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SAM9X25 Microcontroller Schematic
Check List
1. Introduction
This application note is a schematic review check list for systems embedding the
Atmel® AT91SAM ARM®-based SAM9X25 Embedded MPU.
It gives requirements concerning the different pin connections that must be considered before starting any new board design and describes the minimum hardware
resources required to quickly develop an application with the SAM9X25. It does not
consider PCB layout constraints.
AT91SAM
ARM-based
Embedded MPU
It also gives advice regarding low-power design constraints to minimize power
consumption.
This application note is not intended to be exhaustive. Its objective is to cover as
many configurations of use as possible.
The Check List table has a column reserved for reviewing designers to verify the line
item has been checked.
Application
Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
2. Associated Documentation
Before going further into this application note, it is strongly recommended to check the latest
documents for the SAM9X25 Microcontroller on Atmel’s Web site.
Table 2-1 gives the associated documentation needed to support full understanding of this application note.
Table 2-1.
Associated Documentation
Information
2
Document Title
User Manual
Electrical/Mechanical Characteristics
Ordering Information
Errata
AT91SAM ARM-based Embedded MPU - SAM9X25 Datasheet
Internal architecture of processor
ARM/Thumb instruction sets
Embedded in-circuit-emulator
ARM9EJ-S™ Technical Reference Manual
ARM926EJ-S™ Technical Reference Manual
Evaluation Kit User Guide
SAM9X25-EK User Guide
Application Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
Application Note
3. Schematic Check List
CAUTION: The AT91SAM9 board design must comply with the power-up and power-down
sequence guidelines provided in the datasheet to guarantee reliable operation of the
device.
1.0V, 1.8V and 3.3V Power Supplies Schematic Example(1)
10µH
VDDOSC
1R
100nF
4.7µF
DC/DC Converter
GNDOSC
VDDANA
100nF
3.3V
GNDANA
VDDBU
100nF
GNDBU
VDDIOP0,1
100nF
GNDIOP
VDDUTMII
100nF
GNDUTMI
DC/DC Converter
VDDIOM
100nF
1.8V
GNDIOM
VDDNF
100nF
GNDIOM
DC/DC Converter
VDDCORE
100nF
1V
GNDCORE
Linear Regulator
10µH
VDDPLLA
1V
1R
100nF
4.7µF
GNDOSC
VDDUTMIC
2.2µF
100nF
GNDUTMI
(1)
These values are given only as a typical example
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11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
;
Signal Name
Recommended Pin Connection
Description
Powers the device.
VDDCORE
0.9V to 1.1V
Decoupling capacitor (100 nF)(1)(2)
Decoupling/Filtering capacitors must be added to improve
startup stability and reduce source voltage drop.
Supply ripple must not exceed 20 mVrms.
Powers the PLLA cell.
VDDPLLA
0.9V to 1.1V
Decoupling/filtering RLC circuit(1)
The VDDPLLA power supply pin draws small current, but it
is noise sensitive. Care must be taken in VDDPLLA power
supply routing, decoupling and also on bypass capacitors.
Supply ripple must not exceed 10 mVrms.
VDDNF
VDDBU
1.65V to 1.95V
or
3.0V to 3.6V
Decoupling capacitor (100 nF)(1)(2)
1.8V to 3.6V
Decoupling capacitor (100 nF)(1)(2)
The VDDNF power supply the NAND Flash I/Os
Powers the Backup unit.
(Slow Clock Oscillator, On-chip RC and a part of the
System Controller).
Supply ripple must not exceed 30 mVrms.
Powers the main oscillator cells.
1.65V to 3.6V
VDDOSC
Decoupling/Filtering RLC circuit(1)
The VDDOSC power supply pin draws small current, but it
is noise sensitive. Care must be taken in VDDOSC power
supply routing, decoupling and also on bypass capacitors.
Supply ripple must not exceed 30 mVrms.
Powers the External Memory Interface I/O lines.
VDDIOM
1.65V to 1.95V
or
3.0V to 3.6V
Decoupling capacitor (100 nF)(1)(2)
Dual voltage range supported.
