SC5010H High Efficiency 8-Channel LED Driver with I2C Interface and Phase-Shifted PWM Dimming POWER MANAGEMENT Features Description VIN Range — 4.5V to 27V, VOUT Range — Up to 50V Step-up (Boost) Controller Ultra-Fast Transient Response Integrated Soft-start Programmable Switching Frequency Linear Current Sinks 8 Strings, up to 50mA/String Current Matching ±1% Current Accuracy ±2% PWM Dimming String-by-String Phase Shifting Input Dimming Frequency 100Hz-30kHz User Selectable 9 or 10 Bits Dimming Resolution Optional Synchronization to VSYNC/HSYNC Signal Optional External p-MOSFET Disconnect Switch True Load Disconnect and Inrush Current Limiting I2C Interface Fault Status — Open/Short LED, UVLO, OTP Device Control — SYNC Freq, PLL Setting Protection Features Open/Shorted LED(s) and adjustable OVP Over-Temperature and UVLO Shutdown Protection 4 X 4 X 0.6 (mm) 28-pin QFN Package Applications Notebook PCs, UMPC, LCD Monitors, and Tablet PCs The SC5010H is an 8-channel high-precision, high-efficiency step-up (Boost) LED driver for backlight applications. It features wide input voltage range (4.5V to 27V) , flexible output configuration, wide analog and PWM dimming range, phase shifting and fading. It also features video signal synchronization (VSYNC), I2C interface, and numerous protection features. An optional disconnect p-MOSFET provides true load disconnection and inrush current limiting. The boost controller, with programmable switching frequency from 200kHz to 2.2MHz, maximizes efficiency by dynamically minimizing the output voltage while maintaining LED string current accuracy. It provides excellent line and load response with no external compensation components. Each linear current sink is matched within ±1% for superb lighting uniformity, and the accuracy of each string current is ±2%. An external resistor adjusts the current from 10-50mA per string. It also features PWM dimming resolution of 9 or 10 bits (user selectable) over dimming frequency from 100Hz to 20kHz, synchronized to the SYNC signal or the boost oscillator. String-by-string phase shifting reduces the demand on the input/output capacitance, decreases EMI, and improves dimming linearity. SC5010H is available in a low-profile, thermally enhanced, 4 X 4 X 0.6(mm) QFN 28-pin package. Typical Application Circuit V IN = 4 .5 to 27 V C2 DRVP DRVN V IN R1 R2 V C C = 4 .5 to 5 .5 V R3 F LT EN SYNC PW MI U V LO F LT IO 1 BG R5 R 10 R 11 C4 R7 C5 R4 S C 5010 H OVP PW MI C3 Q1 CS VCC SYNC R6 Revision 1.0 C1 EN SDA SCL F or I 2 C D 1 V O U T up to 50 V L1 Q2 (O ptional) R8 R9 IO 2 IO 3 IO 4 IO 5 U p to 50 m A /C H IO 6 SCP FSET IS E T C P LL IO 7 IO 8 AGND PGND © 2011 Semtech Corporation SC5010H DRVP DRVN PGND CS OVP IO 1 Ordering Information V IN Pin Configuration 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 VCC 1 21 IO 2 EN 2 20 103 UVLO 3 19 IO 4 SCP 4 18 IO 5 BG 5 17 IO 6 FSET 6 16 IO 7 AGND 7 15 IO 8 11 12 13 14 IS E T FLT PW MI 10 SDA 9 SCL CPLL 8 SYNC AGND Device Package SC5010HULTRT(1)(2) MLPQ-UT-28 4×4 SC5010HEVB Evaluation Board Notes: (1) Available in tape and reel only. A reel contains 3,000 devices. (2) Lead-free packaging only. Device is WEEE and RoHS compliant, and halogen-free. MLPQ-28; 4x4, EP1 θJA = 30°C/W Marking Information 5010H yyw w xxxxx xxxxx nnnn = Part Number yyww = Date code xxxxx = Semtech Lot No. xxxxx = Semtech Lot No. SC5010H Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions VCC Pin (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to +6.0 Ambient Temperature Range (°C). . . . . . . . . -40 < TA < +85 VIN, DRVP, IO1 to IO8(V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to +30 VIN (V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 to 27 DRVN, OVP, CS, EN, UVLO, SCP, BG, FLT (V).. . . -0.3 to +6.0 IO1 to IO8 Current per String (mA) . . . . . . . . . . . up to 50 FSET, CPLL, SYNC, SCL, SDA, ISET, PWMI(V). . -0.3 to +6.0 PGND TO AGND (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +0.3 ESD Protection Level(1) (kV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Thermal Information Thermal Resistance, Junction to Ambient(2) (°C/W) . . . . 