MC44S803 Rev 2.0, 09/2008 Freescale Semiconductor Technical Data Low Power CMOS Broadband Tuner MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor’s MC44S803 is a 3.3 Volt, low power, high performance, single-chip CMOS, broadband tuner. This chip offers a cost-effective, low-power solution for high-performance analog and digital TV market. This highly integrated third generation silicon tuner covers a 48 MHz to 1 GHz RF input and converts to a 30 MHz to 60 MHz IF frequency. The 861 MHz to 1 GHz frequency range is supported with reduced performance. The single-chip broadband tuner uses a double-conversion architecture, which eliminates tracking filters and their manually aligned coils. Two IF outputs are provided to support systems with multiple demodulators (e.g. one digital demodulator and one analog TV demodulator). The MC44S803 is designed to meet all Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS), ATSC specifications for 8VSB, 64- and 256-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) as well as the NorDig Unified 1.0.3 specifications for Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) for DVB-T. The device is available in a Pb-free 64-pin quad leadless package (QFN). LOW POWER CMOS BROADBAND TUNER Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Low power consumption (746 mW typical) Single 3.3 V supply operation Programmable power down mode with fast start-up Variable-gain Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) with 40 dB gain control range Ability to switch between two external analog control voltages for LNA Two fully integrated frequency synthesizers Fully integrated tuned circuit Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) Fully integrated VCO varactors (requires only one external inductor) Second IF variable gain amplifier Flexible reference oscillator circuit (4.0 MHz to 28 MHz crystal) Reference oscillator buffer to drive additional tuners or modulators Choice of I2C or SPI interface control buses Internal self-diagnostic circuits Typical CTB of -63 dBc, CSO of -63 dBc and XMod of -55 dBc Typical noise figure of 7.0 dB Phase noise -89 dBc/Hz, typical @ 10 kHz offset Amp XTAL ORDERING INFORMATION Device MC44S803EP 1st IF 2nd IF BPF BPF Mixer Mixer Amp VCO VCO Digital Dual Synth Analog OSC 2 SPI / I C Control I/O Regulator Figure 1. MC44S803 Functional Block Diagram This document contains certain information on a new product. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2006 - 2008. All rights reserved. Temp. Range 0°C to +85°C IF AGC Control Amp RF In AGC AGC EP SUFFIX 64-LEAD QFN PACKAGE CASE 1606-01 3.3 V Package RoHS 64 QFN yes OVERVIEW Typical applications for the MC44S803 include cable data modems, cable TV (CATV) set-top boxes (analog & digital), computer TV tuner cards (analog & digital), analog TV sets, digital terrestrial TV sets, digital terrestrial adapters, home DVD-R and DVR/PVR. 30 – 60 MHz 2nd IF 1086 MHz Nominal 1st IF BPF 53 54 BPF 44 41 45 42 28 29 48 – 1000 MHz RF AGC0 RF AGC1 External Loop Filter 59 61 Diff LNA Mixer 2 Pre Amplifier 1 Post Amplifier 2 26 1042 MHz Nominal Charge Pump 1 To Analog Demodulator Divide by N1 25 VCO Quadrature Generator Phase Detector 1 33 Divide by N2 Shut Dn Gain Select Phase Detector 2 Charge Pump 2 LPF Divide by R3 Divide by R1 External Loop Filter 34 250/125/62.5 kHz Amplifier Divide by R2 Data Registers 19 2 OSC 20 24 VCO 51 22 AGC Control 23 1077 to 2150 MHz 21 31 To Digital Demodulator Input Power Detector VCO 50 LPF Pre Amplifier 2 Mixer 1 62 VCO Oscillator Buffer IF AGC Amp IF Amp 58 RF Input 3.3 V Freescale MC44S803 Silicon Tuner IC SPI / I2C Bus Interface 4 to 28 MHz Digital AGC 17 SS/Addr 1 MISO/Addr 2 SCLK 14 13 16 15 1.8 V Regulator 3 BusSelect MOSI/SDA Figure 2. Generation 3 CMOS Silicon Tuner IC Block Diagram Figure 2 shows the major sections of the MC44S803. The input frequency range is 48 MHz to 1 GHz. RF signal reception from 861 MHz to 1 GHz is supported with reduced performance. The RF input signal enters the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) after passing though the external diplex filter. The signal is then up converted to 1086 MHz (1086 MHz is an example frequency, not a limitation or recommendation) and passed through the first IF filter. This first IF SAW can be replaced with a lower cost filter (determined by application). The filtered signal is then routed back onto the chip where it is down converted to the second IF center frequency. This is fed to the second IF channel filter. The signal enters the IC again to go through the second IF variable gain output amplifier that gets an analog AGC control voltage from the demodulator. The output can be switched between two output ports. This provides support for systems with multiple demodulators (e.g. one digital demodulator and one analog TV demodulator). Many of the amplifiers in the IC have programmable gain to balance the gain budget for a given application. Amplifier gains are typically set as part of the initialization sequence at power up, then do not need to be changed after that. All programming and configuration control is accomplished via an industry standard I2C or SPI interface bus. Additional features of the MC44S803 include: • 3.3 V ±5% single supply operation • Internal 1.8 V tracking regulator • High linearity and reduced current • Reduced gain roll off at high frequencies • 40 dB gain control range in LNA, digitally or analog voltage controlled. • 36 dB gain control range in IF, analog voltage controlled. • Ability to switch between two control voltages for use with digital and analog demodulators • Fully integrated VCO varactors (only one VCO inductor required) • Reference crystal frequency range from 4.0 to 28 MHz MC44S803 2 Freescale Semiconductor PIN DESCRIPTION Table 1 lists the pin out of the MC44S803. In addition to the 64 leads, there is a grounding pad on the bottom of the package, which is soldered to the PCB. Pin Number Signal Name 31 2ndIFAGC 32 VDD 3.3 Volt, Synth 2 power supply 33 LF2 Loop Filter 2 34 LF2Rtn 35 VCO2RegByp 36 VDD 3.3 Volt, VDDVCO2 power supply. (Bypass cap should return to pin 34 VSSRefVCO2) 37 VCO2Cap Bypass Cap for VCO 2. (Return cap to pin 34 VSSRefVCO2) Return for VCO 1b Inductor 38 VCO2L1 Inductor for VCO 2 Inductor for VCO 1b 39 VCO2L2 Return for VCO 2 Inductor Return for VCO 1a Inductor 40 VDD Inductor for VCO 1a 41 IFAmpOP IF Amplifier Output Plus IF Amplifier Output Minus Table 1. Pin Descriptions (Listed by Pin Number) Pin Number Signal Name 1 VCO1RegByp 2 VDD 3 VCO1Cap 4 VCO1LCRtn 5 VCO1LC 6 VCO1LBRtn 7 VCO1LB 8 VCO1LARtn Table 1. Pin Descriptions (Listed by Pin Number) Description Bypass for VCO 1 Reg.,No Connect (Recommended) 3.3 Volt, VCO1 power supply, (Bypass caps should return to pin 64, VSSRBias) Bypass Cap for VCO 1 (Return cap to pin 64, VSSRBias) Return for VCO 1c Inductor Inductor for VCO 1c Description Second IF AGC Control. VSSRefVCO2. Return for Loop Filter 2 Bypass for VCO 2 Reg., No Connect (Recommended) 3.3 Volt, IF AMP power supply 9 VCO1LA 10 TestP Test Pin Plus 42 IFAmpOM 11 TestM Test Pin Minus 43 VSS 12 VDD 3.3 Volt, SPI power supply 44 PreMix2InM Mixer 2 Preamp Input Minus Serial Clock 45 PreMix2InP Mixer 2 Preamp Input Plus MISO / Address bit 2. (Internal pull-up for “1”; Ground for “0”) 46 VDD 3.3 Volt, M2IF power supply 47 NC No Internal Connection 48 NC No Internal Connection 49 VDD 3.3 Volt, Synth 1 power supply 50 LF1 First LO Loop Filter 51 LF1Rtn 13 SClk 14 MISO_Adr2 15 BusSel 16 SDA_MOSI 17 SS_Adr1 SPI/I2C Bus Select. (Internal pullup for “1”; Ground for “0”) SDA / MOSI Slave Select / Address bit 1. (Internal pull-up