MIC22400 4A Integrated Switch Synchronous Buck Regulator with Frequency Programmable up to 4MHz General Description The Micrel MIC22400 is a high-efficiency, 4A integrated switch synchronous buck (step-down) regulator. The MIC22400 is optimized for highest efficiency, achieving over 90% efficiency while still switching at 1MHz over a broad load range. The ultra-high-speed control loop keeps the output voltage within regulation even under extreme transient load swings commonly found in FPGAs and lowvoltage ASICs. The output voltage can be adjusted down to 0.7V to address all low-voltage power needs. The MIC22400 gives a full range of sequencing and tracking options. The EN/DLY pin combined with the Power-OnReset (POR) pin allows multiple outputs to be sequenced in any way on turn-on and turn-off. The Ramp Control™ (RC) pin allows the device to be connected to another MIC22400 family of products to keep the output voltages within a certain ΔV on start up. ® The MIC22400 is available in a 20-pin 3mm x 4mm MLF and thermally enhanced 20-pin e-TSSOP with a junction operating range from –40°C to +125°C. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com. Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Input voltage range: 2.6V to 5.5V Output voltage adjustable down to 0.7V Output load current up to 4A Full sequencing and tracking ability Power-On-Reset (POR) Efficiency > 90% across a broad load range Programmable frequency 300kHz to 4MHz Easy Ramp Control™ (RC) compensation Ultra fast transient response 100% maximum duty cycle Fully-integrated MOSFET switches Micropower shutdown Thermal shutdown and current-limit protection 20-pin 3mm x 4mm MLF® 20-pin e-TSSOP –40°C to +125°C junction temperature range Applications • • • • • • High power density point-of-load conversion Servers and routers DVD recorders Computing peripherals Base stations FPGAs, DSP and low-voltage ASIC power Typical Application MIC22400 4A Synchronous Buck Regulator Sequencing & Tracking Ramp Control is a trademark of Micrel, Inc. MLF and MicroLeadFrame are registered trademarks of Amkor Technology, Inc. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com December 2010 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Ordering Information Part Number Voltage Junction Temperature Range Package Lead Finish ® MIC22400YML Adjustable –40° to +125°C 20-Pin 3x4 MLF * Pb-Free MIC22400YTSE** Adjustable –40° to +125°C 20-Pin e-TSSOP Pb-Free Notes: * MLF is a Green RoHS compliant package. Lead finish is NiPdAu. Mold compound is Halogen Free. ** Contact Micrel Marketing for YTSE availability. Pin Configuration 20-Pin 3mm x 4mm MLF® (ML) 20-Pin e-TSSOP (TS) Pin Description Pin Number MLF-20 Pin Number e-TSSOP-20 Pin Name 1 4 POR 2 5 CF Adjustable frequency with external capacitor. Refer to table on page 12. 3, 5, 9 7, 12, 19 NC Not connected internally. 4 6 COMP Compensation pin (Input): Place a RC to GND to compensate the device, see applications section. 6 8 FB Feedback (Input): Input to the error amplifier, connect to the external resistor divider network to set the output voltage. 7 9 SGND Signal Ground (Signal): Ground 8 10 SVIN Signal Power Supply Voltage (Input): Requires bypass capacitor to GND. 10, 17 11, 20 PVIN Power Supply Voltage (Input): Requires bypass capacitor to GND. 11, 16 13, 18 PGND Power Ground (Signal): Ground 12, 13, 14, 15 14, 15, 16, 17 SW December 2010 Description Power-On-Reset (Output): Open-drain output device indicates when the output is out of regulation and is active after the delay set by the DELAY pin. Switch (Output): Internal power MOSFET output switches. 2 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Pin Description (Continued) Pin Number MLF-20 Pin Number e-TSSOP-20 Pin Name Description 18 1 EN/DLY Enable (Input): When this pin is pulled higher than the enable threshold, the part will start up. Below this voltage the device is in its low quiescent current mode. The pin has a 1µA current source charging it to VDD. By adding a capacitor to this pin a delay may easily be generated. The enable function will not operate with an input voltage lower than the min specified. 