitors while maintaining high efficiency, low ripple, and noise. The MSL1060 uses a digital control loop and requires no external components to manage the LED supply and regulate LED current up to 30mA per series LED string. The MSL1060 is also easy to use, dimming with an external PWM signal. Analog dimming of LED string current is available for use with an ambient light sensor (ALS) and/or temperature management with a thermistor or IC temperature sensor. The MSL1060 is offered in a lead-free, halogen-free, RoHS-compliant, 5 x 5mm, 24-lead TQFN package operating over a -40°C to 85°C temperature range. Applications Long Life, Efficient LED Backlighting for: • Notebook PCs and Desktop PC Monitors • Medical and Industrial Instrumentation • Portable Media Players (PMPs) • Automotive Audio-visual Displays Industrial Lighting Signage Ordering Information 2 PART DESCRIPTION PACKAGE MSL1060AW 6-ch LED driver 24-pin, 5x5x0.75mm TQFN Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance Key Features • Drives 6 Strings of up to 12 LEDs per String • ALS Interface for Automatic Brightness Setting • Drives 72 White LEDs at 30mA for 8W Power • Temperature Sensor Interface for Temp Derating • Better than ±1.5% String Current Accuracy • Individual O/C and S/C String Fault Detection • 4.75V to 36V Wide Input Supply Range • Faulty Strings are Automatically Disabled • Boost Regulator with 50V Internal Switch • FLTB Logic Output Reports Faults • 1.1MHz Current Mode PWM Boost • Enable Input Allows Logic On/Off Control • Up to 92% Boost Regulator Efficiency • PWM Input Provides Wide Dimming Range • Internal, Automatic Power Supply Management • Adjustable Over-voltage Protection • Adjustable LED Current up to 30mA Per String • -40°C - +85°C Operating Temperature Range • String Outputs can be Paralleled in Any Combination to Drive >30mA LEDs • Lead-free, Halogen-free, RoHS-compliant Application Circuit VIN = 4.75V to 36V VOUT = 48V max EN Fault Alert OVP FLTB OSC ALS or Temp …. SW VIN ILED MSL1060 IADJ STR0 . ... STR5 Set String current Up to 12 White LEDs per String 1.5% maximum current mismatch between Strings PWM GND Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 3 Table of Contents Quick Start Guide………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 How Many LEDs Can Be Driven by the MSL1060/61/64…………………………………………………………......................................................................5 Differences between MSL1060, MSL1061 and MSL1064………………………………………………….…………….............…......................................5 Capabilities With and Without Using the Serial Interface…………………………………………………………………………………………………..........6 Packages and Connections…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......………7 MSL1060 - 24 Lead, 5mm x 5mm x 0.75mm TQFN Package with 0.65mm Lead Pitch……………...…………............................................7 Connection Description……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 Absolute Maximum Rating…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………...........9 Electrical Characteristics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………10 Typical Operating Characteristics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....……12 Typical Operating Characteristics (Continued)……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…13 Block Diagram……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………14 Typical Application Circuit……………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..……15 Detailed Description……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………16 LED Current Sinks…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………16 PWM Brightness Control………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………16 Boost Regulator……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………..…...17 Fault Management……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…17 Application Information………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………....