The I/O drives are selected by programming the
EBI_DRIVE field in the CCFG_EBICSA register.
At power-up, the high drive mode for 3.3V memories is
selected.
Decoupling/Filtering capacitors must be added to improve
startup stability and reduce source voltage drop.
Powers the USB device and host UTMI+ interface.
4
VDDUTMII
3V to 3.6V
Decoupling capacitor (100 nF)(1)(2)
VDDUTMIC
0.9V to 1.1V
Decoupling/Filtering capacitors
(100 nF and 2.2µF)(1)(2)
Decoupling/Filtering capacitors must be added to improve
startup stability and reduce source voltage drop.
Powers the USB device and host UTMI+ core.
Decoupling/Filtering capacitors must be added to improve
startup stability and reduce source voltage drop.
Application Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
Application Note
;
Signal Name
Recommended Pin Connection
Description
VDDIOP0
VDDIOP1
1.65V to 3.6V
Decoupling/Filtering capacitors
(100 nF)(1)(2)
VDDANA
3.0V to 3.6V
Decoupling/Filtering RLC circuit(1)
Application dependent
Powers the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and some
PIOD I/O lines.
GNDCORE
Core Chip Ground
GNDCORE pins are common to VDDCORE pins.
GNDCORE pins should be connected as shortly as
possible to the system ground plane.
GNDBU
Backup Ground
GNDBU pin is provided for VDDBU pins.
GNDBU pin should be connected as shortly as possible to
the system ground plane.
GNDIOM
DDR2 and EBI I/O Lines Ground
GNDIOM pins are common to VDDIOM and VDDNF pins.
GNDIOM pins should be connected as shortly as possible
to the system ground plane.
GNDIOP
Peripherals and ISI I/O lines Ground
GNDIOP pins are common to VDDIOP0, VDDIOP1 pins.
GNDIOP pins should be connected as shortly as possible
to the system ground plane.
GNDOSC
PLLA, PLLUTMI and Oscillator Ground
GNDOSC pin is provided for VDDOSC, VDDPLLA pins.
GNDOSC pin should be connected as shortly as possible
to the system ground plane.
GNDUTMI
UDPHS and UHPHS UTMI+ Core and
interface Ground
GNDUTMI pins are common to VDDUTMII and
VDDUTMIC pins.
GNDUTMI pins should be connected as shortly as possible
to the system ground plane.
GNDANA
Analog Ground
GNDANA pins are common to VDDANA pins.
GNDANA pins should be connected as shortly as possible
to the system ground plane.
Powers the peripherals I/O lines.
Decoupling/Filtering capacitors must be added to improve
startup stability and reduce source voltage drop.
Note: For more information please refer to the Core Power Supply POR Characteristics section
of the SAM9X25 Datasheet.
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11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
;
Signal Name
Recommended Pin Connection
Description
Clock, Oscillator and PLL
Crystal load capacitance to check (CCRYSTAL).
SAM9X25
XOUT
XIN
GNDOSC
Crystals between 8 and 16 MHz
XIN
XOUT
12 MHz Main
Oscillator
in
Normal Mode
USB High Speed (not Full Speed)
Host and Device peripherals need a
12 MHz clock.
Capacitors on XIN and XOUT
(crystal load capacitance dependent)
CCRYSTAL
CLEXT
CLEXT
Example: for a 12 MHz crystal with a load capacitance of
CCRYSTAL= 15 pF, external capacitors are required:
CLEXT = 22 pF.
Refer to the electrical specifications of the SAM9X25
Datasheet
XIN
XOUT
6
XIN: external clock source
XOUT: can be left unconnected
12 MHz Main
Oscillator
in
Bypass Mode
USB High speed (not Full Speed)
Host and Device peripherals need a
12 MHz clock.
XIN
XOUT
XIN: can be left unconnected
XOUT: can be left unconnected
12 MHz Main
Oscillator
Only
USB High speed (not Full Speed)
Host and Device peripherals need a
12 MHz clock.
VDDOSC square wave signal
External clock source up to 50 MHz
Duty Cycle: 40 to 60%
Refer to the electrical specifications of the SAM9X25
Datasheet
Typical nominal frequency 12 MHz
Duty Cycle: 45 to 55%
Refer to the electrical specifications of the SAM9X25
Datasheet
Application Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
Application Note
;
Signal Name
Recommended Pin Connection
Description
Crystal load capacitance to check (CCRYSTAL32).