19 2 DELAY Delay (Input): Capacitor-to-ground sets internal delay timer. Timer delays POR output at turn-on and ramp down at turn-off. 20 3 RC Ramp Control: Capacitor to ground from this pin determines slew rate of output voltage during start-up. This can be used for tracking capability as well as soft start. EP EP GND December 2010 Exposed Pad (Power): Must make a full connection to a GND plane. 3 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VIN) .........................................................6V Output Switch Voltage (VSW) ............................................6V Output Switch Current (ISW)..............................................6A Logic Input Voltage (VEN, VLQ)........................... VIN to –0.3V Lead Temperature...................................................... 260°C Storage Temperature (Ts) .........................–65°C to +150°C ESD Rating.................................................................Note 3 Supply Voltage (VIN)......................................... 2.6V to 5.5V Junction Temperature (TJ) ..................–40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C Thermal Resistance 3x4 MLF-20 (θJA) ...............................................45°C/W e-TSSOP-20 (θJA) ...........................................32.2°C/W Electrical Characteristics(4) TA = 25°C with VIN = VEN = 3.3V; VOUT = 1.2V, CF = 400pF, unless otherwise specified. Bold values indicate –40°C< TJ < +125°C. Parameter Supply Voltage Range Undervoltage Lockout Threshold UVLO Hysteresis Quiescent Current, PWM Mode Shutdown Current [Adjustable] Feedback Voltage Condition Min. 2.6 2.4 (turn-on) VEN ≥1.34V; VFB = 0.9V (not switching) VEN = 0V ± 1% ± 2% (over temperature) Oscillator Frequency FB Pin Input Current Current Limit Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation Maximum Duty Cycle Switch ON-Resistance PFET Switch ON-Resistance NFET EN/DLY Threshold Voltage EN/DLY Source Current VFB = 0.5V VOUT 1.2V; VIN = 2.6 to 5.5V, ILOAD= 100mA 100mA < ILOAD < 4000mA, VIN = 3.3V VFB ≤ 0.5V ISW = 1000mA; VFB=0.5V ISW = 1000mA; VFB=0.9V VIN = 2.6 to VIN = 5.5V RC Pin IRAMP Ramp Control Current POR IPG(LEAK) VPORH = 5.5V; POR = High POR VPG(LO) Output Logic-Low Voltage (undervoltage condition), IPOR = 5mA POR VPG Threshold, % of VOUT below nominal Hysteresis Over-Temperature Shutdown Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis 0.693 0.686 0.8 4 Typ. 2.5 280 1.3 5 0.7 1 1 7 0.2 0.2 Max. Units 5.5 2.6 V V mV mA µA V V MHz nA A % % % Ω Ω V µA 2.0 10 0.707 0.714 1.2 10 100 1.14 0.7 0.060 0.035 1.24 1 1.34 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 µA 1 2 µA µA 135 7.5 10 mV 12.5 % 2.7 % 150 °C 10 °C Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. 4. Specification for packaged product only. December 2010 4 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Typical Characteristics 10 Shutdown Current vs. Input Voltage 10 Shutdown Current vs. Temperature 2.0 8 8 1.6 6 6 1.2 4 0.8 2 0.4 TA=25°C 4 2 0 2.5 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5.5 Quiescent Current vs. Temperature 1.6 VIN = 3.3V 0 0 2.5 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0.710 Reference Voltage vs. Input Voltage 0.710 0.705 Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage No Switching FB = 0.9V 25°C 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Reference Voltage vs. Temperature 0.705 1.2 0.700 0.8 No Switching 0.4 FB = 0.9V VIN = 3.3V 0 1.30 1.26 1.22 1.18 1.14 VIN = 3.3V 1.10 65 0.695 0.695 0.690 2.5 TEMPERATURE (°C) Enable Voltage vs. Temperature 8 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Enable Hysterisis vs. Temperature 5.5 0.690 1060 1040 6 1020 5 1000 4 980 3 960 2 940 1 VIN = 3.3V 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) P-Channel RDS ON vs. Temperature N-Channel RDS ON vs. Temperature 40 63 38 61 36 59 34 57 32 VIN = 3.3V TEMPERATURE (°C) 7 TEMPERATURE (°C) 55 0.700 TA=25°C Frequency vs. Temperature VIN = 3.3V CF = 390pF 920 900 TEMPERATURE (°C) 30 TEMPERATURE (°C) December 2010 TEMPERATURE (°C) 5 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Typical Characteristics (Continued) Efficiency