ONSEMI CS8191XNF16

CS8191
Precision Air-Core
Tach/Speedo Driver with
Short Circuit Protection
The CS8191 is specifically designed for use with 4 quadrant
air–core meter movements. The IC includes an input comparator for
sensing input frequency such as vehicle speed or engine RPM, a
charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap reference
for stable operation and a function generator with sine and cosine
amplifiers that differentially drive the meter coils.
The CS8191 has a higher torque output and better output signal
symmetry than other competitive parts (CS289, and LM1819). It is
protected against short circuit and overvoltage (60 V) fault conditions.
Enhanced circuitry permits functional operation down to 8.0 V.
Features
Direct Sensor Input
High Output Torque
Wide Output Voltage Range
High Impedance Inputs
Accurate Down to 10 V VCC
Fault Protection
– Overvoltage
– Short Circuit
– Low Voltage Operation
• Internally Fused Leads in DIP–16 and SO–20L Packages
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20
16
1
1
SO–20L
DWF SUFFIX
CASE 751D
DIP–16
NF SUFFIX
CASE 648
•
•
•
•
•
•
PIN CONNECTIONS AND
MARKING DIAGRAM
DIP–16
1
16
VCC
F/VOUT
CP+
CP–
CS8191XNF16
AWLYYWW
VREG
BIAS
GND
GND
COS–
SINE–
GND
GND
COS+
SINE+
FREQIN
SQOUT
1
A
WL, L
YY, Y
WW, W
SO–20L
CS–8191
AWLYYWW
VCC
VREG
BIAS
NC
GND
GND
NC
COS–
SIN–
FREQIN
20
F/VOUT
CP+
CP–
NC
GND
GND
NC
COS+
SIN+
SQOUT
= Assembly Location
= Wafer Lot
= Year
= Work Week
ORDERING INFORMATION
 Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001
March, 2001 – Rev. 4
1
Device
Package
Shipping
CS8191XNF16
DIP–16
25 Units/Rail
CS8191XDWF20
SO–20L
37 Units/Rail
CS8191XDWFR20
SO–20L
1000 Tape & Reel
Publication Order Number:
CS8191/D
CS8191
BIAS
Charge Pump
CP+
F/VOUT
+
-
CP–
SQOUT
Input
Comp.
VREG
+
-
FREQIN
Voltage
Regulator
GND
GND
VREG
7.0 V
GND
GND
SINE+
COS+
COS
Output
+
+
Function
Generator
+
-
+
-
SINE
Output
SINE–
COS–
High Voltage, Short
Circuit Protection
VCC
Figure 1. Block Diagram
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Rating
Value
Unit
60
24
V
V
Operating Temperature Range
–40 to +105
°C
Junction Temperature Range
–40 to +150
°C
Storage Temperature Range
–55 to +165
°C
4.0
kV
260 peak
230 peak
°C
°C
Supply Voltage, VCC
< 100 ms Pulse Transient
Continuous
Elecrostatic Discharge (Human Body Model)
Lead Temperature Soldering:
Wave Solder (through hole styles only) (Note 1.)
Reflow: (SMD styles only) (Note 2.)
1. 10 seconds maximum.
2. 60 second maximum above 183°C.
*The maximum package power dissipation must be observed.
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2
CS8191
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 105°C, 8.0 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V, unless otherwise specified.)
Characteristic
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
–
70
125
mA
–
8.0
13.1
16
V
Positive Input Threshold
–
2.4
2.7
3.0
V
Negative Input Threshold
–
2.0
2.3
–
V
Input Hysteresis
–
200
400
1000
mV
–
–2.0
±10
µA
0
–
20
kHz
–1.0
–
VCC
V
Supply Voltage Section
ICC Supply Current
VCC = 16 V, –40°C, No Load
VCC Normal Operation Range
Input Comparator Section
Input Bias Current (Note 3.)