for “1”; Ground for “0”) VSS IF AMP VSS Ref VCO1. Return for Loop Filter 1 18 VDD 3.3 Volt, OSC power supply 52 VDD 3.3 Volt, Mixer 1 power supply 19 Xtal2 Crystal Input 2 53 Mix1OP First Mixer Output Plus 20 Xtal1 Crystal Input 1 54 Mix1OM First Mixer Output Minus LNABias LNA Bias 21 RefOutP Ref. Osc. Buffer In/Output Plus 55 22 RefOutM Ref. Osc. Buffer In/Output Minus 56 VDD 23 DigIFOM Digital IF Out Minus 57 LNAInPL Inductor for RF In Plus 24 DigIFOP Digital IF Out Plus 58 LNAInP RF Input Plus LNAInM RF Input Minus 3.3 Volt, LNA power supply 25 AnIFOP Analog IF Out Plus 59 26 AnIFOM Analog IF Out Minus 60 LNAInML Inductor for RF In Minus 27 VDD 3.3 Volt, IF AGC power supply 61 FEAGC_A FE AGC Control A 28 IFAGCInM IF AGC Amplifier Input Minus (Internally cap coupled) 62 FEAGC_B FE AGC Control B 63 RBias IF AGC Amplifier Input Plus (Internally cap coupled) 64 RBiasRtn Return for RBias 65 Gnd_Pad Ground pad on bottom of package 29 IFAGCInP 30 AnTest Analog Test Pin Bias Setting Resistor MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 3 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Table 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute maximum continuous ratings are those maximum values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Exposure to these conditions or conditions beyond those indicated may adversely affect device reliability. Functional operation at absolute maximum rated conditions is not implied. Symbol Min Max Units Supply Voltage Characteristic VDD -0.3 +3.6 V Any Input Voltage Vin -0.3 VDD + 0.3 V Storage Temperature Range Tstg -65 +150 °C Table 3. General Specifications Characteristic Symbol Min Units ESD Protection (Machine Model) MM 200 V ESD Protection (Human Body Model)(1) HBM 2000 V LU 200 mA Latch-Up Immunity 1. MIL STD 883C method 3015-7. Table 4. Recommended Operating Conditions Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max VDD +3.135 +3.3 +3.465 V TA 0 — +85 °C Supply Voltage Ambient Temperature Units Table 5. Typical DC Power Consumption Power Mode Supply (V) Power (mW) CTB (dBc) CSO (dBc) XMOD (dBc) Low (–3 dBmV Attack) 3.3 746 -59 -58 -55 High (0 dBmV Attack) 3.3 1040 -63 -63 -55 Table 6 specifies the tuner performance with low power settings for the reference design shown in Figure 30, which includes the applicable filtering. Note that this tuner can be operated in an extended frequency band of 861 MHz to 1000 MHz. In this extended band, Gain Variation and Noise Figure specs increase 1.0 dB. TEST CONDITIONS: • • • • VDD = 3.3 V TA = 25°C Second IF = 44 MHz RF Frequency Range = 57 to 861 MHz Parameter Atten Pre Amp1 Mix1 Pst Amp2 IF Amp Gain 0 dB Nom — 8.3 dB 6.0 dB Power — Low Low Low Low MC44S803 4 Freescale Semiconductor Table 6. Tuner Performance (Low Power Settings) Data for VCC = 3.3V, 25C RFAGC for minimum attenuation = 2.0V Min Typ Max Units Supply Current — Low power mode Parameter — 211 — mA Supply Current — All blocks shutdown — 12 14 mA Noise Figure Channel 57 MHz — 6.8 8.0 dB Noise Figure Channel 861 MHz — 7.5 8.5 dB Noise Figure Channel 1000 MHz — 8.2 9.3 dB 57 MHz 88 91 95 dB 861 MHz 84 87 91 dB 1000 MHz 83 86 90 dB 57 MHz 80 84 87 dB 861 MHz 76 80 83 dB 1000 MHz Conversion Gain — All max settings Conversion Gain — All min settings 75 79 82 dB Gain Variation — Variation in Gain for one tuner over 57MHz-861MHz — 4.2 — dB IF Gain Flatness — within any channel — — ±0.5 dB RF AGC Range — 40 — dB IF AGC Range 0.5 V to 3.3 V — 36 — dB — — — — -59 -55 dBmV dBmV Spurious at Output Terminals — -65 — dBc 2nd IF Image Rejection (Tuner board uses an external lst IF SAW for image rejection) 64 — — dB Distortions with -3 dBmV AGC Attack Point (99 Channels) Spurious at Input Terminals: 5 to 42 MHz 54 to 861 MHz — — — — Beats within the output — -57 -49 dBc Cross-Modulation Ratio — -55 -47 dBc Composite Second Order (CSO) — -58 -54 dBc Composite Triple Beat (CTB) — -59 -54 dBc Phase Noise @ 1 kHz — -92 — dBc/Hz Phase Noise @ 10 kHz — -89 — dBc/Hz Phase Noise @ 100 kHz — -100 — dBc/Hz Phase Noise @ 1 MHz — -128 — dBc/Hz Table 7 specifies the tuner performance with high power settings for the reference design shown in Figure 30, which includes the applicable filtering. Note that this tuner can be operated in an extended frequency band of 861 MHz to 1000 MHz. In this extended band, Gain Variation and Noise Figure specs increase 1.0 dB. Parameter Atten Pre Amp1 Gain 0 dB Power — TEST CONDITIONS: • • • • VDD = 3.3 V TA = 25°C Second IF = 44 MHz RF Frequency Range = 57 to 861 MHz Mix1 Pst Amp2 IF Amp Nom — 8.3 dB 6.0 dB Nom High Nom Nom MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 5 Table 7. Tuner Performance (High Power Settings) Data for VCC = 3.3 V, 25°C, RFAGC for minimum attenuation = 2.0 V Min Typ Max Units Supply Current — Nominal power mode Parameter — 315 — mA Supply Current — All blocks shutdown — 12 14 mA Noise Figure Channel 57 MHz — 6.6 7.5 dB Noise Figure Channel 861 MHz — 8.2 9.0 dB Noise Figure Channel 1000 MHz — 9.0 10.0 dB 57 MHz 88 91 95 dB 861 MHz 84 87 91 dB 1000 MHz 83 86 90 dB 57 MHz 80 84 87 dB 861 MHz 76 80 83 dB Conversion Gain — All max settings Conversion Gain — All min settings 1000 MHz 75 79 82 dB Gain Variation — Variation in Gain for one tuner over 57MHz--861MHz — 4.2 — dB IF Gain Flatness — within any channel — — ±0.5 dB RF AGC Range — 40 — dB IF AGC Range 0.5 V to 3.3 V — 36 — dB Spurious at Input Terminals: — — — 5 to 42 MHz — — -59 dBmV 54 to 861 MHz — — -55 dBmV Spurious at Output Terminals — -60 — dBc 2nd IF Image Rejection 64 — — dB Distortions with 0 dBmV AGC Attack Point — — — — Beats within the output — -59 -52 dBc Cross-Modulation Ratio — -56 -52 dBc Composite Second Order (CSO) — -66 -54 dBc Composite Triple Beat (CTB) — -63 -57 dBc — — — — Beats within the output — -60 -52 dBc Cross-Modulation Ratio — -61 -57 dBc Composite Second Order (CSO) — -66 -58 dBc Composite Triple Beat (CTB) — -66 -62 dBc Phase Noise @ 1 kHz — -92 — dBc/Hz Phase Noise @ 10 kHz — -89 — dBc/Hz Phase Noise @ 100 kHz — -100 — dBc/Hz Phase Noise @ 1 MHz — -128 — dBc/Hz Distortions with -3 dBmV AGC Attack Point MC44S803 6 Freescale Semiconductor Figure 3. RFinput Impedance MC44S803 Drawing MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 7 DIGITAL INTERFACE The digital control interface has the capability to interface with Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or I2C buses. Five pins are shared between the two buses. A Bus Select pin, (BusSel), as shown in Table 8, is used to determine which bus will be used. The BUSSEL pin has an internal pull-up resistor. For a logic one the pin may be left open and for a logic zero it should be connected to ground. For the I2C bus, two pins are used to select one of four I2C addresses. This allows up to four tuners on the same bus for applications that use multiple tuners. The two pins used for the I2C bus are the Clock and Data pins. The data pin is bi-directional. The SPI bus uses four pins: Slave Select (SS), Serial Clock (SCLK), Master Out Slave In (MOSI), and Master In Slave Out (MISO). Data is read from the part through the MISO pin. For multiple tuner application using the SPI interface, each device shares the Clock, MOSI and MISO lines. Each device is supplied its own Slave Select line. The Slave Select and MISO pins for the SPI share the same pins as the two address lines for the I2C bus. Internally, the two buses share the same Control, Data, and Shift registers that interface with each section of the IC. Table 8. Interface Bus Selection Bus Select Pin Interface Standard 0 SPI 1 I2 C SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI) OPERATION A 24-bit shift register