Multiphase PWM Regulator for VR12 DDR Memory Systems ISL6353 Features The ISL6353 is a three-phase PWM buck regulator controller for VR12 DDR memory applications. The multi-phase implementation results in better system performance, superior thermal management, lower component cost and smaller PCB area. • VR12 Serial Communications Bus • Precision Voltage Regulation - 5mV Steps with VID Fast/Slow Slew Rates • Supports Two Current Sensing Methods - Lossless Inductor DCR Current Sensing - Precision Resistor Current Sensing • Programmable 1, 2 or 3-Phase Operation The ISL6353 has two integrated power MOSFET drivers for implementing a cost effective and space saving power management solution. The PWM modulator of the ISL6353 is based on Intersil’s Robust Ripple Regulator™ (R3) technology. Compared with the traditional multi-phase buck regulator, the R3 modulator commands variable PWM switching frequency during load transients, achieving faster transient response. R3 also naturally goes into pulse frequency modulation operation in light load conditions to achieve higher light load efficiency. The ISL6353 is designed to be completely compliant with VR12 specifications. The ISL6353 has a serial VID (SVID) bus communicating with the CPU. The output can be programmed for 1-, 2- or 3-phase interleaved operation. The output voltage and power state can also be controlled independent of the serial VID bus. The ISL6353 has several other key features. It supports DCR current sensing with a single NTC thermistor for DCR temperature compensation or accurate resistor current sensing. It also has remote voltage sense, adjustable switching frequency, current monitor, OC/OV protection and power-good. Temperature monitor and thermal alert is available too. • Adaptive Body Diode Conduction Time Reduction • Superior Noise Immunity and Transient Response • Pin Programmable Output Voltage and Power State Mode • Output Current Monitor and Thermal Monitor • Differential Remote Voltage Sensing • High Efficiency Across Entire Load Range • Programmable Switching Frequency • Resistor Programmable VBOOT, Power State Operation, SVID Address Setting, IMAX • Excellent Dynamic Current Balance Between Phases • OCP/WOC, OVP, OT Alert, PGOOD • Small Footprint 40 Ld 5x5 TQFN Package • Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant) Applications • DDR Memory 95 COMP 200mV/DIV 1.5V PS0 1.5V PS1 2ph CCM 94 VDDQ = 1.5V 50mV/DIV PHASE1/2/3 5V/DIV EFFICIENCY (%) 93 92 1.5V PS2 1ph DE 91 1.35VPS0 90 89 1.35V PS1 2ph CCM 88 1.35VPS2 1ph DE 87 86 26A STEP LOAD 1V/DIV 20µs/DIV FIGURE 1. FAST TRANSIENT RESPONSE FN6897.0 September 15, 2011 1 85 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 LOAD (A) FIGURE 2. ISL6353EVAL1Z EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2011. All Rights Reserved Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. ISL6353 Simplified Application Circuit Using Inductor DCR Current Sensing VIN VR_ON ADDR PROG2 VDDP +5VDUAL VIN VDD +5VDUAL VIN (5VSB/12V DUAL) BOOT1 PROG1 UG1 RNTC NTC PH1 SDA ALERT# SCLK LG1 GND °C µP { PH1 VO1 PH2 VO2 PH3 VO3 +12V VW COMP BOOT2 UG2 FB PH2 ISL6353 VCCSENSE VSEN VSSSENSE RTN VDDQ LG2 GND +5V +12V PH3 PH2 PH1 FB2 VCTRL BOOT ISL6596 UGATE PHASE DRIVER GND VCC ISEN1 ISEN2 ISEN3 PWM3 PWM LGATE VSET1 VSUMN VO1 VSET2 ISUMN VO2 PSI OVP VR_HOT# PH3 PH2 IMON PGOOD ISUMP GND PAD °C PH1 VO3 2 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Block Diagram VR_ON PSI VREADY PROG T_MONITOR A/D SDA ALERT# VSET1 ISEN1 DAC D/A VSET2 IBAL ADDR PROG2 PHASE CURRENT BALANCE ISEN2 ISEN3 IMAX VBOOT TMAX DROOP # OF PHASES FOR PS1 SET (A/D) PROG1 VDD IMON DIGITAL INTERFACE SCLK POWER-ON RESET (POR) PROG VIN BOOT2 T_MONITOR NTC DRIVER UG2 TEMP MONITOR VR_HOT# PH2 VW DAC + RTN + DRIVER ? LG2 + GND FB2 E/A 3 R MODULATOR - FB PWM3 BOOT1 COMP DRIVER UG1 PH1 DROOP VDDP ISUMP ISUMN CURRENT SENSE + OC AND WOC PROTECTION DRIVER LG1 GND IMON PGOOD OV PROTECTION VSEN 3 OVP September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Pin Configuration ADDR OVP VSET1 VSET2 PSI PROG2 BOOT2 UG2 PH2 GND ISL6353 (40 LD TQFN) TOP VIEW 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 SDA 1 30 LG2 ALERT# 2 29 VDDP SCLK 3 28 PWM3 VR_ON 4 27 LG1 PGOOD 5 IMON 6 VR_HOT# 7 24 UG1 NTC 8 23 BOOT1 VW 9 22 PROG1 26 GND GND (BOTTOM PAD) 25 PH1 14 15 16 17 ISEN3 ISEN2 ISEN1 VSEN RTN 18 19 20 VDD 13 ISUMP 12 ISUMN 11 FB2 21 VIN FB COMP 10 Pin Descriptions PIN NUMBER 1, 2, 3 SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SDA, ALERT#, SCLK Serial communication bus signals connected between the CPU and the voltage regulator. 4 VR_ON Voltage regulator enable input. A high level logic signal on this pin enables the VR. 5 PGOOD Open-drain output to indicate the regulator is ready to supply regulated voltage. Use an appropriate external pull-up resistor. 6 IMON Output current monitor pin. IMON sources a current proportional to the regulator output current. A resistor connected from this pin to ground will set a voltage that is proportional to the load current. This voltage is sampled with an internal ADC to produce a digital IMON signal that can be read through the serial communications bus. 7 VR_HOT# 8 NTC Thermistor input to the VR_HOT# circuit. 9 VW Window voltage set pin used to set the switching frequency. A resistor from this pin to COMP programs the switching frequency (18kΩ gives approximately 300kHz). 10 COMP 11 FB 12 FB2 13 ISEN3 Individual current sensing input for Phase 3. Leave this pin open when ISL6353 is configured in 2-phase mode. 14 ISEN2 Individual current sensing input for Phase 2. When ISEN2 is pulled to 5V VDD, the controller will disable Phase 2, and the controller will run in 1-phase mode. 15 ISEN1 Individual current sensing input for Phase 1. 16 VSEN Output voltage sense pin. Connect to the output voltage (typically VDDQ) at the desired remote voltage sensing location. Thermal overload output indicator. This pin is the output of the error amplifier. This pin is the inverting input of the error amplifier. This pin switches in an RC network from VOUT to FB in PS1 and PS2 modes to help improve transient performance and phase margin when dropping phases in low power states. There is a switch between the FB2 pin and the FB pin. The switch is off in the PS0 state and on in the PS1 and PS2 states. If this function is not needed, the pin can be left open. 4 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Pin Descriptions (Continued) PIN NUMBER SYMBOL DESCRIPTION 17 RTN 18, 19 ISUMN and ISUMP Output voltage sense return pin. Connect to the ground at desired remote sensing location. 20 VDD 5V bias power. 21 VIN Input supply voltage, used for input supply feed-forward compensation. 22 PROG1 The program pin for the voltage regulator IMAX setting. Refer to Table 6. 23 BOOT1 Connect an MLCC capacitor across the BOOT1 and the PH1 pins. The boot capacitor is charged through an internal switch connected from the VDDP pin to the BOOT1 pin. 24 UG1 Output of the Phase 1 high-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the UG1 pin to the gate of the Phase 1 high-side MOSFET. 25 PH1 Current return path for the Phase 1 high-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the PH1 pin to the node consisting of the high-side MOSFET source, the low-side MOSFET drain, and the output inductor of Phase 1. 26 GND This is an electrical ground connection for the IC. Connect this pin to the ground plane of the PCB right next to the controller or to the exposed pad on the back of the IC using a low impedance path. 27 LG1 Output of the Phase 1 low-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the LG1 pin to the gate of the Phase 1 low-side MOSFET. 28 PWM3 PWM output for Phase 3. When PWM3 is pulled to 5V VDD, the controller will disable Phase 3 and allow other phases to operate. 29 VDDP Input voltage bias for the internal gate drivers. Connect +5V to the VDDP pin. Decouple with at least 1µF using an MLCC capacitor to the ground plane close to the IC. 30 LG2 Output of the Phase 2 low-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the LG2 pin to the gate of the Phase 2 low-side MOSFET. 31 GND This is an electrical ground connection for the IC. Connect this pin to the ground plane of the PCB right next to the controller or to the exposed pad on the back of the IC using a low impedance path. 32 PH2 Current return path for the Phase 2 high-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the PH2 pin to the node consisting of the high-side MOSFET source, the low-side MOSFET drain, and the output inductor of Phase 2. 33 UG2 Output of the Phase 2 high-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the UG2 pin to the gate of the Phase 2 high-side MOSFET. 34 BOOT2 Connect an MLCC capacitor across the BOOT2 and the PH2 pins. The boot capacitor is charged through an internal switch connected from the VDDP pin to the BOOT2 pin. 35 PROG2 The program pin for the voltage regulator VBOOT voltage, droop enable/disable and the number of active phases for PS1 mode. 36 PSI This pin can be used to set the power state of the controller with external logic signals. By connecting this pin to ground, the controller will refer only to the power state indicated by the serial communication bus register. If the pin is connected to a high impedance, the controller will enter the PS1 state. If the pin is connected to a logic high, the controller will enter the PS2 state. 37 VSET2 This pin is a logic input that can be used in conjunction with VSET1 to program the output voltage of the regulator with external logic signals. Refer to Table 9. By connecting VSET1 and VSET2 to ground, the controller will refer to the VID setting indicated by the serial communication bus register. 38 VSET1 This pin is a logic input that can be used in conjunction with VSET2 to program the output voltage of the regulator with external signals. Refer to Table 9. By connecting VSET1 and VSET2 to ground, the controller will refer to the VID setting indicated by the serial communication bus register. 39 OVP 40 ADDR - GND (Bottom Pad) Inverting and non-inverting input of the transconductance amplifier for current monitoring and OCP. An inverter output, latched high for an overvoltage event. It is reset by POR. This pin sets the address offset register, range from 0 to 13 (0h to Dh). 5 Electrical ground of the IC. Unless otherwise stated, all signals are referenced to the GND pin. Connect this ground pad to the ground plane through a low impedance path. Recommend use of at least 5 vias to connect to ground planes in PCB internal layers. September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Ordering Information PART NUMBER (Notes 1, 2, 3) PART MARKING TEMP. RANGE (°C) PACKAGE (Pb-free) PKG. DWG. # ISL6353CRTZ ISL6353 CRTZ 0 to +70 40 Ld 5x5 TQFN L40.5x5 ISL6353IRTZ ISL6353 IRTZ -40 to +85 40 Ld 5x5 TQFN L40.5x5 ISL6353EVAL1Z Evaluation Board NOTES: 1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications. 2. Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020. 3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL6353. For more information on MSL please see techbrief TB363. 