…….........18 VCC and VDD Regulators………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18 Internal Oscillator - R4………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………….18 Setting the Full-scale LED String Current - R5……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18 Enable Input - R7……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….18 IADJ Input - LED Temperature Compensation and/or Ambient Light Sensing………………………………………………………………….19 Boost Regulator Components……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….19 Over-voltage Protection (OVP) - R8 and R9……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….19 4 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance Quick Start Guide This section summarizes the capabilities of, and differences between, the MSL1060 and the similar Atmel MSL1061 and Atmel MSL1064 with I²C interfaces. The MSL1060 and MSL1061/64 are LED string drivers with integrated boost regulators, which power, monitor, and dim multiple LEDs at high efficiency for backlighting and signage applications. Each MSL1060/61/64 contains six outputs, each capable of sinking up to 30mA through a string of series-connected LEDs dropping up to 45V; 8W of lighting power. How Many LEDs Can the Atmel LED Drivers-MSL1060/61/64 Drive? The MSL1060/61/64 includes six current sinks (STR0 through STR5) that each control the LED current of multiple, series-connected, white LEDs. Any combination of the six strings may be enabled, and not all the strings need to be used. It is important that each enabled string contain the same number of the same type of LED so that the total voltage drop for each string is the same. This is necessary because there is only one boost regulator (and, therefore, only one LED supply) available to serve all six strings. Use a single MSL1060/61/64 to drive multiple LEDs of a single color/chemistry, such as white LED backlighting or single-color signage. For multicolor applications (e.g. RG, RGB, RGGB, RGBA), use a separate MSL1060/61/64 per LED color/chemistry type. Each MSL1060/61/64 manages its integrated boost regulator to optimize efficiency for its strings of identical LEDs with matched electrical characteristics. Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 The 48V maximum voltage rating of the boost regulator’s internal power FET determines the maximum number of LEDs allowed in a string. The overvoltage protection (OVP) circuit protects the FET as well as external components. The accuracy of the OVP threshold is 2% plus another 1% for the external setting resistors, R8 and R9 (Figure 16 on page 15) reducing the operating maximum voltage to 46.5V. The total voltage needed to drive a string is the forward voltage drop across the desired LED strings, plus the 600mV headroom needed the string’s output current sink (600mV) to keep it in regulation. Since the FET voltage is higher than the boost voltage by the rectifier forward voltage drop, the available voltage for LEDs is approximately 46.5V - 0.6V - 0.9V or 45V. Thus the MSL1060 can drive up to 12 series LEDs as long as the LED forward voltage is less than 3.75V. Differences Between Atmel LED Drivers-MSL1060, MSL1061 and MSL1064 Use the MSL1061 in applications where one or more LED drivers are directly controlled by a PWM input signal. The PWM input signal globally controls the LED dimming. Use the MSL1061/64 for applications where the LED drivers communicate by an I²C/SMB interface. The MSL1064 has a single slave address, while the MSL1061 has four available addresses which allows communication to all four LED drivers on the same I²C interface (Table 1). 5 Table 1.Atmel LED Drivers-MSL1060, MSL1061, and MSL1064 Comparison FEATURE MSL1060 MSL1064 MSL1061 I2C interface Not available 1 fixed slave address (0x62) 4 selectable slave addresses by AD0 (0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63) Package 24-lead, 5mm x 5mm TQFN, 0.65mm pitch 28-lead, 5mm x 5mm TQFN, 0.5mm pitch Capabilities With and Without Using the Serial Interface The MSL1060/61/64 operates as standalone LED drivers with full digital (PWM) and analog (DAC) LED dimming control and fault reporting. For the MSL1061/64, these functions are managed over the I2C or SMB serial interface. This allows LED intensity control through software. The serial interface also accesses more detailed fault management reporting as well as software controlled shutdown which turns off the LED drivers while the serial interface remains active. Table 2. Atmel LED Drivers-MSL1061/64 Standalone Capabilities Changes I2C Controlled Features FUNCTION 6 CONTROLS AVAILABLE BY HARDWARE INPUTS (SEE TABLE 3 ON PAGE 