is used to shift data in and out of the device. The input data stream is clocked on the rising edge of SCLK into a shift register with the MSB first. If more than 24 bits are clocked in only the last 24 bits inputted are recognized. If less than 24 bits are required, only the required bits need to be clocked in. No back filling is required. The output data stream is clocked out of the shift register on the falling edge of SCLK with the MSB first. The bus master samples the MISO line on the rising edge of SCLK. Every SPI operation is both a read and a write operation, since the data is input on one pin and output on a different pin. Read data out while clocking data in. The data stored in the shift register is loaded into one of the appropriate registers after the rising edge of SS. The 4 LSBs are the Control Register Address Bits. I2C OPERATION The same 24-bit shift register is used to shift data in and out of the part. The input data stream is clocked in on the rising edge of SCLK into the shift register with the MSB first. The IC Address and R/W bit are sent first. This allows the IC to determine if it is the device that is being communicated with. After that, 24 bits are clocked in to control the IC. If less than 24 bits are required, then 16 or 8 bits could be used. In other words, commands can be sent in 1, 2, or 3 byte increments depending on the requirements for the particular control register you are writing to. Data can be read back from the IC in 1, 2, or 3 byte increments also. The Master controls the clock line, whether writing to the part or reading from it. After each byte that is sent, the device that receives it sends an acknowledge bit. The output data stream is clocked out of the shift register on the falling edge of SCLK and valid on the rising edge, with the MSB first. The data stored in the shift register is loaded into one of the appropriate registers after the Stop Condition is sent. The 4 LSBs are the Control Register Address Bits. MC44S803 8 Freescale Semiconductor READ OPERATION PROTOCOL The following flowchart is provided to show the steps required to read out a particular Data Register. Note that when using the SPI interface, since there are separate lines for data in (MOSI) and data out (MISO), each SPI operation is both a read and a write operation. But the data being read out is not affected by the command that is actively being written to the IC. The command doesn’t take effect until the SPI operation is completed. I2C Interface SPI Interface Start Condition is sent along with IC Address and R/W bit set to W SS line is brought low The desired Data Register Address is sent to the data Register Address Control Register The desired Data Register Address is sent to the data Register Address Control Register Data coming out of MISO line is from the previously selected Data Register Stop Condition is sent Start Condition is sent along with IC Address and R/W bit set to R SS line is brought high SS line is brought low The desired Data is read from the IC Next Command or an innocuous command is sent Stop Condition is sent The desired Data is read out on the MISO line SS line is brought high Figure 4. Read Operation Protocol ADDRESSES There are three type of addresses referred to in this document. I2C DEVICE ADDRESS Since the I2C bus is a two-wire bus that does not have a separate select line, each IC on the bus has a unique address. This address is sent each time an IC is communicated with. The address is the first seven bits that are sent to the IC. The eighth bit sent is the R/W bit, it determines whether the master will read from or write to the IC. Five fixed bits and two pin selectable bits set the address of this IC. Address bit 2 is set with the MISO/Addr2 pin. Address bit 1 is set with the SS/Addr1 pin. CONTROL REGISTER ADDRESS Each command that is sent to the IC is stored in its corresponding Control Register. The Control Register Address specifies which command is being sent. DATA REGISTER ADDRESS There are 16 registers for data that can be read from the IC. The Data Register Address specifies which register is read during the next read operation. The address of the desired data register is stored in the Control Register called Data Register Address. Table 9. I2C IC Address MSB LSB IC Address 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 R/W 1 1 0 0 0 X X X MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 9 DIGITAL INTERFACE TIMING SPI TIMING SPI buses can have one of four serial clock phase and polarity combinations. Freescale microcontrollers should be configured using CPOL = 0 and clock phase, CPHA = 0. See the product documentation for more information. A clock polarity of 0 simply means that the slave samples MOSI line and master samples MISO line on the rising edge of the SCLK. A clock phase of 0 means that the first edge on the SCLK line is used to clock the first data bit of the slave into the master and the first data bit of the master into the slave. MOSI and MISO transition on the falling edge of SCLK. The MISO pin has an open drain output that is pulled up by an external resistor. This allows multiple tuners to share the same MISO line. The output from the MISO line can be disabled by programming the SO bit of the Reset/SO Enable register to 0. The MISO line is disabled at power up and reset. The first bit out of MISO is repeated. For 24 bits clocked out, the last three bits are fixed as 110. The SPI/I2C interface lines are 5.0 V tolerant. Therefore, they can be pulled up to 5.0 V if that is required to interface with the microprocessor in a given application. tCWH SCLK tCWL tCS MOSI MSB:R19 R18 R0 A3 A2 A1 LSB:A0 MISO MSB:D19 D19 D1 D0 1 1 LSB:0 There is a maximum of 20 data bits, the rest are fixed tSSH SS tL tT Sample Input MOSI/MISO Figure 5. SPI Timing Diagram Table 10. SPI Interface Bus Specifications See Figure 5 for timing references. Characteristic(1) Symbol Min Typ Max Units Low Level Output Voltage VOL — — 0.4 V High Level Input Voltage VIH 2.3 — — V Low Level Input Voltage VIL — — 1.0 V Absolute Maximum Input Voltage VIN — — 5.5 V fSCLK — — 2.0 MHz tCS — — — ns Clock Pulse Width High tCWH — — — ns Clock Pulse Width Low tCWL — — — ns Leading, SS Falling to SCK Rising tL — — — ns Trailing, SCK Falling to SS Rising tT — — — ns tSSH — — — ns SCLK Frequency Data to Clock Set Up Time SS Pulse Width High 1. Unless otherwise noted; VDD = 3.3 Vdc, VSS = GND = 0 Vdc, 0 < TA < 85°C. MC44S803 10 Freescale Semiconductor INTER-IC (I2C) INTERFACE TIMING S SDA Master Writes to Slave MSB IC Address R/W AD7 AD1 0 Control Byte 2 Slave Ack R19 R12 Control Byte 1 Slave Ack R11 LSB Ctrl Nibble 0 Reg Addr Slave Ack R4 R3 R0 A3 A0 Slave Ack P S tBUF SCLK tHD;STA Start Condition Sample Input tHIGH tf tr SDA AD7 AD1 1 tSU;STO tHD;DAT Master Reads from Slave MSB IC Address R/W S tSU;DAT tLOW Data Byte 2 Slave Ack D19 D12 Data Byte 1 Master Ack D11 D4 Stop Condition LSB Data Nibble 0 1 1 0 0 Master Ack P D3 D0 1 0 Master Not Ack SCLK tSP Start Condition There is a maximum of 20 data bits, the rest are fixed Stop Condition Figure 6. I2C Timing Diagram Table 11. I2C Interface Bus Specifications Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units VOL 0 0 0.4 0.2 VDD V High Level Input Voltage VIH 0.7 VDD VDDmax+0.5 V Low Level Input Voltage VIL –0.5 0.3 VDD V Absolute Max Input Voltage — — 5.0 V Vhys 0.05 VDD 0.1 VDD — — V Cin — 10 pF Low Level Output Voltage Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger Inputs Capacitance for each I/O Pin(1) Pulse Width of Spikes Filtered Out VDD > 2.0 V VDD < 2.0 V VDD > 2.0 V VDD < 2.0 V tSP 0 50 nS fSCLK 0 800 kHz Hold Time