30 Maximum Junction Temperature (°C). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150 Storage Temperature Range (°C). . . . . . . . . . . . . -65 to +150 Peak IR Reflow Temperature (10s to 30s) (°C) . . . . . . . +260 Exceeding the above specifications may result in permanent damage to the device or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not recommended. NOTES: (1) Tested according to JEDEC standard JESD22-A114-B. (2) Calculated from package in still air, mounted to 3 x 4.5 (in.), 4 layer FR4 PCB with thermal vias under the exposed pad per JESD51 standards. Electrical Characteristics Unless noted otherwise, TA = 25°C for typical, -40°C < TA = TJ < 85°C for min and max. VCC = 5V, RISET = 32.4 kΩ, RFSET = 100 kΩ , VIN = 12V. Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units 5.5 V 4.4 V Input Supply VCC Supply Voltage VCC 4.5 VCC Under-Voltage Lockout Threshold VCC-UVLO(TH) VCC Voltage Rising VCC Under-Voltage Lockout Hysteresis VCC-UVLO(HYS) VCC Voltage Falling 180 mV VCC Quiescent Supply Current ICC(Q) EN = 5V, Switching, No Load 2 mA VCC Supply Current in Shutdown ICC(SD) EN = 0V 1 µA VIN Supply Current in Shutdown IVIN(SD) EN = 0V, VIN = 27V 1 µA VUVLO Under-Voltage Lockout Threshold VUVLO(TH) UVLO Pin Voltage Rising 1.18 1.23 1.28 V IUVLO Under-Voltage Lockout Hysteresis IUVLO(HYS) UVLO Pin Voltage Falling 7 10 13 µA 1.20 1.23 1.26 V VBG Bandgap Voltage VBG 4.0 4.2 External FET Gate Drive DRVN High Level VDRVN(H) 100mA from DRVN to GND VCC -0.5 VCC -0.2 V DRVN Low Level VDRVN(L) -100mA from DRVN to VCC 0.2 0.5 V DRVN On-Resistance RDRVN DRVN high or Low 2 5 Ω DRVN Sink / Source Current IDRVN DRVN forced to 2.5V 1 A SC5010H Electrical Characteristics (continued) Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units 0.36 0.40 0.44 V Boost Converter CS Current Limit Threshold VCS(ILIM) Soft-start Time (1) tSS From EN to end of soft start 4.4 Boost Oscillator Frequency FSW RFSET = 100kΩ 0.85 Boost Oscillator Frequency FOSC RFSET Varies 0.2 Maximum Duty Cycle DMAX 85 1 ms 1.15 MHz 2.2 MHz 90 % 20 µA Output Disconnect Gate Drive DRVP Sink Current IDRVP(L) DRVP = 12V DRVP clamp voltage VCLAMP DRVP floating, VCLAMP = VIN - VDRVP ILEAK VDRVP = 27V, VEN = 0V High Voltage Threshold VIH VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V Low Voltage Threshold VIL VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V 0.8 V VSDA(L) -6mA from VCC to SDA 0.3 V ILEAK VEN = 0V, VVSYNC = VPWMI = VISET = VFSET = VSDA = VSDL = 5.0V -1 1 µA DRVP Pin Leakage Current 5 7 8 V 0.1 1 µA Control Signals: EN, PWMI, SYNC, SDA, SCL SDA Output Low Pin Leakage Current 2.1 V PWM Dimming Input PWMI Input Dimming Frequency FPWMI 100 30k Hz SYNC Input Frequency FSYNC 30 100k Hz PWMI Input Resolution 100Hz < FPWMI < 10kHz 10 bits 10kHz < FPWMI < 20kHz 9 bits Over-Voltage Protection OVP Trip Threshold Voltage VOVP(TRIG) OVP Rising 1.18 1.23 OVP Hysteresis VOVP(HYS) OVP Falling 10 OVP Leakage Current IOVP(LEAK) OVP = 5V 0.1 1.28 V mV 1 µA SC5010H Electrical Characteristics (continued) Parameter Symbol Conditions TPWM(MIN) FPWM(LED) = 100Hz - 30kHz Min Typ Max Units Current Sink (IO1 to IO8) IOx Dimming Minimum Pulse Width ISET pin voltage VISET Regulation Voltage VIOn(REG) Voltage of Regulating String Current Sink Disable Threshold VIOn(DIS) Checked at Power-up Current Sink Rise/Fall Time (1) tRISE/FALL Rising edge from 10% to 90% of IO(n) LED Current Accuracy IOn(ACC%) PWMI = 100%, TA = +25°C LED Current Matching (2) IOn(MATCH) IOn Off Leakage Current IOn(LEAK) IO Switching Frequency FPWM(IO) Phase Delay Time between IO Pins (IO1 to IO8) tPD PWM Output Resolution 300 ns 1.23 V 0.9 V 0.6 V 25 39.2 40 ns 40.8 mA PWMI = 100%, TA = +25 °C ±1 % PWMI = 100%, TA = -40 °C to +85 °C ±2 % 1 µA