6 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Table of Contents Simplified Application Circuit Using Inductor DCR Current Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pin Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Recommended Operating Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Gate Driver Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Theory of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Multiphase R3 Modulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Diode Emulation and Period Stretching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Start-up Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Voltage Regulation and Differential Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 VID Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 VID OFFSET Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Inductor DCR Current-Sensing Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Resistor Current-Sensing Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Current Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Phase Current Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 CCM Switching Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Phase Count Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Dynamic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Protection Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 FB2 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Adaptive Body Diode Conduction Time Reduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 System Parameter Programming PROG1/2 Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 SVID ADDRESS Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 External Control of VOUT and Power State VSET1/2, PSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Supported Serial VID Data And Configuration Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Layout Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information Supply Voltage, VDD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7V Input Supply Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +28V Boot Voltage (BOOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +33V Boot to Phase Voltage (BOOT-PHASE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7V(DC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +9V(<10ns) Phase Voltage (PHASE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ) UGATE Voltage (UGATE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PHASE - 0.3V (DC) to BOOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PHASE-5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ) to BOOT LGATE Voltage (LGATE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V (DC) to VDD + 0.3V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 5µJ) to VDD + 0.3V All Other Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to (VDD +0.3V) Open Drain Outputs, PGOOD, VR_HOT#, ALERT#. . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7V ESD Rating Human Body Model (Tested per JESD22-A114E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000V Machine Model (Tested per JESD22-A115-A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200V Charged Device Model (Tested per JESD22-C101A) . . . . . . . . . . . 750V Latch Up (Tested per JESD-78B; Class 2, Level A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100mA Thermal Resistance (Typical) θJA (°C/W) θJC (°C/W) 40 Ld TQFN Package (Notes 4, 5) . . . . . . . 32 3 Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+150°C Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see link below http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp Recommended Operating Conditions Supply Voltage, VDD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +5V ±5% Input Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.5V to 25V Ambient Temperature ISL6353CRTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to +70°C ISL6353IRTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ISL6353CRTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to +125°C ISL6353IRTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. NOTES: 4. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech Brief TB379. 5. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = 0°C to +70°C for ISL6353CRTZ and TA = -40°C to +85°C for ISL6353IRTZ, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range. PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 6) MAX (Note 6) UNITS TYP INPUT POWER SUPPLY +5V Supply Current IVDD VR_ON = 1V VR_ON = 0V 1 µA Input Supply Current IVIN VR_ON = 0V 1 µA Power-On-Reset Threshold PORr VDD rising PORf VDD falling PORr VIN pin rising PORf VIN pin falling 4 4.6 4.35 4.00 4.15 2.8 3.50 4.5 mA V V 4.00 4.35 V V SYSTEM AND REFERENCES System Accuracy CRTZ No load; closed loop, active mode range %Error (VCC_CORE) VID = 0.75V to 1.50V, -0.5 +0.5 % VID = 0.5V to 0.7375V -8 8 mV VID = 0.3V to 0.4875V -15 15 mV -0.8 0.8 % No load; closed loop, active mode range IRTZ %Error (VCC_CORE) VID = 0.75V to 1.50V, VID = 0.5V to 0.7375V -10 10 mV VID = 0.3V to 0.4875V -18 18 mV Maximum Output Voltage + Offset VCC_CORE(max) VID = FFh OFFSET = 7Fh 1.520+ 0.635 = 2.155 V Minimum Output Voltage VCC_CORE(min) VID = 01h OFFSET = 00h 0.25 V 8 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = 0°C to +70°C for ISL6353CRTZ and TA = -40°C to +85°C for ISL6353IRTZ, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range. (Continued) PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 6) TYP 280 300 MAX (Note 6) UNITS CHANNEL FREQUENCY Nominal Channel Frequency fSW(nom) RFSET = 18kΩ, 3-channel operation, VCOMP = 1V Adjustment Range 200 320 kHz 500 kHz +0.1 mV AMPLIFIERS IFB = 0A Current-Sense Amplifier Input Offset Error Amp DC Gain -0.1 Av0 Error Amp Gain-Bandwidth Product GBW CL= 20pF 119 dB 17 MHz 20 nA ISEN1/2/3 Input Bias Current POWER GOOD AND PROTECTION MONITORS PGOOD Low Voltage VOL IPGOOD = 4mA PGOOD Leakage Current IOH PGOOD = 3.3V 0.26 -1 ALERT# Pull-Down Resistance 7 ALERT# Leakage Current VR_HOT# Pull-Down Resistance 7 VR_HOT# Leakage Current 0.4 V 1 µA 13 Ω 1 µA 13 Ω 1 µA 1.5 Ω GATE DRIVER UGATE Pull-Up Resistance RUGPU 200mA Source Current 1.0 UGATE Source Current IUGSRC UGATE - PHASE = 2.5V 2.0 UGATE Sink Resistance RUGPD 250mA Sink Current 1.0 UGATE Sink Current IUGSNK UGATE - PHASE = 2.5V 2.0 LGATE Pull-Up Resistance RLGPU 250mA Source Current 1.0 LGATE Source Current ILGSRC LGATE - GND = 2.5V 2.0 LGATE Sink Resistance RLGPD 250mA Sink Current 0.5 LGATE Sink Current ILGSNK LGATE - GND = 2.5V 4.0 UGATE to LGATE Deadtime tUGFLGR UGATE falling to LGATE rising, no load 23 ns LGATE to UGATE Deadtime tLGFUGR LGATE falling to UGATE rising, no load 28 ns OVP VSEN rising above setpoint for >1ms 2.29 2.35 V 175 A 1.5 Ω A 1.5 Ω 0.9 Ω A A PROTECTION FUNCTIONS Pre-Charge Overvoltage Threshold Overvoltage Threshold OVH VSEN rising above setpoint for >1ms 145 OVP Pin Sink Current IOVP VOVP = VDD - 1V 20 Overcurrent Threshold CRTZ 3/2/1-Phase Config, PS0 56.5 60 64.5 µA IRTZ 3/2/1-Phase Config, PS0 54.5 60 64.5 µA CRTZ 3-Phase Config, PS1 - Drop to 2-Phase 38.3 40 43.2 µA IRTZ 3-Phase Config, PS1 - Drop to 2-Phase 37 40 43.2 µA 9 200 mV mA CRTZ 3-Phase Config, PS1/2 - Drop to 1-Phase 19 20 22.25 µA IRTZ 3-Phase Config, PS1/2 - Drop to 1-Phase 18.5 20 22.25 µA CRTZ 2-Phase Config, PS1/2 - Drop to 1-Phase 28 30 33 µA IRTZ 2-Phase Config, PS1/2 - Drop to 1-Phase 27 30 33 µA September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Electrical Specifications Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = 0°C to +70°C for ISL6353CRTZ and TA = -40°C to +85°C for ISL6353IRTZ, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range. (Continued) PARAMETER SYMBOL Way Overcurrent Threshold TEST CONDITIONS MIN (Note 6) TYP MAX (Note 6) UNITS CRTZ 3/2/1-Phase Config, PS0 76.8 88 100 µA IRTZ 3/2/1-Phase Config, PS0 74 88 100 µA CRTZ 3-Phase Config, PS1 - Drop to 2-Phase 52 60 68 µA IRTZ 3-Phase Config, PS1 - Drop to 2-Phase 50 60 68 µA CRTZ 3-Phase Config, PS1/2 - Drop to 1-Phase 28 32 35.8 µA IRTZ 3-Phase Config, PS1/2 - Drop to 1-Phase 27 32 35.8 µA CRTZ 2-Phase Config, PS1/2 - Drop to 1-Phase 40 46 52 µA IRTZ 2-Phase Config, PS1/2 - Drop to 1-Phase 39.5 46 52 µA Current Imbalance Threshold One ISEN above another ISEN for >1.2ms 20 mV PWM PWM3 Output Low VOL_MAX Sinking 5mA PWM3 Output High VOH_MIN Sourcing 5mA PWM3 Tri-State Leakage 1.0 3.5 PWM3 = 2.5V V V 2 µA THERMAL MONITOR NTC Source Current CRTZ NTC = 1.3V 58 60 62 µA IRTZ NTC = 1.3V 56 60 62 µA VR_HOT# Trip Voltage Falling VR_HOT# Reset Voltage Rising ALERT# Trip Voltage Falling ALERT# Reset Voltage Rising 0.895 0.91 0.95 0.915 V 0.965 0.93 V V 0.97 0.985 V 12.6 µA CURRENT MONITOR IMON Output Current IIMON IccMAX Alert Trip Voltage VIMONMAX IccMAX Alert Reset Voltage ISUM- pin current = 50µA 12.3 12.45 ISUM- pin current = 2µA 400 500 600 nA 1.2 1.225 V Rising Falling 1.05 1.14 V INPUTS VR_ON Input Low VIL_MAX VR_ON Input High VIH_MIN VR_ON Leakage Current IVR_ON 0.3 0.8 VR_ON = 0V -1 VR_ON = 1V, 300kΩ Typical Pull-Down VSET1/2 Input Low VSETIL_MAX VSET1/2 Input High VSETIH_MIN V 0 µA 3.3 µA 1.5 V 20 µA 3.1 V PSI Sink/Source Current PSI Voltage PSI Pin State PS0, VDD = 5V 0 0.51 V PS1, VDD = 5V 1.06 3.91 V PS2, VDD = 5V 4.47 5 V 2.60 V 1 µA PSI High-Z Voltage 12 V 2.12 16 2.37 SCLK, SDA SCLK, SDA Leakage VR_ON = 0V, SCLK & SDA = 0V & 1V -1 VR_ON = 1V, SCLK & SDA = 1V -5 1 µA VR_ON = 1V, SDA = 0V 20 µA VR_ON = 1V, SCLK = 0V 40 µA NOTE: 6. Compliance to datasheet limits is assured by one or more methods: production test, characterization and/or design. 10 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Gate Driver Timing Diagram PWM tLGFUGR tFU tRU 1V UGATE 1V LGATE tRL tFL tUGFLGR Theory of Operation VW Multiphase R3 Modulator MASTER CLOCK CIRCUIT MASTER CLOCK COMP Phase Vcrm Sequencer COMP VW MASTER CLOCK gmVo HYSTERETIC WINDOW V crm Clock1 Clock2 Clock3 MASTER CLOCK Crm CLOCK1 SLAVE CIRCUIT 1 VW Clock1 S R Q PWM1 Phase1 L1 IL1 Vcrs1 PW M1 Vo Co CLOCK2 PW M2 gm Crs1 CLOCK3 SLAVE CIRCUIT 2 VW Clock2 S R Q PWM2 Phase2 L2 PW M3 IL2 Vcrs2 VW gm Crs2 V crs2 SLAVE CIRCUIT 3 VW Clock3 S R Q PWM3 Phase3 IL3 Vcrs3 V crs3 V crs1 L3 FIGURE 4. R3 MODULATOR OPERATION PRINCIPLES IN STEADY STATE gm Crs3 FIGURE 3. R3 MODULATOR CIRCUIT 11 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 voltage VCrs hits VW, the slave circuit turns off the PWM pulse, and the current source discharges Crs. VW Since the ISL6353 individual phase modulators use a large-amplitude and noise-free synthesized signal, Vcrs, to determine the pulse width, phase jitter is lower than conventional hysteretic mode and fixed PWM mode controllers. Unlike conventional hysteretic mode converters, the ISL6353 has an error amplifier that allows the controller to maintain 0.5% output voltage accuracy. COMP Vcrm Master Clock Clock1 PWM1 Clock2 PWM2 Clock3 PWM3 VW Vcrs1 Vcrs3 Vcrs2 Figure 5 shows the principle of operation during a load step-up response. The COMP voltage rises after the load step up, generating master clock pulses more quickly, so PWM pulses turn on earlier, increasing the effective switching frequency. This allows for higher control loop bandwidth than conventional fixed frequency PWM controllers. The VW voltage rises as the COMP voltage rises, making the PWM pulses wider as well. During load step-down response, COMP voltage falls. It takes the master clock circuit longer to generate the next clock signal, so the PWM pulse is held off until needed. The VW voltage falls as the COMP voltage falls, reducing the current PWM pulse width. This kind of behavior gives the ISL6353 excellent load transient response. The fact that all the phases share the same VW window voltage also ensures excellent dynamic current balance among phases. FIGURE 5. R3 MODULATOR OPERATION DURING A LOAD STEP-UP RESPONSE The ISL6353 is a multiphase regulator controller implementing the Intel VR12™ protocol primarily intended for use in DDR memory regulator applications. It can be programmed for 1-, 2- or 3-phase operation. It uses Intersil’s patented R3 (Robust Ripple