0 V ≤ VIN ≤ 8.0 V
Input Frequency Range
–
Input Voltage Range
in series with 1.0 kΩ
Output VSAT
ICC = 10 mA
–
0.15
0.40
V
Output Leakage
VCC = 7.0 V
–
–
10
µA
–
2.0
–
–
V
Output Voltage
–
6.50
7.00
7.50
V
Output Load Current
–
–
–
10
mA
Logic 0 Input Voltage
Voltage Regulator Section
Output Load Regulation
0 to 10 mA
–
10
50
mV
Output Line Regulation
8.0 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V
–
20
150
mV
Power Supply Rejection
VCC = 13.1 V, 1.0 VP/P 1.0 kHz
34
46
–
dB
Charge Pump Section
Inverting Input Voltage
–
1.5
2.0
2.5
V
Input Bias Current
–
–
40
150
nA
VBIAS Input Voltage
–
1.5
2.0
2.5
V
–
0.7
1.1
V
–0.10
0.28
+0.70
%
Non Invert. Input Voltage
IIN = 1.0 mA
Linearity (Note 4.)
@ 0, 87.5, 175, 262.5, + 350 Hz
F/VOUT Gain
@ 350 Hz, CCP = 0.0033 µF,
RT = 243 kΩ
7.0
10
13
mV/Hz
Norton Gain, Positive
IIN = 15 µA
0.9
1.0
1.1
I/I
Norton Gain, Negative
IIN = 15 µA
0.9
1.0
1.1
I/I
Function Generator Section: –40C TA 85°C, VCC = 13.1 V unless otherwise noted.
Differential Drive Voltage
(VCOS+ – VCOS–)
10 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V
Θ = 0°
7.5
8.0
8.5
V
Differential Drive Voltage
(VSIN+ – VSIN–)
10 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V
Θ = 90°
7.5
8.0
8.5
V
Differential Drive Voltage
(VCOS+ – VCOS–)
10 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V
Θ = 180°
–8.5
–8.0
–7.5
V
Differential Drive Voltage
(VSIN+ – VSIN–)
10 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V
Θ = 270°
–8.5
–8.0
–7.5
V
3. Input is clamped by an internal 12 V Zener.
4. Applies to % of full scale (270°).
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CS8191
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 105°C, 8.0 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V, unless otherwise specified.)
Characteristic
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Function Generator Section: –40C TA 85°C, VCC = 13.1 V unless otherwise noted. (continued)
Differential Drive Load
10 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V, –40°C
25°C
105°C
Zero Hertz Output Voltage
–
178
239
314
–
–
–
–
–
–
Ω
Ω
Ω
–0.08
0
+0.08
V
Function Generator Error (Note 5.)
Reference Figures 2, 3, 4, 5
Θ = 0° to 225°
Θ = 226° to 305°
–2.0
–3.0
0
0
+2.0
+3.0
deg
deg
Function Generator Error
13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V
–1.0
0
+1.0
deg
Function Generator Error
13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 10 V
–1.0
0
+1.0
deg
Function Generator Error
13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 8.0 V
–7.0
0
+7.0
deg
Function Generator Error
25°C ≤ TA ≤ 80°C
–2.0
0
+2.0
deg
Function Generator Error
25°C ≤ TA ≤ 105°C
–4.0
0
+4.0
deg
Function Generator Error
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 25°C
–2.0
0
+2.0
deg
Function Generator Gain
TA = 25°C, Θ vs F/VOUT,
60
77
95
°/V
5. Deviation from nominal per Table 1 after calibration at 0° and 270°.
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
PACKAGE PIN #
DIP–16
SO–20L
PIN SYMBOL
1
1
VCC
Ignition or battery supply voltage.
2
2
VREG
Voltage regulator output.
3
3
BIAS
Test point or zero adjustment.
4, 5, 12, 13
5, 6, 15, 16
GND
Ground Connections.
6
8
COS–
Negative cosine output signal.
7
9
SIN–
Negative sine output signal.
8
10
FREQIN
Speed or RPM input signal.
9
11
SQOUT
Buffered square wave output signal.
10
12
SIN+
Positive sine output signal.
11
13
COS+
Positive cosine output signal.
14
18
CP–
Negative input to charge pump.
15
19
CP+
Positive input to charge pump.
