MIC2267 Input Current Limiting Synchronous Buck Regulator USB Power Maximizer™ General Description Features The MIC2267 is a USB Power Maximizer™ which transfers the maximum power from the limited USB current source by shaping the input current limit profile. It incorporates a high efficiency, integrated synchronous step down regulator. Internal 150mΩ switches and adjustable operating frequency allows the MIC2267 to achieve greater than 90% efficiency across a broad load range. It replaces the USB current limit switch, 5V buck regulator and minimizes capacitance for many USB applications. The adjustable frequency control can be utilized to move harmonics away from sensitive frequency bands. The MIC2267 allows the input current limit profile to be shaped for various applications. With a current mode control with external compensation, the MIC2267 transient response can be optimized over load and output capacitance making it highly flexible for many applications. Additional features include 1µA shutdown current, output current limit and thermal shutdown protection. The MIC2267 is available in a 12-pin 3mm x 3mm MLF® with a junction operating range from –40°C to +125°C. Datasheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com. • • • • • • • • • • • • • Input voltage range: 3.0V to 5.5V Output voltage adjustable down to 1.0V Up to 96% efficiency at 500mA output Efficiency >90% across a broad load range Fast transient response Adjustable frequency from 400kHz to 1.5MHz Adjustable input current limiting 100mA to over 1A 100% maximum duty cycle Fully integrated MOSFET switches Micropower shutdown Thermal shutdown and output current limit protection 12-pin 3mm x 3mm MLF® Junction temperature range: −40°C to +125°C Applications • USB power • Wireless router cards • General buck converter applications _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Application Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 VIN = 4.2V 95 EFFICIENCY (%) 90 VIN = 5.5V 85 80 75 70 65 60 VOUT = 3.3V 55 50 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) MIC2267 USB Input Current Limiting Synchronous Buck Regulator Efficiency 5VIN to 3.3VOUT USB Power Maximizer is a trademark of Micrel, Inc. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com January 2011 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Ordering Information Part Number Voltage Mark Code Temperature Range Package(1) MIC2267YML Adjustable 2267 –40°C to +125°C 12-Pin 3mm x 3mm MLF® Note: 1. Package is GREEN RoHS compliant. Lead finish is NiPdAu. Mold compound is halogen free. Pin Configuration 12-Pin 3mm x 3mm MLF® (ML) (Top View) Pin Description Pin Number 1 Pin Name AGND Pin Function Analog Ground: The ground return for the low power blocks of the MIC2267. Feedback (Input): Input to the error amplifier. Connect a resistor divider between VOUT and ground to adjust the output voltage. 2 FB 3 COMP 4 PGOOD 5 SW 6 PGND 7 VIN Power Supply Voltage (Input): Requires bypass capacitor to GND 8 EN Enable/Delay (Input): Apply a Logic High to start the device. Apply Logic Low to stop the device; placing it in a low quiescent current mode. 9 FILTER Input Current Limit Filter: Place a capacitor to VIN to adjust the time constant for the input current limit filter. 10 LIMIT 11 SLOPEC 12 FREQ ePAD HS Pad January 2011 Compensation Pin: Output of the internal gm error amplifier. Place a series connected, Resistor and Capacitor to GND for external compensation. Power Good (Output): Open drain of an N-Channel MOSFET. Connect a resistor to VIN or VOUT for power good signalling. Switch (Output): Internal power MOSFET output switches. Power Ground: The ground return for the switching currents. Input Current Limit: Place a resistor to ground to adjust the average current limit from the input supply. Slope Compensation: Sets current mode slope compensation Frequency Control: The switching frequency is adjusted from 400kHz to 1.5MHz with a resistor from this pin to ground. Exposed Heatsink Pad: Thermal connection between die and external ground plane. A solid connection to a large ground plane is required for full output power. This pad must be connected to ground. 2 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) Operating Ratings (2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ........................................ −0.3V to +6V Output Switch Voltage (VSW) ........................... −0.3V to +6V Power Good Voltage (VPGOOD) ........................ −0.3V to +6V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)................................ −0.3V to VIN Feedback Voltage (VFB) .................................... −0.3V to VIN AGND to PGND Voltage .............................. −0.3V to +0.3V Switch Current (ISW) .................................Internally Limited Power Dissipation .....................................Internally Limited Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec.)....................... 260°C Storage Temperature (Ts) .........................−65°C to +150°C ESD Human Body Model Rating (3) ................................ 2kV ESD Machine Model Rating (3) .....................................200V Supply Voltage (VIN)..................................... +3.0V to +5.5V Power Good Voltage (VPGOOD) ......................... 0V to +5.5V Enable Input Voltage (VEN) .................................... 0V to VIN Feedback Voltage (VFB) ........................................ 0V to VIN AGND to PGND Voltage .............................. −0.3V to +0.3V Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................ –40°C to +125°C Junction Thermal Resistance 3mm x 3mm MLF®-12(θJA).................................61°C/W 3mm x 3mm MLF®-12(θJC).................................27°C/W Electrical Characteristics (4) VIN = VEN = 5.0V, VOUT = 3.3V, ILOAD = 10mA, CIN = 10µF, L = 4.7µH, COUT = 47µF, RFREQ = 100kΩ; RSLOPEC = 100kΩ, RLIM = 100kΩ, RCOMP = 11.5kΩ, CCOMP = 15nF, TA = 25°C; bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; unless noted. Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units 5.5 V Power Input Supply 3.0 Input Voltage Range (VIN) VIN UVLO Threshold 2.75 Rising VIN UVLO Hysteresis 2.9 3.0 V 320 mV mA Quiescent Current PWM Mode, VEN > 1.8V, VFB = 0.9V, IOUT = 0A 1 Shutdown Current VEN = 0V 1 5 µA 1 1.02 V Reference Voltage Feedback Voltage ±2% over temperature Feedback Bias Current VFB = 1V Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation 0.98 1 nA VIN = VEN = 4V to 5.5V, ILOAD = 100mA 0.2 % 100mA < ILOAD < 1.2A 0.2 % Enable Control Enable Logic High Threshold 1.2 1.8 0.4 1 VFB = 0.5V, RLIMIT = 107kΩ 0.5 0.7 0.9 VFB = 0.5V, RLIMIT = 68.1kΩ 0.7 1.1 1.5 VFB = 0.5V, RLIMIT = 46.4kΩ 1.1 1.6 2.1 Enable Logic Low Threshold V V Input Current Limit Input Current Limit A Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5kΩ in series with 100pF. 4. Specification for packaged product only. January 2011 3 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Electrical Characteristics (4) VIN = VEN = 5.0V, VOUT = 3.3V, ILOAD = 10mA, CIN = 10µF, L = 4.7µH, COUT = 47µF, RFREQ = 100kΩ; RSLOPEC = 100kΩ, RLIM = 100kΩ, RCOMP = 11.5kΩ, CCOMP = 15nF, TA = 25°C; bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; unless noted. Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Soft Start Soft Start Adaptive Internal FETs Top MOSFET RDS(ON) ISW = 500mA, VFB = 0.9V 136 225 mΩ Bottom MOSFET RDS(ON) ISW = 500mA, VFB = 1.1V 100 225 mΩ Oscillator/PWM Oscillator Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle RFREQ = 250kΩ 0.32 0.4 0.48 RFREQ = 100kΩ 0.8 1 1.2 RFREQ = 60kΩ 1.2 1.5 1.8 VFB < 0.5V 100 MHz % Thermal Protection Over Temperature Shutdown 160 °C Over Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis 20 °C Power Good Power Good Threshold VOUT Rising (VOUT % below nominal) Power Good Output Low Voltage VFB = 0.9V, IPGOOD = 5mA Power Good Leakage Current VFB = 1.0V, VPGOOD = 5.5V 6.5 10 12.5 % 130 200 mV 1 2 µA Note: 4. Specification for packaged product only. January 2011 4 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Typical Characteristics Shutdown Current vs. Input Voltage 500 VEN = 0V 80 TAMB = 25°C 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 300 250 200 150 100 5 4 3 VEN = 1.8V 2 TAMB = 25°C 50 1 FSW = 1MHz 0 0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Reference Voltage vs. Input Voltage Reference Voltage vs. Temperature 5 5.5 6 7 6 5 4 3 VEN = 1.8V 2 VIN = 5V 1 FSW = 1MHz 0 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 1.020 1.015 1.015 1.010 1.005 1.000 0.995 0.990 0.985 1.8 1.6 1.6 ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 1.8 1 0.8 VEN HIGH 0.6 VEN LOW 0.4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 1.005 1.000 0.995 0.990 0.985 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 6 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) Enable Threshold vs. Temperature Switching Frequency vs. Temperature 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 VEN HIGH 0.6 VEN LOW 1200 1150 1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 VIN = 5V 800 -50 -30 -10 10 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 70 90 110 130 TEMPERATURE (°C) MOSFET RDS(ON) vs. Input Voltage MOSFET RDS(ON) vs. Temperature Output Voltage vs. Output Current 3.315 140 120 100 80 60 IOUT = 0.5A PMOS RDSon TAMB = 25°C NMOS RDSon 100 