PCA9635 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 Product data sheet 1. General description The PCA9635 is an I2C-bus controlled 16-bit LED driver optimized for Red/Green/Blue/Amber (RGBA) color mixing applications. Each LED output has its own 8-bit resolution (256 steps) fixed frequency individual PWM controller that operates at 97 kHz with a duty cycle that is adjustable from 0 % to 99.6 % to allow the LED to be set to a specific brightness value. An additional 8-bit resolution (256 steps) group PWM controller has both a fixed frequency of 190 Hz and an adjustable frequency between 24 Hz to once every 10.73 seconds with a duty cycle that is adjustable from 0 % to 99.6 % that is used to either dim or blink all LEDs with the same value. Each LED output can be off, on (no PWM control), set at its individual PWM controller value or at both individual and group PWM controller values. The LED output driver is programmed to be either open-drain with a 25 mA current sink capability at 5 V or totem-pole with a 25 mA sink, 10 mA source capability at 5 V. The PCA9635 operates with a supply voltage range of 2.3 V to 5.5 V and the outputs are 5.5 V tolerant. LEDs can be directly connected to the LED output (up to 25 mA, 5.5 V) or controlled with external drivers and a minimum amount of discrete components for larger current or higher voltage LEDs. The PCA9635 is one of the first LED controller devices in a new Fast-mode Plus (Fm+) family. Fm+ devices offer higher frequency (up to 1 MHz) and more densely populated bus operation (up to 4000 pF). The active LOW Output Enable input pin (OE) allows asynchronous control of the LED outputs and can be used to set all the outputs to a defined I2C-bus programmable logic state. The OE can also be used to externally PWM the outputs, which is useful when multiple devices need to be dimmed or blinked together using software control. Software programmable LED Group and three Sub Call I2C-bus addresses allow all or defined groups of PCA9635 devices to respond to a common I2C-bus address, allowing for example, all red LEDs to be turned on or off at the same time or marquee chasing effect, thus minimizing I2C-bus commands. Seven hardware address pins allow up to 126 devices on the same bus. The Software Reset (SWRST) Call allows the master to perform a reset of the PCA9635 through the I2C-bus, identical to the Power-On Reset (POR) that initializes the registers to their default state causing the outputs to be set HIGH (LED off). This allows an easy and quick way to reconfigure all device registers to the same condition. PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 2. Features n 16 LED drivers. Each output programmable at: u Off u On u Programmable LED brightness u Programmable group dimming/blinking mixed with individual LED brightness n 1 MHz Fast-mode Plus compatible I2C-bus interface with 30 mA high drive capability on SDA output for driving high capacitive buses n 256-step (8-bit) linear programmable brightness per LED output varying from fully off (default) to maximum brightness using a 97 kHz PWM signal n 256-step group brightness control allows general dimming (using a 190 Hz PWM signal) from fully off to maximum brightness (default) n 256-step group blinking with frequency programmable from 24 Hz to 10.73 s and duty cycle from 0 % to 99.6 % n Sixteen totem-pole outputs (sink 25 mA and source 10 mA at 5 V) with software programmable open-drain LED outputs selection (default at totem-pole). No input function. n Output state change programmable on the Acknowledge or the STOP Command to update outputs byte-by-byte or all at the same time (default to ‘Change on STOP’). n Active LOW Output Enable (OE) input pin. LED outputs programmable to logic 1, logic 0 or ‘high-impedance’ (default at power-up) when OE is HIGH, thus allowing hardware blinking and dimming of the LEDs. n 7 hardware address pins allow 126 devices to be connected to the same I2C-bus n 4 software programmable I2C-bus addresses (one LED Group Call address and three LED Sub Call addresses) allow groups of devices to be addressed at the same time in any combination (for example, one register used for ‘All Call’ so that all the PCA9635s on the I2C-bus can be addressed at the same time and the second register used for three different addresses so that 1⁄3 of all devices on the bus can be addressed at the same time in a group). Software enable and disable for I2C-bus address. n Software Reset feature (SWRST Call) allows the device to be reset through the I2C-bus n 25 MHz internal oscillator requires no external components n Internal power-on reset n Noise filter on SDA/SCL inputs n Edge rate control on outputs n No glitch on power-up n Supports hot insertion n Low standby current n Operating power supply voltage range of 2.3 V to 5.5 V n 5.5 V tolerant inputs n −40 °C to +85 °C operation n ESD protection exceeds 2000 V HBM per JESD22-A114, 200 V MM per JESD22-A115 and 1000 V CDM per JESD22-C101 n Latch-up testing is done to JEDEC Standard JESD78 which exceeds 100 mA n Packages offered: TSSOP28 PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 2 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 3. Applications n n n n n RGB or RGBA LED drivers LED status information LED displays LCD backlights Keypad backlights for cellular phones or handheld devices 4. Ordering information Table 1. Ordering information Type number Topside mark Package Name Description Version PCA9635PW PCA9635PW TSSOP28 plastic thin shrink small outline package; 28 leads; body width 4.4 mm SOT361-1 PCA9635PW/Q900[1] PCA9635PW TSSOP28 plastic thin shrink small outline package; 28 leads; body width 4.4 mm SOT361-1 [1] PCA9635PW/Q900 is AEC-Q100 compliant. Contact [email protected] for PPAP. 5. Block diagram A0 SCL A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 INPUT FILTER SDA PCA9635 I2C-BUS CONTROL VDD POWER-ON RESET VDD VSS LED STATE SELECT REGISTER PWM REGISTER X BRIGHTNESS CONTROL 97 kHz 24.3 kHz 25 MHz OSCILLATOR LEDn GRPFREQ REGISTER MUX/ CONTROL GRPPWM REGISTER 190 Hz '0' – permanently OFF '1' – permanently ON OE 002aac136 Remark: Only one LED output shown for clarity. Fig 1. Block diagram of PCA9635 PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 3 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 6. Pinning information 6.1 Pinning A0 1 28 VDD A1 2 27 SDA A2 3 26 SCL A3 4 25 A6 A4 5 24 A5 LED0 6 LED1 7 LED2 8 LED3 9 20 LED13 LED4 10 19 LED12 LED5 11 18 LED11 LED6 12 17 LED10 LED7 13 16 LED9 VSS 14 15 LED8 23 OE PCA9635PW PCA9635PW/Q900 22 LED15 21 LED14 002aac134 Fig 2. Pin configuration for TSSOP28 6.2 Pin description Table 2. Pin description Symbol Pin Type Description A0 1 I address input 0 A1 2 I address input 1 A2 3 I address input 2 A3 4 I address input 3 A4 5 I address input 4 LED0 6 O LED driver 0 LED1 7 O LED driver 1 LED2 8 O LED driver 2 LED3 9 O LED driver 3 LED4 10 O LED driver 4 LED5 11 O LED driver 5 LED6 12 O LED driver 6 LED7 13 O LED driver 7 VSS 14 power supply supply ground LED8 15 O LED driver 8 LED9 16 O LED driver 9 LED10 17 O LED driver 10 LED11 18 O LED driver 11 LED12 19 O LED driver 12 PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 4 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver Table 2. Pin description …continued Symbol Pin Type Description LED13 20 O LED driver 13 LED14 21 O LED driver 14 LED15 22 O LED driver 15 OE 23 I active LOW output enable A5 24 I address input 5 A6 25 I address input 6 SCL 26 I serial clock line SDA 27 I/O serial data line VDD 28 power supply supply voltage 7. Functional description Refer to Figure 1 “Block diagram of PCA9635”. 7.1 Device addresses Following a START condition, the bus master must output the address of the slave it is accessing. There are a maximum of 128 possible programmable addresses using the 7 hardware address pins. Two of these addresses, Software Reset and LED All Call, cannot be used because their default power-up state is ON, leaving a maximum of 126 addresses. Using other reserved addresses, as well as any other Sub Call address, will reduce the total number of possible addresses even further. 