16
20
F/VOUT
–
4, 7, 14, 17
NC
FUNCTION
Output voltage proportional to input signal frequency.
No connection.
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CS8191
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
FVOUT 2.0 V 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (VREG 0.7 V)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
7
6
COS
F/V Output (V)
Output Voltage (V)
7
5
4
3
2
1
SIN
0
45
90
135
180
225
Degrees of Deflection (°)
270
0
315
0
Figure 2. Function Generator Output Voltage vs.
Degrees of Deflection
135
180
225
270
Frequency/Output Angle (°)
Angle
–7.0 V
7.0 V
Deviation (°)
Θ
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
–0.25
–0.50
(VCOS+) – (VCOS–)
–0.75
–1.00
–1.25
–7.0 V
–1.50
0
Figure 4. Output Angle in Polar Form
45
90
225
135
180
Theoretical Angle (°)
270
Figure 5. Nominal Output Deviation
45
Ideal Angle (Degrees)
40
35
30
25
20
Ideal Degrees
15
Nominal Degrees
10
5
0
1
5
9
13
315
1.50
1.25
7.0 V
SIN VSIN VVCOS
VCOS 90
Figure 3. Charge Pump Output Voltage vs.
Output Angle
(VSINE+) – (VSINE–)
ARCTAN
45
17
25
29
21
Nominal Angle (Degrees)
33
37
Figure 6. Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After Calibrating at 180)
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5
41
45
315
CS8191
Table 1. Function Generator Output Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After Calibrating at 270)
Ideal Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
0
0
17
17.98
34
33.04
75
74.00
160
159.14
245
244.63
1
1.09
18
18.96
35
34.00
80
79.16
165
164.00
250
249.14
2
2.19
19
19.92
36
35.00
85
84.53
170
169.16
255
254.00
3
3.29
20
20.86
37
36.04
90
90.00
175
174.33
260
259.16
4
4.38
21
21.79
38
37.11
95
95.47
180
180.00
265
264.53
5
5.47
22
22.71
39
38.21
100
100.84
185
185.47
270
270.00
6
6.56
23
23.61
40
39.32
105
106.00
190
190.84
275
275.47
7
7.64
24
24.50
41
40.45
110
110.86
195
196.00
280
280.84
8
8.72
25
25.37
42
41.59
115
115.37
200
200.86
285
286.00
9
9.78
26
26.23
43
42.73
120
119.56
205
205.37
290
290.86
10
10.84
27
27.07
44
43.88
125
124.00
210
209.56
295
295.37
11
11.90
28
27.79
45
45.00
130
129.32
215
214.00
300
299.21
12
12.94
29
28.73
50
50.68
135
135.00
220
219.32
305
303.02
13
13.97
30
29.56
55
56.00
140
140.68
225
225.00
14
14.99
31
30.39
60
60.44
145
146.00
230
230.58
15
16.00
32
31.24
65
64.63
150
150.44
235
236.00
16
17.00
33
32.12
70
69.14
155
154.63
240
240.44
Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION and APPLICATION NOTES
The CS8191 is specifically designed for use with air–core
meter movements. It includes an input comparator for
sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed
sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion,
a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a
function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to
differentially drive the meter coils.
From the partial schematic of Figure 7, the input signal is
applied to the FREQIN lead, this is the input to a high
impedance comparator with a typical positive input
threshold of 2.7 V and typical hysteresis of 0.4 V. The output
of the comparator, SQOUT, is applied to the charge pump
input CP+ through an external capacitor CCP. When the
input signal changes state, CCP is charged or discharged
through R3 and R4. The charge accumulated on CCP is
mirrored to C4 by the Norton Amplifier circuit comprising
of Q1, Q2 and Q3. The charge pump output voltage, F/VOUT,
ranges from 2.0 V to 6.3 V depending on the input signal
frequency and the gain of the charge pump according to the
formula:
on–chip amplifier and function generator circuitry. The
various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°)
are determined by an internal resistor divider and the
bandgap voltage reference. The coils are differentially
driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs,
thus providing up to 305° range of meter deflection. Driving
the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher
current capability, higher output voltage swings, and
reduced external component count. The key advantage is a
higher torque output for the pointer.