80 60 40 20 0 PMOS RDSon IOUT = 0.5A NMOS RDSon V IN = 5V 0 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) January 2011 5.5 6 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.320 140 RDS(ON) (mΩ) 160 2.5 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 160 20 30 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 120 6 1.010 180 40 5.5 VIN = 5V 0.4 3.5 3 0.980 2.5 Enable Threshold vs. Input Voltage 1.2 TAMB = 25°C 0.980 70 90 110 130 1.4 2.5 1.020 TEMPERATURE (°C) ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 6 Supply Current vs. Temperature 4.5 8 3 7 3.5 4 4.5 5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 9 2.5 8 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3.5 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 350 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 10 RDS(ON) (mΩ) VIN = 5V REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 3 9 VEN = 0V 400 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 2.5 10 450 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 90 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (nA) SHUTDOWN CURRENT (nA) 100 Supply Current vs. Input Voltage Shutdown Current vs. Temperature 3.310 3.305 3.300 3.295 3.290 V IN = 5.5V V OUT = 3.3V 3.285 3.280 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 TEMPERATURE (°C) 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Typical Characteristics (Continued) Efficiency vs. Output Current Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 100 V IN = 4.2V 95 80 75 70 65 VIN = 5.5V 70 60 50 40 30 20 60 VOUT = 3.3V 55 10 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 Input Current Limit vs. Temperature 0.90 0.70 0.65 0.60 ILIM @ 3.3Vin ILIM @ 5Vin 0.55 VOUT = 1.8V INPUT CURRENT LIMIT (A) 0.75 1 1.5 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 TEMPERATURE (°C) January 2011 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Switching Frequency vs. RFREQ 1800 VIN = 5V VOUT = 3.3V 1000 100 0.50 RLIM = 107K VFB = 0.5V 2.5 2 Current Limit vs. RLIMIT 10000 0.80 0.650 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 0.85 0.700 0.600 0 2 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 0 0.750 V OUT = 1.8V 0 50 CURRENT LIMIT (A) CURRENT LIMIT (A) 80 V IN = 5.5V 85 0.800 V IN = 3.3V 90 EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 90 Input Current Limit vs. Input Voltage 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 V IN = 5V 200 TAMB = 25°C 0 10 100 RLIMIT (kΩ) 6 1000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 RFREQ (kΩ) M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Functional Characteristics January 2011 7 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Functional Characteristics (Continued) January 2011 8 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Functional Diagram Figure 1. MIC2267 Functional Block Diagram LIMIT The current limit as set by the RLIMIT resistor (Nominally, ILIMIT = 75k/RLIMIT) is converted to the total charge allowed in one cycle (QTOT). So if the current limit is 1A and the frequency is 1MHz, since Q = I x T, the total charge allowed QTOT = 1µC. If for example, a 1µF capacitor CTOT is used to store this charge, since Q = C x V, the voltage would be 1V. If a replica of the input current is then integrated and the resultant input charge per cycle: Functional Description The MIC2267 is an input current limited, 2A synchronous buck regulator. The part offers control of the input average current limit and the time constant of the current limit response, allowing full control of the input current profile during load steps and plug in events. The PChannel high side switch allows for 100% duty cycle operation. Optimization of the loop bandwidth can be achieved using the available connections to the slope compensation ramp and error amplifier nodes. For logic control and error flagging, the MIC2267 has an enable function and a Power Good function. VIN The input supply (VIN) provides power to the internal power MOSFETs and the analog control circuitry. The VIN operating range is 3V to 5.5V. A minimum bypass capacitor of 10µF should be placed close to the input (VIN) pin and the ground (PGND) pin. Refer to the Layout Recommendations section for details on placing the input capacitor. January 2011 T QIN = ∫O IIN ( t ).dt Is stored on a similar 1µF capacitor CINT, then input current limit is reached when the voltage on the CINT capacitor reaches 1V, i.e. QIN ≥ QTOT. Once this condition is satisfied and the FILTER delay time has elapsed, the P-Channel switch cycle is terminated. At the beginning of each cycle the integration storage capacitors are discharged. In the actual circuit the storage capacitor is in the order of 5pF and the replica current is scaled down accordingly. 