V O = 3.3V Efficiency V O = 1.8V Efficiency V O = 1.2V 100 100 95 95 90 90 85 85 80 80 80 75 75 75 70 70 70 65 65 65 60 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 60 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) VIN = 5V 60 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) V IN = 5.0V, V OUT = 1.2V 60 150 Phase @ 4A 20 0 -20 40 0 VIN - 5V 85 -50 Phase @ 4A -20 -100 -40 -60 1 -150 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) December 2010 -200 1,000 150 200 60 40 Phase @ 4A 100 50 Gain @ 4A VIN - 5V VIN = 3.3V, V OUT = 1.8V 200 20 0 VIN - 3.3V 90 60 100 50 Gain @ 4A 95 V IN = 3.3V, V OUT = 1.2V 200 40 100 VIN - 3.3V 0 -50 100 20 50 0 0 -20 Gain @ 4A -60 1 -150 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 6 -200 1,000 -50 -100 -100 -40 150 -40 -60 1 -150 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) -200 1,000 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Functional Characteristics December 2010 7 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Functional Characteristics (Continued) December 2010 8 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Figure 1. Tracking Circuit and Waveform December 2010 9 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Functional Diagram Figure 2. MIC22400 Block Diagram December 2010 10 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Functional Description PVIN, SVIN PVIN is the input supply to the internal 60mΩ P-Channel Power MOSFET. This should be connected externally to the SVIN pin. The supply voltage range is from 2.6V to 5.5V. A 22µF ceramic is recommended for bypassing each PVIN supply. FB The feedback pin provides the control path to control the output. A resistor divider connecting the feedback to the output is used to adjust the desired output voltage. Refer to the “Feedback” section in Applications Information for more detail. EN/DLY This pin is internally fed with a 1µA current source to VIN. A delayed turn on is implemented by adding a capacitor to this pin. The delay is proportional to the capacitor value. The internal circuits are held off until EN/DLY reaches the enable threshold of 1.24V. POR This is an open drain output. A 47k resistor can be used for a pull up to this pin. POR is asserted high when output voltage reaches 90% of nominal set voltage and after the delay set by CDELAY. POR is asserted low without delay when enable is set low or when the output goes below the -10% threshold. For a Power Good (PG) function, the delay can be set to a minimum. This can be done by removing the DELAY pin capacitor. RC RC allows the slew rate of the output voltage to be programmed by the addition of a capacitor from RC to ground. RC is internally fed with a 1µA current source and VOUT slew rate is proportional to the capacitor and the 1µA source. SW This is the connection to the drain of the internal PChannel MOSFET and drain of the N-Channel MOSFET. This is a high-frequency high-power connection; therefore traces should be kept as short and as wide as practical. Delay Adding a capacitor to this pin allows the delay of the POR signal. When VOUT reaches 90% of its nominal voltage, the DELAY pin current source (1µA) starts to charge the external capacitor. At 1.24V, POR is asserted high. CF Adding a frequency additional range can 1). COMP The MIC22400 uses an internal compensation network containing a fixed frequency zero (phase lead response) and pole (phase lag response) which allows the external compensation network to be much simplified for stability. The addition of a single capacitor and resistor will add the necessary pole and zero for voltage mode loop stability using low value, low ESR ceramic capacitors. December 2010 capacitor to this pin can adjust switching from 800kHz to 4MHz. By adding an resistor from CF to ground, the frequency be extended down to 300KHz (refer to Table SGND Internal signal ground for all low power sections. PGND Internal ground connection to the source of the internal N-Channel MOSFETs. 