PWMI = 0V, EN = 0V, VIO1 ~ VIO8 = 25V 0.1 FAST_FREQ = 0 10 FAST_FREQ = 1 (Default Setting) 20 FAST_FREQ = 1 (default setting) tPD = (1/8)*(1/FPWM(IO)), 8 Strings On 6.25 FPWM(IO) = 10kHz 10 FPWM(IO) = 20kHz 9 kHz µs bits Fault Protection LED Short Circuit Protection Threshold VIOn(SCP) LED Open Circuit Protection Threshold VIO_OCP R4 and R5 (3) LED Short Circuit Fault Delay tSCP(DELAY) VOVP set to 1.5V, FLT goes low FLT Pin Leakage Current IFLT(LEAK) VEN = 0V, VFLT = 5.0V FLT Output Low VFLT(LOW) -5mA from FLT to VCC 17xVSCP 20xVSCP 23xVSCP V 0.2 V 1 µs -1 1 µA 0.3 V Over-Temperature Protection Thermal Shutdown Temperature 150 °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 10 °C SC5010H Electrical Characteristics (continued) Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units 400 kHz I2C Control Interface: SDA, SCL Timing Specifications SCL Clock Frequency FSCL SCL Clock Low Period tLOW(SCL) 1.3 µs SCL Clock High Period tHIGH(SCL) 0.6 µs Hold Time Start Condition tHD(START) 0.6 µs SDA Setup Time tSU(SDA) 100 ns SDA Hold Time tHD(SDA) 0 Setup Time Stop Condition tSU(STOP) 0.6 µs tBF 1.3 µs Bus Free Time between Stop & Start 0.9 µs Notes: (1) Ensured by design and characterization, not production tested (2) LED current matching for 8 channels is defined as the largest of the two numbers, i.e., (MAX-AVG)/AVG and (AVG-MIN)/AVG; where MAX is the maximum of LED channel current, MIN is the minimum LED channel current and AVG is the average of the 8 LED channel current. (3) Refer to the detailed application circuit on page 21. SC5010H Typical Characteristics Backlight Efficiency vs. Input Voltage Backlight Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 6P10S 100 % 96 % 95 % 50mA/string 6P10S 92 % 40mA/string 85 % 30mA/string 50mA/string Efficiency Efficiency 6P8S 90 % 6P6S 88 % 84 % 80 % 75 % 5 0 10 15 VIN (V) 20 25 80 % 30 Backlight Efficiency vs. LED String Current 95 % 50mA/string 90 % 40mA/string 30mA/string 30 70 % 75 % 70 % 65 % 65 % 60 % 60 % 55 % 55 % 20 0 40 60 80 50 % 100 0 50mA/string, 6P10S, 20kHz Dimming LED String Current Change 100 % VIN = 27V 1% VIN = 6.5V VIN = 12V VIN = 20V 0.1 100 100 10 % 200Hz/1kHz Dimming 1% 0.1 % 0.01 % 1 10 LED PWM Dimming Duty Cycle (%) 40 60 80 LED PWM Dimming Duty Cycle (%) 50mA/string, VIN = 6.5V, 6P10S VIN = 12V 0.01 % 20 PWM Dimming Linearity with Phase Shift PWM Dimming Linearity with Phase Shift 10 % 30mA/string 40mA/string LED PWM Dimming Duty Cycle (%) LED String Current Change 25 50mA/string 80 % 75 % 0.1 % 20 VIN (V) VIN = 6.5V 90 % Efficiency Efficiency 80 % 100 % 15 85 % 85 % 50 % 10 Backlight Efficiency vs. LED String Current VIN = 12V 95 % 5 0.001 % 0.1 30kHz Dimming 20kHz Dimming 10kHz Dimming 1 10 LED PWM Dimming Duty Cycle (%) 100 SC5010H Typical Characteristics (continued) LED String Current Accuracy vs. Temperature LED String Current Matching vs. Temperature 40mA/string 50mA/string (nominal) 52.0 LED String Current Accuracy (mA) LED String Current Matching 1.2 % 0.8 % 0.4 % 51.5 51.0 50.5 50.0 49.5 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 Temperature (°C) 60 80 49.0 -40 100 -20 20 40 Temperature (°C) 60 80 100 LED String Current vs. RISET Switching Frequency vs. RFSET 2400 0.05 2000 0.04 LED String Current (A) Boost Switching Frequency (kHz) 0 1600 1200 800 0.03 0.02 0.01 400 0 150 300 RFSET (k Ω) 450 0 600 LED String Current Change vs. Analog Dimming Control Register (IDAC) Value 25 50 75 RISET (k Ω) 100 125 150 LED String Current Matching vs. Analog Dimming Control Register (IDAC) Value 100 % 2.0 % 40mA/string when IDAC = 31 (in decimal format) LED String Current Matching LED String Current Change 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 1.6 % -40 °C 1.2 % 0 °C 0.8 % 85 °C 0.4 % 25 °C 10 % 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 IDAC Register Value (in decimal format) 28 32 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 IDAC Register Value (in decimal