9 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 This is, effectively, cycle by cycle input current limit where the average input current in each cycle is limited. The advantage of this scheme is that when the input current budget has been used up for that cycle and the top switch goes off, the output can still draw current from ground and switching continues in an efficient manor. Conventional input current limit schemes which utilize an input switch will effectively drop VIN and leave the switcher at 100% duty cycle; in effect current limiting like an LDO current limits. Typically, CINTFIL takes time to reach this 80% trip level. Therefore, asserting current limit on the current cycle is highly dependant on internal delays and the extremity of the over current. Therefore, if the filter circuit reaches the 80% trigger level in a given cycle (n), the actual current limit is allowed to work during the next cycle (n+1). When VOUT < 90% VOUT nominal, e.g. during startup or large load transients, the filter/delay function is disabled. This is to allow a defined startup current limit and reduce voltage peaks. FILTER The filter pin can be used to implement a delay to the input current limit, thus allowing acceptable bursts of current to pass, unaffected. However the magnitude of the over current will act to shorten the allowable pulse width; effectively regulating charge passed; thus for a given input capacitor, the droop during over current peaks can be kept constant. The Delay circuit is an identical circuit to the LIMIT circuit except that the current being stored on the integrating capacitor is first sent through a single pole RC filter i.e. a replica of the P-Channel Drain current is fed into a parallel RC. The R is set internally to 50kΩ (±20%) and the C is the external (CFILTER). The FILTER current limit is set to 80% of the nominal input current limit, i.e., in the previous example, whereas the LIMIT circuit has to charge the storage capacitor CINT to 1V, the FILTER current limit circuit only has to charge the integration storage capacitor CINTFIL to 0.8V. ENABLE (EN) This is the enable pin. Taking this pin above 1.8V will enable the part to begin switching. Taking this pin below 0.4V will put the part into the shutdown mode where nominally, the part will consume < 1µA. POWER GOOD (PGOOD) This is an open drain output which can be connected via a pull up resistor to VOUT or an external voltage up to 5.5V. This pin is pulled low while the part is enabled and the output is below 90% of the nominal output voltage. When the trigger threshold of nominally >90% nominal VOUT is crossed, the PGOOD N-Channel FET is switched off and the pin will be high impedance. Note that the power good function is inactive while the part is in shutdown (EN=Low). I.E. If the PG pull up resistor is connected to VIN, PG will be high when EN is below the enable threshold. COMP COMP is the output connection of the voltage error transconductance amplifier. The MIC2267 is a current mode controller and therefore will require just a capacitor and resistor connected from COMP to AGND to create a single pole, single zero compensator to stabilize the loop. An additional capacitor from COMP to AGND can be added to reduce switching jitter due to high frequency switching noise entering the loop. If desirable, slope compensation can be increased/ reduced to improve stability/transient response over a wide duty cycle range including 100%. In such cases, additional compensation may be added to this pin if required. Figure 2. MIC2267 FILTER Pin Operation The rising function after the integration block (voltage on CINTFIL) is actually discharged to 0v each cycle, but for clarity, it is shown as an ‘envelope’ to show its rising characteristic. ⎛ I TDELAY = −ln⎜1− 0.8 × LIM ⎜ IIN ⎝ FB Connect this pin to the junction of the output voltage feedback resistors. The regulation loop will set the output voltage to the correct level determined by these feedback resistor values. The output voltage will be: ⎞ ⎟ × 50kΩ × C FILTER ⎟ ⎠ VOUT = VREF(1+R1/R2) For most applications, R2 can be set to 10k and R1 can be found by: R1 = R2(VOUT/VREF – 1) January 2011 10 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 FREQ A resistor RFREQ from this pin to ground allows the frequency of the MIC2267 to be programmed over the range 400kHz to 1.5MHz. SLOPEC To guarantee stability in a current mode controller operating at duty cycle >50%, a compensation ramp (m) is required. This ramp ‘m’ is added to the inductor current sense ramp (or alternatively, it can also be