11 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 For best electrical performance, the inductor should be placed very close to the SW nodes of the IC. For this reason, the heat of the inductor is somewhat coupled to the IC, so it offers some level of protection if the inductor gets too hot. It is important to test all operating limits before settling on the final inductor choice. The size requirements refer to the area and height requirements that are necessary to fit a particular design. Please refer to the inductor dimensions on their datasheet. DC resistance is also important. While DCR is inversely proportional to size, DCR can represent a significant efficiency loss. Refer to the “Efficiency Considerations” section for a more detailed description. Application Information The MIC22400 is a 4A synchronous step-down regulator IC with an adjustable switching frequency from 800kHz to 4MHz, voltage-mode PWM control scheme. The other features include tracking and sequencing control for controlling multiple output power systems, power on reset. Component selection Input Capacitor A minimum 22µF ceramic is recommended on each of the PVIN pins for bypassing. X5R or X7R dielectrics are recommended for the input capacitor. Do not use Y5V dielectrics. They lose most of their capacitance over temperature and become resistive at high frequencies. This reduces their ability to filter out high frequency noise. EN/DLY Capacitor EN/DLY pin sources 1µA out of the IC to allow a startup delay to be implemented. The delay time is simply the time it takes 1µA to charge CEN/DLY to 1.25V. Therefore: Output Capacitor The MIC22400 was designed specifically for the use of ceramic output capacitors. A 100µF can be increased to improve transient performance. Since the MIC22400 is in voltage mode, the control loop relies on the inductor and output capacitor for compensation. For this reason, do not use excessively large output capacitors. The output capacitor requires either an X7R or X5R dielectric. Y5V and Z5U dielectric capacitors, aside from the undesirable effect of their wide variation in capacitance over temperature, become resistive at high frequencies. Using Y5V or Z5U capacitors can cause instability in the MIC22400. TEN/DLY = Inductance • Rated current value • Size requirements • DC resistance (DCR) Capacitor CF 56pF 68pF 82pF 100pF 150pF 180pF 220pF 270pF 330pF 390pF 470pF The MIC22400 is designed for use with a 0.47µH to 4.7µH inductor. Maximum current ratings of the inductor are generally given in two methods: permissible DC current and saturation current. Permissible DC current can be rated either for a 40°C temperature rise or a 10% loss in inductance. Ensure the inductor selected can handle the maximum operating current. When saturation current is specified, make sure that there is enough margin that the peak current will not saturate the inductor. The ripple can add as much as 1.2A to the output current level. The RMS rating should be chosen to be equal or greater than the current limit of the MIC22400 to prevent overheating in a fault condition. December 2010 1.10 −6 CF Capacitor Adding a capacitor to this pin can adjust switching frequency from 800kHz to 4MHz. CF sources 400µA out of the IC to charge the CF capacitor to set up the switching frequency. The switch period is simply the time it takes 400µA to charge CF to 1.0V. Therefore: Inductor Selection Inductor selection will be determined by the following (not necessarily in the order of importance): • 1.24 ⋅ C EN/DLY Frequency 4.4MHz 4MHz 3.4MHz 2.8MHz 2.1MHz 1.7MHz 1.4MHz 1.2MHz 1.1MHz 1.05MHz 1MHz Table 1. CF vs. Frequency It is necessary to connect the CF capacitor between the CF pin and power ground. 