SAM9X25
XIN32
XIN32
XOUT32
Slow Clock Oscillator
GNDBU
C CRYSTAL32
32.768 kHz Crystal
Capacitors on XIN32 and XOUT32
(crystal load capacitance dependent)
XOUT32
CLEXT32
CLEXT32
Example: for a 32.768 kHz crystal with a load capacitance
of CCRYSTAL32= 12.5 pF, external capacitors are required:
CLEXT32 = 19 pF.
Refer to the electrical specifications of the SAM9X25
Datasheet
XIN32
XOUT32
Slow Clock Oscillator
in
Bypass Mode
XIN32: external clock source
XOUT32: can be left unconnected
VDDBU square wave signal
External clock source up to 44 kHz
Refer to the electrical specifications of the SAM9X25
Datasheet
Bias Voltage Reference for USB
To reduce as much as possible the noise on VBG pin
please check the Layout consideration below:
- VBG path as short as possible
- ground connection to GNDUTMI
VBG
0.9 - 1.1V(5)
6K8 ± 1% W
VBG
10 pF
GNDUTMI
Refer to the Signal Description List of the SAM9X25
Datasheet
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11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
;
Signal Name
Recommended Pin Connection
Description
ICE and JTAG(3)
TCK
Pull-up (100 kOhm)(1)
This pin is a Schmitt trigger input.
No internal pull-up resistor.
TMS
Pull-up (100 kOhm)(1)
This pin is a Schmitt trigger input.
No internal pull-up resistor.
TDI
Pull-up (100 kOhm)(1)
This pin is a Schmitt trigger input.
No internal pull-up resistor.
TDO
Floating
Output driven at up to VVDDIOP0
RTCK
Floating
Output driven at up to VVDDIOP0
NTRST
Please refer to the Pin Description of
the SAM9X25 Datasheet
This pin is a Schmitt trigger input.
Internal pull-up resistor to VVDDIOP0 (100 kOhm).
JTAGSEL
In harsh environments,(4) It is strongly
recommended to tie this pin to
GNDBU if not used or to add an
external low-value resistor (such as 1
kOhm).
Internal pull-down resistor to GNDBU (15 kOhm).
Must be tied to VVDDBU to enter JTAG Boundary Scan.
Reset/Test
NRST is a bidirectional pin (Schmitt trigger input).
NRST
Application dependent.
Can be connected to a push button for
hardware reset.
It is handled by the on-chip reset controller and can be
driven low to provide a reset signal to the external
components or asserted low externally to reset the
microcontroller.
By default, the User Reset is enabled after a General
Reset so that it is possible for a component to assert low
and reset the microcontroller.
An internal pull-up resistor to VVDDIOP0 (100 kOhm) is
available for User Reset and External Reset control.
8
TST
In harsh environments,(4) It is
strongly recommended to tie this
pin to GNDBU if not used or to add
an external low-value resistor (such
as 1 kOhm)
This pin is a Schmitt trigger input.
Internal pull-down resistor to GNDBU (15 kOhm).
BMS
Application dependent.
Must be tied to VVDDIOP0 to boot from Embedded ROM.
Must be tied to GNDIOP to boot from external memory
(EBI Chip Select 0).
Application Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
Application Note
;
Signal Name
Recommended Pin Connection
Description
Shutdown/Wakeup Logic
SHDN
Application dependent.
A typical application connects the pin
SHDN to the shutdown input of the
DC/DC Converter providing the main
power supplies.
This pin is a push-pull output.
SHDN pin is driven low to GNDBU by the Shutdown
Controller (SHDWC).
WKUP
0V to VVDDBU
This pin is an input-only.