format) 28 32 SC5010H Typical Characteristics (continued) LED Current Fade In/Out (Linear) LED Current Fade In/Out (Logarithmic) 50mA/string, 6P10S PWMI PWMI 5V/div. 5V/div. VIO1 VIO1 5V/div. 5V/div. VOUT VOUT 20V/div. 20V/div. IO_LED (total) IO_LED (total) 200mA/div. 200mA/div. Time (40ms/div) Time (40ms/div) LED Open Circuit Protection Line Transient Response 100% Dimming, 50mA/string, 6P10S Starting with one LED string open-circuit 20V VIN 10V/div. FLT 6.5V 5V/div. VEN VLX 5V/div. 20V/div. VOUT VOUT (ac coupled) 20V/div. 1V/div. IO_LED (total) IO_LED (total) 200mA/div. 200mA/div. Time (2µs/div) Time (20ms/div) Load Transient Response Load Transient Response PWMI (10kHz) = 2% to 98%, VIN = 12V, 50mA/String X 6 PWMI (10kHz) = 98% to 2%, VIN = 12V, 50mA/String X 6 Fading disabled Fading disabled V_PWMI V_PWMI 5V/div. 5V/div. VO (ac coupled) (ac coupled) 200mV/div. VO 200mV/div. IO_LED (total) IO_LED (total) 100mA/div. 100mA/div. Time (100µs/div) Time (100µs/div) SC5010H Typical Characteristics (continued) LED Dimming Without Phase Shift LED Dimming With Phase Shift 10% Dimming @ 200Hz, VIN = 6.5V, Output = 6P10S, 50mA/string 10% Dimming @ 200Hz, VIN = 6.5V, Output = 6P10S, 50mA/string VIO1 VIO1 10V/div. 10V/div. VIO2 VIO2 10V/div. 10V/div. IIN IIN 2A/div. 2A/div. IO_LED (total) IO_LED (total) 200mA/div. 200mA/div. Time (2ms/div) LED Dimming Without Phase Shift Time (2ms/div) LED Dimming With Phase Shift 35% Dimming @ 200Hz, VIN = 6.5V, Output = 6P10S, 50mA/string 35% Dimming @ 200Hz, VIN = 6.5V, Output = 6P10S, 50mA/string VIO1 VIO1 10V/div. 10V/div. VIO2 VIO2 10V/div. 10V/div. IIN IIN 2A/div. 2A/div. IO_LED (total) IO_LED (total) 200mA/div. 200mA/div. Time (2ms/div) LED Dimming With Phase Shift LED Dimming Without Phase Shift 10% Dimming @ 20kHz, VIN = 9V, Output = 8P10S, 50mA/string 10% Dimming @ 20kHz, VIN = 9V, Output = 8P10S, 50mA/string IIO1 IIO1 50mA/div. 50mA/div. IIO2 IIO2 50mA/div. 50mA/div. IIO3 IIO3 50mA/div. 50mA/div. IIO4 IIO4 50mA/div. 50mA/div. Time (10µs/div) Time (2ms/div) Time (10µs/div) 10 SC5010H Typical Characteristics (continued) Synchronization of the LED Dimming to An External HSYNC Input Delay Between HSYNC Rising Edge and Turnon of LED String 1 HSYNC = 48kHz VHSYNC VHSYNC 5V/div. 5V/div. VLX 20V/div. VIO1 5V/div. VIO1 5V/div. VIO2 5V/div. Time (10µs/div) Time (400ns/div) Analog Dimming Transient via I2C Analog Dimming Transient via I2C 10mA/string to 50mA/string, 6P10S 50mA/string to 10mA/string, 6P10S VSDA VSDA 5V/div. 5V/div. IL IL 2A/div. 2A/div. VOUT (ac coupled) VOUT (ac coupled) 2V/div. 2V/div. IO_LED (total) IO_LED (total) 200mA/div. Time (40µs/div) 200mA/div. Time (100µs/div) VBG vs. Temperature VIN Start Up Output = 6P10S, 50mA/string 1.225 1.224 VIN VBG (V) 5V/div. VLX 20V/div. 1.223 1.222 VOUT 20V/div. 1.221 IO_LED (total) 1.220 200mA/div. Time (20ms/div) -40 -20 0 20 40 Temperature (°C) 60 80 100 11 SC5010H Pin Descriptions Pin # Pin Name Pin Function 1 VCC Input bias voltage supply for the IC — accepts 4.5-5.5V inputs. Add a 1µF or larger ceramic bypass capacitor from this pin to ground. 2 EN Logic high enable pin — pull logic high to enable the device or pull low to disable and maintain low shutdown current. 3 UVLO Input under-voltage lockout pin — Device is disabled when this pin is less than 1.23V (nominal). Add a resistor divider from this pin to the input voltage and AGND, respectively. 4 SCP Short circuit LED protection programming pin. Shorted LED protection disables the individual channel when the current sink voltage exceeds the programmed voltage threshold. Adding resistor divider from this pin to BG and AGND programs the shorted-LED protection up to 20 X the VSCP voltage. Pulling the pin high to VCC disables the SCP feature on all channels. 5 BG 1.23V bandgap output pin — Connect a 1µF ceramic bypass capacitor from this pin to ground. 