The output angle, Θ, is equal to the F/V gain multiplied by
the function generator gain:
AFV AFG,
where:
AFG 77°V(typ)
The relationship between input frequency and output
angle is:
AFG 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (VREG 0.7 V)
FVOUT 2.0 V 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (VREG 0.7 V)
or,
RT is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the F/V
output stage and give the correct meter deflection. The F/V
output voltage is applied to the function generator which
generates the sine and cosine output voltages. The output
voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the
970 FREQ CCP RT
The ripple voltage at the F/V converter’s output is
determined by the ratio of CCP and C4 in the formula:
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CCP(VREG 0.7 V)
C4
CS8191
will reduce the ripple on the F/V output but will also increase
the response time. An increase in response time causes a
very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for
many applications.
Ripple voltage on the F/V output causes pointer or needle
flutter especially at low input frequencies.
The response time of the F/V is determined by the time
constant formed by RT and C4. Increasing the value of C4
VREG
2.0 V
F/VOUT
+
R3
–
0.25 V
+
SQOUT
FREQIN
VC(t)
Q3
CP–
RT
–
R4
CCP
CP+
C4
+
Q1
QSQUARE
Q2
–
2.7 V
Figure 7. Partial Schematic of Input and Charge Pump
T
tDCHG
tCHG
VCC
FREQIN 0
VREG
SQOUT
F to V
0
ICP+
VCP+
0
Figure 8. Timing Diagram of FREQIN and ICP
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CS8191
D1
R1
1.0 A,
600 PIV
3.9,
500 mW
1 VCC
D2
50 V,
500 mW Zener
C1
0.1 µF
F/VOUT
VREG
CP+
BIAS
CP–
CS8191
Battery
GND
GND
GND
R2
RT
Trim Resistor,
+/–20 PPM/°C
+
GND
R4
1.0 kΩ
GND
COS–
COS+
SINE–
SINE+
FREQIN
10 kΩ
C4
0.47 µF
R3
3.0 kΩ
CCP
0.0033 µF,
+/–30 PPM/°C
SQOUT
SINE
C3
0.1 µF
Typical Speedometer
Input
COSINE
Air Core
Gauge
Speedometer
Notes:
1. The product of C4 and RT have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly
affect temperature compensation.
2. C4 Range; 20 pF to 0.2 µF.
3. R4 Range; 100 kΩ to 500 kΩ.
4. The IC must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions.
5. Additional filtering on the FREQIN lead may be required.
6. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible (≤ 3.0 inch)
for best pointer stability.
Figure 9. Speedometer or Tachometer Application
Design Example
CCP must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of
the input signal. Time for one cycle at maximum frequency
is 2.85 ms. To ensure that CCP is charged, assume that the
(R3 + R4) CCP time constant is less than 10% of the
minimum input period.
Maximum meter Deflection = 270°
Maximum Input Frequency = 350 Hz
1. Select RT and CCP
970 FREQ CCP RT
T 10% Let CCP = 0.0033 µF, find RT
RT 1
285s
350 Hz
Choose R4 = 1.0 kΩ.
Discharge time: tDCHG= R3 × CCP = 3.3 kΩ × 0.0033 µF
= 10.9 µs
Charge time: tCHG = (R3 + R4)CCP = 4.3 kΩ. × 0.0033 µF
= 14.2 µs
3. Determine C4
C4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable
ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement.
270°
970 350 Hz 0.0033 F
RT 243 k
RT should be a 250 kΩ potentiometer to trim out any
inaccuracies due to IC tolerances or meter movement
pointer placement.
2. Select R3 and R4
Resistor R3 sets the output current from the voltage
regulator. The maximum output current from the voltage
regulator is 10 mA. R3 must ensure that the current does not
exceed this limit.
Choose R3 = 3.3 kΩ
The charge current for CCP is
C4 CCP(VREG 0.7 V)
VMAX
With C4 = 0.47 µF, the F/V ripple voltage is 44 mV.
Figure 10 shows how the CS8191 and the CS8441 are
used to produce a Speedometer and Odometer circuit.