Regulator™) modulator. The R3 modulator combines the best features of fixed frequency PWM and hysteretic PWM while eliminating many of their respective shortcomings. Figure 3 conceptually shows the ISL6353 multiphase R3 modulator circuit, and Figure 4 shows the principle of operation. A current source flows from the VW pin to the COMP pin, creating a voltage window set by the resistor between the two pins. This voltage window is called the VW window in the following discussion. Inside the IC, the modulator uses the master clock circuit to generate the clocks for the slave circuits. The modulator discharges the ripple capacitor Crm with a current source equal to gmVo, where gm is a gain factor. The Crm voltage Vcrm is a sawtooth waveform traversing between the VW and COMP voltages. It resets to VW when it hits COMP, and generates a one-shot master clock signal. A phase sequencer distributes the master clock signal to the slave circuits. If the ISL6353 is in 3-phase mode, the master clock signal will be distributed to the three phases, and the Clock1~3 signals will be 120° out-of-phase. If the ISL6353 is in 2-phase mode, the master clock signal will be distributed to Phases 1 and 2, and the Clock1 and Clock2 signals will be 180° out-of-phase. If the ISL6353 is in 1-phase mode, the master clock signal will be distributed to Phase 1 only and is the Clock1 signal. Each slave circuit has its own ripple capacitor Crs, whose voltage mimics the inductor ripple current. A gm amplifier converts the inductor voltage into a current source to charge and discharge Crs. The slave circuit turns on its PWM pulse upon receiving the clock signal, and the current source charges Crs. When Crs 12 Diode Emulation and Period Stretching PHASE UG ATE LG ATE IL FIGURE 6. DIODE EMULATION OPERATION ISL6353 can operate in diode emulation (DE) mode to improve light load efficiency. In DE mode, the low-side MOSFET conducts when the current is flowing from source to drain and does not allow reverse current, thus emulating a diode. As Figure 6 shows, when LGATE is on, the low-side MOSFET carries current, creating negative voltage on the phase node due to the voltage drop across the ON-resistance. The ISL6353 monitors the current by monitoring the phase node voltage. It turns off LGATE when the phase node voltage reaches zero to prevent the inductor current from reversing direction and creating unnecessary power loss. If the load current is light enough, as Figure 6 shows, the inductor current will reach and stay at zero before the next phase node pulse, and the regulator is in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). If the load current is heavy enough, the inductor current will never reach 0A, and the regulator is in CCM although the controller is in DE mode. September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 CCM/DCM BOUNDARY VW VDD VR_ON V crs 2.5mV/µs VBOOT 1.3ms DAC iL V crs VW LIGHT DCM PGOOD READY FOR SVID COMMAND FIGURE 8. SOFT-START WAVEFORMS iL DEEP DCM V crs VW Voltage Regulation and Differential Sensing After the start sequence, the ISL6353 regulates the output voltage to the value set by the SetVID commands through the SVID bus or to the value set by the status of the VSET1/2 pins. The ISL6353 will regulate the output voltage to VID + OFFSET (Register 33h). A differential amplifier allows remote voltage sensing for precise voltage regulation. iL FIGURE 7. PERIOD STRETCHING Figure 7 shows the principle of operation in diode emulation mode at light load. The load gets incrementally lighter in the three cases from top to bottom. The PWM on-time is determined by the VW window size and therefore it is the same, making the inductor current triangle the same in the three cases. The ISL6353 clamps the ripple capacitor voltage Vcrs in DE mode to make it mimic the inductor current. It takes the COMP voltage longer to hit Vcrs, naturally stretching the switching period. The inductor current triangles move further apart from each other such that the inductor current average value is equal to the load current. The reduced switching frequency helps increase light load efficiency. Start-up Timing With the controller's VDD voltage above the POR threshold, the start-up sequence begins about 1.3ms after VR_ON exceeds the logic high threshold. The ISL6353 uses digital soft-start to ramp up the DAC to the boot voltage, VBOOT. VBOOT is set by the PROG2 pin resistor and the status of the VSET1/2 pins. The DAC slew rate during soft-start is about 2.5mV/µs. PGOOD is asserted high at the end of the start-up sequence indicating that the output voltage has moved to the VBOOT setting, the VR is operating properly and all phases are switching. Figure 8 shows the typical start-up timing. 13 VID Table The ISL6353 will regulate the output voltage to VID+OFFSET (33h). Table 1 shows the output voltage setting based on the VID register setting. TABLE 1. VID TABLE Hex VO (V) VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.2500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0.2550 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0.2600 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0.2650 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 0.2700 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6 0.2750 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 7 0.2800 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 0.2850 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 9 0.2900 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 A 0.2950 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 B 0.3000 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 C 0.3050 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 D 0.3100 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 E 0.3150 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 F 0.3200 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.3250 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0.3300 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0.3350 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 3 0.3400 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 0.3450 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 5 0.3500 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued) VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued) VO (V) VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 1 6 0.3550 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0.5650 1 1 7 0.3600 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0.5700 0 0 1 8 0.3650 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 2 0.5750 0 1 1 9 0.3700 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 3 0.5800 0 1 0 1 A 0.3750 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 4 0.5850 1 0 1 1 1 B 0.3800 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 4 5 0.5900 1 1 1 0 0 1 C 0.3850 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 6 0.5950 1 1 1 0 1 1 D 0.3900 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 7 0.6000 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 E 0.3950 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 8 0.6050 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 F 0.4000 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 9 0.6100 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.4050 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 A 0.6150 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0.4100 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 B 0.6200 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0.4150 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 C 0.6250 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 0.4200 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 4 D 0.6300 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 4 0.4250 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 4 E 0.6350 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 5 0.4300 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 4 F 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 6 0.4350 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0.6450 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 7 0.4400 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 1 0.6500 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 8 0.4450 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 5 2 0.6550 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 9 0.4500 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 5 3 0.6600 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 A 0.4550 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 4 0.6650 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 B 0.4600 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 5 5 0.6700 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 C 0.4650 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5 6 0.6750 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 D 0.4700 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 5 7 0.6800 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 E 0.4750 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 8 0.6850 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 F 0.4800 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 5 9 0.6900 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.4850 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5 A 0.6950 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 1 0.4900 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 5 B 0.7000 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 2 0.4950 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 5 C 0.7050 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 3 0.5000 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 5 D 0.7100 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 4 0.5050 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 E 0.7150 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 5 0.5100 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 F 0.7200 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 3 6 0.5150 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0.7250 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 3 7 0.5200 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 0.7300 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 8 0.5250 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 2 0.7350 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 3 9 0.5300 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 6 3 0.7400 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 3 A 0.5350 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 6 4 0.7450 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 B 0.5400 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 6 5 0.7500 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 3 C 0.5450 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 6 6 0.7550 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 D 0.5500 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 6 7 0.7600 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 E 0.5550 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 6 8 0.7650 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 F 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 6 9 0.7700 0.5600 Hex VO (V) VID7 14 Hex 0.6400 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued) VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued) VO (V) Hex VO (V) VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 6 A 0.7750 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 9 4 0.9850 1 6 B 0.7800 