6 FSET Step-up (boost) frequency set pin — Connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set the frequency from 200kHz to 2.2MHz. 7 AGND Analog ground pin — tie this pin to analog (quiet) ground isolated from the step-up (boost) converter switching current path. 8 CPLL Compensation for the internal PLL — connect a compensation resistor and capacitor from this pin to ground. This pin can be left floating if not used. 9 SYNC SYNC input pin — feeding the SYNC signal (30Hz - 100kHz) to this input results in internal PLL being synchronized to the SYNC signal. This pin can be left floating if not used. 10 SCL I2C serial clock input — this pin must be connected to ground if not used. 11 SDA I2C serial data input — this pin must be connected to ground if not used. 12 ISET LED current programming pin — connect an external resistor to ground to program the current in the LED strings. For more details please refer to LED String Peak Current Programming on page 16. 13 FLT Logic low fault status pin — open-drain output is latched low when fault condition is detected: Open/Short LED, Shorted String, OVP or OTP. Fault status can be reset by removing fault condition(s) and toggling the EN, VCC or UVLO pins. This pin can be left floating if not used. 14 PWMI 15 IO8 Regulated current sink LED channel 8 — connect this pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 8. Connect pin to ground to disable this LED string. 16 IO7 Regulated current sink LED channel 7 — connect this pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 7. Connect pin to ground to disable this LED string. 17 IO6 Regulated current sink LED channel 6 — connect this pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 6. Connect pin to ground to disable this LED string. 18 IO5 Regulated current sink LED channel 5 — connect this pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 5. Connect pin to ground to disable this LED string. 19 IO4 Regulated current sink LED channel 4 — connect this pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 4. Connect pin to ground to disable this LED string. PWM dimming control input 12 SC5010H Pin Descriptions (continued) Pin # Pin Name Pin Function 20 IO3 Regulated current sink LED channel 3 — connect this pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 3. Connect pin to ground to disable this LED string. 21 IO2 Regulated current sink LED channel 2 — connect this pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 2. Connect pin to ground to disable this LED string. 22 IO1 Regulated current sink LED channel 1 — connect this pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 1. Connect pin to ground to disable this LED string. 23 OVP Over-voltage feedback pin — over-voltage activated when pin exceeds 1.23V(typ). Use a resistor divider tied to the output and GND to set the OVP level. 24 CS 25 PGND Power ground — tie this pin to the power ground plane close to input and output decoupling capacitors. 26 DRVN Gate drive for the external step-up (boost) n-channel MOSFET. 27 DRVP Gate drive for the external p-channel MOSFET disconnect switch. 28 VIN Connect to the input power supply — accepts 4.5V - 27V input. Usually add 4.7µF or larger ceramic bypass capacitor from this pin to ground. PAD - Thermal pad for heat-sinking purposes — it is also AGND and should be connected to ground plane for proper circuit operation. Step-up (boost) switch current sense pin — Connect a resistor from this pin to ground for current sense - utilized in peak current mode control loop and over-current sense circuitry. 