subtracted from the error voltage which has the same effect). A resistor to ground from the SLOPEC pin sets the amplitude of ‘m’ over the switching period. Ideally, the magnitude of the compensation ramp (m) is for many cases, set to ½ inductor discharge ramp (m2). I.E. m= ½ m2 Where: m2 ∝ Vo/L x FSW Figure 3. MIC2267 FREQ Pin Internal Blocks and m ∝ 67700/RSLOPEC To set the frequency, this pin is forced to V1, the resulting current through the resistor RFREQ sets the internal reference current which charges a capacitor (C). At the beginning of the clock cycle, C begins charging. When it reaches V2, a clock pulse is generated and C is discharged to ground; marking the beginning of the next clock cycle. Therefore, for the ideal ½ m2 slope: RSLOPEC = 2 x FSW x L x 67700/Vout Where duty cycle can approach 100%, excess phase shift in the loop can lead to a phenomenon called “subharmonic oscillation”. Additional compensating slope ‘m’ may be required in these cases. It can be shown that ensuring m = m2 will ensure stability regardless of voltage loop gain for the case where DC ~ 100%. Therefore, a value of RSLOPEC = FSW.x L x 67700/Vout will ensure stability at the expense of some line regulation. This produces a clock frequency FSW of: FSW = 1/(C x RFREQ) Where C = 10pF SW This is the center connection output of the P-channel and N-channel Power MOSFETs. Connect this pin to the Power inductor as close to the IC as possible. Refer to the Layout Recommendations section for details on placing the power inductor. AGND and PGND Connect AGND to the quiet, signal reference points and decouple closely to the IC. Connect PGND to the high current carrying paths close to the COUT and CIN. Refer to layout guide section later in the datasheet for more detailed information. January 2011 11 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Effect of Changing FILTER Capacitor on VOUT COUT = 447µF, VOUT = 3.3V, Load pulse width = 600µs: Application Information FILTER The USB 2.0 specification requires that current surges during transitions should result in a droop at an upstream USB port <330mV. In addition to the 10µF allowable USB “device” input capacitance; there is also a mandatory 120µF capacitor at each upstream Hub VBUS terminal. This presents a challenge as there is an amount of energy available within this hub capacitance that can be tapped only if the droop can somehow be limited remotely at the device end. Since the MIC2267 implements a charge limit system, this available energy can be utilized by adjusting CFILTER. Figure 2. USB Bus Powered Function Example Where actual CBUS is higher than 120µF, the FILTER capacitor can be increased to allow greater current limit delay times. This can help further reduce the value of output bulk holdup capacitors (COUT) in applications that require large, short term load pulses such as TDMA wireless data modems. The FILTER capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the FILTER and VIN pins to set the input current limit delay time. Recommended minimum value is 100pF. January 2011 Reducing over current peak increases limit delay time in accordance with the TDELAY equation: ⎛ ⎞ I TDELAY ≈ −ln⎜1 − 0.8 × LIM ⎟ × 50kΩ × CFILTER ⎜ IIN ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ 12 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 LIMIT Resistor values of between 750kΩ and 46kΩ should be used to set the current limit between 0.1A and 1.6A. To set the nominal LIMIT resistor value: FREQ Connect a resistor between this pin and AGND as close to the MIC2267 as possible to reduce the possibility of switching noise causing frequency jitter. Set the nominal switching frequency using: RLIMIT = 75kΩ/ILIMIT In USB applications for example, two LIMIT resistors can be used to switch between 1 unit load (100mA) and 5 unit loads (500mA). Due to a minimum on time implemented during current limit operation, there is lower limit to VOUT where input current limit is regulated. When VOUT sees a near short circuit at higher switching frequency, IIN will be higher than the set ILIMIT. Circuit losses will tend to keep this to a maximum of 250mA. The limit can be found by: FSW = 1/ (C.RFREQ) Where nominal C = 10pF INDUCTOR The MIC2267 was designed to work with 3.3µH to 10µH inductor values. If a low ripple voltage output is a key design goal, then larger value inductors will reduce switching ripple current and output ripple voltage, but can also have larger DCR values in small packages; which can reduce efficiency. Inversely, if high efficiency is the key target, Lower value inductors will increase switching ripple current and therefore increase output ripple voltage, but will typically