WKUP behavior can be configured through the Shutdown
Controller (SHDWC).
PIO
PAx
PBx
PCx
PDx
All PIOs are pulled-up inputs (100 kOhms) at reset except
those which are multiplexed with the Address Bus signals
that require to be enabled as peripherals:
Refer to the column “Reset State” of the Pin Description
table in the I/O Description section of the SAM9X25
Datasheet.
Application dependent.
Schmitt Trigger on All Inputs
To reduce power consumption if not used, the concerned
PIO can be configured as an output, driven at ‘0’ with
internal pull-up disabled.
ADC
TSADVREF
2.4V to VDDANA
Decoupling/Filtering capacitors.
Application dependent
ADVREF is a pure analog input.
To reduce power consumption, if ADC is not used:
connect ADVREF to GNDANA.
EBI
D0-D31
Application dependent.
Data Bus (D0 to D31)
D0-D15 lines are pulled-up inputs to VDDIOM at reset.
D16-D31 lines are pulled-up inputs to VVDDNF at reset.
Note:
D16 to D31 are multiplexed with the PIOD
controller.
Address Bus (A0 to A25)
All address lines are driven to ‘0’ at reset.
A0-A25
Application dependent.
Note:
A20 to A25 are multiplexed with the PIOD
controller.
9
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
;
Signal Name
Recommended Pin Connection
Description
DDR2 - SMC - SDRAM Controller - NAND Flash Support
See “External Bus Interface (EBI) Hardware Interface” on page 12.
USB High Speed Host (UHPHS)
HFSDPA/HFSDPB
HHSDPA/HHSDPB
Application dependent.(5)
Integrated pull-down resistor to prevent over consumption
when the host is disconnected.
HFSDMA/HFSDMB
HHSDMA/HHSDMB
Application dependent.(5)
Integrated pull-down resistor to prevent over consumption
when the host is disconnected.
USB Full Speed Host (UHPHS)
HFSDPC
Application dependent.(5)
Integrated pull-down resistor to prevent over consumption
when the host is disconnected.
HFSDMC
Application dependent.(5)
Integrated pull-down resistor to prevent over consumption
when the host is disconnected.
USB High Speed Device (UDPHS)
DHSDM/DFSDP
Application dependent(6)
Integrated programmable pull-up resistor.
Integrated programmable pull-down resistor to prevent
over consumption when the host is disconnected.
To reduce power consumption, if USB Device is not used,
connect the embedded pull-up.
Integrated programmable pull-down resistor to prevent
over consumption when the host is disconnected.
DHSDP/DFSDM
Application dependent(6)
To reduce power consumption, if USB Device is not used,
connect the embedded pull-down.
Notes:
1. These values are given only as a typical example.
2. Decoupling capacitors must be connected as close as possible to the microcontroller and on each concerned pin.
100nF
VDDCORE
100nF
VDDCORE
100nF
VDDCORE
GND
10
Application Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
Application Note
3. It is recommended to establish accessibility to a JTAG connector for debug in any case.
4. In a well-shielded environment subject to low magnetic and electric field interference, the pin may be left unconnected. In
noisy environments, a connection to ground is recommended.
5. Example of USB High Speed Host connection:
A termination 39 Ohm serial resistor must be connected to HFSDPx and HFSDMx. More details are in the USB Host High
Speed Port section of the SAM9X25 Datasheet.
PIO (VBUS DETECT)
15k Ω
(1)
"A" Receptacle
1 = VBUS
2 = D3 = D+
4 = GND
HHSDM
39 ± 1% Ω
HFSDM
3 4
(1)
22k Ω
Shell = Shield
HHSDP
CRPB
1 2
39 ± 1% Ω
CRPB: 1µF to 10µF
HFSDP
6K8 ± 1% Ω
VBG
10 pF
GND
6. Typical USB High Speed Device connection:
As there is an embedded pull-up, no external circuitry is necessary to enable and disable the 1.5 k Ohm pull-up.
A termination 39 Ohm serial resistor must be connected to DFSDP and DFSDM. More details are in the USB High Speed
Device Port section of the SAM9X25 Datasheet.