13 SC5010H Block Diagram BG FSET SCP EN UVLO DRVP 5 6 4 2 3 27 VBG CPLL 8 SYNC 9 X20 + SC_REF CP PLL VCO BG B o o st O scilla to r OSC 18 1 I2C (P L L ra n g e ) 10M H z (S yste m C lk) P W M F re q . A d ju st V IN 2 8 PW M 14 HS C o n tro l L o g ic LS OTP 1 /N VCC 23 O V P - OVP C L IM PW M COMP 8 S lo p e Com p 24 C S R e cycle G e n e ra to r EA + DC - 8 M in im u m V o lta g e D e te ctio n 8 10 D u ty C ycle MUX O C /S C D e te ctio n 8 I2 C In te rfa ce S C L 10 FLT 13 I C In te rfa ce and L E D C o n tro l L o g ic 2 1 IO 2 1 8 IO 5 8 L E D F re q A d ju st 1 7 IO 6 P W M D im A d ju st IS E T A d ju st 2 2 IO 1 1 9 IO 4 10 2 SC_REF 2 0 IO 3 L E D O p e n /S h o rt F a u lt S D A 11 DRVN DC - COMP D u ty C ycle E xtra cto r + IL IM - + + 8 5 5 -b it DAC 1 6 IO 7 I-R E F ADJ 1 5 IO 8 OTP 12 25 7 IS E T PGND AGND 14 SC5010H Applications Information General Description The SC5010H contains a high frequency, current-mode, internally compensated boost controller and eight constant current sinks for driving LED strings. The LED current for all strings is programmed by an external resistor and the boost converter operates to maintain minimal required output voltage for regulating the LED current to the programmed value. Each string can support up to 50mA current. The unique control loop of the SC5010H allows fast transient response in dealing with line and load disturbances. The SC5010H operating with an external power MOSFET regulates the boost converter output voltage based on instantaneous requirement of the eight string current sources. This provides power to the entire lighting subsystem with increased efficiency and reduced component count. It supports PWM dimming frequencies from 100Hz to 30kHz and the supply current is reduced to typical 2mA when all LED strings are off. Start-Up When the EN pin is pulled up high (>2.1V), the device is enabled and the UVLO and VCC pin voltages are checked. The VCC voltage has fixed under-voltage rising and falling trip points. If the VCC pin is higher than 4.2V and UVLO pin voltage is greater than 1.23V, the SC5010H goes into a startup sequence. The UVLO pin voltage can be used to program the input power source voltage VIN turn on threshold and its hysteresis (refer to the Detailed Application Circuit on page 21) as shown by the following equations: VIN_TurnOn [V] = 1.23 X (R1 + R2) / R1 VIN_Hysteresis [V] = 10-5 X R2 [Ω] In the next phase, the SC5010H checks each IO pin to determine if the respective LED string is enabled. Each IO pin is pulled up with a 100µA current source. If any IO pin is connected to GND, it will be detected as an unused string, and will be turned off. This unused string checking procedure takes 1ms (typical). After this the SC5010H enters into a soft-start sequence. up the reference voltage fed to the error amplifier. This closed loop start-up method allows the output voltage to ramp up without any overshoot. The duration of the soft-start in SC5010H is controlled by an internal timing circuit which is used during start-up and it’s based on the boost converter switching frequency. For example, with switching frequency at 1MHz, it is typical 8ms and it becomes typical 4ms when the switching frequency is 2MHz. If PWMI voltage goes low while the SC5010H is in soft start operation, the SC5010H switches to standby mode. Under such mode, the external power MOSFET and the LED current sources will be turned off immediately. The internal soft-start timer is turned off and the soft-start value is saved. When the PWMI voltage goes high again, the soft-start resumes from the previously saved value. Each LED current source (IO1 to IO8) tries to regulate the LED current to its set point. The control loop will regulate the output voltage such that all the IO pin voltages are at least typical 0.9V. Shutdown When the EN pin is pulled down below 0.8V, the device enters into shutdown mode. In this mode, all the internal circuitry is turned off and the supply current is less than 1µA(max). In the scenario when the EN pin voltage is high, but either VIN or VCC voltage falls below their respective UVLO threshold, the SC5010H goes into a suspend mode. In this mode, all the internal circuitry except the reference and the oscillator are turned off. Thermal Shutdown (TSD) If the thermal shutdown temperature of 150°C is reached, the boost converter and all IO current sources