ONSEMI NCP100

NCP100
Sub 1.0 V Precision
Adjustable Shunt Regulator
The NCP100 is a precision low voltage shunt regulator that is
programmable over a voltage range of 0.9 V to 6.0 V. This device
features a guaranteed reference accuracy of ±1.7% at 25°C and ±2.6%
over the entire temperature range of −40°C to 85°C. The NCP100
exhibits a sharp low current turn−on characteristic with a low dynamic
impedance of 0.20 over an operating current range of 100 A to
20 mA. These characteristics make this device an ideal replacement
for zener diodes in numerous application circuits that require a precise
low voltage reference. When combined with an optocoupler, the
NCP100 can be used as an error amplifier for controlling the feedback
loop in isolated low output voltage (2.3 V) switching power supplies.
This device is available in an economical space saving
TSOP−5 package.
Features
Programmable Output Voltage Range of 0.9 V to 6.0 V
Voltage Reference Tolerance of ±1.7%
Sharp Low Current Turn−ON Characteristic
Low Dynamic Output Impedance of 0.2 from 100 A to 20 mA
Wide Operating Current Range of 80 A to 20 mA
Space Saving TSOP−5 Package
Pb−Free Package is Available
5
1
TSOP−5
SN SUFFIX
CASE 483
PIN CONNECTIONS AND
MARKING DIAGRAM
NC
1
Anode
2
Cathode
3
Anode
4
Reference
(Top View)
RAB = Device Code
Y
= Year
W = Work Week
Applications
•
•
•
•
5
RABYW
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Reference for Single Cell Alkaline, NiCD and NiMH Applications
Low Output Voltage (2.3 V) Switching Power Supply Error Amp
Battery Powered Consumer Products
Portable Test Equipment and Instrumentation
ORDERING INFORMATION
Cathode (K)
NCP100SNT1
Cathode (K)
NCP100SNT1G
Reference
(R)
Reference
(R)
Device
Package
Shipping†
TSOP−5
3000 / Tape & Reel
TSOP−5
(Pb−Free)
3000 / Tape & Reel
†For information on tape and reel specifications,
including part orientation and tape sizes, please
refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications
Brochure, BRD8011/D.
0.7 V
Anode (A)
Anode (A)
Figure 1. Symbol
Figure 2. Representative Block Diagram
 Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2004
July, 2004 − Rev. 8
1
Publication Order Number:
NCP100/D
NCP100
MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
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Rating
Symbol
Value
Unit
VKA
7.0
V
IK
−20 to 25
mA
Reference Input Current Range, Continuous (Note 1)
IREF
−0.05 to 2.0
mA
Thermal Resistance Junction−to−Air
RJA
225
°C/W
Operating Junction Temperature Range
TJ
−40 to 125
°C
Storage Temperature Range
Tstg
−65 to 150
°C
Cathode to Anode Voltage (Note 1)
Cathode Current Range, Continuous (Note 2)
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit
values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied,
damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
1. This device series contains ESD protection and exceeds the following tests:
Human Body Model 4000 V per JESD−22, Method A114B.
Machine Model Method 400 V.
2. The maximum package power dissipation limit must not be exceeded.
TJ(max) TA
PD RJA
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
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Condition
Cathode to Anode Voltage Range
Cathode Current Range
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2
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
VKA
0.9
6.0
V
IK
0.1
20
mA
NCP100
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
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Characteristic
Symbol
Reference Voltage (IKA = 10 mA, Figure 3)
VKA = 0.9 V
TA = 25°C
TA = 0°C to 70°C
TA = −40°C to 85°C
VKA = 1.0 V
TA = 25°C
TA = 0°C to 70°C
TA = −40°C to 85°C
Min
Typ
Max
VREF
Reference Input Voltage Change Over Temperature
VKA = 1.0 V, IK = 10 mA, TA = −40°C to 85°C, Figure 3 (Notes 3, 4)
VREF
Reference Input Voltage Change Over Programmed Cathode Voltage
(IK = 10 mA, Figure 3)
VKA = 0.9 V to 1.0 V
VKA = 1.0 V to 6.0 V
Regline
Ratio of Reference Input Voltage Change to Cathode Voltage Change
VKA = 0.9 V to 6.0 V, IK = 10 mA, Figure 3
VREF
Unit
V
0.684
0.682
0.678
0.696
−
−
0.708
0.710
0.714
0.686
0.684
0.680
0.698
−
−
0.710
0.712
0.716
−
1.0
12
mV
mV
−3.0
0
0.2
6.7
3.0
12
−
1.3
2.4
mV/V
IREF
−100
−30
100
nA
Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation
IK(min)
−
80
−
A
Cathode Off−State Current (VKA = 6.0 V, VREF = 0 V)
IK(off)
−
70
90
A
Dynamic Output Impedance
VKA = 1.0 V, IK = 100 A to 20 mA, f 1.0 kHz, Figure 3
|ZKA|
−
0.2
−
Reference Input Current (VKA = 1.0 V, IK = 10 mA)
VKA
3. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during testing to maintain the junction temperatures as close to ambient as possible.