PIO (VBUS DETECT)
15k Ω
"B" Receptacle
1 = VBUS
2 = D3 = D+
4 = GND
1
DHSDM
39 ± 1% Ω
DFSDM
2
Shell = Shield
22k Ω
CRPB
3
DHSDP
4
39 ± 1% Ω
CRPB:1µF to 10µF
DFSDP
6K8 ± 1% Ω
VBG
10 pF
GND
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11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
4. External Bus Interface (EBI) Hardware Interface
These tables detail the connections to be applied between the EBI pins and the external devices
for each Memory Controller.
Table 4-1.
EBI Pins and External Static Devices Connections
Pins of the Interfaced Device
8-bit Static
Device
Signals:
EBI_
2 x 8-bit
Static
Devices
16-bit Static
Device
Controller
4 x 8-bit
Static
Devices
2 x 16-bit
Static
Devices
32-bit Static
Device
SMC
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
–
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
D8 - 15
D8 - 15
–
–
–
D16 - D23
D16 - D23
D16 - D23
–
–
–
D24 - D31
D24 - D31
D24 - D31
D16 - D23
(5)
D24 - D31
(3)
NLB
BE0
A0/NBS0
A0
–
NLB
–
A1/NWR2/NBS2/DQ
M2
A1
A0
A0
WE(2)
NLB(4)
BE2
A[2:22]
A[1:21]
A[1:21]
A[0:20]
A[0:20]
A[0:20]
A[23:25]
A[22:24]
A[22:24]
A[21:23]
A[21:23]
A[21:23]
NCS0
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
NCS1/DDRSDCS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
NCS2
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
NCS3/NANDCS
A2 - A22(5)
(5)
A23 - A25
(5)
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
(5)
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
(5))
NCS5
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
NRD
OE
OE
OE
OE
OE
OE
WE
WE
NCS4
NWR0/NWE
NWR1/NBS1
NWR3/NBS3/DQM3
Notes:
(1)
WE
WE
–
WE
–
(1)
–
(2)
WE
WE
(2)
NUB
WE
BE1
(4)
BE3
NUB
(2)
–
(3)
WE
NUB
1. NWR0 enables lower byte writes. NWR1 enables upper byte writes.
2. NWRx enables corresponding byte x writes (x = 0,1,2 or 3).
3. NBS0 and NBS1 enable respectively lower and upper bytes of the lower 16-bit word.
4. NBS2 and NBS3 enable respectively lower and upper bytes of the upper 16-bit word.
5. Multiplexed pins with PD15-PD31.
Table 4-2.
EBI Pins and External Device Connections
Signals:
EBI_
DDR2/LPDDR
SDRAM
NAND Flash
DDRC
SDRAMC
NFC
D0 - D15
D0 - D15
D0 - D15
NFD0-NFD15(1)
D16 - D31
–
D16 - D31
NFD0-NFD15(1)–
A0/NBS0
–
–
–
A1/NWR2/NBS2/DQM2
–
DQM2
–
Controller
12
Pins of the Interfaced Device
Application Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
Application Note
Table 4-2.
EBI Pins and External Device Connections (Continued)
Signals:
EBI_
Pins of the Interfaced Device
DDR2/LPDDR
SDRAM
NAND Flash
DDRC
SDRAMC
NFC
DQM0-DQM1
DQM0-DQM1
DQM0-DQM1
–
DQS0-DQM1
DQS0-DQS1
–
–
A[0:8]
A[0:8]
–
Controller
A2 - A10
A11
A9
A9
–
SDA10
A10
A10
–
A12
A13 - A14
–
–
–
A[11:12]
A[11:12]
–
A15
A13
A13
–
A16/BA0
BA0
BA0
–
A17/BA1
BA1
BA1
–
A18/BA2
BA2
BA2
–
A19-A20
–
–
–
A21/NANDALE
–
–
ALE
A22/NANDCLE
–
–
CLE
A23 - A24
–
–
–
A25
–
–
–
NCS0
–
–
–
DDRCS
SDCS
–
–
–
–
NCS1/DDRSDCS
NCS2
NCS3/NANDCS
–
–
CE
NCS4
–
–
–
NCS5
–
–
–
NANDOE
–
–
OE
NANDWE
–
–
WE
NRD
–
–
–
NWR0/NWE
–
–
–
NWR1/NBS1
–
–
–
NWR3/NBS3/DQM3
–
DQM3
–
CFCE1
–
–
–
CFCE2
–
–
–
SDCK
CK
CK
–
SDCK#
CK#
–
–
SDCKE
CKE
CKE
–
RAS
RAS
RAS
–
CAS
CAS
CAS
–
SDWE
WE
WE
–
Pxx(2)
–
–
CE
–
–
RDY
Pxx(2)
Notes:
1. A switch, NFD0_ON_D16, enables the user to select Nand Flash path on D0-D7 or D16-D24
depending on memory power supplies. this switch is located in the EBICSA register in the Bus
Matrix User Interface.