are turned off. FLT pin is forced low in this situation. As temperature falls below the TSD trip point by 10°C, the SC5010H will restart following the startup sequence as described before. The FLT pin is latched and will stay low, it is reset by cycling the EN, VCC, or UVLO. The soft-start function helps to prevent excess inrush current through the input rail during startup. In the SC5010H, the soft-start is implemented by slowly ramping 15 SC5010H Applications Information (continued) Boost Converter Operation The SC5010H includes a boost controller with programmable switching frequency. It applies current-mode control method with integrated compensation loop. The clock (see block diagram) from the oscillator sets the latch and turns on the external power MOSFET, which serves as the main power switch. The current flowing through this switch is sensed by the current sense resistor in series with the switch. The sensed switch current is summed with the slope-compensated ramp and fed into the modulating input of the PWM comparator. When the modulating ramp intersects the error amplifier output (COMP), the latch is reset and the power MOSFET is turned off. The sense resistor also sets the peak current limit of the power MOSFET, IOCP using the following equation: IOCP[A] = 0.4 / RCS [Ω] The current-mode control system contains two loops. For the inner current loop, the Error Amplifier (EA) output (COMP) controls the peak inductor current. In the outer loop, the EA regulates the output voltage for driving the LED strings. Boost Converter Switching Frequency Selection The resistor between FSET and GND sets the boost converter switching frequency (200kHz to 2.2MHz) using the following equation: fSW [kHz] = 105/ RFSET [kΩ] Higher switching frequency allows the use of low profile height inductor for space-constrained and cost-sensitive applications. Over-Voltage Protection (OVP) SC5010H features programmable output over-voltage protection preventing damage to the IC and output capacitor in the event of LED string open-circuit. The boost converter output voltage is sensed at the OVP pin through resistor voltage divider. The OVP trip threshold (refer to detailed application circuit on page 21) can be calculated using the following equation. Output OVP Trip Voltage [V] = 1.2 X (R11 + R10) / R10 When the OVP pin voltage exceeds 1.23V, the boost converter turns off and the FLT pin is pulled low. When the OVP pin voltage falls below the OVP threshold (falling), the boost converter restarts and the FLT pin is released. There is 10mV hysteresis between OVP pin threshold (falling) and OVP pin threshold (rising). This results in an output voltage hysteresis given by: Output OVP Hysteresis[mV] = 10 X (R11 + R10) / R10 LED Current Sink The SC5010H provides 8 current sinks and each can sink up to 50mA current. It incorporates LED string shortcircuit protection (trip level programmable and can be disabled as well), LED string open-circuit protection. LED String Peak Current Programming LED string peak current (at 100% dimming) can be set by selecting resistor RISET, connected between ISET and GND. The relationship between RISET resistance and single LED string peak current is calculated using the following equation: ILED [mA] = (1055 X 1.23) / RISET [kΩ] The LED string current can be programmed up to 50mA. Unused Strings The SC5010H may be operated with less than 8 strings. In this mode of operation, all unused IO pins should be connected to ground. During startup, these unused strings are detected and disabled while other active strings work normally. LED Short-Circuit Protection (SCP) SC5010H features a programmable LED short protection. This allows the part to be customized based on the LED VF mismatches between the LED strings. If one or more LEDs are detected as short-circuited, the corresponding string will be latched off. The voltages on all IO pins are monitored to check if any IO pin