8) ADDITIONAL CONTROLS AVAILABLE VIA I2C (SEE MSL1061/64 DATA SHEET) Global on/off control EN input Run mode/sleep mode Individual LED string on/off control Not available String enables register Analog LED current adjustment ILED input Current setting register PWM LED current adjustment PWM input PWM frequency and PWM duty ratio registers Ambient light sensor (ALS) and/or auto-matic temperature LED current adjustment IADJ input Fault monitoring FLTB input indicates openstring, shorted- string, and overtemperature faults Status register identifies open/short circuit and over-temperature faults Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance Packages and Connections VIN EN N/C SW SW N/C Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 - 24 lead, 5mm x 5mm x 0.75mm TQFN package with 0.65mm lead pitch 24 23 22 21 20 19 VCC 1 18 OVP VDD 2 17 STR0 TEST1 3 16 STR1 TEST2 4 MSL1060 15 STR2 TEST3 5 (TOP VIEW) 14 STR3 TEST4 6 Figure 1. 24 – lead, 5mm x 5mm x 0.75mm TQFN (0.65mm lead pitch) with Exposed Pad 7 8 9 10 11 12 PWM FLTB OSC ILED IADJ STR5 13 STR4 Figure 2. 24-lead TQFN Package Dimensions Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 7 Connection Descriptions Table 3. Connection Assignments NAME 8 MSL1060 DESCRIPTION VCC 1 6V internal linear regulator output VCC powers the internal power FET switch driver. Bypass VCC to GND either with a 10µF or greater ceramic capacitor. If the voltage at VIN is less than 6.5V, connect VCC directly to VIN to bypass the internal linear regulator, and power the driver directly from VIN VDD 2 2.85V internal linear regulator output VDD powers internal logic Bypass VDD to GND with at least a 4.7µF ceramic capacitor TEST1 3 Factory test connection. Leave unconnected TEST2 4 Factory test connection. Connect to GND TEST3 5 Factory test connection. Connect to GND TEST4 6 Factory test connection. Connect to GND PWM 7 PWM control input Drive PWM with a PWM signal up to 40kHz to pulse-width-modulate the LED current FLTB 8 Fault indication output (active low) FLTB sinks current to GND whenever the MSL1060 detects a fault Once a fault is detected, FLTB remains low until EN is toggled low/high, or input power is cycled off/on OSC 9 Oscillator control input Connect a 115kΩ, 1% resistor from OSC to GND to set the internal oscillator frequency which sets the boost regulator switching frequency to 1.1MHz ILED 10 Maximum LED current control input Connect a resistor from ILED to GND to set the full-scale LED string current For example, connect a 100kΩ resistor to GND to set a 20mA sink current through each LED string IADJ 11 Analog LED current dimming input Apply a voltage in the range of 0V to 1.22V to adjust LED current from 0 to 100%. Use IADJ for ambient light sensing, temperature compensation, or other LED control functions Connect IADJ to VDD if unused STR5 12 LED String 5 current sink output Connect the cathode of LED String 5 to STR5 Connect STR5 to GND if unused STR4 13 LED String 4 current sink output Connect the cathode of LED String 4 to STR4 Connect STR4 to GND if unused STR3 14 LED String 3 current sink output Connect the cathode of LED String 3 to STR3 Connect STR3 to GND if unused STR2 15 LED String 2 current sink output Connect the cathode of LED String 2 to STR2 Connect STR2 to GND if unused STR1 16 LED String 1 current sink output Connect the cathode of LED String 1 to STR1 Connect STR1 to GND if unused STR0 17 LED String 0 current sink output Connect the cathode of LED String 0 to STR0 Connect STR0 to GND if unused Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance NAME MSL1060 DESCRIPTION OVP 18 Overvoltage detection input Connect to a resistive voltage divider from the boost output voltage to OVP to set the overvoltage protection set point.The OVP threshold is 1.28V N/C 19 No internal connection. Leave unconnected SW 20, 21 N/C 22 No internal connection. Leave unconnected EN 23 Active high enable input Drive EN high to turn on the MSL1060, and drive it low to turn it off For automatic startup, connect EN to VIN through a 100kΩ resistor VIN 24 Supply voltage input Connect the input supply voltage to VIN VIN powers the internal LDO regulator that powers VCC. Bypass VIN to GND with a 1µF or greater ceramic capacitor GND Exposed pad Drain of the internal boost power MOSFET switch Connect all SW leads together and to the boost regulator inductor and rectifier Ground Absolute Maximum Ratings Voltage (With Respect to GND Exposed Pad on Package Underside) VIN................................................................................................................................................................................................... -0.3V to +40V VCC, EN............................................................................................................................................................................................