dm00050256

AN4069
Application note
5 V and 12 V power line protection based on STEF05 and STEF12
electronic fuses
Introduction
This demonstration board is based on the STEF05 and STEF12 electronic fuses (E-fuses).
It is designed to help developers to evaluate the benefit of the complete protection offered by
the E-fuse family and to customize their own application. The E-fuse family of hot-swap
converters is designed to replace the mechanical fuses on low voltage power lines.
The STEF05 and STEF12 are integrated electronic fuses optimized for monitoring the
output current and input voltage. Connected in series to the 5 V/12 V rails, they are capable
of protecting the electronic circuitry on their output from overcurrent and overvoltage.
The turn-on time is programmable by means of an external capacitor, allowing the control of
the inrush current at startup and during hot-swaps.
When an overload condition occurs, the E-fuse limits the output current to a predefined safe
value. If the anomalous overload condition persists, it goes into an open state, disconnecting
the load from the power supply. If a continuous short-circuit is present on the board, when
power is re-applied the E-fuse initially limits the output current to a safe value, and then
again goes into an open state. Both devices are equipped with a thermal protection circuit.
The intervention of thermal protection is signaled to the board monitoring circuits through a
signal on the ENABLE/FAULT pin that can be connected to other parts belonging to the
same family to cause a simultaneous shutdown during failure events.
Unlike mechanical fuses, which must be physically replaced after a single event, E-fuses do
not degrade in their performance after short-circuit/thermal protection interventions and can
be reset either by re-cycling the supply voltage or by using the ENABLE pin.
Figure 1.
March 2012
Board image
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Contents
AN4069
Contents
1
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2
Board characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3
Board testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4
ENABLE/FAULT pin, thermal latch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5
Output dV/dt circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6
Current limit circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7
Overvoltage clamping circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8
Demonstration board schematic and BOM list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1
Bill of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9
Device order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
10
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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AN4069
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Board image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Demonstration board layout - top layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Demonstration board layout - bottom layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Demonstration board connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ENABLE/FAULT pin status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
STEF05 delay time and VOUT ramp-up time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
STEF12 delay time and VOUT ramp-up time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
STEF05: current limit vs. R-limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
STEF12: current limit vs. R-limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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Features
1
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AN4069
Features
●
Input voltages: 5 V and 12 V
●
Continuous current: 3.6 A typ. each
●
Adjustable slew rate for output voltage
●
Overvoltage clamp
●
Undervoltage lockout
●
Programmable short-circuit current limit
●
Overload current limit
●
Controlled output voltage ramp
●
Thermal latch protection
●
Fault condition flag
●
ENABLE pin.
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2
Board characteristics
Board characteristics
The demonstration board is provided with a STEF05PUR for the 5 V rail, a STEF12PUR for
the 12 V rail, and a MOSFET switch connected to the ENABLE/FAULT pins to reset the Efuses in case of thermal fault.
The board provides for separate or linked ENABLE pins, in order to allow either the
observation of each single E-fuse or the complete 5 V/12 V protection application.
The short-circuit current limit is programmed to the standard values (2.9 A for the STEF05,
4.4 A for the STEF12), by means of a 22 Ω resistor placed on each channel. This resistor
can be replaced by the user in order to set the desired current level.
The dV/dt control capacitor, used to set up the turn-on time and slew rate, is optional.
Figure 2.
Demonstration board layout - top layer
Figure 3.
Demonstration board layout - bottom layer
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Board testing
3
AN4069
Board testing
Once 5 V and 12 V are supplied to the Cn1 and Cn2 inputs, the board buffers the circuitry on
its output (Cn3, Cn5) with the same voltage shown at its input, with a small voltage fall due
to the internal N-channel MOSFET RDS(on).
Figure 4.
Demonstration board connections
5 V and 12 inputs
5 V output
12 V output
STEF12 enable/fault pin
Gate of the optional
Reset MOSFET
STF05 enable/fault pin
AM11047v1
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ENABLE/FAULT pin, thermal latch
The board provides for separate or linked ENABLE pins, in order to allow either the
observation of each single E-fuse or the complete 5 V/12 V protection application. The Q1
MOSFET mounted on the board is connected to the 5 V device ENABLE pin only. This open
drain circuit can be used to remotely control the device reset, by biasing the GATE pin with a
positive voltage (5-10 V).
If this feature is not used, the MOSFET gate should be kept at GND (jumper on Cn4 pins 45). In this way the MOSFET does not influence the ENABLE/FAULT pin. To obtain a
simultaneous shutdown and reset of both the devices, in the case of a thermal fault event on
one of them, pins 2-3 of CN4 can be shorted together.