2. Any PIO line.
13
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
5. AT91SAM Boot Program Hardware Constraints
See the Boot Strategies section of the SAM9X25 Datasheet for more details on the boot
program.
5.1
AT91SAM Boot Program Supported Crystals (MHz)
A 12 MHz Crystal or external clock (in bypass mode) is mandatory in order to generate USB and
PLL clocks correctly for the following boots.
5.2
NAND Flash Boot
Boot is possible if the first page contains a valid header or if it is ONFI compliant. For more
details please check the section Nand Flash Boot of the SAM9X25 Datasheet.
Booting on a 16-bit NAND Flash devices is not possible.
Table 5-1.
5.3
Pins Driven during NAND Flash Boot Program Execution
Peripheral
Pin
PIO Line
EBI CS3 SMC
NANDCS
PD4
EBI CS3 SMC
NAND ALE
A21
EBI CS3 SMC
NAND CLE
A22
EBI CS3 SMC
Cmd//Addr/Data
D[7:0] or D[23:16]
SD Card Boot
SD Card Boot supports all SD Card memories compliant with SD Memory Card Specification
V2.0. This includes SDHC cards.
Table 5-2.
5.4
Pins Driven during SD Card Boot Program Execution
Peripheral
Pin
PIO Line
MCI0
MCI0_CK
PA17
MCI0
MCI0_CD
PA16
MCI0
MCI0_D0
PA15
MCI0
MCI0_D1
PA18
MCI0
MCI0_D2
PA19
MCI0
MCI0_D3
PA20
Serial and DataFlash® Boot
Two kinds of SPI Flash are supported, SPI Serial Flash and SPI DataFlash.
The SPI Flash bootloader tries to boot on SPI0 Chip Select 0, first looking for SPI Serial Flash,
and then for SPI DataFlash.
The SPI Flash Boot program supports:
• all Serial Flash devices
• all Atmel DataFlash devices
14
Application Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
Application Note
Table 5-3.
5.5
Pins Driven during Serial or DataFlash Boot Program Execution
Peripheral
Pin
PIO Line
SPI0
MOSI
PA12
SPI0
MISO
PA11
SPI0
SPCK
PA13
SPI0
NPCS0
PA14
TWI EEPROM Boot
The TWI EEPROM Flash Boot program searches for a valid application in an EEPROM
memory.
TWI EEPROM Boot supports all I2C-compatible EEPROM memories using 7 bits device
(Address 0x50).
Table 5-4.
5.6
Pins Driven during TWI EEPROM Boot Program Execution
Peripheral
Pin
PIO Line
TWI0
TWD0
PA30
TWI0
TWCK0
PA31
SAM-BA® Boot
The SAM-BA Boot Assistant supports serial communication via the DBGU or the USB Device
Port.
Table 5-5.
Pins Driven during SAM-BA Boot Program Execution
Peripheral
Pin
PIO Line
DBGU
DRXD
PA9
DBGU
DTXD
PA10
15
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
Revision History
Doc. Rev
Comments
11131A
First issue
16
Change Request
Ref.
Application Note
11131A–ATARM–01-Aug-11
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