7.1.1 Regular I2C-bus slave address The I2C-bus slave address of the PCA9635 is shown in Figure 3. To conserve power, no internal pull-up resistors are incorporated on the hardware selectable address pins and they must be pulled HIGH or LOW. Remark: Using reserved I2C-bus addresses will interfere with other devices, but only if the devices are on the bus and/or the bus will be open to other I2C-bus systems at some later date. In a closed system where the designer controls the address assignment these addresses can be used since the PCA9635 treats them like any other address. The LED All Call, Software Rest and PCA9564 or PCA9665 slave address (if on the bus) can never be used for individual device addresses. • PCA9635 LED All Call address (1110 000) and Software Reset (0000 0110) which are active on start-up • PCA9564 (0000 000) or PCA9665 (1110 000) slave address which is active on start-up • • • • ‘reserved for future use’ I2C-bus addresses (0000 011, 1111 1XX) slave devices that use the 10-bit addressing scheme (1111 0XX) slave devices that are designed to respond to the General Call address (0000 000) High-speed mode (Hs-mode) master code (0000 1XX) PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 5 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver slave address A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 hardware selectable Fig 3. A0 R/W 002aab319 Slave address The last bit of the address byte defines the operation to be performed. When set to logic 1 a read is selected, while a logic 0 selects a write operation. 7.1.2 LED all call I2C-bus address • Default power-up value (ALLCALLADR register): E0h or 1110 000X • Programmable through I2C-bus (volatile programming) • At power-up, LED All Call I2C-bus address is enabled. PCA9635 sends an ACK when E0h (R/W = 0) or E1h (R/W = 1) is sent by the master. See Section 7.3.8 “ALLCALLADR, LED All Call I2C-bus address” for more detail. Remark: The default LED All Call I2C-bus address (E0h or 1110 000X) must not be used as a regular I2C-bus slave address since this address is enabled at power-up. All the PCA9635s on the I2C-bus will acknowledge the address if sent by the I2C-bus master. 7.1.3 LED sub call I2C-bus addresses • 3 different I2C-bus addresses can be used • Default power-up values: – SUBADR1 register: E2h or 1110 001X – SUBADR2 register: E4h or 1110 010X – SUBADR3 register: E8h or 1110 100X • Programmable through I2C-bus (volatile programming) • At power-up, Sub Call I2C-bus addresses are disabled. PCA9635 does not send an ACK when E2h (R/W = 0) or E3h (R/W = 1), E4h (R/W = 0) or E5h (R/W = 1), or E8h (R/W = 0) or E9h (R/W = 1) is sent by the master. See Section 7.3.7 “SUBADR1 to SUBADR3, I2C-bus subaddress 1 to 3” for more detail. Remark: The default LED Sub Call I2C-bus addresses may be used as regular I2C-bus slave addresses as long as they are disabled. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 6 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 7.1.4 Software reset I2C-bus address The address shown in Figure 4 is used when a reset of the PCA9635 needs to be performed by the master. The Software Reset address (SWRST Call) must be used with R/W = logic 0. If R/W = logic 1, the PCA9635 does not acknowledge the SWRST. See Section 7.6 “Software reset” for more detail. R/W 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 002aab416 Fig 4. Software Reset address Remark: The Software Reset I2C-bus address is a reserved address and cannot be used as a regular I2C-bus slave address or as an LED All Call or LED Sub Call address. 7.2 Control register Following the successful acknowledgement of the slave address, LED All Call address or LED Sub Call address, the bus master will send a byte to the PCA9635, which will be stored in the Control register. The lowest 5 bits are used as a pointer to determine which register will be accessed (D[4:0]). The highest 3 bits are used as Auto-Increment flag and Auto-Increment options (AI[2:0]). register address AI2 AI1 AI0 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 002aac147 Auto-Increment options Auto-Increment flag reset state = 80h Remark: The Control register does not apply to the Software Reset I2C-bus address. Fig 5. Control register When the Auto-Increment flag is set (AI2 = logic 1), the five low order bits of the Control register are automatically incremented after a read or write. This allows the user to program the registers sequentially. Four different types of Auto-Increment are possible, depending on AI1 and AI0 values. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 7 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver Table 3. Auto-Increment options AI2 AI1 AI0 Function 0 0 0 no Auto-Increment 1 0 0 Auto-Increment for all registers. D[4:0] roll over to ‘0 0000’ after the last register (1 1011) is accessed. 1 0 1 Auto-Increment for individual brightness registers only. D[4:0] roll over to ‘0 0010’ after the last register (1 0001) is accessed. 1 1 0 Auto-Increment for global control registers only. D[4:0] roll over to ‘1 0010’ after the last register (1 0011) is accessed. 1 1 1 Auto-Increment for individual and global control registers only. D[4:0] roll over to ‘0 0010’ after the last register (1 0011) is accessed. Remark: Other combinations not shown in Table 3 (AI[2:0] = 001, 010, and 011) are reserved and must not be used for proper device operation. AI[2:0] = 000 is used when the same register must be accessed several times during a single I2C-bus communication, for example, changes the brightness of a single LED. Data is overwritten each time the register is accessed during a write operation. AI[2:0] = 100 is used when all the registers must be sequentially accessed, for example, power-up programming. AI[2:0] = 101 is used when the four LED drivers must be individually programmed with different values during the same I2C-bus communication, for example, changing color setting to another color setting. AI[2:0] = 110 is used when the LED drivers must be globally programmed with different settings during the same I2C-bus communication, for example, global brightness or blinking change. AI[2:0] = 111 is used when individual and global changes must be performed during the same I2C-bus communication, for example, changing a color and global brightness at the same time. Only the 5 least significant bits D[4:0] are affected by the AI[2:0] bits. When the Control register is written, the register entry point determined by D[4:0] is the first register that will be addressed (read or write operation), and can be anywhere between 0 0000 and 1 1011 (as defined in Table 4). When AI[2] = 1, the Auto-Increment flag is set and the rollover value at which the register increment stops and goes to the next one is determined by AI[2:0]. See Table 3 for rollover values. For example, if the Control register = 1111 0100 (F4h), then the register addressing sequence will be (in hex): 14 → … → 1B → 00 → … → 13 → 02 → … → 13 → 02 → … → 13 → 02 → … as long as the master keeps sending or reading data. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 8 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 7.3 Register definitions Table 4. Register summary[1][2] Register number (hex) D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name Type Function 00 0 0 0 0 0 MODE1 read/write Mode register 1 01 0 0 0 0 1 MODE2 read/write Mode register 2 02 0 0 0 1 0 PWM0 read/write brightness control LED0 03 0 0 0 1 1 PWM1 read/write brightness control LED1 04 0 0 1 0 0 PWM2 read/write brightness control LED2 05 0 0 1 0 1 PWM3 read/write brightness control LED3 06 0 0 1 1 0 PWM4 read/write brightness control LED4 07 0 0 1 1 1 PWM5 read/write brightness control LED5 08 0 1 0 0 0 PWM6 read/write brightness control LED6 09 0 1 0 0 1 PWM7 read/write brightness control LED7 0A 0 1 0 1 0 PWM8 read/write brightness control LED8 0B 0 1 0 1 1 PWM9 read/write brightness control LED9 0C 0 1 1 0 0 PWM10 read/write brightness control LED10 0D 0 1 1 0 1 PWM11 read/write brightness control LED11 0E 0 1 1 1 0 PWM12 read/write brightness control LED12 0F 0 1 1 1 1 PWM13 read/write brightness control LED13 10 1 0 0 0 0 PWM14 read/write brightness control LED14 11 1 0 0 0 1 PWM15 read/write brightness control LED15 12 1 0 0 1 0 GRPPWM read/write group duty cycle control 13 1 0 0 1 1 GRPFREQ read/write group frequency 14 1 0 1 0 0 LEDOUT0 read/write LED output state 0 15 1 0 1 0 1 LEDOUT1 read/write LED output state 1 16 1 0 1 1 0 LEDOUT2 read/write LED output state 2 17 1 0 1 1 1 LEDOUT3 read/write LED output state 3 18 1 1 0 0 0 SUBADR1 read/write I2C-bus subaddress 1 19 1 1 0 0 1 SUBADR2 read/write I2C-bus subaddress 2 1A 1 1 0 1 0 SUBADR3 read/write I2C-bus subaddress 3 1B 1 1 0 1 1 ALLCALLADR read/write LED All Call I2C-bus address [1] Only D[4:0] = 0 0000 to 1 1011 are allowed and will be acknowledged. D[4:0] = 1 1100 to 1 1111 are reserved and will not be acknowledged. [2] When writing to the Control register, bit 4 must be programmed with logic 0 for proper device operation. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 9 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 7.3.1 Mode register 1, MODE1 Table 5. MODE1 - Mode register 1 (address 00h) bit description Legend: * default value. Bit Symbol Access Value Description 7 AI2 read only 0 Register Auto-Increment disabled. 1* Register Auto-Increment enabled. 0* Auto-Increment bit 1 = 0. 1 Auto-Increment bit 1 = 1. 0* Auto-Increment bit 0 = 0. 1 Auto-Increment bit 0 = 1. 0 Normal mode[1]. 1* Low power mode. Oscillator off[2]. 0* PCA9635 does not respond to I2C-bus subaddress 1. 1 PCA9635 responds to I2C-bus subaddress 1. 0* PCA9635 does not respond to I2C-bus subaddress 2. 1 PCA9635 responds to I2C-bus subaddress 2. 0* PCA9635 does not respond to I2C-bus subaddress 3. 1 PCA9635 responds to I2C-bus subaddress 3. 0 PCA9635 does not respond to LED All Call I2C-bus address. 1* PCA9635 responds to LED All Call I2C-bus address. 6 AI1 5 read only AI0 4 read only SLEEP 3 SUB1 2 R/W SUB2 1 R/W SUB3 0 R/W R/W ALLCALL R/W [1] It takes 500 µs max. for the oscillator to be up and running once SLEEP bit has been set to logic 0. Timings on LEDn outputs are not guaranteed if PWMx, GRPPWM or GRPFREQ registers are accessed within the 500 µs window. [2] When the oscillator is off (Sleep mode) the LED outputs cannot be turned on, off or dimmed/blinked. 7.3.2 Mode register 2, MODE2 Table 6. MODE2 - Mode register 2 (address 01h) bit description Legend: * default value. Bit Symbol Access Value Description 7 - read only 0* reserved 6 - read only 0* reserved 5 DMBLNK R/W 4 INVRT[1] 3 OCH 2 OUTDRV[1] R/W R/W R/W 0* group control = dimming. 1 group control = blinking. 0* Output logic state not inverted. Value to use when no external driver used. Applicable when OE = 0. 1 Output logic state inverted. Value to use when external driver used. Applicable when OE = 0. 0* Outputs change on STOP command.[2] 1 Outputs change on ACK. 0 The 16 LED outputs are configured with an open-drain structure. 1* The 16 LED outputs are configured with a totem-pole structure. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 10 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver Table 6. MODE2 - Mode register 2 (address 01h) bit description …continued Legend: * default value. Bit Symbol Access Value Description 1 to 0 OUTNE[1:0][3] R/W 00 When OE = 1 (output drivers not enabled), LEDn = 0. 01* When OE = 1 (output drivers not enabled): LEDn = 1 when OUTDRV = 1 LEDn = high-impedance when OUTDRV = 0 (same as OUTNE[1:0] = 10) 10 When OE = 1 (output drivers not enabled), LEDn = high-impedance. 11 reserved [1] See Section 7.7 “Using the PCA9635 with and without external drivers” for more details. Normal LEDs can be driven directly in either mode. Some newer LEDs include integrated Zener diodes to limit voltage transients, reduce EMI and protect the LEDs, and these must be driven only in the open-drain mode to prevent overheating the IC. [2] Change of the outputs at the STOP command allows synchronizing outputs of more than one PCA9635. Applicable to registers from 02h (PWM0) to 17h (LEDOUT) only. [3] See Section 7.4 “Active LOW output enable input” for more details. 7.3.3 PWM0 to PWM15, individual brightness control Table 7. PWM0 to PWM15 - PWM registers 0 to 15 (address 02h to 11h) bit description Legend: * default value. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 02h PWM0 7:0 IDC0[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM0 Individual Duty Cycle 03h PWM1 7:0 IDC1[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM1 Individual Duty Cycle 04h PWM2 7:0 IDC2[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM2 Individual Duty Cycle 05h PWM3 7:0 IDC3[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM3 Individual Duty Cycle 06h PWM4 7:0 IDC4[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM4 Individual Duty Cycle 07h PWM5 7:0 IDC5[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM5 Individual Duty Cycle 08h PWM6 7:0 IDC6[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM6 Individual Duty Cycle 09h PWM7 7:0 IDC7[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM7 Individual Duty Cycle 0Ah PWM8 7:0 IDC8[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM8 Individual Duty Cycle 0Bh PWM9 7:0 IDC9[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM9 Individual Duty Cycle 0Ch PWM10 7:0 IDC10[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM10 Individual Duty Cycle 0Dh PWM11 7:0 IDC11[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM11 Individual Duty Cycle 0Eh PWM12 7:0 IDC12[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM12 Individual Duty Cycle 0Fh PWM13 7:0 IDC13[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM13 Individual Duty Cycle 10h PWM14 7:0 IDC14[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM14 Individual Duty Cycle 11h PWM15 7:0 IDC15[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* PWM15 Individual Duty Cycle A 97 kHz fixed frequency signal is used for each output. Duty cycle is controlled through 256 linear steps from 00h (0 % duty cycle = LED output off) to FFh (99.6 % duty cycle = LED output at maximum brightness). Applicable to LED outputs programmed with LDRx = 10 or 11 (LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT3 registers). IDCx [ 7:0 ] duty cycle = --------------------------256 PCA9635_7 Product data sheet (1) © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 11 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 7.3.4 GRPPWM, group duty cycle control Table 8. GRPPWM - Group brightness control register (address 12h) bit description Legend: * default value Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 12h GRPPWM 7:0 GDC[7:0] R/W 1111 1111 GRPPWM register When DMBLNK bit (MODE2 register) is programmed with logic 0, a 190 Hz fixed frequency signal is superimposed with the 97 kHz individual brightness control signal. GRPPWM is then used as a global brightness control allowing the LED outputs to be dimmed with the same value. The value in GRPFREQ is then a ‘Don’t care’. General brightness for the 16 outputs is controlled through 256 linear steps from 00h (0 % duty cycle = LED output off) to FFh (99.6 % duty cycle = maximum brightness). Applicable to LED outputs programmed with LDRx = 11 (LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT3 registers). When DMBLNK bit is programmed with logic 1, GRPPWM and GRPFREQ registers define a global blinking pattern, where GRPFREQ contains the blinking period (from 24 Hz to 10.73 s) and GRPPWM the duty cycle (ON/OFF ratio in %). GDC [ 7:0 ] duty cycle = --------------------------256 (2) 7.3.5 GRPFREQ, group frequency Table 9. GRPFREQ - Group Frequency register (address 13h) bit description Legend: * default value. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 13h GRPFREQ 7:0 GFRQ[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* GRPFREQ register GRPFREQ is used to program the global blinking period when DMBLNK bit (MODE2 register) is equal to 1. Value in this register is a ‘Don’t care’ when DMBLNK = 0. Applicable to LED outputs programmed with LDRx = 11 (LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT3 registers). Blinking period is controlled through 256 linear steps from 00h (41 ms, frequency 24 Hz) to FFh (10.73 s). GFRQ [ 7:0 ] + 1 global blinking period = ---------------------------------------- ( s ) 24 PCA9635_7 Product data sheet (3) © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 12 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 7.3.6 LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT3, LED driver output state Table 10. LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT3 - LED driver output state register (address 14h to 17h) bit description Legend: * default value. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 14h LEDOUT0 7:6 LDR3 R/W 00* LED3 output state control 5:4 LDR2 R/W 00* LED2 output state control 3:2 LDR1 R/W 00* LED1 output state control 15h 16h 17h LEDOUT1 LEDOUT2 LEDOUT3 1:0 LDR0 R/W 00* LED0 output state control 7:6 LDR7 R/W 00* LED7 output state control 5:4 LDR6 R/W 00* LED6 output state control 3:2 LDR5 R/W 00* LED5 output state control 1:0 LDR4 R/W 00* LED4 output state control 7:6 LDR11 R/W 00* LED11 output state control 5:4 LDR10 R/W 00* LED10 output state control 3:2 LDR9 R/W 00* LED9 output state control 1:0 LDR8 R/W 00* LED8 output state control 7:6 LDR15 R/W 00* LED15 output state control 5:4 LDR14 R/W 00* LED14 output state control 3:2 LDR13 R/W 00* LED13 output state control 1:0 LDR12 R/W 00* LED12 output state control LDRx = 00 — LED driver x is off (default power-up state). LDRx = 01 — LED driver x is fully on (individual brightness and group dimming/blinking not controlled). LDRx = 10 — LED driver x individual brightness can be controlled through its PWMx register. LDRx = 11 — LED driver x individual brightness and group dimming/blinking can be controlled through its PWMx register and the GRPPWM registers. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 13 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 7.3.7 SUBADR1 to SUBADR3, I2C-bus subaddress 1 to 3 SUBADR1 to SUBADR3 - I2C-bus subaddress registers 1 to 3 (address 18h to 1Ah) bit description Legend: * default value. Table 11. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 18h SUBADR1 7:1 A1[7:1] R/W 1110 001* I2C-bus subaddress 1 0 A1[0] R only 0* reserved 7:1 A2[7:1] R/W 1110 010* I2C-bus subaddress 2 0 A2[0] R only 0* reserved 7:1 A3[7:1] R/W 1110 100* I2C-bus subaddress 3 0 A3[0] R only 0* reserved 19h SUBADR2 1Ah SUBADR3 Subaddresses are programmable through the I2C-bus. Default power-up values are E2h, E4h, E8h, and the device(s) will not acknowledge these addresses right after power-up (the corresponding SUBx bit in MODE1 register is equal to 0). Once subaddresses have been programmed to their right values, SUBx bits need to be set to logic 1 in order to have the device acknowledging these addresses (MODE1 register). Only the 7 MSBs representing the I2C-bus subaddress are valid. The LSB in SUBADRx register is a read-only bit (0). When SUBx is set to logic 1, the corresponding I2C-bus subaddress can be used during either an I2C-bus read or write sequence. 7.3.8 ALLCALLADR, LED All Call I2C-bus address ALLCALLADR - LED All Call I2C-bus address register (address 1Bh) bit description Legend: * default value. Table 12. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 1Bh ALLCALLADR 7:1 AC[7:1] R/W 1110 000* ALLCALL I2C-bus address register 0 AC[0] R only 0* reserved The LED All Call I2C-bus address allows all the PCA9635s in the bus to be programmed at the same time (ALLCALL bit in register MODE1 must be equal to 1 (power-up default state)). This address is programmable through the I2C-bus and can be used during either an I2C-bus read or write sequence. The register address can also be programmed as a Sub Call. Only the 7 MSBs representing the All Call I2C-bus address are valid. The LSB in ALLCALLADR register is a read-only bit (0). If ALLCALL bit = 0, the device does not acknowledge the address programmed in register ALLCALLADR. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 14 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 7.4 Active LOW output enable input The active LOW output enable (OE) pin, allows to enable or disable all the LED outputs at the same time. • When a LOW level is applied to OE pin, all the LED outputs are enabled and follow the output state defined in the LEDOUT register with the polarity defined by INVRT bit (MODE2 register). • When a HIGH level is applied to OE pin, all the LED outputs are programmed to the value that is defined by OUTNE[1:0] in the MODE2 register. Table 13. OUTNE1 LED outputs when OE = 1 OUTNE0 LED outputs 0 0 0 0 1 1 if OUTDRV = 1, high-impedance if OUTDRV = 0 1 0 high-impedance 1 1 reserved The OE pin can be used as a synchronization signal to switch on/off several PCA9635 devices at the same time. This requires an external clock reference that provides blinking period and the duty cycle. The OE pin can also be used as an external dimming control signal. The frequency of the external clock must be high enough not to be seen by the human eye, and the duty cycle value determines the brightness of the LEDs. Remark: Do not use OE as an external blinking control signal when internal global blinking is selected (DMBLNK = 1, MODE2 register) since it will result in an undefined blinking pattern. Do not use OE as an external dimming control signal when internal global dimming is selected (DMBLNK = 0, MODE2 register) since it will result in an undefined dimming pattern. 7.5 Power-on reset When power is applied to VDD, an internal power-on reset holds the PCA9635 in a reset condition until VDD has reached VPOR. At this point, the reset condition is released and the PCA9635 registers and I2C-bus state machine are initialized to their default states (all zeroes) causing all the channels to be deselected. Thereafter, VDD must be lowered below 0.2 V to reset the device. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 15 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 7.6 Software reset The Software Reset Call (SWRST Call) allows all the devices in the I2C-bus to be reset to the power-up state value through a specific formatted I2C-bus command. To be performed correctly, it implies that the I2C-bus is functional and that there is no device hanging the bus. The SWRST Call function is defined as the following: 1. A START command is sent by the I2C-bus master. 2. The reserved SWRST I2C-bus address ‘0000 011’ with the R/W bit set to ‘0’ (write) is sent by the I2C-bus master. 3. The PCA9635 device(s) acknowledge(s) after seeing the SWRST Call address ‘0000 0110’ (06h) only. If the R/W bit is set to ‘1’ (read), no acknowledge is returned to the I2C-bus master. 4. Once the SWRST Call address has been sent and acknowledged, the master sends 2 bytes with 2 specific values (SWRST data byte 1 and byte 2): a. Byte 1 = A5h: the PCA9635 acknowledges this value only. If byte 1 is not equal to A5h, the PCA9635 does not acknowledge it. b. Byte 2 = 5Ah: the PCA9635 acknowledges this value only. If byte 2 is not equal to 5Ah, then the PCA9635 does not acknowledge it. If more than 2 bytes of data are sent, the PCA9635 does not acknowledge any more. 5. Once the right 2 bytes (SWRST data byte 1 and byte 2 only) have been sent and correctly acknowledged, the master sends a STOP command to end the SWRST Call: the PCA9635 then resets to the default value (power-up value) and is ready to be addressed again within the specified bus free time (tBUF). The I2C-bus master must interpret a non-acknowledge from the PCA9635 (at any time) as a ‘SWRST Call Abort’. The PCA9635 does not initiate a reset of its registers. This happens only when the format of the SWRST Call sequence is not correct. 