19-0857; Rev 0; 7/07 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux The MAX9729 stereo DirectDrive™ headphone amplifier features bass boost, volume control, an input mux, and an I2C/SMBus™-compatible serial interface. This makes the MAX9729 ideal for portable audio applications where space is at a premium and performance is essential. The MAX9729 operates from a single 1.8V to 3.6V, and uses Maxim’s patented† DirectDrive architecture, eliminating the need for large DC-blocking capacitors. The headphone amplifiers deliver 52mW into a 32Ω load, feature low 0.03% THD+N, and high 90dB PSRR. Maxim’s industry-leading click-and-pop suppression circuitry reduces audible transients during power and shutdown cycles. The BassMax feature boosts the bass response of the amplifier, improving audio reproduction for low-end headphones. The integrated volume control features 32 discrete volume levels along with a ramping function to ensure smooth transitions during shutdown cycles and input selection. The MAX9729’s eight programmable maximum gain settings allow for a wide range of input signal levels. A 3:1 multiplexer/mixer allows the selection and summation of multiple stereo input signal sources. The MAX9729 also includes a dedicated BEEP input with independent attenuation control. BassMax, volume control, gain settings, and input selection are controlled using the I2C/SMBus-compatible serial interface. A lowpower, 5µA shutdown mode is controlled through an external logic input or the serial interface. The MAX9729 consumes only 4.8mA of supply current, provides short-circuit and thermal-overload protection, and is specified over the -40°C to +85°C extended temperature range. The MAX9729 is available in a spacesaving 28-pin thin QFN package (5mm x 5mm x 0.8mm). Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet. Features ♦ DirectDrive Headphone Amplifier Eliminates Bulky DC-Blocking Capacitors ♦ 3:1 Input Multiplexer with Digital-Fade Circuitry ♦ Software-Enabled Bass Boost ♦ 32-Step Integrated Volume Control ♦ Beep Input with Programmable Output Level ♦ Low Quiescent Current ♦ Industry-Leading Click-and-Pop Suppression ♦ I2C-Compatible 2-Wire Interface ♦ Short-Circuit Protection ♦ 1.8V to 3.6V Single-Supply Operation ♦ Available in Space-Saving, Thermally Efficient 28-Pin TQFN-EP (5mm x 5mm x 0.8mm) Applications Portable CD/DVD/MD Players Automotive Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Cell Phones Flat-Panel TVs MP3/PMP Players Ordering Information PART MAX9729ETI+ PINPACKAGE 28 TQFN-EP** SLAVE ADDRESS* PKG CODE 101000_ T2855-5 Note: This device is specified over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range. +Denotes lead-free package. *Last digit of slave address is pin programmable. **EP = Exposed pad. SMBus is a trademark of Intel Corp. †U.S. Patent # 7,061,327 Simplified Block Diagram 1.8V TO 3.6V BML BassMax SCL SDA I2C INTERFACE MAX9729 INL1 INL2 INL3 MIXER INR1 MUX INR2 FADER CONTROL INR3 BEEP PGA Σ OUTL Σ OUTR VOLUME CONTROL PGA BMR BassMax ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX9729 General Description MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VDD, PVDD to PGND or SGND .................................-0.3V to +4V VDD to PVDD ................................................Internally Connected PVSS to SVSS .......................................................................±0.3V SGND to PGND...................................................................±0.3V C1P to PGND..............................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) C1N to PGND............................................(PVSS - 0.3V) to +0.3V PVSS, SVSS to PGND ................................................+0.3V to -4V INL_, INR_, BEEP to SGND............(SVSS - 0.3V) to (VDD + 0.3V) SDA, SCL, BEEP_EN to PGND.................................-0.3V to +4V SHDN to PGND ..........................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) OUT_ to PGND ............................................................-3V to +3V BM_ to SGND ..............................................................-2V to +2V Duration of OUT_ Short Circuit to PGND....................Continuous Continuous Current Into/Out of: VDD, C1P, C1N, PGND, PVSS, SVSS, or OUT_ .............±0.85A All other pins.................................................................±20mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C, multilayer board) 28-Pin Thin QFN (derate 28.6mW/°C above +70°C) 0.2286mW Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) 28-Pin TQFN.................................................................35°C/W Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C OUT_ ESD Protection (Human Body Model) .......................±8kV ESD Protection of All Other Pins ..........................................±2kV Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (3V Supply) (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 3V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 6dB, volume attenuation setting = -16dB (overall gain = -10dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS GENERAL Supply Voltage Range Charge-Pump and Logic Supply Voltage VDD (Note 2) 1.8 3.6 V PVDD (Note 2) 1.8 3.6 V 5.5 8 mA 5 10 µA Quiescent Supply Current IDD Shutdown Supply Current IDD_SHDN Turn-On Time Beep Enable Time tON No load, BEEP_EN = VDD (Note 3) VSHDN = 0V From shutdown mode to full operation 200 µs µs tON_BEEP 12 Thermal Shutdown Threshold TTHRES 146 °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis THYST 13 °C HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER Input Resistance Output Offset Voltage BMR, BML Input Bias Current 2 RIN VOSHP IBIAS_BM Applicable to all maximum gain and volume settings Measured between OUT_ and SGND, overall gain = -10dB (Note 3) 14 25 35 kΩ ±0.7 ±3.5 mV ±10 ±100 nA _______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 3V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 6dB, volume attenuation setting = -16dB (overall gain = -10dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS VDD = 1.8V to 3.6V, overall gain = 6dB Power-Supply Rejection Ratio Output Power PSRR POUT Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise Maximum Gain THD+N AVMAX Beep Input Attenuation Signal-to-Noise Ratio Slew Rate AV_BEEP SNR (Note 3) 72 95 90 f = 1kHz, 100mVP-P ripple, overall gain = 26dB 82 f = 20kHz, 100mVP-P ripple, overall gain = 26dB 58 THD+N = 1%, fIN = 1kHz, overall gain = 1.8dB, TA = +25°C (Note 4) fIN = 1kHz, overall gain = 3.5dB (Note 4) 12 49 RL = 32Ω 21 52 UNITS mW RL = 16Ω, POUT = 42mW 0.04 RL = 32Ω, POUT = 40mW 0.04 % Register 0x01, B[2:0] = 000 3.5 Register 0x01, B[2:0] = 001 6 Register 0x01, B[2:0] = 010 8 Register 0x01, B[2:0] = 011 10 Register 0x01, B[2:0] = 100 19.5 Register 0x01, B[2:0] = 101 22 Register 0x01, B[2:0] = 110 24 Register 0x01, B[2:0] = 111 26 Register 0x01, B[7:5] = 000 10 Register 0x01, B[7:5] = 001 20 Register 0x01, B[7:5] = 010 30 Register 0x01, B[7:5] = 011 40 Register 0x01, B[7:5] = 100 50 Register 0x01, B[7:5] = 101 52 Register 0x01, B[7:5] = 110 54 Register 0x01, B[7:5] = 111 56 RL = 32Ω, VOUT = 1VRMS MAX dB RL = 16Ω BW = 22Hz to 22kHz 99 BW = 22Hz to 22kHz and A-weighted 101 No sustained oscillations Output Resistance in Shutdown TYP f = 217Hz, 100mVP-P ripple, overall gain = 26dB SR Capacitive Drive MIN VSHDN = 0V, measured from OUT_ to ROUT_SHDN SGND dB dB dB 0.5 V/µs 200 pF 20 kΩ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX9729 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (3V Supply) (continued) MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (3V