12 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 300kHz to 800kHz Operation Additionally, the frequency range can be lowered by adding an additional resistor (RCF) in parallel with the CF capacitor. This reduces the amount of current used to charge the capacitor, reducing the frequency. The following equation can be used to for frequencies between 800kHz to 300kHz.: ⎛ 1.0V − RCF × CCF × ln⎜⎜1 + μ 400 A × RCF ⎝ RCF > 2.9KΩ ⎞ ⎟=t ⎟ ⎠ Efficiency Considerations Efficiency is defined as the amount of useful output power, divided by the amount of power consumed: ⎛V ×I Efficiency % = ⎜⎜ OUT OUT V IN × I IN ⎝ Figure 3. Efficiency Curve The region, 0.2A to 4A, efficiency loss is dominated by MOSFET RDS(ON) and inductor DC losses. Higher input supply voltages will increase the Gate-to-Source voltage on the internal MOSFETs, reducing the internal RDS(ON). This improves efficiency by reducing DC losses in the device. All but the inductor losses are inherent to the device. In which case, inductor selection becomes increasingly critical in efficiency calculations. As the inductors are reduced in size, the DC resistance (DCR) can become quite significant. The DCR losses can be calculated as follows: ⎞ ⎟⎟ × 100 ⎠ Maintaining high efficiency serves two purposes. It decreases power dissipation in the power supply, reducing the need for heat sinks and thermal design considerations and it decreases consumption of current for battery powered applications. Reduced current draw from a battery increases the devices operating time, critical in hand held devices. There are mainly two loss terms in switching converters: static losses and switching losses. Static losses are simply the power losses due to VI or I2R. For example, power is dissipated in the high side switch during the on cycle. Power loss is equal to the high-side MOSFET RDS(ON) multiplied by the RMS switch current squared (ISW2). During the off cycle, the low-side N-Channel MOSFET conducts, also dissipating power. Similarly, the inductor’s DCR and capacitor’s ESR also contribute to the I2R losses. Device operating current also reduces efficiency by the product of the quiescent (operating) current and the supply voltage. The current required to drive the gates on and in the frequency range from 800kHz to 4MHz and the switching transitions make up the switching losses. Figure 3 shows an efficiency curve. The portion, from 0A to 0.2A, efficiency losses are dominated by quiescent current losses, gate drive and transition losses. In this case, lower supply voltages yield greater efficiency in that they require less current to drive the MOSFETs and have reduced input power consumption. December 2010 LPD = IOUT2 × DCR From that, the loss in efficiency due to inductor resistance can be calculated as follows: Efficiency Loss = ⎡ ⎛ VOUT ⋅ I OUT ⎢1 − ⎜⎜ ( V ⎣⎢ ⎝ OUT ⋅ I OUT ) + LPD ⎞⎤ ⎟⎥ × 100 ⎟ ⎠⎦⎥ Efficiency loss due to DCR is minimal at light loads and gains significance as the load is increased. Inductor selection becomes a trade-off between efficiency and size in this case. Alternatively, under lighter loads, the ripple current due to the inductance becomes a significant factor. When light load efficiencies become more critical, a larger inductor value may be desired. Larger inductances reduce the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current, which minimize losses. Figure 4 illustrates the effects of inductance value at light load. 13 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 94 92 Efficiency vs. Inductance Note: For compensation values for various output voltages and inductor values refer to Table 4. 4.7µH 90 Feedback The MIC22400 provides a feedback pin to adjust the output voltage to the desired level. This pin connects internally to an error amplifier. The error amplifier then compares the voltage at the feedback to the internal 0.7V reference voltage and adjusts the output voltage to maintain regulation. The resistor divider network for a desired VOUT is given by: 88 86 84 1µH 82 80 78 76 0 VIN = 3.3V 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 4. Efficiency vs. Inductance R2 = Compensation The MIC22400 has a combination of internal and external stability compensation to simplify the circuit for small, high efficiency designs. In such designs, voltage mode conversion is often the optimum solution. Voltage mode is achieved by creating an internal 1MHz ramp signal and using the output of the error amplifier to modulate the pulse width of the switch node, thereby maintaining output voltage regulation. With a typical gain bandwidth of 100 − 200kHz, the MIC22400 is capable of extremely fast transient responses. The MIC22400 is designed to be stable with a