-0.3V to +8V VDD, OVP, IADJ, FLTB, ILED, OSC, PWM.....................................................................................................-0.3V to +3.6V SW................................................................................................................................................................................................... -0.3V to +50V STR0, STR1, STR2, STR3, STR4, STR5.......................................................................................................... -0.3V to +45V Current (Into Lead) SW............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ±3A STR0, STR1, STR2, STR3, STR4, STR5........................................................................................................................... ±35mA All other leads......................................................................................................................................................................................... ±20mA Continuous Power Dissipation at 70°C 24-lead TQFN (see Note 2, Note 3)........................................................................................................................... 2286mW Ambient Operating Temperature Range TA = TMIN to TMAX............................................... -40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ................................................................................................................................................................ +125°C Storage Temperature Range......................................................................................................................... -65°C to +125°C Lead Soldering Temperature, 10s................................................................................................................................... +300°C Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 9 Electrical Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 16, VVIN = 12V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VIN operating supply voltage VVIN = VVCC 4.75 6.5 V VCC unconnected 6.5 36 V VIN quiescent supply current VEN = 3V, VPWM = 0V VIN shutdown supply current VEN = VPWM = 0V VVIN = 12V 4 14 mA VVIN = 6V, VVCC = 6V 4 14 mA 1 4 10 µA 5.6 6 6.3 V 1 2 5 mV VCC output voltage VCC line regulation 6.5V < VVIN < 36V VCC dropout voltage VVIN = 6V, IVCC = 5mA, VPWM = 0V 100 300 550 mV VCC short-circuit current VVCC = 0V 30 80 150 mA VCC UVLO threshold VVCC rising, hysteresis = 150mV 4.1 4.3 4.5 V VDD output voltage IVDD = 1mA 2.7 2.9 3.1 V VDD short-circuit current VVDD = 0V 10 35 60 mA VDD UVLO threshold VVDD rising, hysteresis = 80mV 2.4 2.5 2.6 V Thermal shutdown threshold (rising) 135 °C Thermal shutdown hysteresis 10 °C PARAMETER CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - LED CURRENT CONTROL STR0 TO STR5 ILED regulation voltage R5 = 100kΩ 1.195 1.22 1.245 V STR0 to STR5 full scale sink current VSTRn = 1V, R5 = 100kΩ , VIADJ = VPWM = 3V 19.7 20 20.3 mA STR0 to STR5 maximum sink current VSTRn = 1V, R5 = 60kΩ, VIADJ = VPWM = 3V (Note 4) STR0 to STR5 current matching VSTRn = 1V, R5 = 100kΩ, VPWM = 3V (Note 5) STR0 to STR5 leakage current STR0 to STR5 short circuit detection threshold STR0 to STR5 open circuit detection threshold 10 30 mA 1.5 % VEN = 0V, VSTRn = 40V 0.1 1 µA VEN = 3V, VSTRn = 40V, VPWM = 3V 0.1 1 µA 4.4 4.8 V 4 0.1 V Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance PARAMETER CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - LOGIC I/OS EN logic high input voltage 2.3 V EN logic low input voltage EN logic input current VEN = 3V EN logic input series resistance Between EN input and internal Zener clamp EN logic input Zener clamp PWM logic high input