Start Condition tHD;STA 500 — ns Set-Up Time for Repeated Start tSU;STA 500 — ns Data Set-Up Time tSU;DAT 100 — ns Data Hold Time tHD;DAT 0 — ns Set-Up Time for Stop Condition tSU;STO 500 — ns Low Period of the SCLK Clock tLOW 0.6 — µs High Period of the SCLK Clock SCLK Frequency tHIGH 0.6 — µs Rise Time of both SDA and SCLK tr 20 + 0.1Cb 300 ns Fall Time of both SDA and SCLK tf 20 + 0.1Cb 300 ns tBUF 200 — ns Bus Free Time between Stop and Start 1. Cb = total capacitance of one bus line in pF. MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 11 CONTROL REGISTER DEFINITIONS Each Control Register controls a different area of the IC. The description of each register follows. written to is a function of the Control Register Address Bits. These are the 4 LSBs, A3 to A0. CONTROL REGISTER FORMAT There is a set of control registers that are programmed to tune and adjust the IC. Which particular control register is MSB LSB R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 Control Register Bits A2 A1 A0 Address Bits Figure 7. Control Register Format Table 12. Control Register Address Map Register Function Address Bits A3 A2 A1 A0 Control Reg. CR-x Power Down 0 0 0 0 0 Reference Oscillator 0 0 0 1 1 Reference Dividers 0 0 1 0 2 Mixer & Reference Buffer 0 0 1 1 3 Reset/Serial Out 0 1 0 0 4 LO 1 0 1 0 1 5 LO 2 0 1 1 0 6 Circuit Adjust 0 1 1 1 7 Test 1 0 0 0 8 Digital Tune 1 0 0 1 9 LNA AGC 1 0 1 0 10 Data Register Address 1 0 1 1 11 R19-R0 POWER DOWN REGISTER (CR-0) The Power Down Register allows various circuits to be powered down to save power when not in use. A 1 written to any of the control bits power down the corresponding circuit. Conversely, a 0 written to any of the control bits powers up the corresponding circuit. The reset state for all bits is 1. After DC power is applied or software reset, the IC is powered up by writing 0s to all desired bits. The interface bus circuits are never powered down because they are needed in order to power the IC back up. One should wait at least 20 millisecond between the time that the IC is powered up through this command and performing a digital tune of the VCOs. This time will allow the reference oscillator to stabilize. . MSB LSB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CP1 Buf1 VCO1 0 1 Synth1 0 1 VCO2 0 1 Reserved 0 1 CP2 A0 Synth2 A1 Mix1 A2 Reserved A3 LNA R0 IF1 R1 IF2 R2 Reserved R3 Reserved R4 AGC Amp R5 Ref Osc R6 Buf2 R7 RF Pwr Det R8 IF Pwr Det R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 Reset State Address Bits Figure 8. Power Down Register Format MC44S803 12 Freescale Semiconductor Table 13. Power Down Bit Table Bit Mnemonic Function 0 VCO 1 Voltage Controlled Oscillator 1 1 Buf1 VCO 1 Buffer 2 CP1 Charge Pump 1 3 Synth1 Synthesizer 1 4 VCO 2 Voltage Controlled Oscillator 2 5 Reserved Reserved 6 CP2 Charge Pump 2 7 Synth2 Synthesizer 2 8 Mix1 First Mixer 9 Reserved Reserved 10 LNA Low Noise Amplifier 11 IF1 First IF 12 IF2 Second IF 13 Reserved Reserved 14 Reserved Reserved 15 AGC Amp AGC Amplifier 16 Ref Osc Reference Oscillator 17 Buf2 VCO 2 Buffer 18 RF Pwr Det RF Power Detector 19 IF Pwr Det IF Power Detector REFERENCE OSCILLATOR REGISTER (CR-1) The Reference Oscillator register contains bits that affect the operation of the reference oscillator. There is only one bit that needs to be changed. That bit is Osc Sel. This should be set according to the table below. All other bits should be CR9 (prescaler) CR9 command for LO1 auto tune CR9 command for LO2 auto tune kept at their reset values with the exception of the start up sequence. Note: The crystal oscillator needs to be operating before the CR9 registers are written. The start up programming sequence is as follows: CR1 = 10 11xx xxxx 0001 Register Crystal Oscillator CR0 = Power down register (typically program all circuits to power up with: 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000) Wait 10mS before issuing next CR1 command CR1 = 10 01xx xxxx 0001 mand) (second CR1 com- Wait 20mS between the second CR1 command and a CR9 command. (Other registers can be written during this 20mS wait period.) MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 13 MSB LSB R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Osc Sel Ref Osc Reset State Address Bits Figure 9. Reference Oscillator Register Format Table 14. Oscillator Sel Bit Crystal Frequency Osc Sel 4.0 MHz to <16 MHz 0 16 MHz to 28 MHz 1 PROGRAMMABLE R1 & R2 REFERENCE DIVIDERS REGISTER (CR-2) Selects the First and Second LO reference frequencies, which are divided down from the crystal frequency by the divide ratios specified by the respective Divider Ratio bits. The Ref Buf En bit enables the reference buffers for LO1 and LO2. In normal operation, this bit is programmed to 1. The Reference Dividers are actually R+1 dividers, therefore the number to program into this register for R1 Divide Ratio and R2 Divide Ratio must be one less than the desired divide ratio. MSB LSB R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Ref Buf En R1 Divide Ratio R2 Divide Ratio Reset State Address Bits Figure 10. Reference Divider Register Format REFERENCE BUFFER REGISTER (CR-3) The BufIOP and BufIOM pins output a buffered reference oscillator signal. The oscillator frequency can be changed by the R3 divider before it exits the BufIO pins. The R3 divider does not effect which frequency the tuner is tuned to. In addition, the gain of the sine wave buffer can be selected. If Buf Gain bit is 1 then the buffer is at full gain, if it is 0 it is at half gain. MSB LSB R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 R R R R R R R Buf I/O Mux 4 Mux 3 Reserved Reserved Reserved Buf Tri Osc Gain State Scr Reset State R3 Divide Ratio Sine Wave Buffer Output Address Bits Figure 11. Reference Buffer Register MC44S803 14 Freescale Semiconductor Table 16. Sine Wave Buffer Configuration (continued) Table 15. R3 Divide Ratio Normal Crystal Op Divide Ratio R2 R1 R0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 4 1 0 1 6 1 1 0 8 1 1 1 R8 R7 0 1 0 0 0 0 (1) Pass Thru Crystal Freq 0 Note 0 0 0 1 0 Divide by 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 0 Note (1) 0 0 1 0 1 Reverse Path for Osc Source 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 Pass Ref Osc Directly to Buffer Pins 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1. Depends on Amplitude 0 = Low Gain, 1 = High Gain Table 16. Sine Wave Buffer Configuration Condition 0 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 The Reference switches allow the Buffer In/Out pins to be reconfigured so that a second tuner can be driven from the crystal of a first tuner. The block diagram in Figure 12 shows where the switches are located. Programming a 1 to Buf I/O and Buf Scr routes the divided oscillator signal out the Buf I/O pins. A 0 allows the crystal from another tuner to drive this tuner. See the Reference Oscillator section for more information on multi tuner configurations. To PLLs Silicon Tuner IC Oscillator Sine Wave Buffer Crystal Buffer SW1 Reference Dividers SW2 Buffer In/Out SW3 Crystal Input Figure 12. Reference Oscillator Buffer RESET/SERIAL OUT REGISTER (CR-4) The Reset/Serial Out Register consists of a 2-bit latch. The part will be in reset when a logic “1” is written to the RS bit location. The part will be in reset until a logic “0” is written to the RS bit location. The serial data format is shown below. This register or the power on reset (POR) circuitry output will initiate reset. The Reset States of registers is indicated where applicable. Writing a logic “1” to the SO bit location will activate the MISO port. The part will disable the MISO port upon a reset. This only affects SPI operation not I2C operation. SC is always programmed to 0. MSB LSB R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 SC SO RS Reset State Address Bits Figure 13. Reset/Serial Out Register Format MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 15 Table 18. SO Setup Register Table Table 17. Reset State Table State RS S0 Function Not In Reset 0 0 SO Disabled In Reset 1 1 SO Active LOCAL OSCILLATOR 1 REGISTER (CR-5) The N1 divider consists of a 12 bit N counter. The range of N1 values is from 2 to 4097. The serial data format is shown Reset State in Table 19. This N divider is actually an N+2 divider. In other words, the bits that are programmed into the register are 2 less than what is calculated for the given frequency. MSB LSB R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 N11 N10 N9 N8 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 N0 Reset State Address Bits N1 Counter Figure 14. LO 1 Register Format Table 19. 