Supply) (continued) (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 3V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 6dB, volume attenuation setting = -16dB (overall gain = -10dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Click-and-Pop Level Charge-Pump Switching Frequency SYMBOL KCP CONDITIONS Peak voltage, Aweighted, 32 samples per second (Notes 3 and 5) MIN Into shutdown MAX UNITS 81 dBV Out of shutdown fCP 80 505 L to R, or R to L, f = 10kHz, VOUT = 1VRMS, RL = 32Ω, both channels loaded Crosstalk TYP 600 730 78 kHz dB DIGITAL INPUTS (SHDN, SDA, SCL, BEEP_EN) Input High Voltage VIH Input Low Voltage VIL 1.4 Input Leakage Current V -1 0.4 V +1 µA DIGITAL OUTPUTS (SDA) Output Low Voltage VOL IOL = 3mA Output High Current IOH VSDA = VDD 0.4 V 1 µA ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (2.4V Supply) (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 2.4V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 6dB, volume attenuation setting = -16dB (overall gain = -10dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS Quiescent Current IDD Shutdown Current ISHDN VSHDN = 0V POUT THD+N = 1%, fIN = 1kHz, overall gain = 3.5dB, TA = +25°C (Note 4) Output Power Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise Power-Supply Rejection Ratio 4 THD+N PSRR No load (Note 3) fIN = 1kHz, overall gain = 3.5dB (Note 4) 100mVP-P ripple (Note 3) RL = 16Ω MIN TYP MAX UNITS 4.5 mA 4 µA 32 mW RL = 32Ω 32 RL = 16Ω, POUT = 23mW 0.03 RL = 32Ω, POUT = 23mW 0.03 % f = 217Hz 90 f = 1kHz 85 f = 10kHz 61 _______________________________________________________________________________________ dB Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 2.4V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 6dB, volume attenuation setting = -16dB (overall gain = -10dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL Signal-to-Noise Ratio Click-and-Pop Level CONDITIONS RL = 32Ω, VOUT = 1VRMS, overall gain = 3.5dB SNR Peak voltage, A-weighted, 32 samples per second (Notes 3 and 5) KCP MIN BW = 22Hz to 22kHz TYP MAX UNITS 98 dB BW = 22Hz to 22kHz and A-weighted 101 Into shutdown 79 dBV Out of shutdown 79 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 3V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 6dB, volume setting = -16dB (overall gain = -10dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1 and 6) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 400 kHz Serial Clock Frequency fSCL 0 Bus Free Time Between a STOP and a START Condition tBUF 1.3 µs tHD:STA 0.6 µs Low Period of the SCL Clock tLOW 1.3 µs High Period of the SCL Clock tHIGH 0.6 µs Setup Time for a Repeated START Condition tSU:STA 0.6 µs Data Hold Time tHD:DAT 0 Data Setup Time tSU:DAT 100 Hold Time Repeated for a START Condition 0.9 ns Rise Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals tr 300 Fall Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals tf 300 Setup Time for STOP Condition Pulse Width of Suppressed Spike Capacitive Load for Each Bus Line tSU:STO tSP CL_BUS µs 0.6 ns ns µs 50 ns 400 pF All specifications are 100% tested at TA = +25°C. Temperature limits are guaranteed by design. VDD and PVDD must be connected together. Inputs AC-coupled to SGND. Both channels loaded and driven in phase. Headphone testing performed with a 32Ω resistive load connected to PGND. Mode transitions are controlled by SHDN. KCP level is calculated as 20log[(peak voltage during mode transition, no input signal)/1VRMS]. Units are expressed in dBV. Note 6: Guaranteed by design. Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: Note 5: _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX9729 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (2.4V Supply) (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 3V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, CIN = 1µF (1206 case size, X7R dielectric ceramic capacitor), BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 3.5dB, volume attenuation setting = 0dB (total voltage gain = 3.5dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. Both channels loaded and driven in phase. TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) VDD = 3V RL = 16Ω VDD = 3V RL = 32Ω 10 1 fIN = 5kHz 1 fIN = 5kHz fIN = 1kHz fIN = 100Hz 0.01 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 50 60 70 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY VDD = 3V RL = 16Ω POUT = 42mW fIN = 100Hz 5 POUT = 40mW THD+N (%) 0.01 POUT = 9mW 10 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 POUT = 5mW 0.001 0.001 0.01 VDD = 3V RL = 32Ω 0.1 THD+N (%) 0.01 fIN = 1kHz 1 MAX9729 toc05 1 MAX9729 toc06 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY fIN = 5kHz 100 1k 10k 10 100k 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY POWER DISSIPATION vs. OUTPUT POWER POUT = 23mW VDD = 2.4V RL = 32Ω POUT = 23mW THD+N (%) 0.1 0.01 POUT = 8mW 350 POUT = 3mW VDD = 3V fIN = 1kHz POUT = POUTL + POUTR 300 POWER DISSIPATION (mW) MAX9729 toc07 1 100k MAX9729 toc09 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) VDD = 2.4V RL = 16Ω 0.01 0 80 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER 1 0.1 40 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) 0.1 1 30 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) 10 0 20 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) VDD = 2.4V RL = 32Ω 0.1 10 fIN = 100Hz 0.01 MAX9729 toc08 100 10 MAX9729 toc04 0 fIN = 5kHz 0.1 fIN = 100Hz 0.01 1 fIN = 1kHz fIN = 1kHz 0.1 0.1 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) THD+N (%) VDD = 2.4V RL = 16Ω 10 10 THD+N (%) 100 MAX9729 toc02 100 MAX9729 toc01 100 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER MAX9729 toc03 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER THD+N (%) MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux 250 RL = 16Ω 200 150 RL = 32Ω 100 50 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 6 0 0.001 0.001 10k 100k 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 OUTPUT POWER (mW) _______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 3V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, CIN = 1µF (1206 case size, X7R dielectric ceramic capacitor), BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 3.5dB, volume attenuation setting = 0dB (total voltage gain = 3.5dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. Both channels loaded and driven in phase. TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) 150 RL = 16Ω 100 RL = 32Ω 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 60 50 THD+N = 10% 40 30 20 10 THD+N = 1% 35 30 20 15 10 100 10 1000 1000 POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY 0 MAX9729 toc14 100 fIN = 1kHz RL = 32Ω -20 -40 80 PSRR (dB) THD+N = 10% 60 20 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY -20 -40 R TO L -60 -80 L TO R -100 HPL 100k 10k GAIN = 19.5dB VOUT = 1VP-P RL = 32Ω -20 -40 -60 L TO R -80 -100 R TO L -120 -120 -120 FREQUENCY (Hz) 1k CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY 0 CROSSTALK (dB) CROSSTALK (dB) -80 GAIN = 3.5dB VOUT = 1VP-P RL = 32Ω 100 FREQUENCY (Hz) MAX9729 toc17 0 MAX9729 toc16 HPR 1k 10 CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY -40 100 HPL -120 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 -100 HPR -100 THD+N = 1% 0 -60 -60 -80 40 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 VDD = 2.4V SUPPLY RIPPLE 100mVP-P RL = 32Ω VDD = 3V SUPPLY RIPPLE 100mVP-P RL = 32Ω MAX9729 toc18 THD+N = 1% OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) 20 120 MAX9729 toc15 OUTPUT POWER vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 40 10 100 OUTPUT POWER vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 60 -20 THD+N = 1% 5 LOAD RESISTANCE (Ω) THD+N = 10% 0 THD+N = 10% 25 LOAD RESISTANCE (Ω) 0 PSRR (dB) 40 OUTPUT POWER (mW) fIN = 1kHz RL = 16Ω 80 VDD = 2.4V fIN = 1kHz 45 0 10 120 MAX9729 toc13 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) 100 70 50 0 0 120 VDD = 3V fIN = 1kHz 80 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) 200 90 MAX9729 toc11 MAX9729 toc10 VDD = 2.4V fIN = 1kHz POUT = POUTL + POUTR OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) POWER DISSIPATION (mW) 250 OUTPUT POWER vs. LOAD RESISTANCE OUTPUT POWER vs. LOAD RESISTANCE MAX9729 toc12 POWER DISSIPATION vs. OUTPUT POWER 10k 100k 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX9729 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 3V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, CIN = 1µF (1206 case size, X7R dielectric ceramic capacitor), BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 3.5dB, volume attenuation setting = 0dB (total voltage gain = 3.5dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. Both channels loaded and driven in phase. TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) -40 -50 L TO R -60 L TO R -80 -100 R TO L -5 1k 100k 10k 1k 10k 100k OUTPUT POWER vs. CHARGE-PUMP CAPACITANCE AND LOAD RESISTANCE 50 C1 = C2 = 0.68μF 30 20 -120 VDD = 3V fIN = 1kHz THD+N = 1% 10 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 15 10 10 20 30 40 50 0 60 20 30 50 60 MAX9729 toc27 MAX9729 toc26 VDD 2V/div VSHDN 2V/div VSHDN 2V/div VOUT_ 10mV/div VOUT_ 2V/div VOUT_ 2V/div 40μs/div 40 ENTERING SHUTDOWN EXITING SHUTDOWN MAX9729 toc25 100ms/div 10 LOAD RESISTANCE (Ω) LOAD RESISTANCE (Ω) POWER-UP/POWER-DOWN WAVEFORM C1 = C2 = 0.68μF 20 0 0 FREQUENCY (kHz) 30 5 0 -160 VDD = 2.4V fIN = 1kHz THD+N = 1% C1 = C2 = 1μF 35 OUTPUT POWER (mW) OUTPUT POWER (mW) -100 C1 = C2 = 1μF 40 40 MAX9729 toc23 60 MAX9729 toc24 OUTPUT POWER vs. CHARGE-PUMP CAPACITANCE AND LOAD RESISTANCE -140 8 10k OUTPUT SPECTRUM -80 4 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) -60 2 100 FREQUENCY (Hz) -40 0 10 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) VDD = 3V fIN = 1kHz RL = 32Ω -20 100 10 MAX9729 toc22 0 100 DISABLED -10 -120 10 R2 = 10kΩ C6 = 0.22μF 5 0 -100 R TO L -90 R2 = 22kΩ C6 = 0.1μF 10 -60 NO LOAD R1 = 47kΩ R2 = 36kΩ C4 = 0.068μF 15 -40 -70 -80 20 MAX9729 toc21 -20 CROSSTALK (dB) CROSSTALK (dB) -30 GAIN = 19.5dB VOUT = 1VP-P RL = 16Ω GAIN (dB) GAIN = 3.5dB VOUT = 1VP-P RL = 16Ω -20 0 MAX9729 toc19 0 -10 BASS BOOST FREQUENCY RESPONSE CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY MAX9729 toc20 CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY OUTPUT MAGNITUDE (dBV) MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux 40μs/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux (VDD = PVDD = SHDN = 3V, PGND = SGND = 0V, C1 = C2 = C3 = 1µF, CIN = 1µF (1206 case size, X7R dielectric ceramic capacitor), BM_ = 0V, maximum gain setting = 3.5dB, volume attenuation setting = 0dB (total voltage gain = 3.5dB), BassMax disabled. Load connected between OUT_ and PGND where specified. THD+N measurement BW = 22Hz to 22kHz. Both channels loaded and driven in phase. TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) NO LOAD INPUTS AC-GROUNDED 100mV/div 5 6 SUPPLY CURRENT (μA) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 200mV/div 7 MAX9729 toc29 6 4 3 MAX9729 toc30 MAX9729 toc28 200mV/div SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE FADER OPERATION 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 20ms/div 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 INR2 Right-Channel Input 2 2 INR3 Right-Channel Input 3 3 SGND 4, 8, 15, 22 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. 5 ADD Slave Address Selection Input. Connect ADD to VDD to set the device slave address to 1010001 or to PGND to set the device slave address to 1010000. 6 PVSS Charge-Pump Output. Connect to SVSS. 7 SDA Serial Data Input. Connect a pullup resistor greater than 500Ω from SDA to PVDD. Signal Ground. Connect SGND to PGND at a single point on the PCB near the device. 9 C1N 10 PGND Charge-Pump Flying Capacitor Negative Terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1P and C1N. 11 C1P 12 SCL Serial Clock Input. Connect a pullup resistor greater than 500Ω from SCL to PVDD. 13 PVDD Charge-Pump and Logic Power-Supply Input. Bypass PVDD to PGND with a 1µF capacitor and connect to VDD. PVDD and VDD are internally connected and should each have a 1µF bypass capacitor located as close to the device as possible. 14 SVSS Headphone Amplifier Negative Power-Supply Input. Connect to PVSS and bypass with a 1µF capacitor to PGND. Power Ground. Connect PGND to SGND at a single point on the PCB near the device. Charge-Pump Flying Capacitor Positive Terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1P and C1N. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX9729 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux MAX9729 Pin Description (continued) PIN NAME FUNCTION 16 BMR Right BassMax Input. Connect an external passive network between OUTR and BMR to apply bass boost to the right-channel output. See the BassMax Gain-Setting Components section. Connect BMR to SGND if BassMax is not used. 17 OUTR Right Headphone Output 18 OUTL Left Headphone Output 19 BML Left BassMax Input. Connect an external passive network between OUTL and BML to apply bass boost to the left-channel output. See the BassMax Gain-Setting Components section. Connect BML to SGND, if BassMax is not used. 20 BEEP_EN Beep Enable Input. Connect BEEP_EN to PVDD to enable the beep amplifier or to PGND to disable the beep amplifier. 21 SHDN Active-Low Shutdown Input. Drive SHDN low to disable the MAX9729. Connect SHDN to VDD while B7 in command register 0x00 is equal to 1 for normal operation (see Command Registers section). 23 VDD Power-Supply Input. Bypass VDD to PGND with a 1µF capacitor and connect to PVDD. VDD and PVDD are internally connected and should each have a 1µF bypass capacitor located as to close to the device as possible. 24 BEEP Beep Input 25 INL1 Left-Channel Input 1 26 INL2 Left-Channel Input 2 27 INL3 Left-Channel Input 3 28 INR1 EP EP Right-Channel Input 1 Exposed Paddle. Connect EP to SVSS or leave unconnected. Detailed Description The MAX9729 stereo headphone amplifier features Maxim’s patented DirectDrive architecture, eliminating the large output-coupling capacitors required by conventional single-supply headphone amplifiers. The MAX9729 consists of two 52mW Class AB headphone amplifiers, 3:1 stereo input multiplexer/mixer, two adjustable gain preamplifiers, a dedicated beep amplifier with independent gain control, hardware/software shutdown control, inverting charge pump, integrated 32-level volume control, BassMax circuitry, comprehensive click-and-pop suppression circuitry, and an I2C/SMBus-compatible interface (see the Functional Diagram/Typical Operating Circuit). A negative power supply (PVSS) is created internally by inverting the positive supply (PVDD). Powering the amplifiers from VDD and PVSS increases the dynamic range of the amplifiers to almost twice that of other single-supply amplifiers, increasing the total available output power. An I2C/SMBus-compatible interface allows serial communication between the MAX9729 and a microcon- 10 troller. The MAX9729’s slave address is programmed to one of two different values using the ADD input allowing two MAX9729 ICs to share the same bus (see Table 1). The internal command registers control the shutdown mode of the MAX9729, select/mix input signal sources, enable the BassMax