voltage V 20 µA 10.5 kΩ 5.8 V 2 V PWM logic low input voltage FLTB output low voltage 0.8 Sinking 1mA 0.9 V 0.2 V 10 µA TYP MAX UNIT 0.4 0.6 Ω 1.245 V 0.1 IADJ, FLTB, PWM leakage current PARAMETER CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - BOOST REGULATOR SW on resistance ISW = 100mA SW current limit 2 OSC regulation voltage R4 = 115kΩ ±1% STR0-STR5 boost regulation voltage R5 = 100kΩ, PWM=100% (Note 6) OVP threshold VOVP rising 1.195 A 600 1.25 OVP hysteresis OVP leakage current 1.22 1.28 mV 1.31 60 VOVP = 3.6V PARAMETER CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP V mV 1 µA MAX UNIT AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PWM input frequency 0 50 kHz PWM input duty ratio 0 100 % 1.21 MHz Boost regulator switching frequency R4 = 115kΩ ±1% 0.99 1.1 Boost regulator maximum duty ratio R4 = 115kΩ ±1% 89 92 Boost regulator startup time 100 % 120 ms Note 1. Note 2. Note 3. Note 4. Note 5. All parameters are tested at TA=25°C, unless otherwise noted. Specifications at temperature are guaranteed by design Subject to thermal dissipation characteristics of the device When mounted according to JEDEC JEP149 and JESD51-12 for a two-layer PCB, θJA = 24.1°C/W and θJC = 2.7°C/W Guaranteed by design and characterization. Not production tested STR0 to STR5 current matching is the difference between any one string current and the average of all string currents divided by the average of all string currents Note 6. The MSL1060 selects the active string (STR0 through STR5) with the lowest voltage to control the boost regulator voltage Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 11 Typical Operating Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 16, VIN=12V, 6 strings of 10 LEDs per string, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted) Figure 3. System Efficiency Vs LED Duty Ratio Figure 6. Operating Current Vs VIN Figure 4. LED Current Vs PWM Duty Ratio Figure 7. Figure 5. Shutdown Current Vs VIN Figure 8. VDD Load Regulation 12 VCC Load Regulation Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) Figure 9. IADJ Response Figure 12. Open-circuit LED String Response VOUT VFLTB VSW Figure 10. PWM Operation; Minimum D time Figure 13. PWM Operation; FPWM = 200Hz, D =10% Figure 11. PWM Operation; Minimum Off Time Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Figure 14. PWM Operation; FPWM = 200Hz, D =70% 13 Block Diagram VIN 24 VCC 1 VDD 2 FLTB 8 PWM 7 IADJ 11 ILED 10 Figure 15. Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Block Diagram 14 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance Typical Application Circuit 4.7 Figure 16. Backlight Example Driving 60 White LEDs Table 4. Typ. Application Circuit Parameters PARAMETER Table 5. Typ. Application Circuit Bill of Materials VALUE COMPONENT 4.75V C4, C5, C6, C7* 30V C2 10µF, 10V, X7R or tantalum (see note) Number of LEDs 60 C3 33µF, 35V, X7R Number of LED strings 6 C1 4.7µF, 6.3V, X7R Number of LED per string 10 R8 1MΩ, 1% 20mA R9 28.7kΩ, 1% Osram LWY3SG R4 115kΩ, 1% R5 100kΩ, 1% R7 100kΩ, 5% R2 1MΩ, 5% L1 10µH, 1.7A Sumida CDRH6D28-100 D1 60V, 2A Schottky Central Semi CMSH2-60M LEDs 60 x 30mA LED Osram LW-Y2SG MSL1060 MSL1060 Minimum input voltage Maximum input voltage (set by minimum LEDs string voltage) LED forward current (set by R5) White LED Minimum LED forward voltage 2.9V Typical LED forward voltage 3.3V Maximum LED forward voltage 3.6V Minimum LED string voltage 29V Maximum LED string voltage 36V Oscillator frequency (set by R4) 1.1MHz Overvoltage protection (OVP) trip point (set by R8 and R9) 45.9V Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 LED driver DESCRIPTION VENDOR PART NUMBER 1µF, 50V, X7R * Note: C7 is only required if tantalum capacitor is used for C2 15 Detailed Description The MSL1060 is an integrated boost regulator plus LED driver solution for driving an array of LEDs with up to 8W of power. The MSL1060 is especially suited to drive up to 72 white LEDs for notebook computer backlighting. It is also suitable for industrial lighting and signage applications, and can for example drive a 6 string x 18 series LED array, totaling 108 red LEDs (2.5V LED forward voltage drop). The MSL1060 includes 6 current sinks (STR0 through STR5) that each control the LED current of series connected LEDs. A built-in