typical application using a 1µH inductor and a 47µF ceramic (X5R) output capacitor. These values can be varied dependant upon the tradeoff between size, cost and efficiency, keeping the LC natural frequency 1 ) ideally less than 26 kHz to ensure ( 2 ⋅π ⋅ L ⋅C stability can be achieved. The minimum recommended inductor value is 0.47µH and minimum recommended output capacitor value is 22µF. The tradeoff between changing these values is that with a larger inductor, there is a reduced peak-to-peak current which yields a greater efficiency at lighter loads. A larger output capacitor will improve transient response by providing a larger hold up reservoir of energy to the output. The integration of one pole-zero pair within the control loop greatly simplifies compensation. The optimum values for CCOMP (in series with a 20k resistor) are shown in Table 2. CÆ 22-47µF LÈ 47µF100µF 0*-10pF 22pF 33pF 1µH 0†-15pF 15-22pF 33pF 15-33pF 33-47pF 100-220pF 2.2µH ⎞ ⎛ VOUT ⎜⎜ − 1⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎝ VREF where VREF is 0.7V and VOUT is the desired output voltage. A 10kΩ or lower resistor value from the output to the feedback is recommended since large feedback resistor values increase the impedance at the feedback pin, making the feedback node more susceptible to noise pick-up. A small capacitor (50pF – 100pF) across the lower resistor can reduce noise pick-up by providing a low impedance path to ground. PWM Operation The MIC22400 is a voltage mode, pulse width modulation (PWM) controller. By controlling the ratio of on-to-off time, or duty cycle, a regulated DC output voltage is achieved. As load or supply voltage changes, so does the duty cycle to maintain a constant output voltage. In cases where the input supply runs into a dropout condition, the MIC22400 will run at 100% duty cycle. The MIC22400 provides constant switching from 800kHz to 4MHz with synchronous internal MOSFETs. The internal MOSFETs include a 60mΩ high-side P-Channel MOSFET from the input supply to the switch pin and a 30mΩ N-Channel MOSFET from the switch pin-toground. Since the low-side N-Channel MOSFET provides the current during the off cycle, a freewheeling Schottky diode from the switch node-to-ground is not required. PWM control provides fixed-frequency operation. By maintaining a constant switching frequency, predictable fundamental and harmonic frequencies are achieved. Other methods of regulation, such as burst and skip modes, have frequency spectrums that change with load that can interfere with sensitive communication equipment. 100µF470µF 0.47µH R1 † * VOUT > 1.2V, VOUT > 1V Table 2. Compensation Capacitor Selection December 2010 14 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 is given by TRAMP = 0.7 ⋅ C RC where TRAMP is the time 1.10 −6 from 0 to 100% nominal output voltage. Sequencing and Tracking The MIC22400 provides additional pins to provide up/down sequencing and tracking capability for connecting multiple voltage regulators together. EN/DLY Pin The EN/DLY pin contains a trimmed, 1µA current source which can be used with a capacitor to implement a fixed desired delay in some sequenced power systems. The threshold level for power on is 1.24V with a hysteresis of 20mV. Sequencing and Tracking Examples There are four distinct variations which are easily implemented using the MIC22400. The two sequencing variations are Windowed and Delayed. The two tracking variants are Normal and Ratio Metric. The following diagrams illustrate methods for connecting two MIC22400’s to achieve these requirements: Sequencing: DELAY Pin The DELAY pin also has a 1µA trimmed current source and a 1µA current sink which acts with an external capacitor to delay the operation of the Power On Reset (POR) output. This can be used also in sequencing outputs in a sequenced system, but with the addition of a conditional delay between supplies; allowing a first up, last down power sequence. After EN/DLY is driven high, VOUT will start to rise (rate determined by RC capacitor). As the FB voltage goes above 90% of its nominal set voltage, DELAY pin begins to rise as the 1µA source charges the external