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 9 5 0.9900 0 0 6 C 0.7850 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 9 6 0.9950 0 1 6 D 0.7900 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 9 7 1.0000 1 1 0 6 E 0.7950 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 9 8 1.0050 1 1 1 1 6 F 0.8000 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 9 9 1.0100 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0.8050 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 9 A 1.0150 1 0 0 0 1 7 1 0.8100 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 9 B 1.0200 1 1 0 0 1 0 7 2 0.8150 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 9 C 1.0250 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 7 3 0.8200 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 9 D 1.0300 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 7 4 0.8250 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 9 E 1.0350 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 7 5 0.8300 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 9 F 1.0400 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 7 6 0.8350 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 1.0450 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 7 0.8400 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 A 1 1.0500 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 7 8 0.8450 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 A 2 1.0550 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 7 9 0.8500 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 A 3 1.0600 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 7 A 0.8550 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 A 4 1.0650 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 B 0.8600 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 A 5 1.0700 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 7 C 0.8650 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 A 6 1.0750 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 7 D 0.8700 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 A 7 1.0800 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 7 E 0.8750 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 A 8 1.0850 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 F 0.8800 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 A 9 1.0900 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0.8850 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 A A 1.0950 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 1 0.8900 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 A B 1.1000 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 8 2 0.8950 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 A C 1.1050 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 8 3 0.9000 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 A D 1.1100 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 4 0.9050 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 A E 1.1150 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 8 5 0.9100 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 A F 1.1200 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 8 6 0.9150 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 B 0 1.1250 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 8 7 0.9200 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 B 1 1.1300 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 8 0.9250 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 B 2 1.1350 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 8 9 0.9300 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 B 3 1.1400 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 8 A 0.9350 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 B 4 1.1450 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 8 B 0.9400 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 B 5 1.1500 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 8 C 0.9450 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 B 6 1.1550 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 8 D 0.9500 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 B 7 1.1600 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 8 E 0.9550 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 B 8 1.1650 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 8 F 0.9600 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 B 9 1.1700 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 0.9650 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 B A 1.1750 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 9 1 0.9700 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 B B 1.1800 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 9 2 0.9750 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 B C 1.1850 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 9 3 0.9800 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 B D 1.1900 15 Hex September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued) VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued) Hex VO (V) Hex VO (V) VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 B E 1.1950 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 E 8 1.4050 1 B F 1.2000 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 E 9 1.4100 0 0 C 0 1.2050 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 E A 1.4150 0 1 C 1 1.2100 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 E B 1.4200 0 1 0 C 2 1.2150 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 E C 1.4250 0 0 1 1 C 3 1.2200 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 E D 1.4300 0 0 1 0 0 C 4 1.2250 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 E E 1.4350 0 0 1 0 1 C 5 1.2300 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 E F 1.4400 0 0 0 1 1 0 C 6 1.2350 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 F 0 1.4450 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 C 7 1.2400 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 F 1 1.4500 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 C 8 1.2450 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 F 2 1.4550 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 C 9 1.2500 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 F 3 1.4600 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 C A 1.2550 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 F 4 1.4650 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 C B 1.2600 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 F 5 1.4700 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 C C 1.2650 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 F 6 1.4750 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 C D 1.2700 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 F 7 1.4800 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 C E 1.2750 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 F 8 1.4850 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 C F 1.2800 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 F 9 1.4900 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 D 0 1.2850 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 F A 1.4950 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 D 1 1.2900 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 F B 1.5000 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 D 2 1.2950 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 F C 1.5050 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 D 3 1.3000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 F D 1.5100 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 D 4 1.3050 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 F E 1.5150 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 D 5 1.3100 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 F 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 D 6 1.3150 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 D 7 1.3200 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 D 8 1.3250 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 D 9 1.3300 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 D A 1.3350 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 D B 1.3400 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 D C 1.3450 OFS7 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 D D 1.3500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.005 F 1.5200 VID OFFSET Table The ISL6353 will regulate the output voltage to VID+OFFSET (33h). Table 2 shows the output voltage setting based on the VID register setting. TABLE 2. VID TABLE OFS6 OFS5 OFS4 OFS3 OFS2 OFS1 OFS0 Hex VOFS (V) 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 D E 1.3550 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 D F 1.3600 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0.010 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 E 0 1.3650 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0.015 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 E 1 1.3700 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0.020 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 0.025 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 E 2 1.3750 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 E 3 1.3800 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6 0.030 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 E 4 1.3850 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 7 0.035 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 E 5 1.3900 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 0.040 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 9 0.045 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 A 0.050 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 E 6 1.3950 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 E 7 1.4000 0 16 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 TABLE 2. VID TABLE (Continued) TABLE 2. VID TABLE (Continued) OFS7 OFS6 OFS5 OFS4 OFS3 OFS2 OFS1 OFS0 Hex VOFS (V) OFS7 OFS6 OFS5 OFS4 OFS3 OFS2 OFS1 OFS0 Hex VOFS (V) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 B 0.055 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 5 0.265 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 C 0.060 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 3 6 0.270 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 D 0.065 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 3 7 0.275 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 E 0.070 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 8 0.280 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 F 0.075 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 3 9 0.285 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.080 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 3 A 0.290 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0.085 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 B 0.295 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0.090 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 3 C 0.300 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 3 0.095 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 D 0.305 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 0.100 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 E 0.310 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 5 0.105 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 F 0.315 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 6 0.110 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0.320 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 7 0.115 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0.325 