step-up regulator supplies power to the LEDs. The MSL1060 controls the output voltage of the boost regulator such that all LED strings have sufficient voltage to maintain regulated LED current. This control loop operates automatically without any user interaction. LED Current Sinks The LEDs are connected in both series and parallel combinations. The MSL1060 powers up to six parallel strings with each string having up to 12 series-connected white LEDs. The MSL1060 internally controls the current of each string to ensure that all LEDs operate at the same current. The MSL1060 measures the voltage at each of the current sink outputs, STR0 to STR5, and determines which has the lowest voltage. It uses this voltage to control the internal boost regulation voltage such that all current sink voltages have sufficient headroom to maintain high current accuracy and matching. By matching LED string voltages, the voltage drop across each string driver (the current sink outputs STR0 to STR5) is also matched. This allows the LED driver to adjust the boost regulator output voltage to minimize voltage headroom and thus power dissipation. Minimizing string driver dissipation optimizes efficiency. Disable unused current sink outputs by connecting them to GND. At startup, the MSL1060 checks each current sink output, STR0 to STR5, to determine if the respective LED string shorted to GND. If a current sink output is connected to GND, the MSL1060 detects that as an unused string and disables it. PWM Brightness Control The MSL1060 uses an external PWM signal whose waveform (frequency and duty) directly controls the current sink outputs, STR0 to STR5. The MSL1060 turns-on all active LED strings when the PWM input is high, and turns them off when it is low. Transition the external PWM signa between the 0.9V maximum logic low level and the 2.0V minimum logic high level as quickly as possible to allow the MSL1060 to produce an accurate PWM dimming time without jitter. Also, the 14µs LED string output fall time and 3.2µs rise time limit the external PWM to 230Hz for 8-bit (256:1) brightness resolution at the lowest end of the PWM duty range. Use equal numbers of LEDs with the same part number in each LED string to maintain the same nominal voltage drop across each string. If the number or type of LEDs on each string does not match, the MSL1060 adjusts the LED voltage so that the largest-forward-voltage string has enough voltage at its current sink for the necessary current accuracy and matching. If there’s excessive variation between the voltages at the STR0 to STR5 current sinks, the MSL1060 dissipates extra power, thereby reducing power efficiency. 16 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance Boost Regulator Fault Management The MSL1060 includes a built-in boost regulator that supplies voltage to the LEDs. The boost output voltage ranges from the input voltage up to 48V. The boost regulator generates the voltage at the top (anode end) of each parallel LED string (Figure 15, Figure 16) anywhere between the boost input voltage and 48V. The voltage is automatically set by the MSL1060 such that the LED string with the highest forward voltage remains above the minimum voltage required to ensure LED current accuracy and matching. The MSL1060 includes comprehensive fault detection circuitry. The MSL1060 automatically detects and corrects for open circuit LED strings, short circuit LEDs, boost regulator overload, and die over-temperature faults. The open-drain FLTB output indicates faults by sinking current to GND. Reset faults by cycling the EN input low and then high. The boost regulator is compensated internally using digital control. This reduces the number of external components and allows the control system to save the operating point during the PWM off time, minimizing the required recovery at LED turn on. The current mode regulation system operates at a fixed 1.1MHz switching frequency for easy control of noise. The high switching frequency allows for a small external inductor and capacitors, reducing size and cost. The switch current is internally limited to 2A to prevent overstress in the event a boost regulator overload condition. If an open or short circuit LED string fault occurs, the MSL1060 automtatically disables the faulty LED string, and asserts