circuitry, headphone and beep amplifier gains, and set the volume level (see Table 2). The MAX9729’s BassMax circuitry improves audio reproduction by boosting the bass response of the amplifier, compensating for any low-frequency attenuation introduced by the headphone. External components set the MAX9729’s overall gain allowing for custom gain settings (see the BassMax Gain-Setting Components section). DirectDrive Traditional single-supply headphone amplifiers have their outputs biased about a nominal DC voltage, typically half the supply, for maximum dynamic range. Large coupling capacitors are needed to block this DC bias from the headphone. Without these capacitors, a significant amount of DC current flows to the head- ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux MAX9729 phone, resulting in unnecessary power dissipation and possible damage to both headphone and headphone amplifier. In addition to the cost and size disadvantages, the DC-blocking capacitors required by conventional headphone amplifiers limit low-frequency response and can distort the audio signal. Maxim’s patented DirectDrive architecture uses a charge pump to create an internal negative supply voltage. This allows the MAX9729 headphone amplifier outputs to be biased about ground, almost doubling the dynamic range while operating from a single supply (see Figure 1). With no DC component, there is no need for the large DC-blocking capacitors. Instead of two large (up to 220µF) tantalum capacitors, the MAX9729 charge pump requires only two small 1µF ceramic capacitors, conserving board space, reducing cost, and improving the frequency response of the headphone amplifier. See the Output Power vs. Charge-Pump Capacitance and Load Resistance graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics for details of the possible capacitor sizes. VOUT VDD VDD / 2 VDD GND CONVENTIONAL DRIVER BIASING SCHEME VOUT +VDD GND 2VDD Charge Pump The MAX9729 features a low-noise charge pump. The 610kHz switching frequency is well beyond the audio range, and does not interfere with the audio signals. This enables the MAX9729 to achieve an SNR of 99dB. The switch drivers feature a controlled switching speed that minimizes noise generated by turn-on and turn-off transients. Limiting the switching speed of the charge pump also minimizes di/dt noise caused by the parasitic bond wire and trace inductances. Click-and-Pop Suppression In conventional single-supply headphone amplifiers, the output-coupling capacitor is a major contributor of audible clicks and pops. The amplifier charges the coupling capacitor to its output bias voltage at startup. During shutdown, the capacitor is discharged. The charging and discharging results in a DC shift across the capacitor, which appears as an audible transient at the headphone speaker. Since the MAX9729 headphone amplifier does not require output-coupling capacitors, no audible transients occur. Additionally, the MAX9729 features extensive click-andpop suppression that eliminates any audible transient sources internal to the device. The Power-Up/PowerDown Waveform in the Typical Operating Characteristics shows that there are minimal transients at the output upon startup or shutdown. In most applications, the preamplifier driving the MAX9729 has a DC bias of typically half the supply. The input-coupling capacitor is charged to the pream- -VDD DirectDrive BIASING SCHEME Figure 1. Traditional Amplifier Output vs. MAX9729 DirectDrive Output plifier’s bias voltage through the MAX9729’s input resistor (RIN) during startup. The resulting shift across the capacitor creates a voltage transient that must settle before the 50ms turn-on time has elapsed. Delay the rise of SHDN by at least 4 time constants (4 x RIN x CIN) relative to the start of the preamplifier to avoid clicks/pops caused by the input filter. Shutdown The MAX9729 features a 5µA, low-power shutdown mode that reduces quiescent current consumption and extends battery life. Shutdown is controlled by the SHDN logic input or software interface. Driving the SHDN input low disables the drive amplifiers, bias circuitry, charge pump, and sets the headphone amplifier output resistance to 20kΩ. Similarly, the MAX9729 enters shutdown when bit seven (B7) in the command register, 0x00, is set to 0 (see the Command Registers section). SHDN and B7 must be high to enable the MAX9729. The I2C/SMBus interface is active and the ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux contents of the command register are not affected when in shutdown. This allows the master device to write to the MAX9729 while in shutdown. When a shutdown is activated, either hardware (SHDN pin) or software (I2C register), the volume is smoothly reduced, according to a constant slope ramp. Similarly, when a shutdown is deactivated, either hardware or software, the volume is smoothly increased, according to a constant slope ramp, until the volume programmed in the register file is reached. BassMax (Bass Boost) Typical headphones do not have a flat-frequency response. The small physical size of the diaphragm does not allow the headphone speaker to efficiently reproduce low frequencies. This physical limitation results in attenuated bass response. The MAX9729 includes a bass boost feature that compensates for the headphone’s poor bass response by increasing the amplifier gain at low frequencies. The DirectDrive output of the MAX9729 has more headroom than typical single-supply headphone amplifiers. This additional headroom allows boosting the bass frequencies without the output signal clipping. Program the BassMax gain and cutoff frequency with external components connected between OUT_ and BM_ (see the BassMax Gain-Setting Components section and the Functional Diagram/Typical Operating Circuit). Use the I2C-compatible interface to program the command register to enable/disable the BassMax circuit. BM_ is connected to the noninverting input of the output amplifier when BassMax is enabled. BM_ is pulled to SGND when BassMax is disabled. The typical application of the BassMax circuit involves feeding a lowpass-filtered version of the output signal back to the R FROM VOLUME ATTENUATOR STAGE R OUT_ TO HEADPHONE SPEAKER R1 BM_ MAX9729 BassMax ENABLE R2 C6 amplifier. This is realized using positive feedback from OUT_ to BM_. Figure 2 shows the connections needed to implement BassMax. Maximum Gain Control The MAX9729 features eight different programmable maximum gain settings ranging from +3.5dB to +26dB (see Table 8). Bits [2:0] in command register 0x01 control the maximum gain setting (AV_MAX). Volume Control The MAX9729 includes a 32-level volume control that adjusts the total voltage gain of the headphone amplifier according to the values of bits [4:0] in the 0x00 command register. With BassMax disabled, the total voltage gain of the MAX9729 is equal to: A V _ TOTAL = A V _ MAX − ATTEN (dB) where AV_TOTAL is the total voltage gain in dB, AV_MAX is the maximum gain setting in dB, and ATTEN is the volume attenuation in dB. Tables 5a, 5b, 5c show all the possible volume attenuation settings and the resulting AV_TOTAL with BassMax disabled. Figure 8 shows the volume control transfer function. Mute attenuation is typically better than 100dB when driving a 32Ω load. To perform smooth-sounding volume changes, step through all intermediate volume settings at a rate of approximately 2ms per step when a volume change occurs. Automatic Volume Ramping During Mode Transitions and Input Source Selection The MAX9729 implements an automatic volume rampup/ramp-down function when exiting/entering shutdown and when selecting