4. The VREF parameter is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the ambient temperature range
of −40°C to 85°C.
VREF (max)
VREF = VREF (max) − VREF (min)
TA = T2 − T1
VREF (min)
T1
T2
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
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NCP100
1.0 k
1.0 k
Vin
Vin
VKA
IK
R1
VKA
IK
10 k
+
+
CL
VREF
100 k
VREF
R2
Figure 3. General Test Circuit
Figure 4. Test Circuit for Reference Input Voltage
Change vs. Cathode Voltage
110 k
1.0 k
R1
50 k
IK
Output
+
VKA
+
Input
100 k
22 F
100 k
0.1 F 0.01 F
VKA = 0.9 V
Figure 6. Test Circuit for Spectral Noise Density
2.0
IK = 250 A
f 1.0 kHz
CL = 22 F
Figure 3
CATHODE VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
Figure 5. Test Circuit for Dynamic Impedance vs.
Frequency
1.0
VKA = 1.0 V
0
VKA = 6.0 V
−1.0
−50
−25
0
25
IK
R1
CL
+
22 F
50
75
100
1.0
VKA = 0.9 V
VKA = 1.0 V
0
VKA = 6.0 V
VKA = 0.9 V
−1.0
VKA = 6.0 V
−2.0
−50
125
IK = 250 A
f 1.0 kHz
CL = 22 F
Figure 3
TA, TEMPERATURE (C°)
−25
0
25
50
75
100
TA, TEMPERATURE (C°)
Figure 7. Reference Input Voltage Change vs.
Ambient Temperature
Figure 8. Cathode Voltage Change vs.
Ambient Temperature
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4
125
NCP100
200
15
VKA = 1.0 V
CL = 3.3 F
TA = 25°C
Figure 3
IK, CATHODE CURRENT (A)
IK, CATHODE CURRENT (mA)
20
10
5.0
0
−5.0
−10
−0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
VKA = 1.0 V
CL = 3.3 F
TA = 25°C
Figure 3
150
100
50
0
−50
−100
−0.6 −0.4
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
−0.2
0
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
10
6.0
|ZKA|, DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE ()
IK = 10 mA
CL = 22 F
TA = 25°C
Figure 4
4.0
2.0
0
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
VKA = 1.0 V
IK = 9.5 mA to 10.5 mA
CL = 3.3 F
TA = 25°C
Figure 5
1.0
0.1
0.01
1.0
10
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
50
60
PHASE
0
10
−60
VKA = 1.0 V
IK = 10 mA
TA = 25°C
1.0k
10k
100k
10k
706
EXCESS PHASE (°)
VREF, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (mV)
30
100
1.0k
Figure 12. Dynamic Impedance vs. Frequency
120
GAIN
−10
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 11. Reference Input Voltage Change vs.
Cathode Voltage
AV, VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
0.4
Figure 10. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
8.0
−30
10
0.2
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 9. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
VREF, REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE
CHANGE (mV)
IK(min)
−120
1.0 M
TA = −40°C
700
= 25°C
694
f ≤ 1.0 kHz
CL = 3.3 F
Figure 3
= 70°C
688
= 85°C
= 105°C
682
50
FREQUENCY (Hz)
100
150
200
250
300
IK, CATHODE CURRENT (A)
Figure 13. Small−Signal Voltage Gain and
Phase vs. Frequency
Figure 14. Reference Voltage vs. Cathode Current
for VKA = 0.9 V
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NCP100
708
VREF, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (mV)
VREF, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (mV)
698
TA = −40°C
697
= 25°C
= 70°C
= 85°C = 105°C
f ≤1.0 kHz
CL = 3.3 F
Figure 3
696
50
100
150
200
250
300
= 105°C
704
700
= 70°C = 85°C
= 25°C
TA = −40°C
696
692
50
100
IK, CATHODE CURRENT (A)
150
200
250
300
IK, CATHODE CURRENT (A)
Figure 15. Reference Voltage vs. Cathode Current
for VKA = 1.0 V
Figure 16. Reference Voltage vs. Cathode Current
for VKA = 6.0 V
714
1000
= 85°C
710
= 70°C
= 25°C
706
= −40°C
702
698
694
f ≤ 1.0 kHz
Figure 3
CL = 22 F
TA = −40°C
690
0
2.0
VKA = 1.0 V
IK = 10 mA
CL = 3.3 F
TA = 25°C
Figure 6
= 105°C
NOISE VOLTAGE (nV/Hz)
VREF, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (mV)
f ≤ 1.0 kHz
CL = 22 F
Figure 3
4.0
800
600
400
200
0
10
6.0
100
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
1.0 k
10 k
100 k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 17. Reference Voltage vs. Cathode Current
Figure 18. Spectral Noise Density
IK = 10 mA
CL = 3.3 F
TA = 25°C
1.0
5.0
VKA (V)
IK = 0.08 mA to 30 mA
CESR ≤ 4.0 TA = −40°C to 85°C
UNSTABLE
OPERATION
4.0
0.5
3.0
STABLE
OPERATION
2.0
0
VIN (V)
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
6.0
1.0
NON−OPERATIONAL
2.0
0
0
1.0
10
100
0
CL, LOAD CAPACITANCE (F)
200
400
600
800
1000 1200 1400 1600
t, TURN−ON TIME (s)
Figure 19. Stability Boundary Conditions
Figure 20. Turn−On Time
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NCP100
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
In Figure 21, the input resistor (Rin) is nominally set to
1.0 k For proper operation, once Vin, R1 and R2 are set,
the resistance and power value of Rin can be determined by
the following equation.