the active-low, open-drain FLTB output to alert the system of the fault. LED String Faults Die Over-temperature Fault If the MSL1060 detects die over-temperature (135°C), it turns-off until the die cools. The MSL1060 restarts automatically when the die is cooled by 15°C, allowing control by the EN and PWM inputs. For maximum power efficiency, ensure that the minimum forward voltage of a series LED string is greater than the maximum input voltage to the boost regulator. The boost regulator by nature includes a DC path through the inductor and rectifier to the boost output voltage, and, therefore, the MSL1060 cannot control the LED voltage lower than the input voltage. If the series LED string voltage is less than the input voltage, the boost regulator turns off and the voltage at the anode end of the string is approximately the input voltage, and so the current sink outputs STR0 to STR5 drop the difference between the string forward voltage and the input voltage. Any increase in voltage across current sink outputs STR0 to STR5 reduces power efficiency. Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 17 Application Information VCC and VDD Regulators Setting the Full-scale LED String Current - R5 The MSL1060 includes two linear voltage regulators to generate the internal voltage rails, VDD and VCC. The regulators allow the same higher voltage supply, VIN, which supplies the LED boost regulator to power the MSL1060 internal circuity. Only use the VDD and VCC regulators to power the MSL1060’s internal circuitry; do not draw any external current from the regulators. Set the full-scale static LED current for all enabled strings with the resistor, R5 (Figure 16), from ILED to GND. The maximum full-scale LED current is 30mA. Calculate the resistor R5 value to set the full-scale LED string current IILED by the equation: The VCC regulator generates a 6V rail from VIN. VCC powers the boost regulator’s power switch and the VDD regulator. Bypass VCC to GND either with a 10µF or greater ceramic capacitor or with a 10µF or greater tantalum capacitor in parallel with a 1µF ceramic capacitor. In applications where there is a local 4.75V to 6.5V supply available, power VCC powered directly from this supply by connecting VCC and VIN together to this 4.75V to 6.5V supply. A higher voltage supply can still be used to power the LED boost regulator by applying the voltage to the inductor, L1 (Figure 16), and not the MSL1060. The VDD regulator generates a 2.85V rail from VCC. VDD operates the internal low-voltage circuits. Bypass VDD to GND with a 1µF or greater capacitor. Internal Oscillator - R4 Set the MSL1060 internal oscillator frequency with resistor R4 from OSC to GND (Figure 16). Use a 115kΩ ±1% resistor for R4, which also sets the boost regulator PWM frequency to 1.1MHz. Changing the internal oscillator frequency alters the boost regulator internal frequency compensation degrading performance. Do not use a different value for R4, or else the MSL1060 performance is not guaranteed. I ILED = 2000 R5 where R5 is in kilohms and ILED is in milliamperes. Resistor R5 value of 100kΩ sets the full-scale LED current to 20mA. Use R5 value not less than 66.7kΩ, which sets the full-scale LED current to 30mA. Enable Input - R7 The EN input turns on/off the MSL1060. Drive EN high (or connect to VIN through resistor R7) to turn on the MSL1060, and drive EN low to turn it off. The EN input is internally over-voltage protected (Figure 17) to allow connection to a higher voltage than the 8V maximum input voltage rating by use of an ESD clamp at the input, which sinks current if the input exceeds typically 12V. An internal 10.5kΩ series resistor followed by a 5.8V Zener diode further limits the voltage to the internal logic buffer. Use an external series resistor, R7 to limit the ESD clamp current to no more than 20mA If EN is driven to a voltage higher than 8V. Use R7 value of 100kΩ when driving EN high to voltages above 8V, and omit R7 (directly drive EN) for voltages below 8V. MSL1060 Enable Input 23 3 0 Rint t 10.5 K ESD clamp 12V nominal clamp GND D Enable Input Zinte t5.8 V GND D . Figure 17. Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Enable Input Internal Protection Circuit 18 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 6-string PWM LED Driver with Digitally Compensated, 1.1MHz, 48V Boost Regulator and ±1.5% LED String Current Balance IADJ Input - LED Temperature Compensation and/or Ambient Light Sensing To select inductor use the following equations The MSL1060 analog control input, IADJ, allows reduction of the full-scale static LED current from the current set by resistor R5. IADJ controls the LED current proportionally to the voltage on IADJ, between 0V and 1.22V. For example, setting IADJ to 0V reduces the full-scale static LED current to zero. Setting IADJ to 0.61 V reduces the full-scale static LED current to half. IADJ voltage greater than 1.22V retains full-scale static LED current. If analog control is not used, connect IADJ to VDD. Vin Vout L= (0.3)* (I in )* ( f sw ) For automatic temperature compensation, connect a negative-temperature-co-efficient (NTC) thermistor from VDD to IADJ and a resistor from IADJ to GND. As temperature rises, the voltage at IADJ also increases, effectively increasing the LED current. For automatic ambient light compensation, connect a photodiode or integrated ambient light sensor (ALS) to the IADJ input. As ambient light intensives, the voltage at IADJ also increases, effectively increasing the LED current. Boost Regulator Components The internally compensated boost regulator, includes an internal, high-voltage FET power switch, and requires only an inductor, rectifier, and bypass capacitors to operate. The current mode boost regulator operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM) or discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In CCM, the inductor current does not fall to zero when operating at full power, which reduces inductor ripple current and switching noise. The boost regulator and internal compensation switches at 1.1MHz. Use 115kΩ for resistor R4 from OSC to GND (Figure 16) to set the oscillator frequency. Select the inductor, rectifier diode, and output capacitors according to the following guidelines. (Vin )* 1 − Where Vout = Forward voltage of LED string + 0.6V Vin = Input voltage fsw = Switching frequency of boost controller, this is 1.1MHz for MSL1060 and I in = I LED (total ) * Vout 0.9 * Vin Choose an inductor with a peak current rating > 2A. Common inductor values can range from 4.7µH to 22µH. To minimize losses in the rectifier, choose a fastswitching diode with low forward drop. Ensure that the rectifier can withstand a reverse voltage equal to the regulator output voltage. The average forward current is equal to the total LED string current (for example 6 strings x 30mA = 180mA), while the peak current is equal to the inductor peak current (2A). The boost output capacitor holds the voltage at the output of the boost regulator while the internal power switch is on. Use ceramic boost output capacitors because of their small size and high ripple current capacity. Derate ceramic capacitors for operating voltage because the voltage coefficient decreases the effective capacitance with increased operating voltage. Use two parallel-connected 1µF 100V X7R ceramic capacitors and a 10µH inductor with a 1.7A peak current rating. Over-voltage Protection (OVP) - R8 and R9 The OVP input sets the boost regulator’s output voltage upper limit, and protects the boost regulator from common faults such as open circuit LEDs. Resistors R8 and R9 (Figure 16) set the OVP voltage VTRIP is set by: VTRIP = VOVP ( R8 + R 9) R9 where VOVP=1.28V, nominal. Atmel LED Driver-MSL1060 19 Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 USA Tel: (+1)(408) 441-0311 Fax:(+1)(408) 487-2600 www.atmel.com Atmel Asia Limited Unit 01-5 & 16, 19F BEA Tower, Millennium City 5 418 Kwun Tong Road Kwun Tong, Kowloon HONG KONG Tel: (+852) 2245-6100 Fax:(+852) 2722-1369 Atmel Munich GmbH Business Campus Parkring 4 D-85748 Garching b. Munich GERMANY Tel: (+49) 89-31970-0 Fax:(+49) 89-3194621 Atmel Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 JAPAN Tel: (+81)(3) 3523-3551 Fax:(+81)(3) 3523-7581 © 2011 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved. / Rev.: MEM-MSL1060DS1-E-US_06-11 Atmel®, logo and combinations thereof, and others are registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others. Disclaimer: The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products. 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