12 Bit N Counter Control Bits (N1) N Counter Value N11 N10 N9 N8 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 N0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 421 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4097 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • Counter Value Functions (N1) The First LO Frequency is a function of reference frequency and the N1 and R1 dividers as described in the FVCO1 equation. FVCO1 = N1 * FOSC / R1 Where: • • • • FVCO1: Output frequency of the first voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1) LOCAL OSCILLATOR 2 REGISTER (CR-6) The N2 divider consists of a 15 bit N counter. The range of N2 values is from 2 to 32769. The serial data format is shown Reset State N1: Value of control bits for 15 bit programmable N1 counter. (N1-2 is actually programmed into register) FOSC: Output frequency of the reference frequency oscillator. (Example: FOSC = 4.0 MHz) R1: Divide ratio of first programmable reference counter. FREF1: Reference Frequency for First LO. FREF1 = FOSC / R1. (R1-1 is actually programmed into Reference Dividers register) in Table 20. This N divider is actually an N+2 divider. In other words, the bits that are programmed into the register are 2 less than what is calculated for the given frequency. MSB LSB R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 N14 N13 N12 N11 N10 N9 N8 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 N0 Reset State Address Bits N2 Counter Figure 15. LO 2 Register Format MC44S803 16 Freescale Semiconductor Table 20. 15 Bit N Counter Control Bits (N2) N Counter Value N14 N15 N12 N11 N10 N9 N8 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 N0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4310 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 32769 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Counter Value Functions (N2) The Second LO Frequency is a function of reference frequency and the N2 and R2 dividers as described in the FVCO2 equation. FVCO2 = N2 * FOSC / R2 • • • Where: • • FVCO2: Output frequency of the second voltage controlled oscillator (VCO2) N2: Value of control bits for 15 bit programmable N2 counter. (N2-2 is actually programmed into register) Reset State FOSC: Output frequency of the reference frequency oscillator. (Example: FOSC = 4.0 MHz) R2: Divide ratio of second programmable reference counter. FREF2: Reference Frequency for Second LO. FREF2 = FOSC / R2. (R2-1 is actually programmed into Reference Dividers register) CIRCUIT ADJUST REGISTER (CR-7) The Circuit Adjust Register provides gain and power adjustments to various circuits. MSB LSB R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IF RF IF Detec Detec AGC tor tor Amp Clear Detector 1 1 1 1 LP3 LPB2 LPB1 LPB0 S1 G7 G6 Post Amp 2 Mix1 Pre Amp 1 Out IF Amp Sel Gain Power Adjust R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 G3 Reserved LP5 1 Reserved CLIF CLRF R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 Reset State G1 Post Amp 2 Gain Adjust Pre Amp 1 Gain Adjust Reserved R14 Reserved R15 Reserved R16 Address Bits Figure 16. Circuit Adjust Register Format The G7 and G6 bits give a limited amount of gain control to Second IF Amplifier. This gain adjustment is not intended for AGC control but as a way to easily adjust the gain distribution within the tuner. Table 21 shows the affect of the IF Amp Gain bits. Table 21. IF Amp Gain IF Amp Gain G7 G6 6.0 dB 0 0 12 dB 0 1 18 dB 1 0 20 dB 1 1 Table 22. Post Amp 2 Gain Post Amp 2 Gain G3 6.0 dB 0 8.3 dB 1 Reset State The G1 bit adjusts the gain of Pre Amplifier 1 as shown in Table 23. Table 23. Pre Amp 1 Gain Reset State In a similar manner, G3 adjusts the gain of the Post Amplifier 2 as shown in Table 22. Pre Amp 1 Gain G1 Nominal 0 +1.0 dB 1 Reset State MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 17 The Power Adjust bits put their respective amplifiers into Low Power mode, which consumes half the power. For bits LP3 and LP5 a 1 puts the amplifier in low power mode and a 0 puts it in nominal mode. For bit LPB0 a 0 puts Pre Amp 1 in a low power mode and a 1 puts it in nominal mode. Table 24 shows the settings for bits LPB2 and LBP1 for adjusting the power level of Mixer 1. The S1, Output Select, routes the signal to one of the two Second IF output paths as shown in Table 25. Table 25. Output Select State S1 Analog Port 0 Digital Port 1 Table 24. Mixer 1 Power Adjust Mixer 1 Power LPB2 LBP1 Low 0 0 Nominal 0 1 Middle 1 0 High 1 1 Reset State CLRF and CLIF bits clear the RF and IF detector respectively. The peak detectors continue to record the peak levels that they see until they are cleared and a new measurement starts. To clear the detector, write a 1 to CLRF or CLIF. Then write a 0 to CLRF or CLIF to bring the detector out of the clear state. The detector will then operate in a “max hold” mode where it continually records the highest peak that it sees. Reset State TEST REGISTER (CR-8) The Test Register controls the various self test modes and directs test signals to the test pins. MSB LSB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T6 RL RE T5 AB T4 T3 T2 T1 T0 Reg Test Low Reg Test En Test Func Sel Test R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Reset State GP TB3 TB2 TB1 TB0 TA3 TA2 TA1 TA0 Gen Purp Out 0 Test R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 Address Bits Test Pin Func B Test Pin Func A Figure 17. Test Register Format RE – Regulator Test Enable: Enables the internal regulator testing. RL – Regulator Test Low: Determines if High Voltage Test = 0 or Low Voltage Test = 1 is tested when test is enabled. Test bits: T6:T0 are always programmed to 0. The Test Pin Function bits control which signal is sent to the test pin. The test pin has a user selectable function that is used to monitor internal signals for test and development. The TB3:TB0 and TA3:TA0 are used to select the function. The Func Sel:AB bit is use to choose between function list A (0) shown in Table 26 and function list B (1) shown in Table 27. In normal operation, the Test Pin Func bits should be set to the Disable mode, which is the reset state. Or, the lock status could be routed to a microprocessor input for monitoring. When the PLL lock detect logic signal is sent to the test pin, a high state indicates PLL in lock. The Gen Purp Out bit can be routed out the test pin. The test pin could then be used as a logic output to control an external circuit. The state of the logic output would then be changed by programming Gen Purp Out. MC44S803 18 Freescale Semiconductor Table 26. Test Pin Function List A Test Function # TA3 TA2 TA1 TA0 0 0 0 0 0 PLL2 Lock