different input signal paths with the internal 3:1 multiplexer. The automatic volume rampup/ramp-down function steps through each intermediate volume setting at a rate of 1.5ms per step allowing for smooth sounding volume transitions. When exiting/entering shutdown, the volume ramp-up/rampdown function is implemented regardless of whether the shutdown command is initiated by an I2C command or the SHDN input. When exiting shutdown, the volume is ramped up to the value stored in register 0x00 (see Table 2). When selecting a new input signal path with the multiplexer, the MAX9729 first ramps down the volume, selects the new input source, and then ramps the volume back up to the value stored in register 0x00. This prevents any audible clicks and pops due to abrupt changes in signal amplitude when selecting a different input signal source. Figure 2. BassMax External Connections 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux Input Multiplexer/Mixer The MAX9729 includes a stereo 3:1 multiplexer/mixer, allowing selection and mixing of three different stereo input sources. Bits [6:5] in register 0x00 control the selection/mixing of the input signal sources (see Tables 2 and 4). When all three stereo inputs are selected (Bits [6:5] = 11), the stereo signals are summed (mixed) together and connected to the signal path. The MAX9729 implements the automatic volume ramping function when an input source change occurs to ensure smooth sounding transitions. Clipping may occur if three high level signals are summed. Reprogram the preamplifier maximum gain setting to compensate. Serial Interface The MAX9729 features an I2C/SMBus-compatible 2-wire serial interface consisting of a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). SDA and SCL facilitate bidirectional communication between the MAX9729 and the master at clock rates up to 400kHz. Figure 3 shows the 2-wire interface timing diagram. The MAX9729 is a transmit/receive slave-only device, relying upon a master device to generate the clock signal. The master device, typically a microcontroller, initiates data transfer on the bus and generates SCL to permit that transfer. A master device communicates to the MAX9729 by transmitting the slave address with the Read/Write (R/W) bit followed by the data word. Each transmit sequence is framed by a START (S) or REPEATED START (Sr) condition and a STOP (P) condition. Each word transmitted over the bus is 8 bits long and is always followed by an acknowledge or not acknowledge clock pulse. The MAX9729 SDA line operates as both an input and an open-drain output. A pullup resistor, greater than 500Ω, is required on the SDA bus. The MAX9729 SCL line operates as an input only. A pullup resistor, greater than 500Ω, is required on SCL unless the MAX9729 is operating in a single-master system where the master device has a push-pull SCL output. Series resistors in line with SDA and SCL are optional. Series resistors protect the digital inputs of the MAX9729 from highvoltage spikes on the bus lines, and minimize crosstalk and undershoot of the bus signals. Bit Transfer One data bit is transferred during each SCL cycle. The data on SDA must remain stable during the high period of the SCL pulse since changes in SDA while SCL is high are control signals (see the START and STOP Conditions section). SDA and SCL idle high when the I2C bus is not busy. SDA tBUF tSU, STA tSU, DAT tHD, STA tHD, DAT tLOW tSP tSU, STO SCL tHIGH tHD, STA tR tF START CONDITION REPEATED START CONDITION STOP CONDITION START CONDITION Figure 3. 2-Wire Serial-Interface Timing Diagram ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX9729 BEEP Input The MAX9729 features a BEEP input with eight different attenuation settings (see Table 6). The BEEP input is useful for applications requiring the routing of a system alert signal to the stereo audio path. The attenuation value of the BEEP input is set by bits [7:5] in the 0x01 command register (see Tables 2 and 6). The attenuation settings of the BEEP input are independent of the volume settings stored in register 0x00 (see Table 2). The BEEP input is enabled when BEEP_EN is connected to V DD and disabled when driven low. When BEEP_EN is high, the selected INL_ and INR_ inputs are disconnected from the signal path and the BEEP input signal is routed to both headphone outputs after being attenuated by the value set by bits [7:5] in register 0x01. When BEEP_EN is low, the BEEP input is disconnected from the signal path and the selected INL_ and INR_ inputs are reconnected. MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux S Sr P CLOCK PULSE FOR ACKNOWLEDGMENT START CONDITION SCL SCL 1 2 8 9 NOT ACKNOWLEDGE SDA SDA ACKNOWLEDGE Figure 4. START, STOP, and REPEATED START Conditions Figure 5. Acknowledge START and STOP Conditions SDA and SCL idle high when the bus is not in use. A master device initiates communication by issuing a START condition. A START condition is a high-to-low transition on SDA with SCL high. A STOP condition is a low-to-high transition on SDA while SCL is high (see Figure 4). A START condition from the master signals the beginning of a transmission to the MAX9729. The master terminates transmission, and frees the bus, by issuing a STOP condition. The bus remains active if a REPEATED START condition is generated instead of a STOP condition. the write condition, R/W = 1 selects the read condition). After receiving the proper address, the MAX9729 issues an ACK by pulling SDA low for one clock cycle. Early STOP Conditions The MAX9729 recognizes a STOP condition at any point during data transmission except if the STOP condition occurs in the same high clock pulse as a START condition. At least one clock pulse must separate any START and STOP conditions. Slave Address The slave address of the MAX9729 is pin programmable using the ADD input to one of two different values (see Table 1). The slave address is defined as the 7 most significant bits (MSBs) of the serial data transmission. The first byte of information sent to the MAX9729 after the START condition must contain the slave address and R/W bit. R/W bit indicates whether the master is writing to or reading from the MAX9729 (R/W = 0 selects Table 1. MAX9729 Slave Address with R/W Bit MAX9729 SLAVE ADDRESS ADD A6 (MSB) A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 GND 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 VDD 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 14 R/W Acknowledge The acknowledge bit (ACK) is the ninth bit attached to any byte transmitted over the serial interface (see Figure 5). ACK is always generated by the receiving device. The MAX9729 generates an ACK when receiving a slave address or data by pulling SDA low during the ninth clock period. The SDA line must remain stable and low during the high period of the ACK clock pulse. When transmitting data, the MAX9729 waits for the receiving device to generate an ACK. Monitoring ACK allows detection of unsuccessful data transfers. An unsuccessful data transfer occurs if a receiving device is busy or if a system fault has occurred. In the event of an unsuccessful data transfer, the bus master should reattempt communication at a later time. Write Data Format A write to the MAX9729 includes transmission of a START condition, the slave address with the R/W bit set to 0 (see Table 1), one or two command bytes to configure the command registers, and a STOP condition. Figure 6a illustrates the proper data transmission for writing to register 0x00 in a single frame. Figure 6b illustrates the proper data transmission for writing to both registers 0x00 and 0x01 in a single frame. As shown in Figures 6a and 6b, the MAX9729 communicates an ACK after each byte of information is received. The MAX9729 latches each command byte into the respective command registers after an ACK is communicated. The master device terminates the write data transmission by issuing a STOP condition. When writing to register 0x01, register 0x00 must be written to first in the same data frame as shown in Figure 6b. In other words, when updating register 0x01 both registers must be written to. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux MAX9729 COMMAND BYTE IS STORED AFTER ACK FROM MAX9729 FROM MASTER DEVICE S SLAVE ADDRESS B7 0 ACK B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 COMMAND BYTE FOR REGISTER 0x00 ACK FROM MASTER DEVICE FROM MAX9729 R/W START CONDITION P STOP CONDITION Figure 6a. Write Data Format for Writing to Register 0x00 Only COMMAND BYTE IS STORED AFTER ACK FROM MAX9729 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 B7 COMMAND BYTE IS STORED AFTER ACK B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 FROM MASTER DEVICE S 0 SLAVE ADDRESS R/W START CONDITION A COMMAND BYTE FOR REGISTER 0x00 FROM MASTER DEVICE FROM MAX9729 ACK COMMAND BYTE FOR REGISTER 0x01 FROM MASTER DEVICE FROM MAX9729 ACK P STOP CONDITION Figure 6b. Write Data Format for Writing to Registers 0x00 and 0x01 Read Data Format A read from the MAX9729 includes transmission of a START condition, the slave address with the R/W bit set to 1, one or two bytes of register data sent by the MAX9729, and a STOP condition. Once the MAX9729 acknowledges the receipt of the slave address and R/W bit, the data direction of the SDA line reverses and the MAX9729 writes the contents of the command register 0x00 and 0x01 to the bus in that order. Each byte sent by the MAX9729 should be acknowledged by the master device unless the byte is the last data byte of the transmission, in which case, the master device should communicate a not acknowledge (NACK). After the NACK is communicated, the master device terminates the read data transmission by issuing a STOP condition. Figure 7a illustrates the proper data transmission for reading the contents of register 0x00. Figure 7b illustrates the proper data transmission for reading the contents of both registers 0x00 and 0x01 in a single frame. Data sent by the MAX9729 is valid on the rising edge of SCL. When reading register 0x01, register 0x00 must be read first in the same data frame as shown in Figure 7b. In other words, when reading register 0x01 both registers must be read. Command Registers The MAX9729 utilizes two command registers to enable/disable shutdown, control the multiplexer/mixer, set the volume, set the BEEP input attenuation, enable/disable BassMax, and set the maximum gain. Table 2 describes the function of the bits contained in the command registers. Set B7 to 0 in register 0x00 to shut down the MAX9729. The MAX9729 exits shutdown when B7 is set to 1 provided SHDN is high. SHDN must be high and B7 must be set to 1 for the MAX9729 to operate normally (see Table 3). Bits [6:5] in register 0x00 control the input multiplexer/ mixer. Select the desired input path and enable mixing of all three stereo input sources with these bits (see Table 4). Adjust the MAX9729’s volume with bits [4:0] in register 0x00. The volume is adjustable to one of 32 steps ranging from full mute to the maximum gain set by bits [B2:B0] in register 0x01. Tables 5a, 5b, 5c list all the possible volume settings and resulting total voltage ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux COMMAND BYTE IS STORED AFTER ACK FROM MAX9729 FROM MASTER DEVICE S SLAVE ADDRESS B7 1 B6 ACK B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 NACK CONTENTS OF REGISTER 0x00 FROM MAX9729 FROM MASTER DEVICE R/W START CONDITION P STOP CONDITION Figure 7a. Read Data Format for Reading Register 0x00 Only FROM MAX9729 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 FROM MASTER DEVICE S 1 SLAVE ADDRESS A COMMAND BYTE FOR REGISTER 0x00 ACK FROM MAX9729 FROM MASTER DEVICE R/W START CONDITION COMMAND BYTE FOR REGISTER 0x01 FROM MAX9729 FROM MASTER DEVICE NACK P STOP CONDITION Figure 7b. Read Data Format for Reading Registers 0x00 and 0x01 Table 2. MAX9729 Command Registers REGISTER B7 B6 B5 0x00 SHUTDOWN (see Table 3) 0x01 BEEP INPUT ATTENUATION (see Table 6) B4 MUX/MIXER CONTROL (see Table 4) B3 B2 B1 B0 VOLUME CONTROL (see Table 5) 1 BassMax ENABLE (see Table 7) MAXIMUM GAIN CONTROL (see Table 8) X = Don’t Care. Table 3. Shutdown Control (Register 0x00), SHDN = VDD B7 MODE 0 MAX9729 disabled 1 MAX9729 enabled gains for the MAX9729. Figure 8 shows the volume control transfer function for the MAX9729. Use bits [B7:B5] in register 0x01 to set the BEEP input attenuation. The BEEP input attenuation is adjustable to one of eight different values ranging from -10dB to -56dB (see Table 6). 16 Set B3 in register 0x01 to 1 to enable BassMax (see Table 7). The output signal’s low-frequency response will be boosted according to the external components connected between OUT_ and BM_. See the BassMax Gain-Setting Components section for details on choosing the external components. Use bits [2:0] in register 0x01 to set the maximum gain of the MAX9729 to one of eight different values ranging from +3.5dB to +26dB (see Table 8). The maximum gain setting in conjunction with the volume setting determines the overall voltage gain of the MAX9729 (see Tables 5a, 5b, 5c). ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux MAX9729 Table 4. Multiplexer/Mixer Control (Register 0x00) B6 B5 OUTL OUTR 0 0 INL1 x AV_TOTAL INR1 x AV_TOTAL 0 1 INL2 x AV_TOTAL INR2 x AV_TOTAL 1 0 INL3 x AV_TOTAL INR3 x AV_TOTAL 1 1 (INL1 + INL2 + INL3) x AV_TOTAL (INR1 + INR2 + INR3) x AV_TOTAL Power-On Reset The MAX9729 features internal power-on reset (POR) circuitry that initializes the device upon power-up. The contents of the MAX9729’s command registers at power-on are shown in Table 9. Applications Information Power Dissipation and Heat Sinking Linear power amplifiers can dissipate a significant amount of power under normal operating conditions. The maximum power dissipation for each package is given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings section under Continuous Power Dissipation or can be calculated by the following equation: PD(MAX) = TJ(MAX) − TA θJA where TJ(MAX) is +150°C, TA is the ambient temperature, and θJA is the reciprocal of the derating factor in °C/W as specified in the Absolute Maximum Ratings section. For example, θJA for the thin QFN package is +35°C/W. If the power dissipation exceeds the rated package dissipation, reduce VDD, increase load impedance, decrease the ambient temperature, or add heatsinking. Large output, supply, and ground traces decrease θJA, allowing more heat to be transferred from the package to surrounding air. Output Dynamic Range Dynamic range is the difference between the noise floor of the system and the output level at 1% THD+N. It is essential that a system’s dynamic range be known before setting the maximum output gain. Output clipping will occur if the output signal is greater than the dynamic range of the system. The DirectDrive architecture of the MAX9729 has increased dynamic range (for a given VDD) compared to other single-supply amplifiers. Due to the absolute maximum ratings of the MAX9729 and to limit power dissipation, the MAX9729 includes internal circuitry that limits the output voltage to approximately ±2.5V. Use the THD+N vs. Output Power graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics to identify the system’s dynamic range. Find the