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 8 0.120 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 2 0.330 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 9 0.125 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 3 0.335 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 A 0.130 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 4 0.340 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 B 0.135 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 4 5 0.345 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 C 0.140 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 6 0.350 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 D 0.145 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 7 0.355 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 E 0.150 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 8 0.360 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 F 0.155 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 9 0.365 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.160 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 A 0.370 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0.165 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 B 0.375 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0.170 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 C 0.380 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 0.175 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 4 D 0.385 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 4 0.180 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 4 E 0.390 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 5 0.185 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 4 F 0.395 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 6 0.190 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0.400 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 7 0.195 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 1 0.405 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 8 0.200 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 5 2 0.410 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 9 0.205 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 5 3 0.415 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 A 0.210 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 4 0.420 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 B 0.215 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 5 5 0.425 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 C 0.220 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5 6 0.430 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 D 0.225 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 5 7 0.435 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 E 0.230 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 8 0.440 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 F 0.235 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 5 9 0.445 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.240 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5 A 0.450 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 1 0.245 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 5 B 0.455 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 2 0.250 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 5 C 0.460 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 3 0.255 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 5 D 0.465 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 4 0.260 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 E 0.470 17 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 TABLE 2. VID TABLE (Continued) OFS7 OFS6 OFS5 OFS4 OFS3 OFS2 OFS1 OFS0 Hex VOFS (V) 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 F 0.475 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0.480 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 0.485 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 2 0.490 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 6 3 0.495 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 6 4 0.500 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 6 5 0.505 VCC SENSE FB VR LOCAL VO “CATCH” RESISTOR E/A COMP Σ DAC VDAC RTN VSS SENSE INTERNAL TO IC X1 VSS 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 6 6 0.510 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 6 7 0.515 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 6 8 0.520 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 6 9 0.525 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 6 A 0.530 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 6 B 0.535 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 6 C 0.540 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 6 D 0.545 Figure 9 shows the differential voltage sensing scheme. VCCSENSE and VSSSENSE are the remote voltage sensing signals from the DDR memory. A unity gain differential amplifier senses the VSSSENSE voltage and adds it to the DAC output. The error amplifier regulates the inverting and the non-inverting input voltages to be equal as shown in Equation 1: 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 6 E 0.550 VCC SENSE = V DAC + VSS SENSE 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 6 F 0.555 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0.560 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 7 1 0.565 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 7 2 0.570 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 7 3 0.575 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 7 4 0.580 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 7 5 0.585 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 7 6 0.590 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 7 0.595 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 7 8 0.600 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 7 9 0.605 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 7 A 0.610 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 B 0.615 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 7 C 0.620 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 7 D 0.625 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 7 E 0.630 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 F 0.635 “CATCH” RESISTOR FIGURE 9. DIFFERENTIAL SENSING Rewriting Equation 1 gives Equation 2: VCC SENSE – VSS SENSE = V DAC (EQ. 2) The VCCSENSE and VSSSENSE signals are routed from the memory socket. In most cases the remote sensing location will be on the PCB right next to one of the DDR memory sockets. If a remote sensing location is used on a module that passes through a socket then the feedback signals will be open circuit in the absence of the module. As shown in Figure 9, a “catch” resistor should be added in this case to feed the local VR output voltage back to the compensator, and another “catch” resistor should be added to connect the local VR output ground to the RTN pin. These resistors, typically 10Ω~100Ω, will provide voltage feedback if the system is powered up without any memory cards installed. Inductor DCR Current-Sensing Network The ISL6353 can sense the inductor current through the intrinsic DC Resistance (DCR) of the inductors or through precision resistors in series with the inductors. With both current-sensing methods, the voltage across capacitor Cn represents the total inductor current from all phases. An amplifier converts the Cn voltage, VCn, into an internal current source, Isense, with the gain set by resistor Ri shown in Equation 3. V Cn I sense = --------Ri 18 (EQ. 1) (EQ. 3) September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 The sensed current is used for current monitoring and overcurrent protection. Phase1 Phase2 Phase3 Rsum Rsum ISUM+ Rsum DCR ω L = -----------L 1 ω sns = -----------------------------------------------------R sum R ntcnet × -------------N ----------------------------------------- × C n R sum R ntcnet + -------------N (EQ. 7) (EQ. 8) where N is the number of phases. L L L Rntcs Rp DCR DCR DCR Cn Vcn Rntc Ro Ri ISUM- Ro There are many sets of parameters that can properly temperaturecompensate the DCR change. Since the NTC network and the Rsum resistors form a voltage divider, Vcn is always a fraction of the inductor DCR voltage. A higher ratio of Vcn to the inductor DCR voltage is recommended so the current monitor and OCP circuit has a higher signal level to work with. Ro Io FIGURE 10. DCR CURRENT-SENSING NETWORK Figure 10 shows the inductor DCR current-sensing network for a 3-phase regulator. Inductor current flows through the DCR and creates a voltage drop. Each inductor has two resistors Rsum and Ro connected to the pads to accurately sense the inductor current by sensing the DCR voltage drop. The Rsum and Ro resistors are connected in a summing network as shown, and feed the total current information to the NTC network (consisting of Rntcs, Rntc and Rp) and capacitor Cn. Rntc is a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, used to compensate for the increase in inductor DCR as temperature increases. The inductor output pads are electrically shorted in the schematic, but have some parasitic impedance in the actual board layout, which is why the signals cannot simply be shorted together for the current-sense summing network. A resistor from 1Ω~10Ω for Ro is recommended to create quality signals. Since the Ro value is much smaller than the rest of the current sensing circuit, the following analysis will ignore it for simplicity. The summed inductor current information is represented at capacitor Cn. Equations 4 through 8 describe the frequency-domain relationship between total inductor current Io(s) and the Cn voltage VCn(s): ⎛ ⎞ R ntcnet ⎜ DCR⎟ V Cn ( s ) = ⎜ ----------------------------------------- × ------------⎟ × I o ( s ) × A cs ( s ) R sum N ⎟ ⎜ ⎝ R ntcnet + ------------⎠ N ( R ntcs + R ntc ) × R p R ntcnet = --------------------------------------------------R ntcs + R ntc + R p (EQ. 4) (EQ. 5) s 1 + -----ωL A cs ( s ) = ---------------------s 1 + -----------ω sns (EQ. 6) 19 Transfer function Acs(s) always has unity gain at DC. The inductor DCR value increases as the winding temperature increases, giving higher a reading of the inductor DC current. The NTC Rntc values decreases as its temperature increases. Proper selections of Rsum, Rntcs, Rp and Rntc parameters ensure that VCn represents the total inductor DC current over the temperature range of interest. A typical set of parameters that provide good temperature compensation are: Rsum = 3.65kΩ, Rp = 11kΩ, Rntcs = 2.61kΩ and Rntc = 10kΩ (ERT-J1VR103J). The NTC network component values may need to be fine tuned on actual boards. To help fine tune the network apply a full load condition to the regulator and record the IMON pin voltage reading immediately; then record the IMON voltage reading again when the board has reached thermal steady state. A good NTC network can limit the IMON voltage drift to within 1% over the temperature range. If droop is used for the ISL6353 based regulator the output voltage can be used for this test rather than IMON. DDR memory regulators typically do not operate with droop enabled. The Intersil evaluation board layout and current-sensing network parameters can be referred to in order to help minimize engineering time. VCn(s) needs to represent real-time Io(s) for the controller to achieve best OCP and IMON response. The transfer function Acs(s) has a pole ωsns and a zero ωL. ωL and ωsns should be matched so Acs(s) is unity gain at all frequencies. By forcing ωL equal to ωsns