Detect 1 0 0 0 1 Not Used 2 0 0 1 0 VCO 1 Out 3 0 0 1 1 General Purpose Output 1 4 0 1 0 0 Power On Reset Bar 5 0 1 0 1 PLL1 & PLL2 Lock Detect 6 0 1 1 0 VCO 1 in Range 7 0 1 1 1 PLL1 Lock Detect 8 1 0 0 0 R1 Ref Divider Out, ÷ 2 9 1 0 0 1 PLL2 Prog Divider Out, ÷ 2 10 1 0 1 0 VCO 1 Divided by 64 Out 11 1 0 1 1 Disable = Low 12 1 1 0 0 PLL1&2 LD & VCO1&2 In Range 13 1 1 0 1 Phase Detect 1 Down Test 14 1 1 1 0 Phase Detect 2 Down Test 15 1 1 1 1 Reserved Test Pin Function A Reset State Table 27. Test Pin Function List B Test Function # TB3 TB2 TB1 TB0 0 0 0 0 0 Reserved 1 0 0 0 1 VCO 2 Out 2 0 0 1 0 Not Used 3 0 0 1 1 Reserved 4 0 1 0 0 Sinewave Buffer 5 0 1 0 1 Reserved 6 0 1 1 0 VCO 2 In Range 7 0 1 1 1 PLL2 Lock Detect 8 1 0 0 0 R2 Reference Divider Out, ÷ 2 Test Pin Function B 9 1 0 0 1 PLL1 Prog Divider Out, ÷ 2 10 1 0 1 0 VCO 2 Divided by 64 Out 11 1 0 1 1 Disable = Low 12 1 1 0 0 Phase Detect 1 Up Test 13 1 1 0 1 Phase Detect 2 Up Test 14 1 1 1 0 Reserved 15 1 1 1 1 Reserved Reset State MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 19 DIGITAL TUNE MODULE (CR-9) CR-9 is unique in that CR-9 register data is latched with the crystal clock while all other registers are latched with the SPI/I2C clock. Therefore, the crystal oscillator must be running before data is written to CR-9. The Digital Tune module is a state machine that controls the capacitors in the VCOs for both VCO 1 and VCO 2. This is used as a course tune adjustment for the VCO frequency. The Digital Tune Module is controlled through five registers. In addition to the normal control register address, it uses an additional three address bits (DT Address) to access one of the five Digital Tune registers. There is also a RW bit that determines which register is read back; 1 = Read and 0 = Write. The following diagrams show a description of the registers. MSB LSB R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 0 DC 15 0 0 DC DC DC 14 13 12 0 0 0 0 0 DC 11 DC 10 DC 9 DC 8 DC 7 0 0 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 DC 3 DC 2 DC 1 DC DC DC 6 5 4 Rst DC RW DA2 DA1 DA0 0 XOd Reset State Address Bits DT Address Figure 18. Digital Tune Register: XO Prescale Format Rst. Writing a 1 to this bit will cause all Tune Request bits to clear, the count registers will clear, and the tuning state machine will return to idle state. To resume normal operation, first clear this bit and then proceed. This bit is for abnormal error recovery situations and should normally not be required. XOd. This field is used to specify a pre-scale value. It is set according to what the crystal oscillator frequency is. Refer to the following table. This allows the count of the VCO cycles to exceed 2000 in the lowest VCO frequency case and be less than 8000 in the highest VCO frequency case. Table 28. Prescaler Selection Crystal Freq Prescale XOd1 XOd0 VCO Counting Time 4.0 MHz ≤ x < 4.2 MHz 1 0 0 15 XO clocks 4.2 MHz ≤ x < 8.2 MHz 2 0 1 30 XO clocks 8.2 MHz ≤ x < 16.5 MHz 4 1 0 60 XO clocks 16.5 MHz ≤ x ≤ 28 MHz 8 1 1 120 XO clocks MSB LSB R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 0 0 0 0 0 0 DC 15 DC 14 DC 13 DC 12 DC 11 DC 10 MT1 AT1 0 0 0 0 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DA DA DA RW 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 1 0 LO1 Reference Count Reset State Address Bits DT Address Figure 19. Digital Tune Register: LO1 Reference Register Format MC44S803 20 Freescale Semiconductor MSB LSB R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 0 0 0 0 0 0 DC 15 DC 14 DC 13 DC 12 DC 11 DC 10 0 0 0 0 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DA DA DA RW 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 1 0 MT2 AT2 LO2 Reference Count Reset State Address Bits DT Address Figure 20. Digital Tune Register: LO2 Reference Register Format MT1 and MT2. The Manual Tune request bits will initiate a Manual Tune cycle for LO1 and LO2, respectively. The Manual Tune cycle will count the selected VCO frequency and put the result in the LO1 or LO2 Result Count register. The Manual Tune bit will be automatically cleared when the count is finished. This is really just a way to measure the current frequency. AT1 and AT2. The Auto Tune request bits will initiate an Automatic Tune cycle for LO1 and LO2 respectively. Upon completion of the Auto Tune cycle, this bit will automatically clear. After the Auto Tune cycle is completed the coarse tuning is finished. The LO1 and LO2 Reference Count is used to tell the Auto Tune cycle what frequency to tune to. It is not needed for a Manual Tune request. Write the respective reference count at the same time as setting AT1 or AT2. The following equation is used to determine the reference count. Reference Count = (15 * XOd * F) / (2 * XO) Where: F = desired VCO frequency in MHz XO = crystal frequency in MHz XOd = XOdivider = 1, 2, 4, or 8 as specified in the XO Prescaler register. MSB LSB R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 0 0 0 0 0 DC 15 DC 14 DC 13 DC 12 DC 11 0 0 0 DC DC DC 10 9 8 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 DC 7 DC 6 DC 5 DC 4 DC 3 DC 2 DC DC RW DA2 DA1 DA0 1 0 LO1 Result Count Reset State Address Bits DT Address Figure 21. Digital Tune Register: LO1 Result Count (Read Only) Register Format MSB LSB R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 0 0 0 0 0 DC 15 DC 14 DC 13 DC 12 DC 11 0 0 0 DC DC DC 10 9 8 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 DC 7 DC 6 DC 5 DC 4 DC 3 DC 2 LO2 Result Count DC DC RW DA2 DA1 DA0 1 0 Reset State Address Bits DT Address Figure 22. Digital Tune Register: LO2 Result Count (Read Only) MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 21 LNA AGC REGISTER (CR-10) The variable gain LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) is used to provide automatic gain control (AGC) at the RF frequency. The gain is varied with an external analog control voltage or digitally via the interface bus using G5:G0. The Control bits AGC An Dig bit determines if either analog or digital control is controlling the AGC. There are two RF AGC control pins, FEAGC_A and FEAGC_B. This facilitates having the tuner connected to both analog and digital demodulators as found in many set-top boxes, thus eliminating the need for an external switch and its controls. The AGC Sel bit controls which of these pins are used. Figure 23 shows the LNA AGC register format. MSB LSB 0 0 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0 Reserved 0 Reserved 0 Reserved 0 HL GR En At0 0 AGC An Dig B1 1 Atten En B2 LNA Bias 0 AGC Read En 0 AGC Sel 0 Atten 0 LNA0 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 At2 At1 Reset State Address Bits Atten Normal AGC Figure 23. LNA AGC Register Format There is a programmable attenuator between the LNA and Mixer 1. To control this attenuator set At2, At1, and At0 as shown in the Table 29 below. When the attenuator is set to a value greater than 0 dB, the HL GR En bit and Atten En bit is set high. This fixed gain adjustment has less of an affect on noise figure than setting the LNA gain while still improving distortion performance by limiting the levels hitting the first mixer. Table 29. Attenuator Control Attenuation Attn En HL GR En At 2 At1 At0 0 dB 0 0 1 1 0 1.1 dB 1 1 1 1 1 2.2 dB 1 1 0 1 0 3.2 dB 1 1 0 1 1 4.1 dB 1 1 1 0 0 4.8 dB 1 1 1 0 1 5.6 dB 1 1 0 0 0 6.3 dB 1 1 0 0 1 The LNA0 bit changes the dc output bias of the LNA. The LNA Bias bits, B2:B1, control the bias voltage in the LNA. Table 31 shows how these bits should normally be programmed. When reading the Regulator Test Data register, LNA0 should be set to 0; otherwise, the LNA regulator test will fail. Table 