7.7 Using the PCA9635 with and without external drivers The PCA9635 LED output drivers are 5.5 V only tolerant and can sink up to 25 mA at 5 V. If the device needs to drive LEDs to a higher voltage and/or higher current, use of an external driver is required. • INVRT bit (MODE2 register) can be used to keep the LED PWM control firmware the same (PWMx and GRPPWM values directly calculated from their respective formulas and the LED output state determined by LEDOUT register value) independently of the type of external driver. This bit allows LED output polarity inversion/non-inversion only when OE = 0. • OUTDRV bit (MODE2 register) allows minimizing the amount of external components required to control the external driver (N-type or P-type device). PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 16 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver Table 14. Use of INVRT and OUTDRV based on connection to the LEDn outputs when OE = 0[1] INVRT OUTDRV Direct connection to LEDn Firmware External pull-up resistor External N-type driver External P-type driver Firmware Firmware External pull-up resistor External pull-up resistor formulas and LED required output state values apply 0 0 formulas and LED output state values apply[2] LED current formulas and LED required limiting R[2] output state values inverted 0 1 formulas and LED output state values apply[2] LED current formulas and LED not required formulas and LED not limiting R[2] output state output state values required[4] values inverted apply[4] 1 0 formulas and LED output state values inverted LED current formulas and LED required limiting R output state values apply formulas and LED required output state values inverted 1 1 formulas and LED output state values inverted LED current formulas and LED not limiting R output state required[3] values apply[3] formulas and LED not required output state values inverted [1] When OE = 1, LED output state is controlled only by OUTNE[1:0] bits (MODE2 register). [2] Correct configuration when LEDs directly connected to the LEDn outputs (connection to VDD through current limiting resistor). [3] Optimum configuration when external N-type (NPN, NMOS) driver used. [4] Optimum configuration when external P-type (PNP, PMOS) driver used. Table 15. Output transistors based on LEDOUT registers, INVRT and OUTDRV bits when OE = 0[1] LEDOUT INVRT OUTDRV Upper transistor Lower transistor (VDD to LEDn) (LEDn to VSS) LEDn state 00 0 0 off off high-Z[2] LED driver off 0 1 on off VDD 1 0 off on VSS 1 1 off on VSS 01 0 0 off on VSS LED driver on 0 1 off on VSS 1 0 off off high-Z[2] 1 1 on off VDD 10 0 0 off VSS or high-Z[2] = PWMx value Individual brightness control individual PWM (non-inverted) 0 1 individual PWM (non-inverted) individual PWM (non-inverted) VSS or VDD = PWMx value 1 0 off individual PWM (inverted) high-Z[2] or VSS = 1 − PWMx value 1 1 individual PWM (inverted) individual PWM (inverted) VDD or VSS = 1 − PWMx value PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 17 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver Output transistors based on LEDOUT registers, INVRT and OUTDRV bits when OE = 0[1] …continued Table 15. LEDOUT INVRT OUTDRV Upper transistor Lower transistor (VDD to LEDn) (LEDn to VSS) LEDn state 11 0 0 off individual + group dimming/blinking 0 individual + group PWM (non-inverted) VSS or high-Z[2] = PWMx or GRPPWM values 1 individual PWM (non-inverted) individual PWM (non-inverted) VSS or VDD = PWMx or GRPPWM values 1 0 off individual + group PWM (inverted) high-Z[2] or VSS = (1 − PWMx) or (1 − GRPPWM) values 1 1 individual PWM (inverted) individual PWM (inverted) VDD or VSS = (1 − PWMx) or (1 − GRPPWM) values [1] When OE = 1, LED output state is controlled only by OUTNE[1:0] bits (MODE2 register). [2] External pull-up or LED current limiting resistor connects LEDn to VDD. 7.8 Individual brightness control with group dimming/blinking A 97 kHz fixed frequency signal with programmable duty cycle (8 bits, 256 steps) is used to control individually the brightness for each LED. On top of this signal, one of the following signals can be superimposed (this signal can be applied to the 4 LED outputs): • A lower 190 Hz fixed frequency signal with programmable duty cycle (8 bits, 256 steps) is used to provide a global brightness control. • A programmable frequency signal from 24 Hz to 1⁄10.73 Hz (8 bits, 256 steps) with programmable duty cycle (8 bits, 256 steps) is used to provide a global blinking control. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 507 508 509 510 511 512 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Brightness Control signal (LEDn) N × 40 ns with N = (0 to 255) (PWMx Register) M × 256 × 2 × 40 ns with M = (0 to 255) (GRPPWM Register) 256 × 40 ns = 10.24 µs (97.6 kHz) Group Dimming signal 256 × 2 × 256 × 40 ns = 5.24 ms (190.7 Hz) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 resulting Brightness + Group Dimming signal 002aab417 Minimum pulse width for LEDn Brightness Control is 40 ns. Minimum pulse width for Group Dimming is 20.48 µs. When M = 1 (GRPPWM register value), the resulting LEDn Brightness Control + Group Dimming signal will have 2 pulses of the LED Brightness Control signal (pulse width = N × 40 ns, with ‘N’ defined in PWMx register). This resulting Brightness + Group Dimming signal above shows a resulting Control signal with M = 4 (8 pulses). Fig 6. Brightness + Group Dimming signals PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 18 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 8. Characteristics of the I2C-bus The I2C-bus is for 2-way, 2-line communication between different ICs or modules. The two lines are a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). Both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor when connected to the output stages of a device. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. 8.1 Bit transfer One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock pulse as changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as control signals (see Figure 7). SDA SCL data line stable; data valid Fig 7. change of data allowed mba607 Bit transfer 8.1.1 START and STOP conditions Both data and clock lines remain HIGH when the bus is not busy. A HIGH-to-LOW transition of the data line while the clock is HIGH is defined as the START condition (S). A LOW-to-HIGH transition of the data line while the clock is HIGH is defined as the STOP condition (P) (see Figure 8). SDA SCL S P START condition STOP condition mba608 Fig 8. Definition of START and STOP conditions 8.2 System configuration A device generating a message is a ‘transmitter’; a device receiving is the ‘receiver’. The device that controls the message is the ‘master’ and the devices which are controlled by the master are the ‘slaves’ (see Figure 9). PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 19 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver SDA SCL MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER SLAVE RECEIVER SLAVE TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER I2C-BUS MULTIPLEXER SLAVE 002aaa966 Fig 9. System configuration 8.3 Acknowledge The number of data bytes transferred between the START and the STOP conditions from transmitter to receiver is not limited. Each byte of eight bits is followed by one acknowledge bit. The acknowledge bit is a HIGH level put on the bus by the transmitter, whereas the master generates an extra acknowledge related clock pulse. A slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. Also a master must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte that has been clocked out of the slave transmitter. The device that acknowledges has to pull down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse; set-up time and hold time must be taken into account. A master receiver must signal an end of data to the transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this event, the transmitter must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate a STOP condition. data output by transmitter not acknowledge data output by receiver acknowledge SCL from master 1 S START condition 2 8 9 clock pulse for acknowledgement 002aaa987 Fig 10. Acknowledgement on the I2C-bus PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 20 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 9. Bus transactions slave address data for register D[4:0](1) control register S A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition A X X X D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 A Auto-Increment options Auto-Increment flag R/W A acknowledge from slave P acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave STOP condition 002aac148 (1) See Table 4 for register definition. Fig 11. Write to a specific register slave address control register S A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition A 1 0 0 0 0 0 acknowledge from slave 0 0 MODE1 register selection Auto-Increment on all registers R/W MODE1 register MODE2 register A acknowledge from slave A A acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave (cont.) Auto-Increment on SUBADR3 register ALLCALLADR register (cont.) A A acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave P STOP condition 002aac149 Fig 12. Write to all registers using the Auto-Increment feature slave address control register S A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition A R/W acknowledge from slave 1 0 1 0 0 0 PWM0 register 1 0 PWM0 register selection increment on Individual brightness registers only PWM1 register A acknowledge from slave A A acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave (cont.) Auto-Increment on PWM14 register (cont.) PWM15 register PWM0 register PWMx register A A A A acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave P STOP condition 002aac150 Fig 13. Multiple writes to Individual Brightness registers only using the Auto-Increment feature PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 21 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver slave address ReSTART condition control register S A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition A 1 0 0 0 Auto-Increment on all registers R/W acknowledge from slave data from MODE2 register (cont.) 0 0 0 0 MODE1 register selection slave address data from MODE1 register A Sr A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 1 acknowledge from slave acknowledge from master R/W acknowledge from slave Auto-Increment on data from ALLCALLADR register data from PWM0 A (cont.) A data from MODE1 register A A A acknowledge from master acknowledge from master acknowledge from master A (cont.) acknowledge from master data from last read byte (cont.) A not acknowledge from master P STOP condition 002aac151 Fig 14. Read all registers using the Auto-Increment feature slave address(1) new LED All Call I2C address(2) control register sequence (A) S A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition A X X X 1 1 0 1 1 ALLCALLADR register selection R/W acknowledge from slave A 1 0 1 0 1 acknowledge from slave 0 1 X A P acknowledge from slave Auto-Increment on STOP condition the 16 LEDs are on at the acknowledge(3) LED All Call I2C address sequence (B) S 1 0 1 0 START condition 1 0 1 control register 0 A X X X R/W acknowledge from the 4 devices 0 1 0 LEDOUT register (LED fully ON) 0 0 A 0 1 0 1 LEDOUT register selection acknowledge from the 4 devices 0 1 0 1 A P acknowledge from the 4 devices STOP condition 002aac152 (1) In this example, several PCA9635s are used and the same sequence (A) (above) is sent to each of them. (2) ALLCALL bit in MODE1 register is equal to 1 for this example. (3) OCH bit in MODE2 register is equal to 1 for this example. Fig 15. LED All Call I2C-bus address programming and LED All Call sequence example PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 22 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 10. Application design-in information 5V 12 V 5V 12 V 5V 12 V 5V 12 V VDD = 2.5 V, 3.3 V or 5.0 V I2C-BUS/SMBus MASTER SDA R(1) R(1) 10 kΩ(2) VDD SDA LED0 SCL SCL LED1 LED2 OE OE LED3 PCA9635 LED4 LED5 LED6 LED7 LED8 LED9 LED10 LED11 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 LED12 LED13 LED14 A6 VSS LED15 002aac138 (1) R = 10 kΩ (typical) for SMBus, Standard-mode or Fast-mode I2C-bus. R = 1 kΩ (typical) for Fast-mode Plus I2C-bus. (2) OE requires pull-up resistor if control signal from the master is open-drain. I2C-bus address = 0010 101x. Fig 16. Typical application PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 23 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver Question 1: What kind of edge rate control is there on the outputs? • The typical edge rates depend on the output configuration, supply voltage, and the applied load. The outputs can be configured as either open-drain NMOS or totem-pole outputs. If the customer is using the part to directly drive LEDs, they should be using it in an open-drain NMOS, if they are concerned about the maximum ISS and ground bounce. The edge rate control was designed primarily to slow down the turn-on of the output device; it turns off rather quickly (~1.5 ns). In simulation, the typical turn-on time for the open-drain NMOS was ~14 ns (VDD = 3.6 V; CL = 50 pF; RPU = 500 Ω). Question 2: Is ground bounce possible? • Ground bounce is a possibility, especially if all 16 outputs are changed at full current (25 mA each). There is a fair amount of decoupling capacitance on chip (~50 pF), which is intended to suppress some of the ground bounce. The customer will need to determine if additional decoupling capacitance externally placed as close as physically possible to the device is required. Question 3: Can I really sink 400 mA through the single ground pin on the package and will this cause any ground bounce problem due to the PWM of the LEDs? • Yes, you can sink 400 mA through a single ground pin on the package. Although the package only has one ground pin, there are two ground pads on the die itself connected to this one pin. Although some ground bounce is likely, it will not disrupt the operation of the part and would be reduced by the external decoupling capacitance. Question 4: I can’t turn the LEDs on or off, but their registers are set properly. Why? • Check the Mode Register 1 bit 4 SLEEP setting. The value needs to be 0 so that the OSC is turn on. If the OSC is turned off, the LEDs cannot be turned on or off and also can’t be dimmed or blinked. Question 5: I’m using LEDs with integrated Zener diodes and the IC is getting very hot. Why? • The IC outputs can be set to either open-drain or push-pull and default to push-pull outputs. In this application with the Zener diodes, they need to be set to open-drain since in the push-pull architecture there is a low resistance path to GND through the Zener and this is causing the IC to overheat. The PCA9632/33/34/35 ICs all power-up in the push-pull output mode and with the logic state HIGH, so one of the first things that need to be done is to set the outputs to open-drain. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 24 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 11. Limiting values Table 16. Limiting values In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Symbol Parameter VDD Conditions Min Max Unit supply voltage −0.5 +6.0 V VI/O voltage on an input/output pin VSS − 0.5 5.5 V IO(LEDn) output current on pin LEDn - 25 mA ISS ground supply current - 400 mA Ptot total power dissipation - 400 mW Tstg storage temperature −65 +150 °C Tamb ambient temperature −40 +85 °C operating 12. Static characteristics Table 17. Static characteristics VDD = 2.3 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = −40 °C to +85 °C; unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 2.3 - 5.5 V Supply VDD supply voltage IDD supply current Istb standby current operating mode; no load; fSCL = 1 MHz VDD = 2.3 V - 2.5 10 mA VDD = 3.3 V - 2.5 10 mA VDD = 5.5 V - 2.5 10 mA VDD = 2.3 V - 2.3 11 µA VDD = 3.3 V - 2.9 12 µA - 3.8 15.5 µA - 1.70 2.0 V no load; fSCL = 0 Hz; I/O = inputs; VI = VDD VDD = 5.5 V VPOR power-on reset voltage no load; VI = VDD or VSS [1] Input SCL; input/output SDA VIL LOW-level input voltage −0.5 - +0.3VDD V VIH HIGH-level input voltage 0.7VDD - 5.5 V IOL LOW-level output current VOL = 0.4 V; VDD = 2.3 V 20 - - mA VOL = 0.4 V; VDD = 5.0 V 30 - - mA IL leakage current VI = VDD or VSS −1 - +1 µA Ci input capacitance VI = VSS - 6 10 pF PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 25 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver Table 17. Static characteristics …continued VDD = 2.3 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = −40 °C to +85 °C; unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit LED driver outputs LOW-level output current IOL VOL = 0.5 V; VDD = 2.3 V [2] 12 - - mA VOL = 0.5 V; VDD = 3.0 V [2] 17 - - mA VOL = 0.5 V; VDD = 4.5 V [2] 25 - - mA [2] - - 400 mA IOL(tot) total LOW-level output current VOL = 0.5 V; VDD = 4.5 V IOH HIGH-level output current open-drain; VOH = VDD −50 - +50 µA VOH HIGH-level output voltage IOH = −10 mA; VDD = 2.3 V 1.6 - - V IOH = −10 mA; VDD = 3.0 V 2.3 - - V IOH = −10 mA; VDD = 4.5 V 4.0 - - V output capacitance - 2.5 5 pF VIL LOW-level input voltage −0.5 - +0.8 V VIH HIGH-level input voltage 2 - 5.5 V ILI input leakage current −1 - +1 µA Ci input capacitance - 3.7 5 pF Co OE input Address inputs VIL LOW-level input voltage −0.5 - +0.3VDD V VIH HIGH-level input voltage 0.7VDD - 5.5 ILI input leakage current −1 - +1 µA Ci input capacitance - 3.7 5 pF [1] VDD must be lowered to 0.2 V for at least 5 ns in order to reset part. [2] Each bit must be limited to a maximum of 25 mA and the total package limited to 400 mA due to internal busing limits. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet V © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 26 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 13. Dynamic characteristics Table 18. Dynamic characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions Standard-mode I2C-bus [1] Min Max Fast-mode I2C-bus Fast-mode Plus I2C-bus Min Max Min Max Unit fSCL SCL clock frequency 0 100 0 400 0 1000 tBUF bus free time between a STOP and START condition 4.7 - 1.3 - 0.5 - kHz µs tHD;STA hold time (repeated) START condition 4.0 - 0.6 - 0.26 - µs tSU;STA set-up time for a repeated START condition 4.7 - 0.6 - 0.26 - µs tSU;STO set-up time for STOP condition 4.0 - 0.6 - 0.26 - µs tHD;DAT data hold time 0 - 0 - 0 - ns data valid acknowledge time [2] 0.3 3.45 0.1 0.9 0.05 0.45 µs tVD;DAT data valid time [3] 0.3 3.45 0.1 0.9 0.05 0.45 µs tVD;ACK tSU;DAT data set-up time 250 - 100 - 50 - ns tLOW LOW period of the SCL clock 4.7 - 1.3 - 0.5 - µs tHIGH HIGH period of the SCL clock 4.0 - 0.6 tf fall time of both SDA and SCL signals tr rise time of both SDA and SCL signals tSP pulse width of spikes that must be suppressed by the input filter [4][5] [7] - 0.26 - µs 0.1Cb[6] 300 - 120 ns - 300 20 + - 1000 20 + 0.1Cb[6] 300 - 120 ns - 50 - 50 - 50 ns [1] Minimum SCL clock frequency is limited by the bus time-out feature, which resets the serial bus interface if either SDA or SCL is held LOW for a minimum of 25 ms. Disable bus time-out feature for DC operation. [2] tVD;ACK = time for Acknowledgement signal from SCL LOW to SDA (out) LOW. [3] tVD;DAT = minimum time for SDA data out to be valid following SCL LOW. [4] A master device must internally provide a hold time of at least 300 ns for the SDA signal (refer to the VIL of the SCL signal) in order to bridge the undefined region of SCL’s falling edge. [5] The maximum tf for the SDA and SCL bus lines is specified at 300 ns. The maximum fall time (tf) for the SDA output stage is specified at 250 ns. This allows series protection resistors to be connected between the SDA and the SCL pins and the SDA/SCL bus lines without exceeding the maximum specified tf. [6] Cb = total capacitance of one bus line in pF. [7] Input filters on the SDA and SCL inputs suppress noise spikes less than 50 ns. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 27 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver SDA tr tBUF tf tHD;STA tSP tLOW SCL tHD;STA P tSU;STA tHD;DAT S tHIGH tSU;DAT tSU;STO Sr P 002aaa986 Fig 17. Definition of timing protocol START condition (S) bit 7 MSB (A7) tSU;STA tLOW bit 6 (A6) tHIGH bit 1 (D1) bit 0 (D0) acknowledge (A) STOP condition (P) 1 / fSCL SCL tBUF tr tf SDA tHD;STA tSU;DAT tHD;DAT tVD;ACK tVD;DAT tSU;STO 002aab285 Rise and fall times refer to VIL and VIH. Fig 18. I2C-bus timing diagram 14. Test information VDD PULSE GENERATOR VI VO RL 500 Ω VDD open GND DUT RT CL 50 pF 002aab284 RL = Load resistor for LEDn. RL for SDA and SCL > 1 kΩ (3 mA or less current). CL = Load capacitance includes jig and probe capacitance. RT = Termination resistance should be equal to the output impedance Zo of the pulse generators. Fig 19. Test circuitry for switching times PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 28 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 15. Package outline TSSOP28: plastic thin shrink small outline package; 28 leads; body width 4.4 mm D SOT361-1 E A X c HE y v M A Z 15 28 Q A2 (A 3) A1 pin 1 index A θ Lp 1 L 14 detail X w M bp e 0 2.5 5 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D (1) E (2) e HE L Lp Q v w y Z (1) θ mm 1.1 0.15 0.05 0.95 0.80 0.25 0.30 0.19 0.2 0.1 9.8 9.6 4.5 4.3 0.65 6.6 6.2 1 0.75 0.50 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.13 0.1 0.8 0.5 8 o 0 o Notes 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm maximum per side are not included. 2. Plastic interlead protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION SOT361-1 REFERENCES IEC JEDEC JEITA EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 99-12-27 03-02-19 MO-153 Fig 20. Package outline SOT361-1 (TSSOP28) PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 29 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 16. Handling information All input and output pins are protected against ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) under normal handling. When handling ensure that the appropriate precautions are taken as described in JESD625-A or equivalent standards. 17. Soldering of SMD packages This text provides a very brief insight into a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in Application Note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. 17.1 Introduction to soldering Soldering is one of the most common methods through which packages are attached to Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), to form electrical circuits. The soldered joint provides both the mechanical and the electrical connection. There is no single soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and Surface Mount Devices (SMDs) are mixed on one printed wiring board; however, it is not suitable for fine pitch SMDs. Reflow soldering is ideal for the small pitches and high densities that come with increased miniaturization. 17.2 Wave and reflow soldering Wave soldering is a joining technology in which the joints are made by solder coming from a standing wave of liquid solder. The wave soldering process is suitable for the following: • Through-hole components • Leaded or leadless SMDs, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board Not all SMDs can be wave soldered. Packages with solder balls, and some leadless packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. Also, leaded SMDs with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered, due to an increased probability of bridging. The reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. Leaded packages, packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable. Key characteristics in both wave and reflow soldering are: • • • • • • Board specifications, including the board finish, solder masks and vias Package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation The moisture sensitivity level of the packages Package placement Inspection and repair Lead-free soldering versus SnPb soldering 17.3 Wave soldering Key characteristics in wave soldering are: PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 30 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver • Process issues, such as application of adhesive and flux, clinching of leads, board transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are exposed to the wave • Solder bath specifications, including temperature and impurities 17.4 Reflow soldering Key characteristics in reflow soldering are: • Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 21) than a SnPb process, thus reducing the process window • Solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process window for a mix of large and small components on one board • Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board is heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste characteristic). In addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with Table 19 and 20 Table 19. SnPb eutectic process (from J-STD-020C) Package thickness (mm) Package reflow temperature (°C) Volume (mm3) < 350 ≥ 350 < 2.5 235 220 ≥ 2.5 220 220 Table 20. Lead-free process (from J-STD-020C) Package thickness (mm) Package reflow temperature (°C) Volume (mm3) < 350 350 to 2000 > 2000 < 1.6 260 260 260 1.6 to 2.5 260 250 245 > 2.5 250 245 245 Moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicated on the packing, must be respected at all times. Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow soldering, see Figure 21. PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 31 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver maximum peak temperature = MSL limit, damage level temperature minimum peak temperature = minimum soldering temperature peak temperature time 001aac844 MSL: Moisture Sensitivity Level Fig 21. Temperature profiles for large and small components For further information on temperature profiles, refer to Application Note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. 18. Abbreviations Table 21. Abbreviations Acronym Description CDM Charged Device Model DUT Device Under Test EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference ESD ElectroStatic Discharge HBM Human Body Model I2C-bus Inter-Integrated Circuit bus LED Light Emitting Diode LSB Least Significant Bit MM Machine Model MSB Most Significant Bit NMOS Negative-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor NPN bipolar transistor with N-type emitter and collector and a P-type base PCB Printed-Circuit Board PMOS Positive-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor PNP bipolar transistor with P-type emitter and collector and an N-type base PWM Pulse Width Modulation RGB Red/Green/Blue RGBA Red/Green/Blue/Amber SMBus System Management Bus PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 32 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 19. Revision history Table 22. Revision history Document ID Release date Data sheet status Change notice Supersedes PCA9635_7 20090716 Product data sheet - PCA9635_6 Modifications: • Added type number PCA9635PW/Q900 (affects Table 1 “Ordering information” and Figure 2 “Pin configuration for TSSOP28”) PCA9635_6 20080911 Product data sheet - PCA9635_5 PCA9635_5 20070322 Product data sheet - PCA9635_4 PCA9635_4 20061220 Product data sheet - PCA9635_3 PCA9635_3 20061116 Product data sheet - PCA9635_2 PCA9635_2 20060807 Objective data sheet - PCA9635_1 PCA9635_1 20060419 Objective data sheet - - PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 33 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 20. Legal information 20.1 Data sheet status Document status[1][2] Product status[3] Definition Objective [short] data sheet Development This document contains data from the objective specification for product development. Preliminary [short] data sheet Qualification This document contains data from the preliminary specification. Product [short] data sheet Production This document contains the product specification. [1] Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. [2] The term ‘short data sheet’ is explained in section “Definitions”. [3] The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com. 20.2 Definitions Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Short data sheet — A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. For detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP Semiconductors sales office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail. 20.3 Disclaimers General — Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own risk. Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Limiting values — Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) may cause permanent damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of this document is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Terms and conditions of sale — NXP Semiconductors products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, including those pertaining to warranty, intellectual property rights infringement and limitation of liability, unless explicitly otherwise agreed to in writing by NXP Semiconductors. In case of any inconsistency or conflict between information in this document and such terms and conditions, the latter will prevail. No offer to sell or license — Nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior authorization from national authorities. 20.4 Trademarks Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. I2C-bus — logo is a trademark of NXP B.V. 21. Contact information For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] PCA9635_7 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 07 — 16 July 2009 34 of 35 PCA9635 NXP Semiconductors 16-bit Fm+ I2C-bus LED driver 22. Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.1 6.2 7 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.3.6 7.3.7 7.3.8 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 8 8.1 8.1.1 8.2 8.3 9 10 11 12 13 14 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Device addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Regular I2C-bus slave address . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 LED all call I2C-bus address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 LED sub call I2C-bus addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Software reset I2C-bus address . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Control register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Register definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Mode register 1, MODE1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Mode register 2, MODE2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 PWM0 to PWM15, individual brightness control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 GRPPWM, group duty cycle control . . . . . . . . 12 GRPFREQ, group frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 LEDOUT0 to LEDOUT3, LED driver output state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 SUBADR1 to SUBADR3, I2C-bus subaddress 1 to 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ALLCALLADR, LED All Call I2C-bus address. 14 Active LOW output enable input . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Power-on reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Software reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Using the PCA9635 with and without external drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Individual brightness control with group dimming/blinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Characteristics of the I2C-bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Bit transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 START and STOP conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 System configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Bus transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Application design-in information . . . . . . . . . 23 Limiting values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Static characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Test information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 15 16 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 18 19 20 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 21 22 Package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Handling information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soldering of SMD packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction to soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wave and reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wave soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reflow soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disclaimers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 33 34 34 34 34 34 34 35 Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’. © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] Date of release: 16 July 2009 Document identifier: PCA9635_7