have lower DCR values in small packages and can improve efficiency. As the MIC2267 uses input current limiting, care should be taken that during a short circuit condition, the inductor can operate with the power dissipated in it during this fault condition. Helpfully, The MIC2267 switches the low side driver off during a short circuit, which ensures most of the power dissipation occurs within the IC. e.g.: VOUTMIN = ((V IN + 0.8) ⋅ FSW ⋅ 200ns ) − 0.8 e.g., for VIN = 5v and FSW = 1MHz, VOUTMIN = 0.36V COMP As the MIC2267 uses a current mode control, the control loop only requires a single pole/zero compensator to optimise stability and transient response. The recommended values are 11kΩ and 15nF. An additional 680pF capacitor can also be added to reject switching frequency noise. FB Connect a resistor divider between the VOUT load terminal connection and output ground reference connection to minimize resistive voltage drops affecting load regulation. For most applications, R2 can be set to 10kΩ and R2 can be found by: PFAULT = 5v x 1A = 5W VNFET ≈ 0.7V VL_DCR = IIN x DCR = 1A x 50mΩ = 0.05V Power in the inductor DCR = 7% overall dissipation. PL_DCR = 0.36W R1 = R2(VOUT/VREF – 1) The MIC2267 thermal limit protection will therefore limit the power in the inductor and protect from over dissipation. Protection is further improved by designing a low thermal resistance connection between the inductor and the IC. To achieve this, a short, wide PCB trace from the inductor to the SW pin is recommended. Connecting the inductor close to the SW pin is also good design practice as it minimizes the area available for radiating switching frequency harmonics around the local area of the switching regulator. SLOPEC Connect a resistor between this pin and AGND as close to the MIC2267 as possible to reduce the possibility of noise adding into the control loop. As described in the theory of operation, the ideal slope can be calculated as: RSLOPEC = 2. FSW . L . 67700/VOUT This value can be scaled towards ½ this value to ensure stability up to and including 100% duty cycle. January 2011 13 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Below are some oscilloscope shots of the Pass through circuit operating under the following conditions: CIN Connect a ceramic capacitor of X5R or X7R dielectric from the VIN pin to PGND as close to the MIC2267 as possible to decouple the high di/dt switching current paths. A minimum value of 10µF is recommended for most applications. An additional 22µF can be useful in reducing ringing effects if long power leads are used to connect power. Normal operation: VOUT1 = 3.3v @ 200mA Continuous Load VOUT2 = 4.75v @ 80mA to 200mA Pulsing Load Over Current peaks applied: VOUT1 = 3.3v @ 200mA Continuous Load COUT Connect a ceramic capacitor of X5R or X7R dielectric from VOUT to PGND as close as possible to the inductor and CIN ground connection to reduce the effect of high di/dt ground currents from interfering with internal signals. A minimum of 47µF is recommended for most applications. Additional bulk capacitance such as electrolytic, tantalum or ceramic can be added to improve transient performance and hold up during large load transients. VOUT2 = 4.75V @ 80mA to 600mA Pulsing Load 5V Pass Through Some applications will require a legacy 5v supply to be available which also benefits from the current limit protection. The circuit in Figure 5 allows for a low current bias supply to be provided while still providing current limit protection. 1A Schottky Normal operation; no Over Current VOUT2 = 4.75V 10uF VIN = 5.0V USB 10uF VOUT1 = 3.3V 4.7uH VIN 10k SW 23k PGOOD MIC2267 EN 22nF FILTER FB FREQ SLOPEC LIMIT PGND AGND 100k 75k 100µF 150µF 150µF 10k COMP 110k 11.5k 680pF 15nF Figure 3. Standard MIC2267 Circuit with Protected ~5v Bias Supply Over Current Peaks applied on VOUT2 January 2011 14 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 PCB Layout Guidelines Inductor 1. Keep the inductor connection to the switch node (SW) short. 2. Do not route any digital lines underneath or close to the inductor. 3. Keep the switch node (SW) away from the feedback (FB) pin. 4. To minimize noise, place a ground plane underneath the inductor. To minimize EMI and output noise, follow these layout recommendations. PCB Layout is critical to achieve reliable, stable and efficient performance. A ground plane is required to control EMI and minimize the inductance in power, signal and return paths. The following guidelines should be followed to insure proper operation of the MIC2267 converter. IC 1. The 10µF ceramic capacitor, which is connected to the VIN pin, must be located right at the IC. The VIN pin is noise sensitive and placement of the capacitor is critical. Use wide traces to connect to the VIN and PGND pins. 2. The signal ground pin (AGND) must be connected directly to the ground planes. The common connection of PGND and AGND should be at the LOAD GND terminal. 