31. LNA Bias Control LNA Bias Bits LNA0 B2:B1 1 01 DATA ADDRESS REGISTER (CR-11) The Data Address Register sets the address of the data register to be read back during the next read from the IC. See Read Operations Protocol section for more detail as to how this is used. The default Data Address corresponds to the LNA AGC register (CR 10). Digital control, bits G5:G0 are used to set the LNA gain. Values range from 0 maximum gain to 63 minimum gain. When using analog control the gain bits are not set. However, the equivalent gain setting can be read back from the part. The AGC Read En bit allows reading back of the RF AGC setting. A 1 for this bit allows read back. This feature allows the tuner to report back where the demodulator has set the AGC gain. Note that when reading back this register, bits G2:G0 are inverted. Table 30. RF AGC Control Gain Bits AGC Sel AGC AnDig Digital X 0 FEAGC_A 1 1 X:X FEAGC_B 0 1 X:X Type of Control G5:G0 MC44S803 22 Freescale Semiconductor MSB LSB R3 R2 R1 R0 A3 A2 A1 A0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 D3 D2 D1 D0 Reset State Address Bits Data Address Figure 24. Data Address Register Format DATA REGISTER DEFINITIONS There are 16 Data Registers that can be read back from the IC. The 1011 Control Register (Data Register Address) controls which of these Data Registers will be read out of the IC during the next read operation. To select the desired Data Register this address register first needs to be set. Then on the next read operation the desired data will be available. The Data Register Format is shown in Figure 25. MSB D19 LSB D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Data Register Bits Figure 25. Data Register Format Below is the Data Register Address Map that shows the function of each Data Register. The first 12 Data Registers read back the contents of the 12 Control Registers. They have the same format as their corresponding Control Register. The rest of the registers display various status and self-diagnostic data. Table 32. Data Register Address Map Register Function Address Bits D19 – D0 A3 A2 A1 A0 Power Down 0 0 0 0 Reference Oscillator 0 0 0 1 Reference Dividers 0 0 1 0 Reference Buffer 0 0 1 1 Reset/Serial Out 0 1 0 0 LO 1 0 1 0 1 LO 2 0 1 1 0 Circuit Adjust 0 1 1 1 Test 1 0 0 0 Digital Tune 1 0 0 1 LNA AGC 1 0 1 0 Data Register Address 1 0 1 1 Regulator Test 1 1 0 0 VCO Test 1 1 0 1 LNA Gain/Input Power 1 1 1 0 ID Bits 1 1 1 1 MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 23 REGULATOR TEST DATA REGISTER (REGTEST) The regulator comparator test compares the internal regulator voltages to reference voltages. A low voltage and high voltage test can be run. The type of test is determined by the Reg Test Low bit in the Test register. When Reg Test Low is High the low voltage test is run. When Reg Test Low is Low the high voltage test is run. In addition, to run either test the Reg Test En bit in the Test register needs to be set high. In normal operation, when this test isn’t being run, program the Reg Test En bit to 0. A failure of a Low test indicates the voltage is too low. For the low test, a 1 indicates correct operation. Similarly, a High test failure indicates the voltage is too high, but a 0 indicates correct operation. MSB D19 LSB D18 D17 D16 Reserved Buf1 CP1 Synth1 D15 D14 D13 D12 Reserved Buf2 CP2 Synth2 D11 D10 D9 Quad Reserved D8 D7 LNA 1.8V D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Regulator Test Bits Figure 26. Regulator Test Register Format Table 33. Regulator Test Register Field Description Bit # LSB MSB 0-6 Circuit Bit Name Reserved 7 1.8 V Regulator 1.8 V 8 Low Noise Amp LNA 9 Reserved 10 Reserved 11 Reserved 12 Synthesizer 2 13 Charge Pump 2 14 VCO Buffer 2 15 Reserved 16 Synthesizer 1 17 Charge Pump 1 18 VCO Buffer 1 19 Reserved Reserved Synth2 CP2 BUF2 Synth1 CP1 BUF1 VCO TEST REGISTER (VCOTEST) The VCO test shows the results of various VCO tests including: first and second VCO tuning ranges and, first and second LO lock status. MSB LSB D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 RH1 RL1 RH2 RL2 LD1 LD2 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 VCO Test Bits Figure 27. VCO Test Register Format MC44S803 24 Freescale Semiconductor Table 34. VCO Test Register Field Description Bit # LSB Description Bit Name Pass 0 - 13 Reserved MSB 14 Lock Detect LO2 LD2 1 15 Lock Detect LO1 LD1 1 16 VCO2 Out of Range Low RL2 0 17 VCO2 Out of Range High RH2 1 18 VCO1 Out of Range Low RL1 0 19 VCO1 Out of Range High RH1 1 CURRENT LNA GAIN DATA REGISTER (LNAGain) This register holds the current LNA gain setting in the 6 MSBs of the register. When controlled by an external analog control, the analog voltage is converted to a digital word using an analog to digital converter (ADC). The resulting value is contained in LNA Gain Bits. The AGC Read En bit, in the LNA AGC register, must be set to 1 in order to allow reading back of the RF AGC setting. Note that when reading back this register, bits G2:G0 are inverted. Also note that when in the analog mode, the readings for levels corresponding to 0 through 9 are all read back as 9. MSB LSB D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0 P2 P1 P0 P2 P1 P0 LNA Gain Bits RF Pwr D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 IF Pwr Figure 28. LNA Gain Register Format The RF Pwr bits contain the reading from the broadband power detector at the input of the IC. This is a broadband power detector that senses the total power at the input of the IC. It can be used to optimize performance of the front end by adjusting the AGC algorithm in case of high total input power. The IF Pwr bits contain the reading from the power detector at the second IF. It also is used to optimize performance. Table 36. RF Power Detector Levels Level P2 P1 P0 Peak mV 4 1 0 0 992 5 1 0 1 824 7 1 1 1 699 6 1 1 0 627 Peak mV 2 0 1 0 518 0 1 1 441 Highest Table 35. IF Power Detector Levels Level Highest Lowest P2 P1 P0 4 1 0 0 1271 3 5 1 0 1 1113 1 0 0 1 370 7 1 1 1 994 0 0 0 0 < 370 6 1 1 0 881 2 0 1 0 800 3 0 1 1 700 1 0 0 1 629 0 0 0 0 < 629 Lowest MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 25 The CLRF and CLIF bits of the Circuit Adjust register (CR-7), change the response time of RF and IF detectors, respectively. When set to instantaneous mode (1), the corresponding detector reads the instantaneous voltage peak. When set to normal mode (0), the input signals are integrated over a short period of time. This gives a more consistent reading. When there are many input signals, they add or subtract together on an instantaneous bases, so in the instantaneous mode there is more variation in detector readings than is typically desired. In either mode, a number of readings should be taken and averaged. One needs to remember that the detector readings are Gray coded, so they need to be decoded before they are averaged. For the normal mode a minimum of 5 readings should be averaged. In instantaneous mode at least 32 readings should be averaged. IDENTIFICATION REGISTER (IDBITS) These Identification (ID) bits are fixed for each mask revision. See Table 37 for the ID bit values. ID Bits Register: MSB D19 LSB D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 ID6 ID5 ID4 ID3 ID2 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Reserved ID Bits Figure 29. ID Register Format Table 37. ID Register Bits Bit # LSB MSB 0-4 Description Bit Value Reserved 5 ID Bit 2 0 6 ID Bit 3 0 7 ID Bit 4 1 8 ID Bit 5 0 9 ID Bit 6 1 10-19 Reserved MC44S803 26 Freescale Semiconductor APPLICATIONS INFORMATION — SAMPLE SYSTEM DESIGN Figure 30 shows a simplified block diagram for a sample system