capacitor. When the threshold of 1.24V is crossed, POR is asserted high and DELAY pin continues to charge to a voltage VDD. When FB falls below 90% of nominal, POR is asserted low immediately. However, if EN/DLY pin is driven low, POR will fall immediately to the low state and DELAY pin will begin to fall as the external capacitor is discharged by the 1µA current sink. When the threshold of VDD-1.24V is crossed, VOUT will begin to fall at a rate determined by the RC capacitor. As the voltage change in both cases is 1.24V, both rising and falling delays are 1.24 ⋅ C DELAY . matched at TPOR = 1.10 −6 RC Pin The RC pin provides a trimmed 1µA current source/sink similar to the DELAY pin for accurate ramp up (soft start) and ramp down control. This allows the MIC22400 to be used in systems requiring voltage tracking or ratio-metric voltage tracking at startup. There are two ways of using the RC pin: 1. Externally driven from a voltage source 2. Externally attached capacitor sets output ramp up/down rate In the first case, driving RC with a voltage from 0V to VREF will program the output voltage between 0 and 100% of the nominal set voltage. In the second case, the external capacitor sets the ramp up and ramp down time of the output voltage. The time December 2010 15 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Normal Tracking: December 2010 Ratio Metric Tracking: 16 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 An alternative method here shows an example of a VDDQ & VTT solution for a DDR memory power supply. Note that POR is taken from VO1 as POR2 will not go high. This is because POR is set high when FB > 0.9⋅VREF. In this example, FB2 is regulated to ½⋅VREF. Current Limit The MIC22400 is protected against overload in two stages. The first is to limit the current in the P-channel switch; the second is over-temperature shutdown. Current is limited by measuring the current through the high side MOSFET during its power stroke and immediately switching off the driver when the preset limit is exceeded. Figure 5 describes the operation of the current limit circuit. Since the actual RDSON of the P-Channel MOSFET varies part-to-part, over temperature and with input voltage, simple IR voltage detection is not employed. Instead, a smaller copy of the Power MOSFET (Reference FET) is fed with a constant current which is a directly proportional to the factory set current limit. This sets the current limit as a current ratio and thus, is not dependant upon the RDSON value. Current limit is set to 6A nominal. Variations in the scale factor K between the Power PFET and the reference PFET used to generate the limit threshold account for a relatively small inaccuracy. Figure 5. Current-Limit Detail December 2010 17 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 • Thermal Considerations The MIC22400 is packaged in the MLF® 3mm x 4mm, a package that has excellent thermal performance equaling that of the larger TSSOP packages. This maximizes heat transfer from the junction to the exposed pad (ePAD) which connects to the ground plane. The size of the ground plane attached to the exposed pad determines the overall thermal resistance from the junction to the ambient air surrounding the printed circuit board. The junction temperature for a given ambient temperature can be calculated using: TAMB is the Operating Ambient temperature. Example: To calculate the junction temperature for a 50°C ambient: TJ = TAMB+PDISS . RθJA TJ = 50 + 0.894 x 45 TJ = 90.2°C This is below the maximum of 125°C. TJ = TAMB + PDISS · RθJA where: • PDISS is the power dissipated within the MLF® package and is typically 0.89W at 3A load. This has been calculated for a 1µH inductor and details can be found in Table 3 for reference. • RθJA is a combination of junction to case thermal resistance (RθJC) and case-to-ambient thermal resistance (RθCA), since thermal resistance of the solder connection from the ePAD to the PCB is negligible; RθCA is the thermal resistance of the ground plane to ambient, so RθJA = RθJC + RθCA. VINÆ 3 VOUT @3AÈ 3.5 4 4.5 5 1 0.732 0.689 0.672 0.668 0.670 1.2 0.741 0.691 0.668 0.662 0.665 