The NCP100 is an adjustable shunt regulator similar to the
industry standard 431−type regulators. Each device is laser
trimmed at wafer probe to allow for tight reference accuracy
and low reference voltage shift over the full operating
temperature range of −40°C to +85°C (Figure 7).
The nominal value for the reference is 0.698 V. This lower
voltage allows the device to be used in low voltage
applications where the traditional 1.25 V and 2.5 V
references are not suitable.
Rin
Rin LOAD
IK
R1
Once these values are determined, it should be verified
that the minimum and maximum values of IK are within the
recommended range of 0.1 mA to 20 mA under the worst
case conditions.
For stability, the NCP100 requires an output capacitor
between the cathode and anode. Figure 19 shows the
capacitance boundary values required for stable operation
across the −40°C to 85°C temperature range. The goal is to
remain to the right of the curve for any programmed cathode
voltages. For example, if the VKA is programmed to 1.0 V,
then a load capacitor value of 3.0 F or greater would be
selected. The load capacitor’s Equivalent Series Resistance,
ESR, should be less than 4.0 . Both the capacitance and
ESR values should be checked across the anticipated
application temperature range to insure that the values meet
the requirements stated above.
VREF
Figure 21. Typical Application Circuit
The typical application circuit for this device is shown in
Figure 21. The cathode voltage can be programmed between
0.9 V to 6.0 V to allow for proper operation by setting the
R1/R2 resistor divider network values. The following
equation can be used in calculating the cathode voltage
(VKA). Note, if VKA is known then the ratio of R1 and R2
can be determined from this equation as well.
V
Pin (Iin)2 Rin
CL
R2
KA IK IL R R
1
2
The maximum current that will flow through Rin must be
determined. This is the sum of the maximum values of cathode
current, resistor divider network current, and load current. With
Vin, set, the difference (Vin−VKA) is now constant. This value
is divided by the maximum current calculated above to arrive
at the value of Rin. Once the value of Rin is calculated, it’s
minimum power rating is easily derived by:
VKA
Vin
Vin VKA
VKA VREF 1 R1 IREF R1
R2
The table below shows the required R1/R2 values using
1.0% resistors for commonly used voltages.
VKA
(V)
R1
(k)
R2
(k)
0.9
30
100
1.0
43.2
100
1.8
158
100
Vin
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3.3
374
100
5.0
619
100
6.0
750
100
Because the error amplifier is a CMOS design the value
of IREF is extremely low allowing it to be neglected for most
applications. The low IREF also allows for higher R1 and R2
values keeping current consumption very low.
The NCP100 is especially well suited for lower voltage
applications, particularly at VKA = 1.0 V. As is seen in
Figures 7 and 8, this device exhibits excellent cathode and
reference voltage flatness across the −40°C to +85°C
temperature range.
1.0 k
Vcomp
Iin
Rcomp
R1
VKA
IK
+
CL
100 k
VREF
Figure 22. Negative Dynamic Impedance Circuit
One unique use for the NCP100 is that it can be configured
for negative dynamic impedance as shown in Figure 22.
This circuit is equivalent to Figure 21 with the addition of a
small value resistor Rcomp in the cathode circuit. The
regulated voltage output remains across the NCP100
cathode and anode leads. The voltage programming and
stability requirements remain the same as in the typical
application shown in Figure 21.
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NCP100
The circuit performs the same as the one in Figure 21 with
the exception of the effects of Rcomp. As IK increases, the
voltage across Rcomp also increases by:
Figure 23 shows this phenomenon for a program voltage
of 1.0 V. The NCP100 intrinsic positive dynamic impedance
response is the Rcomp = 0 curve. A 0 dynamic
impedance regulator response is realized with Rcomp =
0.15 . Negative dynamic impedance responses are
achieved with Rcomp 0.15 Figure 24 shows the characteristic at a programmed VKA
of 6.0 V. The 0 dynamic impedance value corresponds to
Rcomp = 2.9 .