The devices can be reset from a thermal latch status also by re-cycling the power supply.
The following diagram shows the ENABLE/FAULT pin signal levels in all the operating
modes.
Figure 5.
ENABLE/FAULT pin status
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A thermal fault event can occur in the case of overload, short-circuit on the output or, under
certain dissipation conditions, in the case of overvoltage on the input, causing a voltage
clamp. In such cases the device output is disconnected, the ENABLE/FAULT pin is driven
into an intermediate voltage level (~1.4 V) and the system is latched in this status. A reset
can be achieved by pulling the ENABLE/FAULT pin down to the off/reset region (VEN <0.8
V), and then releasing it again.
The same effect can be obtained by re-cycling the power supply to the board.
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Output dV/dt circuit
5
AN4069
Output dV/dt circuit
The demo board comes with no CdV/dt mounted. In this condition, after an initial delay time
of typically 500 µs for the STEF05 and 350 µs for the STEF12, the output voltage is supplied
with a slope defined by the internal dv/dt circuitry.
The total time from the enable signal going high and the output voltage reaching the nominal
value is typically 1 ms. The output voltage slew rate can be customized by mounting the
dV/dt capacitors (C1, C2). The suggested values range is 10 pF to 1 nF.
Given the desired time interval Δt during which the output voltage goes from zero to its
maximum value, the capacitance to be added on the Cdv/dt pin can be calculated using the
following theoretical formulas:
●
STEF05 dV/dt setting
Cdvdt = 50 × 10-9Δt - 30 × 10-12
●
STEF12 dV/dt setting
Cdvdt = 24 × 10-9Δt - 30 × 10-12
Figure 6.
STEF05 delay time and VOUT ramp-up time
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AN4069
Output dV/dt circuit
Figure 7.
STEF12 delay time and VOUT ramp-up time
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Current limit circuit
6
AN4069
Current limit circuit
The short-circuit current limit on the board is pre-programmed to the standard values (2.9 A
for the STEF05, 4.4 A for the STEF12), by means of a 22 Ω resistor placed on each
channel. The current limit values can be customized by changing the R1, R2 resistors
according to the desired peak current setting, as shown in the following charts.
Figure 8.
STEF05: current limit vs. R-limit
VCC =5V, T=25°C
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5.00
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20
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40
50
60
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Figure 9.
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STEF12: current limit vs. R-limit
VCC =12V, T=25°C
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Limit & S h
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10/16
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70
80
AM11052v1
AN4069
7
Overvoltage clamping circuit
Overvoltage clamping circuit
This internal protection circuit clamps the output voltage to a maximum safe value, typically
6.65 V on the STEF05 and 15 V on the STEF12, if the input voltage exceeds these
thresholds.
The output voltage remains at those levels until the overvoltage condition is removed or a
thermal fault occurs.
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8.1
Table 1.
12/16
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Demonstration board schematic and BOM list
AN4069
Demonstration board schematic and BOM list
Figure 10. Schematic
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Bill of material
BOM
Reference
Part/value
Manufacturer
Manufacturer code
IC1
STEF05
STMicroelectronics
STEF05PUR
IC2
STEF12
STMicroelectronics
STEF12PUR
AN4069
Demonstration board schematic and BOM list
Table 1.
Note:
BOM (continued)
Reference
Part/value
C3,C4
10 µF/25 V, ceramic X7R, 1210
C5,C6
47 µF/25 V, ceramic X7R, 1210
C1,C2
Not mounted, 0603
R1, R2
22 Ω, 0603
Q1
MOSFET, SOT23-5L
Cnx
Connectors, strip line 90°
Manufacturer
Manufacturer code
muRata
GRM32DR71E106KA12L
KEMET
C1210C106K3RAC7800
STMicroelectronics
2N7002
The Q1 transistor is connected only to the ENABLE pin of the STEF05 device. Simultaneous
control of both the devices can be achieved by putting a jumper on pins 2-3 of CN4.
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Device order codes
9
Device order codes
Table 2.
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AN4069
Device order codes
Order codes
Package
Packaging
STEF05PUR
DFN10 (3 x 3 mm) tape and reel
DFN10 (3 x 3 mm) tape and reel
STEF12PUR
DFN10 (3 x 3 mm) tape and reel
DFN10 (3 x 3 mm) tape and reel
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10
Revision history
Revision history
Table 3.
Document revision history
Date
Revision
12-Mar-2012
1
Changes
Initial release.
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AN4069
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