3. Place the IC close to the point of load (POL). 4. Use fat traces to route the input and output power lines. 5. Signal and power grounds should be kept separate and connected at only one location. Output Capacitor 1. Use a wide trace to connect the output capacitor ground terminal to the input capacitor ground terminal. 2. Phase margin will change as the output capacitor value and ESR changes. Contact the factory if the output capacitor is different from what is shown in the BOM. 3. The feedback trace should be separate from the power trace and connected as close as possible to the output capacitor. Sensing a long high current load trace can degrade the DC load regulation. RC Snubber 1. Place the RC snubber on the same side of the board and as close to the SW pin as possible. Input Capacitor 1. Place the input capacitor next. 2. Place the input capacitors on the same side of the board and as close to the IC as possible. 3. Keep both the VIN and PGND connections short. 4. Place several vias to the ground plane close to the input capacitor ground terminal. 5. Use either X7R or X5R dielectric input capacitors. 6. Do not use Y5V or Z5U type capacitors. 7. Do not replace the ceramic input capacitor with any other type of capacitor. Any type of capacitor can be placed in parallel with the input capacitor. 8. If a Tantalum input capacitor is placed in parallel with the input capacitor, it must be recommended for switching regulator applications and the operating voltage must be derated by 50%. 9. In “Hot Plug” applications, a Tantalum or Electrolytic bypass capacitor must be used to limit the overvoltage spike seen on the input supply with power is suddenly applied. January 2011 15 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 MIC2267 Typical Application Circuit Bill of Materials Item L1 Part Number VLF5014ST-4R7M1R7 C3 12066D476MAT2A C9 Not Fitted 1210 size Manufacturer Description Qty. (1) 4.7µH, 2A inductor 1 (4) 47µF, 6.3V, X5R ceramic capacitor 1 TDK AVX 0 (4) C5 08056D106MAT2A AVX 10µF, 6.3V, X5R ceramic capacitor 1 C7 06033D104MAT2A AVX(4) 0.1µF, 25V ceramic capacitor 1 06033C153MAT2A (4) 15nF, 25V, ceramic capacitor 1 (4) C1 AVX C6 06033C102MAT2A AVX 1nF 25V, ceramic capacitor 1 C2 06033A101KAT2A AVX(4) 100pF, 25V, COG ceramic capacitor 1 C4 06035A821JAT2A (4) 820pF, 50V, NPO ceramic capacitor 1 C8 Not Fitted 0603 size AVX 0 (2) R1, R7 CRCW06031003FRT1 Vishay Dale 100K (0603 size), 1% 2 R2 CRCW06031002FRT1 Vishay Dale(2) 10K (0603 size), 1% 1 CRCW06037502FRT1 (2) 75K (0603 size), 1% 1 (2) 23.2K (0603 size), 1% 1 (2) R3 R4 CRCW06032322FRT1 Vishay Dale Vishay Dale R5 CRCW06031152FRT1 Vishay Dale 11.5K (0603 size), 1% 1 R6 CRCW06031503FRT1 Vishay Dale(2) 150K (0603 size), 1% 1 CRCW060322R1FRT1 (2) 22.1 (0603 size), 1% 1 (2) 1.21Ω (0805 size), 1% 1 (2) 49.9Ω (0603 size), 1% R8 R9 CRCW08051R21FRT1 R10 CRCW060349R9FRT1 U1 MIC2267YML Vishay Dale Vishay Dale Vishay Dale Micrel, Inc.(5) Input Current Limiting Synch’ Buck Regulator (12 pin 3mm x 3mm MLF) 1 Notes: 1. TDK: www.tdk.com. 2. Vishay: www.vishay.com. 3. Murata: www.murata.com. 4. AVX: www.avx.com. 5. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com. January 2011 16 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 PCB Layout Recommendations Top Layer Bottom Layer January 2011 17 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Package Information 12-Pin MLF® (YML) January 2011 18 M9999-011711-A Micrel Inc. MIC2267 Recommended Land Pattern Red circle indicates Thermal via. Size should be 0.300mm – 0.350mm in diameter, 1.00mm pitch and should connect to GND plane for maximum thermal performance. Green rectangle (with shaded area) indicates Solder Stencil Opening on exposed pad area. Size should be 0.50mm x 0.95mm, 1.15mm pitch. MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com Micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this data sheet. This information is not intended as a warranty and Micrel does not assume responsibility for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry, specifications and descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Micrel’s terms and conditions of sale for such products, Micrel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Micrel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of Micrel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2011 Micrel, Incorporated. January 2011 19 M9999-011711-A