and solving for the solution, Equation 9 gives Cn value. L C n = -----------------------------------------------------------R sum R ntcnet × -------------N ----------------------------------------- × DCR R sum R ntcnet + -------------N (EQ. 9) For example, given N = 3, Rsum = 3.65kΩ, Rp = 11kΩ, Rntcs = 2.61kΩ, Rntc = 10kΩ, DCR = 0.29mΩ and L = 0.22µH, Equation 9 gives Cn = 0.79µF. Cn is the capacitor used to match the inductor time constant. Sometimes it takes the parallel combination of two or more capacitors to get the desired value. To verify the capacitor value is correct a repetitive load can be placed on the output voltage and the IMON voltage can be monitored. The capacitor in parallel with the IMON resistor needs to be removed for this test. The September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 IMON voltage should be approximately a square wave with little or no overshoot. In regulators without droop control the capacitor value can be selected to err on the high side to overdamp the current sense input to the controller to avoid overshoots. and 20µA in PS2 mode. For a 2-phase design, the OCP threshold is 60µA in PS0 mode and 30µA in PS1 and PS2 mode. The ISL6353 declares a OCP fault when Isense is above the threshold for 120µs. Resistor Current-Sensing Network Referring to Equation 3 and Figure 10, resistor Ri sets the sensed current Isense. In general, Isense can be set to 40µA at the maximum load current expected in the design. The OCP trip level will be 1.5 times the maximum load current with a threshold at 60µA. The OCP ratio can be set to something other than 1.5 times the maximum load current by setting Isense = 60µA/OCPratio. Phase1 Phase2 Phase3 L L L DCR DCR DCR For inductor DCR sensing, Equation 13 gives the DC relationship of Vcn(s) and Io(s). Rsum Rsum ISUM+ Rsum Rsen Rsen Rsen Vcn Ro Cn Ri ISUM- ⎛ ⎞ R ntcnet ⎜ DCR⎟ V Cn = ⎜ ----------------------------------------- × ------------⎟ × I o N ⎟ R sum ⎜ ⎝ R ntcnet + ------------⎠ N (EQ. 13) Substitution of Equation 13 into Equation 3 gives Equation 14: Ro R ntcnet DCR 1 II sense = ----- × ----------------------------------------- × ------------ × I o R sum N Ri R ntcnet + -------------N Ro (EQ. 14) Therefore: Io FIGURE 11. RESISTOR CURRENT-SENSING NETWORK Figure 11 shows the precision resistor current-sensing network for a 3-phase solution. Each inductor has a series current-sensing resistor, Rsen. Rsum and Ro are connected to the Rsen pads to accurately capture the inductor current information. The Rsum and Ro resistors are connected to capacitor Cn. Rsum and Cn form a filter for noise attenuation. Equations 10 through 12 give VCn(s) expressions: R sen V Cn ( s ) = ------------ × I o ( s ) × A Rsen ( s ) N 1 A Rsen ( s ) = ---------------------s 1 + -----------ω sns (EQ. 10) (EQ. 11) 1 ω Rsen = --------------------------R sum -------------- × C n N (EQ. 12) Transfer function ARsen(s) always has unity gain at DC. The current-sensing resistor Rsen value will not have a significant variation over temperature, so there is no need for the NTC network. Recommended values are Rsum = 1kΩ and Cn = 5600pF. Overcurrent Protection The ISL6353 implements overcurrent protection (OCP) by comparing the average value of the measured current Isense with an internal current source reference. The OCP threshold is 60µA for 3-phase, 2-phase and 1-phase PS0 operation. In PS1/2 mode the OCP threshold is scaled based on the number of active phases in PS1/2 mode divided by the number of active phases in PS0 mode. For example, if the regulator operates in 3-phase mode in PS0, 2-phase in PS1 mode and 1-phase in PS2 mode, the OCP threshold will be 60µA in PS0 mode, 40µA in PS1 mode 20 R ntcnet × DCR × I o R i = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------R sum N × ⎛ R ntcnet + --------------⎞ × I sense ⎝ N ⎠ (EQ. 15) Substitution of Equation 5 and application of the full load condition in Equation 15 gives Equation 16: ( R ntcs + R ntc ) × R p --------------------------------------------------- × DCR × I omax R ntcs + R ntc + R p ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ri = ( R ⎛ ntcs + R ntc ) × R p R sum⎞ N × ⎜ --------------------------------------------------- + --------------⎟ × I sensemax N ⎠ ⎝ R ntcs + R ntc + R p (EQ. 16) where Iomax is the full load current, and Isensemax is the corresponding sensed current based on the desired OCP to Iomax ratio. For resistor sensing, Equation 17 gives the DC relationship of Vcn(s) and Io(s). R sen V Cn = ------------ × I o N (EQ. 17) Substitution of Equation 17 into Equation 3 gives Equation 18: 1 R sen I sense = ----- × ------------ × I o N Ri (EQ. 18) Therefore: R sen × I o R i = -------------------------N × I sense (EQ. 19) Application of the full load condition gives Equation 20: R sen × I omax R i = ------------------------------------N × I sensemax (EQ. 20) where Iomax is the full load current, and Isensemax is the corresponding sensed current. September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Current Monitor The ISL6353 provides a current monitor function. The IMON pin outputs a high-speed analog current source that is 1/4 times the Isense current. 1 I IMON = --- × I sense 4 (EQ. 21) A resistor Rimon is connected to the IMON pin to convert the IMON pin current to a voltage. The voltage across Rimon is expressed in Equation 22: 1 × R imon V Rimon = --- × I 4 sense (EQ. 22) Substitution of Equation 14 into Equation 22 gives Equation 23: R ntcnet DCR 1 V Rimon = --------- × ----------------------------------------- × ------------ × I o × R imon R sum N 4R i R ntcnet + -------------N (EQ. 23) Rewriting Equation 23 gives Equation 24: V Rimon × R i × ( NR ntcnet + R sum ) R imon = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 --- R ntcnet × DCR × I o 4 (EQ. 24) Substitution of Equation 5 and application of the full load condition in Equation 24 gives Equation 25: ⎛ ( R ntcs + R ntc ) × R p ⎞ V Rimon × R i × ⎜ N --------------------------------------------------- + R sum⎟ ⎝ R ntcs + R ntc + R p ⎠ R imon = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 --- ( R ntcs + R ntc ) × R p 4 ------------------------------------------------------- × DCR × I omax R ntcs + R ntc + R p (EQ. 25) time constant for RsCs should be used such that the ISEN voltages have minimal ripple and represent the DC current flowing through the inductors. Recommended values are Rs = 10kΩ and Cs = 0.22µF. Rs should be routed to the inductor phase-node pad in order to help eliminate the effect of phase node parasitic PCB DCR. Equations 26 through 28 give the ISEN pin voltages: V ISEN1 = ( R dcr1 + R pcb1 ) × I L1 (EQ. 26) V ISEN2 = ( R dcr2 + R pcb2 ) × I L2 (EQ. 27) V ISEN3 = ( R dcr3 + R pcb3 ) × I L3 (EQ. 28) where Rdcr1, Rdcr2 and Rdcr3 are inductor DCR; Rpcb1, Rpcb2 and Rpcb3 are parasitic PCB DCR between the inductor output pad and the output voltage rail; and IL1, IL2 and IL3 are inductor average currents. The ISL6353 will adjust the phase pulse-width relative to the other phases to make VISEN1 = VISEN2 = VISEN3, thus to achieve IL1 = IL2 = IL3, when Rdcr1 = Rdcr2 = Rdcr3 and Rpcb1 = Rpcb2 = Rpcb3. Using the same components for L1, L2 and L3 will provide a good match of Rdcr1, Rdcr2 and Rdcr3. Board layout will determine Rpcb1, Rpcb2 and Rpcb3. Each phase should be as symmetric as possible in the PCB layout for the power delivery path between each inductor and the output voltage load, such that Rpcb1 = Rpcb2 = Rpcb3. Phase3 Rs Cs A capacitor Cimon can be paralleled with Rimon to filter the IMON pin voltage. The RimonCimon time constant is the user’s choice. The time constant should be long enough such that switching frequency ripple is removed. ISEN2 Rdcr3 ISEN1 V2p L2 V3n Rdcr2 Rpcb2 IL2 Rs V1p Phase1 Rs Cs IL3 Vo V2n Rs L1 Rdcr1 IL1 Rpcb1 V1n Rs Cs Rdcr2 L2 Phase2 Rs Rpcb2 Vo FIGURE 13. DIFFERENTIAL-SENSING CURRENT BALANCING CIRCUIT IL2 Cs ISEN1 Phase2 Rs Cs Rpcb3 Phase3 ISEN2 IL3 Rs Rpcb3 Rs L3 INTERNAL TO IC Rdcr3 Rs INTERNAL TO IC Phase Current Balancing Rs L3 ISEN3 where Iomax is the full load current. ISEN3 V3p Rdcr1 L1 Phase1 Rs Rpcb1 IL1 Cs FIGURE 12. CURRENT BALANCING CIRCUIT The ISL6353 monitors individual phase current by monitoring the ISEN1, ISEN2, and ISEN3 pin voltages. Figure 12 shows the current balancing circuit recommended for the ISL6353. Each phase node voltage is averaged by a low-pass filter consisting of Rs and Cs, and presented to the corresponding ISEN pin. A long 21 Sometimes, it is difficult to implement a symmetric layout. For the circuit shown in Figure 12, an asymmetric layout causes different Rpcb1, Rpcb2 and Rpcb3 resulting in phase current imbalance. Figure 13 shows a differential-sensing current balancing circuit recommended for the ISL6353. The current sensing traces should be routed to the inductor pads so they only pick up the inductor DCR voltage. Each ISEN pin sees the average voltage of three sources: its own phase inductor phase-node pad, September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 and the other two phases inductor output pads. Equations 29 through 31 give the ISEN pin voltages: R fset ( Ω ) = 1.293 ⋅ 10 –7 2 ⋅ F SW – 0.1445 ⋅ F SW + 52055 (EQ. 38) V ISEN1 = V 1p + V 2n + V 3n (EQ. 29) V ISEN2 = V 1n + V 2p + V 3n (EQ. 30) The ISL6353 can be configured for 1, 2 or 3-phase operation. V ISEN3 = V 1n + V 2n + V 3p (EQ. 31) For 2-phase configuration, tie the PWM3 pin to VDD. Phase 1 and Phase 2 PWM pulses are 180° out-of-phase. Leave the ISEN3 pin open for 2-phase configuration. The ISL6353 will make VISEN1 = VISEN2 = VISEN3 as in Equations 32 and 33: V 1p + V 2n + V 3n = V 1n + V 2p + V 3n (EQ. 32) V 1n + V 2p + V 3n = V 1n + V 2n + V 3p (EQ. 33) Phase Count Configurations For 1-phase configuration, tie the PWM3 and ISEN2 pins to VDD. In this configuration, only Phase 1 is active. The ISEN3, ISEN2, ISEN1, and FB2 pins are not used because there is no need for current balancing or the FB2 function. Modes of Operation TABLE 3. ISL6353 MODES OF OPERATION Rewriting Equation 32 gives Equation 34: (EQ. 34) V 1p – V 1n = V 2p – V 2n CONFIGURATION PS# 3-phase Configuration PS0 3-phase CCM PS1 2-phase CCM or 1-phase CCM PS2 1-phase DE PS3 1-phase DE PS0 2-phase CCM PS1 1-phase CCM PS2 1-phase DE PS3 1-phase DE PS0 1-phase CCM PS1 1-phase CCM PS2 1-phase DE PS3 1-phase DE and rewriting Equation 33 gives Equation 35: (EQ. 35) V 2p – V 2n = V 3p – V 3n Combining Equations 34 and 35 gives Equation 36: V 1p – V 1n = V 2p – V 2n = V 3p – V 3n (EQ. 36) 2-phase Configuration Therefore: R dcr1 × I L1 = R dcr2 × I L2 = R dcr3 × I L3 (EQ. 37) Current balancing (IL1 = IL2 = IL3) is achieved when Rdcr1 = Rdcr2 = Rdcr3. Rpcb1, Rpcb2 and Rpcb3 will not have any effect. Since the slave ripple capacitor voltages mimic the inductor currents, the R3™ modulator can naturally achieve excellent current balancing during steady-state and dynamic operation. The inductor currents follow the load current dynamic change, with the output capacitors supplying the difference. The inductor currents can track the load current well at low rep rate, but cannot keep up when the rep rate gets into the hundred-kHz range, where it is out of the control loop bandwidth. The controller achieves excellent current balancing in all cases. CCM Switching Frequency The resistor connected between the COMP pin and the VW pin sets the VW windows size, therefore setting the steady state PWM switching frequency. When the ISL6353 is in continuous conduction mode (CCM), the switching frequency is not absolutely constant due to the nature of the R3 modulator. As explained in the “Multiphase R3 Modulator” on page 11, the effective switching frequency will increase during load step-up and will decrease during load step-down to achieve fast transient response. On the other hand, the switching frequency is relatively constant at steady state. Equation 38 gives an estimate of the frequency-setting resistor Rfset value. 