Figure 25 shows the dynamic impedance versus cathode
compensation resistance for programmed voltages of 1.0 V,
3.3 V and 6.0 V. It can be seen that any value up to the
positive intrinsic dynamic impedance of the NCP100 can be
realized. The other limit is that with a high enough negative
dynamic impedance, the NCP100 V may drop below the
minimum operating VKA voltage of 0.9 V, which can result
in unpredictable performance.
Vcomp IKA Rcomp
Vcomp effectively adjusts the NCP100 programmed VKA
voltage slightly down since the R1/R2 voltage divider will
try to hold the point it is connected to at the programmed
voltage. The regulator VKA will now be lowered by the
value of the Vcomp. This effect can compensate for the
NCP100’s intrinsic positive impedance versus cathode
current (IK) to allow for 0 or even a negative dynamic
impedance.
Rcomp= 3.1 20
= 1.5 IK, CATHODE CURRENT (mA)
IK, CATHODE CURRENT (mA)
20
= 0.15 15
10
5.0
=0
Rcomp
0
0.15
1.5
3.1
|ZKA|
0.2
0
−1.4
−1.6
IK = 0.1 mA to 20 mA
TA = 25° C
Figure 22
0
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
= 4.4 = 1.5 15
=0
10
5.0
IK = 0.1 to 20 mA
TA = 25° C
Figure 22
5.96
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
5.98
6.02
6.04
6.06
Figure 24. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage for
Programmed VKA = 6.0 V
3.0
|ZKA|, DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE ()
6.00
|ZKA|
2.9
1.4
0
−1.6
−2.9
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 23. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage for
Programmed VKA = 1.0 V
IK = 1.0 mA to 20 mA
f ≤1.0 kHz
Figure 22
TA = 25° C
2.0
= 6.0 V
1.0
= 3.3 V
0
−1.0
VKA= 1.0 V
−2.0
−3.0
0
Rcomp
0
1.5
2.9
4.4
5.8
Rcomp= 5.8 0
5.94
1.01
= 2.9 1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Rcomp, CATHODE COMPENSATION RESISTANCE ()
Figure 25. Dynamic Impedance vs. Cathode
Compensation Resistance
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8
5.0
NCP100
Vin
Rin
Vin
Vout
Vout
R1
R1
R2
V out R2
1 R1
VREF
R2
V out min 0.9 V V
V out 1 R1
VREF
R2
V out min V
be
REF
Figure 27. Low Dropout Series Pass Regulator
+
Figure 26. High Current Shunt Regulator
1/2
Opto
AC Line
Input
R1
Isolated
DC
Output
NCP
100
−
+
−
+
1/2
Opto
R2
−
UC3842
Minimum Vout = (0.9 + 1.4) = 2.3 V
+
S
Q
R
−
+
−
+
Figure 28. Offline Converter with Isolated DC Output
common TL431 device family. The output voltage is
programmed by the resistors R1 and R2. The minimum
regulated DC output is limited to the sum of the lowest
allowable cathode to anode voltage (0.9 V) and the forward
drop of the optocoupler light emitting diode (1.4 V).
The circuit in Figure 28 uses the NCP100 as a
compensated amplifier for controlling the feedback loop of
an isolated output line powered converter. This device
allows the converter to directly regulate the output voltage
at a significantly lower level than obtainable with the
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9
NCP100
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TSOP−5
SN SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 483−02
ISSUE C
D
S
5
4
1
2
3
B
L
MILLIMETERS
INCHES
DIM MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
2.90
3.10 0.1142 0.1220
B
1.30
1.70 0.0512 0.0669
C
0.90
1.10 0.0354 0.0433
D
0.25
0.50 0.0098 0.0197
G
0.85
1.05 0.0335 0.0413
H 0.013 0.100 0.0005 0.0040
J
0.10
0.26 0.0040 0.0102
K
0.20
0.60 0.0079 0.0236
L
1.25
1.55 0.0493 0.0610
M
0_
10 _
0_
10 _
S
2.50
3.00 0.0985 0.1181
G
A
J
C
0.05 (0.002)
H
M
K
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. MAXIMUM LEAD THICKNESS INCLUDES
LEAD FINISH THICKNESS. MINIMUM LEAD
THICKNESS IS THE MINIMUM THICKNESS
OF BASE MATERIAL.
4. A AND B DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS, OR GATE
BURRS.
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
0.95
0.037
1.9
0.074
2.4
0.094
1.0
0.039
0.7
0.028
SCALE 10:1
mm inches
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering
details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and
Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
ON Semiconductor and
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages.
“Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All
operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights
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For additional information, please contact your
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NCP100/D