1.8 0.825 0.764 0.732 0.720 0.720 2.5 0.894 0.813 0.776 0.762 0.765 3.3 – 0.817 0.816 0.801 0.800 Table 3. Power Dissipation (W) for 4A Output December 2010 18 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 VIN = 5V VOUT L COUT CCOMP RCOMP CFF RFF CFB RFB 4.2V 1.5µH 2 x 47µF 100pF 20k Ω 1nF 4.7k Ω 100pF 953 Ω Table 4. Compensation Selection Figure 6. Table 4 Schematic Reference December 2010 19 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Evaluation Board Schematic Figure 7. MIC22400YML Evaluation Board Schematic (R9 is for testing purposes) Bill of Materials Item C1, C2, C3 C4, C5, C12 Part Number AVX C2012X5R0J226M TDK(2) C7 Murata(3) GRM188R71H102KA01D Murata(3) TDK 06035C102KAT2A AVX(1) TDK(2) 06035C103KAT2A (1) 06035A390JAT2A C9 CIN 1 Capacitor, 39pF, 50V, Size 0603 1 Capacitor, 390pF, 50V, Size 0603 1 Capacitor, 100pF, 50V, Size 0603 1 Capacitor, 47µF, 6.3V, X5R, Size 1206 2 AVX Murata(3) AVX Murata(3) TDK(2) (1) AVX Murata(3) C3216X5R0J476M TDK(2) 12066D476MAT2A (1) AVX B41125A3477M Epcos December 2010 Capacitor, 10nF, 50V, X7R, Size 0603 (1) 06035A391JAT2A GRM31CR60J476ME19 C10, C11 TDK(2) (1) 06035A101JT2A 2 AVX TDK(2) C1608COG1H101J Capacitor, 1nF, 50V, COG, Size 0603 Murata(3) 1608COG1H391J GRM188R71H101JA01 3 Murata(3) C1608X7R1H103K C1608COG1H390J Qty. Capacitor, 1nF, 50V, X7R, Size 0603 (2) C1608C0G1H102J GRM188R71H391JA01 C8 Capacitor, 22µF, 6.3V, X5R, Size 0805 GRM21BR60J226ME39L GRM188R71H390JA01 Description (1) 08056D226MAT GRM188R71H103KA01D C6 Manufacturer 470µF, 10V, Electrolytic, 8x10-case 20 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Bill of Materials (Continued) Item L1 Part Number (5) Description Qty. FP3-1R0-R( 7.2x6.7x3mm ) Cooper Inductor, 1µH, 6.26A 1 CDRH8D28NP-1R0NC ( 8x6x3mm ) Sumida(6) Inductor, 1µH, 8A 1 SPM6530T-1R0M120 ( 7x6.5x3mm ) R1 Manufacturer CRCW06031101FKEYE3 (2) TDK Inductor, 1µH, 12A 1 (4) Resistor, 1.1k, 1%, Size 0603 1 (4) Vishay R2 CRCW06036980FKEYE3 Vishay Resistor, 698, 1%, Size 0603 1 R3 CRCW06032002FKEYE3 Vishay(4) Resistor, 20k, 1%, Size 0603 1 CRCW06034752FKEYE3 (4) Resistor, 47.5k, 1%, Size 0603 1 (4) R4 Vishay R5 CRCW06031003FKEYE3 Vishay Resistor, 100k, 1%, Size 0603 1 R6 CRCW06032R20FKEA Vishay(4) Resistor, 2.2Ω, 1%, Size 0603 1 R7 CRCW060349R9FKEA Vishay(4) Resistor, 49.9Ω, 1%, Size 0603 1 (4) Q1 2N7002E Vishay Open 1 U1 MIC22400YML Micrel(7) Integrated 4A Synchronous Buck Regulator 1 Notes: 1. AVX: www.avx.com. 2. TDK: www.tdk.com. 3. Murata: www.murata.com. 4. Vishay: www.vishay.com. 5. Cooper Bussmann: www.cooperet.com. 6. Sumida: www.sumida.com. 7. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com. December 2010 21 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 PCB Layout Recommendations Top Silk Top Layer December 2010 22 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 PCB Layout Recommendations (Continued) Mid Layer 1 Mid Layer 2 December 2010 23 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 PCB Layout Recommendations (Continued) Bottom Silk Bottom Layer December 2010 24 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Package Information 20-Pin 3mm x 4mm MLF® (ML) December 2010 25 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Package Information (Continued) 20-Pin e-TSSOP (TS) December 2010 26 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Recommended Landing Pattern 20-Pin 3mm x 4mm MLF® (ML) December 2010 27 M9999-120310-F Micrel, Inc. MIC22400 Recommended Landing Pattern (Continued) 20-Pin e-TSSOP (TS) MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com Micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this data sheet. This information is not intended as a warranty and Micrel does not assume responsibility for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry, specifications and descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Micrel’s terms and conditions of sale for such products, Micrel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Micrel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of Micrel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2008 Micrel, Incorporated. December 2010 28 M9999-120310-F