20kΩ Rfset gives approximately 300kHz switching frequency. Lower resistance yields higher switching frequency. 22 1-phase Configuration OPERATIONAL MODE Table 3 shows the modes of operation for the various power states programmed using the SetPS command through the SVID bus or by changing the state of the PSI pin. Table 3 is used in conjunction with the status of the PROG2 pin. Refer to Table 7 for the PROG2 programming options. Dynamic Operation The controller responds to VID changes by slewing to the new voltage at a slew rate indicated in the SetVID command. There are three SetVID slew rates SetVID_fast, SetVID_slew and SetVID_decay. The SetVID_fast command prompts the controller to enter CCM and to actively drive the output voltage to the new VID value at a minimum 10mV/µs slew rate. The SetVID_slow command prompts the controller to enter CCM and to actively drive the output voltage to the new VID value at a minimum 2.5mV/µs slew rate. The SetVID_decay command prompts the controller to enter DE mode. The output voltage will decay down to the new VID value at a slew rate determined by the load. If the voltage decay rate is September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 too fast, the controller will limit the voltage slew rate at the SetVID_slow slew rate. system. The VR_HOT# pin will be pulled back high if the voltage on the NTC pin goes above 0.95V. ALERT# will be asserted low at the end of SetVID_fast and SetVID_slow VID transitions. If the voltage on the NTC pin goes below 0.93V the ALERT# pin will be pulled low indicating a thermal alert. ALERT# is reset by checking the status register. ALERT# will be pulled low again if the NTC pin voltage goes above 0.97V. When the ISL6353 is in DE mode, it will actively drive the output voltage up when the VID changes to a higher value. DE operation will resume after reaching the new voltage level. If the load is light enough to warrant DCM, it will enter DCM after the inductor current has crossed zero for four consecutive cycles. The ISL6353 will remain in DE mode when the VID changes to a lower value. The output voltage will decay to the new value and the load will determine the slew rate. Protection Functions The ISL6353 provides overcurrent, current-balance, overvoltage, and over-temperature protection. All the above fault conditions can be reset by bringing VR_ON low or by bringing VDD below the POR threshold. When VR_ON and VDD return to their high operating levels, a soft-start will occur. VR_HOT#/ALERT# BEHAVIOR VR Temperature Temp Zone Bit 7 =1 7 1 Bit 6 =1 3% Hysteris 1111 1111 10 0111 1111 0011 1111 Bit 5 =1 12 OVERCURRENT PROTECTION 0001 1111 The ISL6353 determines overcurrent protection (OCP) by comparing the average value of the measured current Isense with an internal current source threshold. ISL6353 declares OCP when Isense is above the threshold for 120µs. Temp Zone Register 2 8 0001 1111 0011 1111 0111 1111 1111 1111 0111 1111 0011 1111 0001 1111 Status 1 3 = “011” = “001” Register = “001” The way-overcurrent protection threshold is significantly above the standard overcurrent protection threshold. The way-overcurrent function is intended to provide a fast overcurrent detection and action mechanism in a short circuit output condition. Once the way-overcurrent condition is detected, the PWM outputs will immediately shut off and PGOOD will go low to maximize protection. SVID CURRENT BALANCE FAULT The ISL6353 monitors the ISEN pin voltages to detect severe phase current imbalances. If any ISEN pin voltage is more than 20mV different than the average ISEN voltage for 1ms, the controller will declare a fault and latch off. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION The ISL6353 will declare an OVP fault if the output voltage exceeds 175mV above the VID set value + positive offset. In the event of an OVP condition, the OVP pin is pulled high. OVP is blanked during dynamic VID events to prevent false trigger. During soft-start, the OVP threshold is set at 2.33V to avoid a false trigger due to turn on into a precharged output capacitor bank. GerReg Status1 ALERT# 4 VR_HOT# 5 13 6 14 9 15 16 11 FIGURE 14. VR_HOT#/ALERT# BEHAVIOR The controller drives a 60µA current source out of the NTC pin. The current source flows through the NTC resistor network on the pin and creates a voltage that is monitored by the controller through an A/D converter (ADC) to generate the Tzone value. Table 4 shows the typical programming table for Tzone. The user needs to scale the NTC a network resistance such that it generates the NTC pin voltage that corresponds to the left-most column. TABLE 4. TZONE TABLE VNTC (V) TMAX (%) TZONE 0.86 >100 FFh 0.88 100 FFh 0.92 97 7Fh POWER GOOD INDICATOR 0.96 94 3Fh The ISL6353 takes the same actions for all of the above fault protection functions: PGOOD is set low and the high-side and lowside MOSFETs are turned off. Any residual inductor current will decay through the MOSFET body diodes. These fault conditions can be reset by bringing VR_ON low or by bringing VDD below the POR threshold. When VR_ON and VDD return to their high operating levels, a soft-start will occur. 1.00 91 1Fh THERMAL MONITOR GerReg Status1 1.04 88 0Fh 1.08 85 07h 1.12 82 03h 1.16 79 01h 1.20 76 01h >1.20 <76 00h The ISL6353 has a thermal throttling feature. If the voltage on the NTC pin goes below the 0.91V threshold, the VR_HOT# pin is pulled low indicating the need for thermal throttling to the 23 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Figure 14 shows the how the NTC network should be designed to get correct VR_HOT#/ALERT# behavior when the system temperature rises and falls, manifested as the NTC pin voltage falling and rising. The series of events are: 1. The temperature rises so the NTC pin voltage drops. Tzone value changes accordingly. 2. The temperature crosses the threshold where Tzone register Bit 6 changes from 0 to 1. 3. The controller changes Status_1 register bit 1 from 0 to 1. 4. The controller asserts ALERT#. 5. The CPU reads Status_1 register value to know that the alert assertion is due to Tzone register bit 6 flipping. 6. The controller clears ALERT#. 7. The temperature continues rising. 8. The temperature crosses the threshold where Tzone register Bit 7 changes from 0 to 1. 9. The controllers asserts VR_HOT# signal. The CPU throttles back and the system temperature starts dropping eventually. 10. The temperature crosses the threshold where Tzone register bit 6 changes from 1 to 0. This threshold is 1 ADC step lower than the one when VR_HOT# gets asserted, to provide 3% hysteresis. 11. The controllers de-asserts VR_HOT# signal. 12. The temperature crosses the threshold where Tzone register bit 5 changes from 1 to 0. This threshold is 1 ADC step lower than the one when ALERT# gets asserted during the temperature rise to provide 3% hysteresis. 13. The controller changes Status_1 register bit 1 from 1 to 0. 14. The controller asserts ALERT#. 15. The CPU reads Status_1 register value to know that the alert assertion is due to Tzone register bit 5 flipping. 16. The controller clears ALERT#. Table 5 summarizes the fault protection functionality. TABLE 5. FAULT PROTECTION SUMMARY FAULT TYPE Overcurrent Phase Current Unbalance Way-Overcurrent (1.5xOC) FAULT DURATION BEFORE PROTECTION 120µs 1ms PROTECTION ACTION PWM tri-state, VR_ON PGOOD latched low toggle or VDD toggle Immediately Overvoltage +175mV PGOOD latched low. Actively pulls the output voltage to below VID value, then tri-state. 24 FAULT RESET FB2 Function CONTROLLER IN 3 OR 2-PHASE MODE C1 C2.1 R3.1 R1 CONTROLLER IN PS1 OR PS2 MODE R2 R1 FB VSEN E/A C2.2 R3.2 Vref R2 C3 FB VSEN COMP FB2 C1 C2.1 R3.1 C3 E/A C2.2 R3.2 COMP FB2 Vref FIGURE 15. FB2 FUNCTION IN 2-PHASE MODE Figure 15 shows the FB2 function. In order to improve transient response and stability when phases are disabled in PS1 or PS2 mode, the ISL6353 FB2 function allows a second type 3 compensation network to be connected from the output voltage to the FB pin. In PS0 mode of operation the FB2 switch is open (off). In PS1 or PS2 mode of operation the FB2 switch closes (on). The FB2 function ensures excellent transient response in both PS0 mode and PS1/2 mode. If the FB2 function is not needed C2.2 and R3.2 can be unpopulated and the FB2 pin can be left unconnected. Adaptive Body Diode Conduction Time Reduction In DCM, the controller turns off the low-side MOSFET when the inductor current approaches zero. During the on-time of the low-side MOSFET, the phase voltage is negative and the amount is the MOSFET rDS(ON) voltage drop, which is proportional to the inductor current. A phase comparator inside the controller monitors the phase voltage during on-time of the low-side MOSFET and compares it with a threshold to determine the zero-crossing point of the inductor current. If the inductor current has not reached zero when the low-side MOSFET turns off, it will flow through the low-side MOSFET body diode, causing the phase node to have a larger voltage drop until it decays to zero. If the inductor current has crossed zero and reversed the direction when the low-side MOSFET turns off, it will flow through the high-side MOSFET body diode, causing the phase node to have a spike until the current decays to zero. The controller continues monitoring the phase voltage after turning off the low-side MOSFET and adjusts the phase comparator threshold voltage accordingly in iterative steps such that the low-side MOSFET body diode conducts for approximately 40ns to minimize the body diode-related loss. System Parameter Programming PROG1/2 Pins ISL6353 has two system parameter programming pins PROG1 and PROG2. Some system parameters, such as maximum output current, boot voltage, number of phases for PS1 state, can be programmed by changing the resistors connected to these three pins. September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Table 6 shows the definition of PROG1. PROG1 defines the maximum output current setting in the IMAX register of the ISL6353. TABLE 6. DEFINITION OF PROG1 TABLE 7. DEFINITION OF PROG2 (Continued) RPROG2 (Ω) DROOP 3480 WORKING MODE AT PS1 VBOOT (V) Disabled 2 phase CCM (3-phase Configuration) 1-Phase CCM (2-phase configuration) 1.20 4120 Disabled 2 phase CCM (3-phase Configuration) 1-Phase CCM (2-phase configuration) 1.35 4750 Disabled 2 phase CCM (3-phase Configuration) 1-Phase CCM (2-phase configuration) 1.50 RPROG1 (Ω) IMAX 3-PHASE MODE (A) IMAX 2-PHASE MODE(A) IMAX 1-PHASE MODE (A) 158 99 66 33 475 90 60 30 787 84 56 28 1100 81 54 27 1430 75 50 25 1740 69 46 23 2050 66 44 22 5360 Disabled 1 phase CCM 1.50 2370 60 40 20 6040 Disabled 1 phase CCM 1.35 2870 54 36 18 6650 Disabled 1 phase CCM 1.20 3480 51 34 17 7500 Disabled 1 phase CCM 0 4120 45 30 15 4750 39 26 13 SVID ADDRESS Setting Table 7 shows the definition of PROG2. PROG2 defines the boot voltage, enable/disable droop and the working mode for PS1. TABLE 8. SVID ADDRESS DEFINITION TABLE 7. DEFINITION OF PROG2 RPROG2 (Ω) DROOP WORKING MODE AT PS1 VBOOT (V) 158 Enabled 1-phase CCM 0 475 Enabled 1- phase CCM 1.20 787 Enabled 1-phase CCM 1.35 1100 Enabled 1- phase CCM 1.50 1430 Enabled 2-Phase CCM (3-Phase Configuration) 1-Phase CCM (2-phase configuration) 1.50 2-Phase CCM (3-Phase Configuration) 1-Phase CCM (2-phase configuration) 1.35 2-Phase CCM (3-Phase Configuration) 1-Phase CCM (2-phase configuration) 1.20 2-Phase CCM (3-Phase Configuration) 1-Phase CCM (2-Phase configuration) 0 2-Phase CCM (3-Phase Configuration) 1-Phase CCM (2-Phase configuration) 0 1740 2050 2370 2870 Enabled Enabled Enabled Disabled 25 The SVID address of ISL6353 can be programmed by changing the resistor connected to the ADDR pin. Table 8 shows the SVID address definition. RADDR (Ω) ADDRESS 158 0 475 1 787 2 1100 3 1430 4 1740 5 2050 6 2370 7 2870 8 3480 9 4120 A 4750 B 5360 C 6040 D External Control of VOUT and Power State VSET1/2, PSI For additional design flexibility, the ISL6353 has 3 pins that can be used to set the output voltage and power state of the regulator with external signals independent of the serial communication bus register settings. September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 VSET1 and VSET2 can be used to set the output voltage of the regulator. Table 9 shows the available options. If VSET1 and VSET2 are connected to ground, the controller will refer only to the SVID register setting to program the output voltage. If any other logic combination is used on VSET1/2, the controller will ignore the SVID register setting and program the output voltage based on Table 8 for soft-start and steady state. Supported Serial VID Data And Configuration Registers The controller supports the following data and configuration registers. TABLE 11. SUPPORTED DATA AND CONFIGURATION REGISTERS TABLE 9. VSET1/2 PIN DEFINITION INDEX REGISTER NAME DEFAULT VALUE DESCRIPTION VBOOT from PROG2 (V) Vendor ID Uniquely identifies the VR vendor. Assigned by Intel. 