design. Note that the upstream and downstream frequency bands overlap. These are the limits of the frequency ranges. The actual bands are adjusted based on the target application. Performance specifications (as previously listed in Table 6) dealing with overall tuner performance apply to the sample system design, since it includes the necessary filters. Upstream Input 1086 MHz Nominal 1st IF 30 – 60 MHz 2nd IF BPF BPF 5 – 65 MHz RF In/Out Differential Amplifier Mixer LPF HPF Mixer Differential Amplifier Differential Amplifier Balun 48 – 1000 MHz AGC RF1 AGC RF2 IF AGC Control 1077 to 2150 MHz 1042 MHz Freescale MC44S803 Silicon Tuner IC Dual Synth VCO To Digital Demodulator VCO To Analog Demodulator SPI / I2C Bus Interface 4 to 28 MHz Internal Regulators 3.3 V OSC SS/Addr 1 MISO/Addr 2 Clock BusSelect MOSI/SDA Figure 30. MC44S803 Silicon Tuner Sample System Design Block Diagram MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 27 SECOND IF The Second IF consists of the on chip amplifiers that boost the signal level so that it is high enough for the tuner to be directly connected to the demodulator. The output of Post Amp 2 is routed off chip through the channel SAW and back on chip to the second IF amplifiers. A switch is provided to route the signal to either a digital or an analog demodulator for settop box applications. The performance at the analog and digital IF output ports are identical. The IF Amplifier gain has some level of programmability. This is not intended for Automatic Gain Control (AGC), but as a way to optimize the gain distribution. It is envisioned that this gain would be fixed at a certain level for the particular application. Since typical analog demodulators have a high range of AGC control built into them, the IF AGC control voltage will need to be fixed at some level when using these demodulators. When using a digital demodulator, the AGC control voltage is fed from the digital demodulator. This is usually a filtered PWM signal. Output Switch BPF IF Amp Post Amp 2 Mix 2 IF AGC Amp Figure 31. Second IF Table 38. Second IF Amplifier Performance Parameter Typ. Unit 6.0 or 8.3 dB 6.0, 12, 18, or 20 dB IF AGC Amplifier Gain at 0.5 V AGC 36 dB IF AGC Amplifier Gain at 3.3 V AGC 0 dB Post Amplifier 2 Gain Settings IF Amplifier Gain Settings 80 75 70 Gain (dB) 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 IF AGC Voltage (V) Figure 32. Tuner Gain versus IF AGC Voltage MC44S803 28 Freescale Semiconductor REFERENCE OSCILLATOR The integrated reference oscillator requires an external crystal. The oscillator circuit is designed to accept a crystal in the frequency range of 4.0 MHz to 28 MHz. The oscillator drives the reference dividers for LO1 and LO2. Additionally, it goes through a Divide-By-R3 stage. Possible divider ratios are 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10. For divide by 1, the signal is routed around the divider. The signal passes though a low pass filter to produce a sine wave. It is then buffered internally and output at pins BufIOP and BufIOM so that it can be used to drive other ICs such as an audio-video modulator in a settop box. If no other ICs are driven from this oscillator, nothing should be connected to BufIOP and BufIOM. The IC can be programmed to shut down the oscillator buffer if it is not used. It is enabled at power up and on reset. In dual tuner applications, one crystal can drive two tuners, as shown in the following figures. This saves cost and eliminates spur problems due to having multiple frequencies that are very close to each other but not exactly the same. In this case, the second tuner is connected up to the same crystal but fed into the Buffer In/Out pins. Internal switches of the second tuner are programmed to feed this signal to the Crystal Buffer. The internal switches of the first tuner are programmed to feed the output of the Sine Wave Buffer to a modulator or other IC. The other switches shown are to allow for a divide by 1 state. Table 39. Switch States BufI/O bit SW1 SW2 SW3 Reset State 0 Closed Closed Open Tuner #1 0 Closed Closed Open Tuner #2 7 Open Open Closed Tuner # 1 To PLLs Silicon Tuner IC Oscillator Sine Wave Buffer Crystal Buffer SW1 SW2 Reference Dividers Buffer In/Out SW3 Crystal Input Tuner # 2 To PLLs Silicon Tuner IC Oscillator SW1 Sine Wave Buffer Crystal Buffer SW2 Reference Dividers Buffer In/Out SW3 Crystal Input Figure 33. Two Receivers Sharing One Crystal MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 29 Tuner # 1 To PLLs Silicon Tuner IC Oscillator SW1 Sine Wave Buffer Crystal Buffer Buffer In/Out SW2 Audio-Video Modulator, etc. Reference Dividers SW3 Crystal Input Tuner # 2 To PLLs Silicon Tuner IC Oscillator SW1 Sine Wave Buffer Crystal Buffer SW2 Reference Dividers Buffer In/Out SW3 Crystal Input Figure 34. Two Receivers and Modulator Sharing One Crystal The CMOS Broadband Tuner IC is designed to work with a crystal meeting the crystal specifications shown in Table 40. Of course the frequency tolerance will be application specific. Look at the specification for the demodulator that you intend to use with the tuner for frequency tolerance that it needs to capture signal. Internal load capacitance is 10 pF, typical PC board stray capacitance is 3.0 or 4.0 pF. Table 40. Crystal Specifications Frequency 4.0 MHz to 28 MHz Drive Level 500 µW Load Capacitance 13 pF Resistance 10 Ohms typ, 100 Ohms max MC44S803 30 Freescale Semiconductor TYPICAL APPLICATION CONFIGURATIONS Figure 35 and Figure 36 are block diagrams that show how the Silicon Tuner is used in multiple applications. BPF F-Connector Mixer IF AGC Control Mixer RF In HPF BPF Amp Amp Modem Demodulator Digital IF Out Amp LPF Analog IF Out Silicon Tuner IC Upstream RF AGC Control BPF F-Connector Mixer BPF Mixer RF In Amp HPF Amp IF AGC Control Digital IF Out Amp LPF Silicon Tuner IC Digital TV Demodulator Analog IF Out BPF Analog TV Demodulator with AGC Upstream RF AGC Controls Figure 35. Modem and Digital/Analog Settop Box Using Silicon Tuner MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 31 Out of Band Tuner BPF F-Connector Amp Mixer BPF Mixer Amp IF AGC Control RF In HPF Amp Splitter Digital IF Out LPF Digital TV Demodulator Analog IF Out Silicon Tuner IC BPF Analog TV Demodulator with AGC Upstream RF AGC Controls BPF Amp Mixer BPF Mixer Amp IF AGC Control RF In Amp Digital IF Out Digital TV Demodulator Analog IF Out Silicon Tuner IC BPF Analog TV Demodulator with AGC RF AGC Controls BPF Amp Mixer BPF Mixer Amp RF In IF AGC Control Amp Digital IF Out Modem Demodulator Analog IF Out Silicon Tuner IC RF AGC Control Figure 36. Settop Box or Media Gateway with Two Digital/Analog TV Tuners and Broadband Modem Tuner MC44S803 32 Freescale Semiconductor PACKAGE DIMENSIONS This IC package is in a Pb-free 64 pin Quad Leadless Package (QFN) with a grounding pad on the bottom of the package. The QFN is similar to a QFP except the leads wrap around the edge of the package rather than the gull wing style used on the QFP. The grounding pad is intended to be soldered to the PCB during normal reflow operation. PAGE 1 OF 3 MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 33 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS PAGE 2 OF 3 CASE 1606-01 ISSUE O 64-LEAD QFN PACKAGE MC44S803 34 Freescale Semiconductor PACKAGE DIMENSIONS PAGE 3 OF 3 CASE 1606-01 ISSUE O 64-LEAD QFN PACKAGE MC44S803 Freescale Semiconductor 35 How to Reach Us: Home Page: www.freescale.com E-mail: [email protected] USA/Europe or Locations Not Listed: Freescale Semiconductor Technical Information Center, CH370 1300 N. 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