VREG 0.7 V
1.90 mA
3.3 k
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CS8191
D1
R1
1.0 A,
600 PIV
3.9,
500 mW
1 VCC
D2
50 V,
500 mW Zener
VREG
CP+
BIAS
CP–
GND
C1
0.1 µF
GND
F/VOUT
CS8191
Battery
GND
R2
RT
Trim Resistor,
+/–20 PPM/°C
+
GND
R4
1.0 kΩ
GND
COS–
COS+
SINE–
SINE+
FREQIN
10 kΩ
C4
0.47 µF
CCP
0.0033 µF,
+/–30 PPM/°C
SQOUT
SINE
C3
0.1 µF
Typical Speedometer
Input
COSINE
C2
10 µF
Air Core
Gauge
Speedometer
1
CS8441
Air Core
Stepper Motor
200 Ω
Odometer
Notes:
1. The product of C4and RT have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly
affect temperature compensation.
2. C4 Range; 20 pF to 0.2 µF.
3. R4 Range; 100 kΩ to 500 kΩ.
4. The IC must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions.
5. Additional filtering on the FREQIN lead may be required.
6. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible (≤ 3.0 inch)
for best pointer stability.
Figure 10. Speedometer With Odometer or Tachometer Application
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R3
3.0 kΩ
CS8191
In some cases a designer may wish to use the CS8191 only
as a driver for an air–core meter having performed the F/V
conversion elsewhere in the circuit.
Figure 11 shows how to drive the CS8191 with a DC
voltage ranging from 2.0 V to 6.0 V. This is accomplished by
forcing a voltage on the F/VOUT lead. The alternative scheme
shown in Figure 12 uses an external op amp as a buffer and
operates over an input voltage range of 0 V to 4.0 V.
Figures 11 and 12 are not temperature compensated.
CS8191
100 kΩ
100 kΩ
VIN
0 V to 4.0 V DC
VREG
100 kΩ
+
BIAS
+
–
10 kΩ
–
CP–
F/VOUT
CS8191
100 kΩ
CP–
–
100 kΩ
+
10 kΩ
VIN
2.0 V to 6.0 V DC
N/C
Figure 12. Driving the CS8191 from an External
DC Voltage Using an Op Amp Buffer
BIAS
F/VOUT
Figure 11. Driving the CS8191 from an External
DC Voltage
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CS8191
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
DIP–16
NF SUFFIX
CASE 648–08
ISSUE R
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.
5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.
–A–
16
9
1
8
B
F
C
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
S
L
S
–T–
SEATING
PLANE
K
H
G
D
M
J
16 PL
0.25 (0.010)
T A
M
M
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.740
0.770
0.250
0.270
0.145
0.175
0.015
0.021
0.040
0.70
0.100 BSC
0.050 BSC
0.008
0.015
0.110
0.130
0.295
0.305
0
10 0.020
0.040
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
18.80
19.55
6.35
6.85
3.69
4.44
0.39
0.53
1.02
1.77
2.54 BSC
1.27 BSC
0.21
0.38
2.80
3.30
7.50
7.74
0
10 0.51
1.01
SO–20L
DWF SUFFIX
CASE 751D–05
ISSUE F
20
11
X 45 h
1
10
20X
B
B
0.25
DIM
A
A1
B
C
D
E
e
H
h
L
M
T A
S
B
S
A
L
H
M
E
0.25
10X
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
2. INTERPRET DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
3. DIMENSIONS D AND E DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD
PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE PROTRUSION SHALL
BE 0.13 TOTAL IN EXCESS OF B DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
A
B
M
D
18X
e
A1
SEATING
PLANE
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
2.35
2.65
0.10
0.25
0.35
0.49
0.23
0.32
12.65
12.95
7.40
7.60
1.27 BSC
10.05
10.55
0.25
0.75
0.50
0.90
0
7
C
T
PACKAGE THERMAL DATA
DIP–16
Parameter
SO–20L
Unit
RΘJC
Typical
15
9
°C/W
RΘJA
Typical
50
55
°C/W
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11
CS8191
ON Semiconductor and
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