12h VSET2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE 00h VSET1 1.5 0 0 SVID Setting 01h Product ID 35h 1.5 0 1 1.35V Uniquely identifies the VR product. Intersil assigns this number. 1.5 1 0 1.6V 02h 1.5 1 1 1.65V Product Revision 1.35 0 0 SVID Setting Uniquely identifies the revision of the VR control IC. Intersil assigns this data. 1.35 0 1 1.2V 05h Protocol ID Identifies which revision of SVID 01h protocol the controller supports. 1.35 1 0 1.4V 06h Capability 1.35 1 1 1.45V 1.2 0 0 SVID Setting 81h Identifies the SVID VR capabilities and which of the optional telemetry registers are supported. 1.2 0 1 1.1V 10h Status_1 1.2 1 0 1.25V 1.2 1 1 1.3V 0 0 0 SVID Setting Data register read after ALERT# 00h signal; indicating if a VR rail has settled, has reached VRHOT condition or has reached ICC max. 0 0 1 1.05V 11h Status_2 Data register showing Status_2 00h communication. 0 1 0 1.55V 12h 0 1 1 1.15V Temperature Zone Data register showing temperature zones that have been entered. 15h IOUT 00h Data register showing output current information. The voltage at the IMON pin is digitized and stored in this register. 1Ch Status_2_ LastRead This register contains a copy of 00h the Status_2 data that was last read with the GetReg (Status_2) command. 21h ICC max Data register containing the ICC Refer to max the platform supports; set Table 6 at start-up by resistor on PROG1 pin. The platform design engineer programs this value during the design process. Binary format in amps, for example 100A = 64h. 24h SR-fast Slew Rate Normal. The fastest slew rate the platform VR can sustain. Binary format in mV/µs. i.e. 0Ah = 10mV/µs. 25h SR-slow Is 4x slower than normal. Binary 02h format in mV/µs. i.e. 02h = 2.5mV/µs The PSI pin can be used to set the power state of the regulator as indicated on Table 10. If PSI is connected to ground the controller will refer only to the SVID register contents to set the power state. If PSI is pulled high, the controller will enter the PS2 state. If PSI is connected to a high impedance, the controller will enter the PS1 state. TABLE 10. PSI PIN DEFINITION PSI ADDRESS 0 Internal SVID Power State High-Z PS1 1 PS2 26 00h 0Ah September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 TABLE 11. SUPPORTED DATA AND CONFIGURATION REGISTERS (Continued) REGISTER NAME INDEX DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE 26h Vboot If programmed by the platform, Refer to the VR supports VBOOT voltage Table 6 during start-up ramp. The VR will ramp to VBOOT and hold at VBOOT until it receives a new SetVID command to move to a different voltage. 30h Vout max This register is programmed by FBh the master and sets the maximum VID the VR will support. If a higher VID code is received, the VR will respond with “not supported” acknowledge. 31h VID Setting Data register containing currently programmed VID voltage. VID data format. 00h 32h Power State Register containing the programmed power state. 00h 33h Voltage Offset Sets offset in VID steps added to 00h the VID setting for voltage margining. Bit 7 is a sign bit, 0 = positive margin, 1 = negative margin. Remaining 7 bits are # VID steps for the margin. 00h = no margin, 01h = +1 VID step 02h = +2 VID steps... 34h Multi VR Config Data register that configures multiple VRs behavior on the same SVID bus. VR1: 00h VR2: 01h Layout Guidelines ISL6353 PIN NUMBER SYMBOL LAYOUT GUIDELINES BOTTOM PAD GND Connect this ground pad to the ground plane through low impedance path. Recommend use of at least 5 vias to connect to ground planes in PCB internal layers. 1, 2, 3 SDA, ALERT#, SCLK 4, 5, 6, 7, 22, 28, 36, 37, 38, 39 VR_ON, PGOOD, IMON, VR_HOT#, PROG1, PWM3, PSI, VSET1, VSET2, OVP 8 NTC The NTC thermistor needs to be placed close to the thermal source that is monitored to determine the desired VR_HOT# and thermal ALERT# toggling. Recommend placing it at the hottest spot of the ISL6353 based regulator. 9 VW Place the resistor and capacitor from VW to COMP in close proximity of the controller. Follow Intel recommendations. No special consideration. 27 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Layout Guidelines (Continued) ISL6353 PIN NUMBER 10, 11, 12 13, 14, 15 SYMBOL COMP, FB, FB2 LAYOUT GUIDELINES Place the compensator components in general proximity of the controller ISEN3, Each ISEN pin has a capacitor (Cisen) decoupling it to VSUMN, then through another capacitor (Cvsumn) to GND. Place ISEN2, ISEN1 Cisen capacitors as close as possible to the controller and keep the following loops small: 1. Any ISEN pin to another ISEN pin 2. Any ISEN pin to GND The red traces in the following drawing show the loops that need to minimized. Phase1 L3 Ro Risen ISEN3 Cisen Phase2 Vo L2 Ro Risen ISEN2 Cisen Phase3 Risen ISEN1 GND 16, 17 VSEN, RTN 18, 19 ISUMN, ISUMP L1 Ro Vsumn Cisen Cvsumn Place the VSEN/RTN filter in close proximity of the controller for good decoupling. Route these signals differentially from the remote sense location back to the controller. Place the current sensing circuit in general proximity of the controller. Place capacitor Cn very close to the controller. Place the NTC thermistor next to the phase 1 inductor so it senses the inductor temperature correctly. Each phase of the power stage sends a pair of VSUMP and VSUMN signals to the controller. Run these two signals traces in parallel fashion. IMPORTANT: Sense the inductor current by routing the sensing circuit to the inductor pads. If possible, route the traces on a different layer from the inductor pad layer and use vias to connect the traces to the center of the pads. If no via is allowed on the pad, consider routing the traces into the pads from the inside of the inductor. The following drawings show the two preferred ways of routing current sensing traces. If possible connect the traces to the inductor pad in only one place and isolate this connection from other planes of the same net that may be present on other layers. Also make the connections a symmetric as possible for all phases. Inductor Inductor Vias Current-Sensing Traces 20 VDD Place the decoupling capacitor a close as possible to this pin. 21 VIN Place the decoupling capacitor a close as possible to this pin. 28 Current-Sensing Traces September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Layout Guidelines (Continued) ISL6353 PIN NUMBER SYMBOL 23 BOOT1 24, 25 UG1, PH1 26 GND Connect this pin to ground right next to the controller or to the exposed pad underneath the controller. 27 LG1 Use a fairly wide trace (>30mil). Avoid routing or crossing any sensitive analog signals near this trace. 29 VDDP 30 LG2 Use a fairly wide trace (>30mil). Avoid routing or crossing any sensitive analog signals near this trace. 31 GND Connect this pin to ground right next to the controller or to the exposed pad underneath the controller. 32, 33 PH2, UG2 34 BOOT2 Use fairly wide trace (>30mil). Avoid routing or crossing any sensitive analog signals near this trace. 35 PROG2 Place resistor close to the controller. 40 ADDR Place resistor close to the controller. LAYOUT GUIDELINES Use a fairly wide trace (>30mil). Avoid routing or crossing any sensitive analog signals near this trace. Run these two traces in parallel with fairly wide traces (>30mil). Avoid routing or crossing any sensitive analog signals near this trace. Recommend routing the PH1 trace to the phase 1 high-side MOSFET source pins instead of general copper. Place the decoupling capacitor a close as possible to this pin. Run these two traces in parallel with fairly wide traces (>30mil). Avoid routing or crossing any sensitive analog signals near this trace. Recommend routing the PH1 trace to the phase 1 high-side MOSFET source pins instead of general copper. Revision History The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you have the latest Rev. DATE REVISION 09/15/2011 FN6897.0 CHANGE Initial Release. Products Intersil Corporation is a leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance analog semiconductors. The Company's products address some of the industry's fastest growing markets, such as, flat panel displays, cell phones, handheld products, and notebooks. Intersil's product families address power management and analog signal processing functions. Go to www.intersil.com/products for a complete list of Intersil product families. For a complete listing of Applications, Related Documentation and Related Parts, please see the respective device information page on intersil.com: ISL6353 To report errors or suggestions for this datasheet, please go to www.intersil.com/askourstaff FITs are available from our website at http://rel.intersil.com/reports/search.php For additional products, see www.intersil.com/product_tree Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems as noted in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/design/quality Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com 29 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0 ISL6353 Package Outline Drawing L40.5x5 40 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE Rev 1, 9/10 4X 3.60 5.00 A B 36X 0.40 6 PIN #1 INDEX AREA 3.50 5.00 6 PIN 1 INDEX AREA 0.15 (4X) 40X 0.4± 0 .1 BOTTOM VIEW TOP VIEW 0.20 b 4 0.10 M C A B PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.40 0.750 SEE DETAIL “X” SIDE VIEW 3.50 5.00 0.050 // 0.10 C C BASE PLANE SEATING PLANE 0.08 C (36X 0.40 0.2 REF (40X 0.20) C (40X 0.60) 5 0.00 MIN 0.05 MAX TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN DETAIL "X" NOTES: 1. Dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only. 2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994. 3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05 4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.27mm from the terminal tip. 5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature. 6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 indentifier may be 7. JEDEC reference drawing: MO-220WHHE-1 either a mold or mark feature. 30 September 15, 2011 FN6897.0