output power that causes 1% THD+N for a given load. This point will indicate what output power causes the output to begin to clip. Use the following equation to determine the peak-to-peak output voltage that causes 1% THD+N for a given load: VOUT _(P−P) = 2 2(POUT _ 1% × RL ) where POUT_1% is the output power that causes 1% THD+N, RL is the load resistance, and VOUT_(P-P) is the peak-to-peak output voltage. Determine the total voltage gain (AV_TOTAL) necessary to attain this output voltage based on the maximum peak-to-peak input voltage (VIN_(P-P)): A V _ TOTAL = VOUT _(P−P) VIN _(P−P) The AV_TOTAL setting is determined by the maximum voltage gain setting, volume setting, and bass boost gain if BassMax is enabled (see the Maximum Gain Control, Volume Control, and BassMax Gain-Setting Components sections). UVLO The MAX9729 features an undervoltage lockout (UVLO) function that prevents the device from operating if the supply voltage is less than 1.65V. This feature ensures proper operation during brownout conditions and prevents deep battery discharge. Once the supply voltage exceeds the UVLO threshold, the MAX9729 charge pump is turned on, the amplifiers are powered (provided that SHDN is high), and the command registers are reset to their POR values (see Table 9). Component Selection Charge-Pump Capacitor Selection Use ceramic capacitors with a low ESR for optimum performance. For optimal performance over the extended temperature range, select capacitors with an X7R dielectric. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux Table 5a. Volume Control (Register 0x00) B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 ATTEN FROM MAX GAIN SETTING (dB) AV_TOTAL (dB) WITH AV_MAX = +3.5dB WITH AV_MAX = +6dB WITH AV_MAX = +8dB 0 0 0 0 0 -0 +3.5 +6 +8 0 0 0 0 1 -1.7 +1.8 +4.3 +6.3 0 0 0 1 0 -3.4 +0.1 +2.6 +4.6 0 0 0 1 1 -4.8 -1.3 +1.2 +3.2 0 0 1 0 0 -6.2 -2.7 -0.2 +1.8 0 0 1 0 1 -7.6 -4.1 -1.6 +0.4 0 0 1 1 0 -9 -5.5 -3 -1 0 0 1 1 1 -10.4 -6.9 -4.4 -2.4 0 1 0 0 0 -11.8 -8.3 -5.8 -3.8 0 1 0 0 1 -13.2 -9.7 -7.2 -5.2 0 1 0 1 0 -14.6 -11.1 -8.6 -6.6 0 1 0 1 1 -16 -12.5 -10 -8 0 1 1 0 0 -17.4 -13.9 -11.4 -9.4 0 1 1 0 1 -18.8 -15.3 -12.8 -10.8 0 1 1 1 0 -20.2 -16.7 -14.2 -12.2 0 1 1 1 1 -21.6 -18.1 -15.6 -13.6 1 0 0 0 0 -23.1 -19.6 -17.1 -15.1 1 0 0 0 1 -24.4 -20.9 -18.4 -16.4 1 0 0 1 0 -26 -22.5 -20 -18 1 0 0 1 1 -27.1 -23.6 -21.1 -19.1 1 0 1 0 0 -28.6 -25.1 -22.6 -20.6 1 0 1 0 1 -30.1 -26.6 -24.1 -22.1 1 0 1 1 0 -32.3 -28.8 -26.3 -24.3 1 0 1 1 1 -35.1 -31.6 -29.1 -27.1 1 1 0 0 0 -38.6 -35.1 -32.6 -30.6 1 1 0 0 1 -42.1 -38.6 -36.1 -34.1 1 1 0 1 0 -46.2 -42.7 -40.2 -38.2 1 1 0 1 1 -50.7 -47.2 -44.7 -42.7 1 1 1 0 0 -54.2 -50.7 -48.2 -46.2 1 1 1 0 1 -60.2 -56.7 -54.2 -52.2 1 1 1 1 0 -70 -66.5 -64 -62 1 1 1 1 1 MUTE MUTE MUTE MUTE 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 ATTEN FROM MAX GAIN SETTING (dB) AV_TOTAL (dB) WITH AV_MAX = +10dB WITH AV_MAX = +19.5dB WITH AV_MAX = +22dB 0 0 0 0 0 -0 +10 +19.5 +22 0 0 0 0 1 -1.7 +8.3 +17.8 +20.3 0 0 0 1 0 -3.4 +6.6 +16.1 +18.6 0 0 0 1 1 -4.8 +5.2 +14.7 +17.2 0 0 1 0 0 -6.2 +3.8 +13.3 +15.8 0 0 1 0 1 -7.6 +2.4 +11.9 +14.4 0 0 1 1 0 -9 +1 +10.5 +13 0 0 1 1 1 -10.4 -0.4 +9.1 +11.6 0 1 0 0 0 -11.8 -1.8 +7.7 +0.2 0 1 0 0 1 -13.2 -3.2 +6.3 +8.8 0 1 0 1 0 -14.6 -4.6 +4.9 +7.4 0 1 0 1 1 -16 -6 +3.5 +6 0 1 1 0 0 -17.4 -7.4 +2.1 +4.6 0 1 1 0 1 -18.8 -8.8 +0.7 +3.2 0 1 1 1 0 -20.2 -10.2 -0.7 +1.8 0 1 1 1 1 -21.6 -11.6 -2.1 +0.4 1 0 0 0 0 -23.1 -13.1 -3.6 -1.1 1 0 0 0 1 -24.4 -14.4 -4.9 -2.4 1 0 0 1 0 -26 -16 -6.5 -4 1 0 0 1 1 -27.1 -17.1 -7.6 -5.1 1 0 1 0 0 -28.6 -18.6 -9.1 -6.6 1 0 1 0 1 -30.1 -20.1 -10.6 -8.1 1 0 1 1 0 -32.3 -22.3 -12.8 -10.3 1 0 1 1 1 -35.1 -25.1 -15.6 -13.1 1 1 0 0 0 -38.6 -28.6 -19.1 -16.6 1 1 0 0 1 -42.1 -32.1 -22.6 -20.1 1 1 0 1 0 -46.2 -36.2 -26.7 -24.2 1 1 0 1 1 -50.7 -40.7 -31.2 -28.7 1 1 1 0 0 -54.2 -44.2 -34.7 -32.2 1 1 1 0 1 -60.2 -50.2 -40.7 -38.2 1 1 1 1 0 -70 -60 -50.5 -48 1 1 1 1 1 MUTE MUTE MUTE MUTE ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 MAX9729 Table 5b. Volume Control (Register 0x00) MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux Table 5c. Volume Control (Register 0x00) B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 ATTEN FROM MAX GAIN SETTING (dB AV_TOTAL (dB) WITH AV_MAX = +24dB WITH AV_MAX = +26dB 0 0 0 0 0 -0 +24 +26 0 0 0 0 1 -1.7 +22.3 +24.3 0 0 0 1 0 -3.4 +20.6 +22.6 0 0 0 1 1 -4.8 +19.2 +21.2 0 0 1 0 0 -6.2 +17.8 +19.8 0 0 1 0 1 -7.6 +16.4 +18.4 0 0 1 1 0 -9 +15 +17 0 0 1 1 1 -10.4 +13.6 +15.6 0 1 0 0 0 -11.8 +12.2 +14.2 0 1 0 0 1 -13.2 +10.8 +12.8 0 1 0 1 0 -14.6 +9.4 +11.4 0 1 0 1 1 -16 +8 +10 0 1 1 0 0 -17.4 +6.6 +8.6 0 1 1 0 1 -18.8 +5.2 +7.2 0 1 1 1 0 -20.2 +3.8 +5.8 0 1 1 1 1 -21.6 +2.4 +4.4 1 0 0 0 0 -23.1 +0.9 +2.9 1 0 0 0 1 -24.4 -0.4 +1.6 1 0 0 1 0 -26 -2 +0 1 0 0 1 1 -27.1 -3.1 -1.1 1 0 1 0 0 -28.6 -4.6 -2.6 1 0 1 0 1 -30.1 -6.1 -4.1 1 0 1 1 0 -32.3 -8.3 -6.3 1 0 1 1 1 -35.1 -11.1 -9.1 1 1 0 0 0 -38.6 -14.6 -12.6 1 1 0 0 1 -42.1 -18.1 -16.1 1 1 0 1 0 -46.2 -22.2 -20.2 1 1 0 1 1 -50.7 -26.7 -24.7 1 1 1 0 0 -54.2 -30.2 -28.2 1 1 1 0 1 -60.2 -36.2 -34.2 1 1 1 1 0 -70 -46 -44 1 1 1 1 1 MUTE MUTE MUTE 20 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux B3 MODE 0 BassMax Disabled 1 BassMax Enabled 0 10 ATTENUATION (dB) 20 30 Table 8. Maximum Gain Control (Register 0x01) 40 50 60 70 B2 B1 B0 MAXIMUM GAIN (dB) 80 0 0 0 3.5 90 0 0 1 6 100 0 1 0 8 0 1 1 10 1 0 0 19.5 1 0 1 22 1 1 0 24 1 1 1 26 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 CODE (DECIMAL) Figure 8. MAX9729 Volume Control Transfer Function Table 6. Beep Level (Register 0x01) B7 B6 B5 BEEP LEVEL (dBV) 0 0 0 -10 0 0 1 -20 0 1 0 -30 0 1 1 -40 1 0 0 -50 1 0 1 -52 1 1 0 -54 1 1 1 -56 graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Place C1 physically close to C1P and C1N. Use a 1µF capacitor for C1 in most applications. BEEP level referenced to a 3V BEEP input. Charge-Pump Flying Capacitor (C1) The charge-pump flying capacitor connected between C1N and C1P affects the charge pump’s load regulation and output impedance. Choosing too small a flying capacitor degrades the MAX9729’s ability to provide sufficient current drive and leads to a loss of output voltage. Increasing the value of the flying capacitor improves load regulation and reduces the chargepump output impedance. See the Output Power vs. Charge-Pump Capacitance and Load Resistance Charge-Pump Hold Capacitor (C2) The hold capacitor’s value and ESR directly affect the ripple at PVSS. Ripple is reduced by increasing the value of the hold capacitor. Choosing a capacitor with lower ESR reduces ripple and output impedance. Lower capacitance values can be used in systems with low maximum output power levels. See the Output Power vs. Charge-Pump Capacitance and Load Resistance graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. C2 should be equal to the value of C1. Place C2 physically close to PVSS and SVSS. Connect PVSS and SVSS together at C2. Use a 1µF capacitor for C2 in most applications. PVDD Bypass Capacitor (C3) The PVDD bypass capacitor lowers the output impedance of the power supply and reduces the impact of the MAX9729’s charge-pump switching transients. C3 should be greater than or equal to C1. Place C3 physically close to PVDD. Table 9. Initial Power-Up Command Register Status REGISTER B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 POR SETTINGS 0x00 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 Shutdown mode disabled (assuming VSHDN = VDD), INL1 and INR1 inputs selected, ATTEN = 16dB (AV_TOTAL = -10dB) 0x01 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 Beep input attenuation = 56dB, BassMax enabled, AV_MAX = 6dB ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21 MAX9729 Table 7. BassMax Control (Register 0x01) MAX9729 VOLUME CONTROL TRANSFER FUNCTION MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux Input-Coupling Capacitor The AC-coupling capacitor (CIN) and input resistor (RIN) form a highpass filter that removes any DC bias from an input signal. See the Functional Diagram/Typical Operating Circuit. CIN prevents any DC components from the input signal source from appearing at the amplifier outputs. The -3dB point of the highpass filter, assuming zero source impedance due to the input signal source, is given by: f−3dB = 1 2π × RIN × CIN (Hz) Choose CIN such that f-3dB is well below the lowest frequency of interest. Setting f-3dB too high affects the amplifier’s low-frequency response. Use capacitors with low-voltage coefficient dielectrics. Aluminum electrolytic, tantalum, or film dielectric capacitors are good choices for AC-coupling capacitors. Capacitors with high-voltage coefficients, such as ceramics (non-C0G dielectrics), can result in increased distortion at low zero frequencies. If a ceramic capacitor is selected due to board space or cost constraints, use the largest package possible to minimize voltage coefficient effects. In addition, use X7R dielectrics as opposed to X5R, Y5V, or Z5U. BassMax Gain-Setting Components The bass boost, low-frequency response when BassMax is enabled, is set by the ratio of R1 to R2 (see Figure 2), by the following equation: A V _ BOOST = 20 × log R1 + R2 (dB) R1 − R2 where AV_BOOST is the gain boost, in dB, at low frequencies. AV_BOOST is added to the gain realized by the maximum gain setting and the volume setting. The total gain at low frequencies is equal to: A V _ TOTAL _ BM = A V _ MAX − ATTEN + A V _ BOOST (dB) where AV_TOTAL_BM is the total voltage gain at low frequencies in dB, AV_MAX is the maximum gain setting in dB, and ATTEN is the volume attenuation in dB. To maintain circuit stability, the ratio: R2 R1 + R2 must not exceed 1/2. A ratio equaling 1/3 is recommended. The switch that shorts BM_ to SGND, when BassMax is disabled, can have an on-resistance as high as 300Ω. 22 Table 10. BassMax Gain Examples, R1 = 47kΩ R2 (kΩ) AV_BOOST (dB) 39 20.6 33 15.1 27 11.3 22 8.8 15 5.7 10 3.7 Choose a value for R1 that is greater than 40kΩ to ensure that positive feedback is negligible when BassMax is disabled. Table 10 contains a list of R2 values, with R1 = 47kΩ, and the corresponding low-frequency gain boost values. The low-frequency boost attained by the BassMax circuit is added to the gain realized by the maximum gain setting and volume setting. Select the BassMax gain so that the output signal will remain within the dynamic range of the MAX9729. Output signal clipping will occur at low frequencies if the BassMax gain boost is excessively large. See the Output Dynamic Range section. Capacitor C4 forms a pole and a zero according to the following equations: R1 − R2 (Hz) 2π × C6 × R1 × R2 R1 + R2 fZERO = (Hz) 2π × C6 × R1 × R2 fPOLE = fPOLE is the frequency at which the gain boost begins to roll off. fZERO is the frequency at which the bass boost gain no longer affects the transfer function. At frequencies greater than or equal to fZERO, the gain set by the maximum gain setting and the volume control attenuation dominate. Table 11 contains a list of capacitor values and the corresponding poles and zeros for a given DC gain. See Figure 9 for an example of a gain profile using BassMax. Layout and Grounding Proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum performance. Connect PGND and SGND together at a single point (star ground point) on the PCB near the MAX9729. Connect PV SS and SV SS together at C2. Place C2 physically close to PVSS and SVSS and connect it to PGND. Bypass PV DD to PGND with C3. Connect C3 as close to PVDD as possible. Bypass VDD to SGND with a 1µF capacitor. Place the VDD bypass ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux MAX9729 Table 11. BassMax Pole and Zero Examples for a Gain Boost of 8.8dB (R1 = 47kΩ, R2 = 22kΩ) GAIN PROFILE WITH AND WITHOUT BassMax 10 fPOLE 8 C6 (nF) fPOLE (Hz) fZERO (Hz) 100 38 106 82 47 130 68 56 156 56 68 190 -2 47 81 230 -4 22 174 490 -6 10 384 1060 6 AV (dB) fZERO WITH BassMax 4 2 0 MAX9729 CMD REGISTER CODE = 0xFF R1 = 47kΩ R2 = 22kΩ C3 = 0.1μF WITHOUT BassMax -8 -10 1 capacitor as close to VDD as possible. Route PGND and all traces that carry switching transients away from SGND and the audio signal path. Route digital signal traces away from the audio signal path. Make traces perpendicular to each other when routing digital signals over or under audio signals. The thin QFN package features an exposed paddle that improves thermal efficiency. Ensure that the exposed paddle is electrically isolated from PGND, SGND, and V DD. Connect the exposed paddle to SV SS when the board layout dictates that the exposed paddle cannot be left unconnected. 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 9. BassMax Gain Profile Example ______________________________________________________________________________________ 23 24 RIGHT AUDIO INPUT 3 RIGHT AUDIO INPUT 2 RIGHT AUDIO INPUT 1 LEFT AUDIO INPUT 3 LEFT AUDIO INPUT 2 LEFT AUDIO INPUT 1 CIN 1μF CIN 1μF CIN 1μF CIN 1μF CIN 1μF CIN 1μF 25kΩ 25kΩ 25kΩ 25kΩ 25kΩ 23 MAX9729 VDD SVSS VDD SVSS VDD 24 BEEP INPUT CIN 1μF 25kΩ BEEP SGND PGND SHDN 21 10kΩ 0 TO 100dB ATTENUATOR SVSS VDD 20 BEEP_EN I2C INTERFACE/CONTROL LOGIC 12 SCL 7 SDA 5 ADD 10kΩ VDD BASS-BOOST CIRCUIT CONFIGURED FOR AV_BOOST = +8.8dB, fPOLE = 38Hz, fZERO = 106Hz. () USCP PACKAGE 2 INR3 1 INR2 28 INR1 27 INL3 26 INL2 25 INL1 25kΩ 1μF 1.8V TO 3.6V TO I2C MASTER BEEP ENABLE SVSS R VDD SVSS VDD R R R R BEEP ENABLE 3 SGND R SVSS VDD SVSS 10 6 C2 1μF PVSS CHARGE PUMP PGND BassMax ENABLE VDD R 14 SVSS C1N C1P PVDD OUTR BMR BML OUTL 9 11 13 17 16 19 18 C1 1μF C3 1μF C6 0.1μF C6 0.1μF VDD R1 47kΩ R2 22kΩ R2 22kΩ R1 47kΩ MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux Functional Diagram/Typical Operating Circuit ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux 10kΩ 10kΩ 1.8V TO 3.6V 1μF VDD SDA SCL SHDN BEEP_EN CONTROLLER C3 1μF PVDD CIN 1μF BEEP CIN 1μF OUTL ADD R1 47kΩ INL1 AUDIO CODEC BML CIN 1μF INR1 CIN 1μF R2 22kΩ C4 0.1μF R2 22kΩ MAX9729 INL2 BASEBAND IC C4 0.1μF BMR CIN 1μF R1 47kΩ INR2 CIN 1μF OUTR INL3 FM RADIO IC CIN 1μF INR3 C1P C1N SGND PGND PVSS SVSS C2 1μF C1 1μF ______________________________________________________________________________________ 25 MAX9729 System Diagram Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux SHDN BEEP_EN BML OUTL OUTR BMR N.C. TOP VIEW 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 N.C. 22 14 SVSS VDD 23 13 PVDD BEEP 24 12 SCL INL1 25 11 C1P INL2 26 10 PGND INL3 27 4 5 6 7 PVSS SDA 3 ADD 2 N.C. 1 SGND 28 + INR3 INR1 MAX9729 INR2 MAX9729 Pin Configuration 9 C1N 8 N.C. TQFN Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS 26 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux QFN THIN.EPS PACKAGE OUTLINE, 16, 20, 28, 32, 40L THIN QFN, 5x5x0.8mm 21-0140 K 1 2 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 27 MAX9729 Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.) MAX9729 Stereo Headphone Amplifier with BassMax, Volume Control, and Input Mux Package Information (continued) (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.) PACKAGE OUTLINE, 16, 20, 28, 32, 40L THIN QFN, 5x5x0.8mm 21-0140 K 2 2 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 28 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2007 Maxim Integrated Products SPRINGER is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products. Inc.