exceeds the SCP trip point (The IO voltage for LED string with faulty short-circuit LED(s) will be higher than other normal IO pin voltages). This LED ShortCircuit Protection (SCP) trip level (see detailed application circuit on page 21) is given by the following equation. VSCP_Trip [V] = 20 X (1.23 X R4) / (R4 + R5) 16 SC5010H Applications Information (continued) If any IO pin voltage exceeds the trip voltage, the IO current sink will be latched off and the FLT will go low. This latch can be reset by cycling UVLO, VCC or EN. Other LED strings are unaffected and continue in normal operation. This protection will be disabled if SCP is tied to VCC. LED Analog Dimming Control In many applications, LED strings are connected to the IO pins through a mechanical connector which cannot support an electrical connection at specific times. This connection might cause noise on the IO pins. If this noise is large enough, it may trigger false SCP mode. In this condition, a ceramic decoupling capacitors (100pF ~ 8.2nF) between IO pin to GND can help prevent the SC5010H from entering the protection mode by false trigger. This feature can be disabled by connecting SCP pin to VCC pin. SC5010H has a unique DAC architecture which allows it to have excellent LED current accuracy and string-to-string matching over the entire DAC range. LED Open-Circuit Protection If any LED string becomes open, the respective IO pin voltage will be pulled to GND. Consequently, the internal COMP node (output of error amplifier) is driven high, which causes the boost output voltage to increase. The output voltage will be eventually clamped to a voltage set by the OVP resistor divider. Under this condition, the faulty string is latched off and the FLT pin is pulled low. The boost voltage gets regulated to the voltage required to set all non-faulty IO pins above 0.9V (typ). The remaining strings remain in normal operation. The FLT and the fault-out LED current sink latch-off can be reset by cycling UVLO, VCC or EN. LED PWM Dimming Control The LED current in SC5010H can be dimmed via the 5-bit analog dimming register (Register 0x02). The LED current can be adjusted in 32 steps from 0mA to the maximum value, determined by the RISET resistor. Analog dimming method can be used in conjunction with PWM dimming to increase the dimming resolution. The fast loop response of SC5010H allows the LED current to transition to a new value within 100µs or so. Please refer to the graphs in the typical characteristics section. The SC5010H supports 3 modes of PWM dimming for controlling the brightness of the LEDs. It provides flexibility in setting the duty cycle and frequency of the LED PWM signal. The PWM dimming mode is set through the device control register (register address: 0x01) DCR [1:0] bits. Refer to Table 1 for more details. Mode 1 — PWMI Direct Control The PWMI input needs to be held high for normal operation. PWM dimming can be done by cycling the PWMI input at a given frequency where a “low” on the PWMI input turns off all IO current sinks and a “high” turns on all IO current sinks. The PWMI pin can be toggled by external circuitry to allow PWM dimming. In a typical application, Table 1 — LED PWM Dimming Control Methods PWM Dimming Mode Register Settings DCR[1:0] PWM Input Source PWM Frequency PWM Duty Cycle Phase Shift Option PWMI Direct Control 00 PWMI Pin Input Same as the PWMI input (Range 100 Hz to 30kHz) Same as the PWMI input NO 01 PWMI Pin Input Set via the FREQ Register (0x05) and FAST_FREQ bit 10kHz (max): FAST_FREQ=0 20kHz(max): FAST_FREQ=1 Same as the duty cycle of the PWMI input 10 bits @ 10kHz output 9 bits @ 20kHz output YES 11 I2C Control Set via the FREQ Register (0x05) and FAST_FREQ bit 10kHz (max): FAST_FREQ=0 20kHz(max): FAST_FREQ=1 Set via the Duty Cycle Control Register (0x03, 0x04) 10 bits @ 10kHz output 9 bits @ 20kHz output YES PWMI Indirect Control (Default Option) I2C Control LED PWM Output 17 SC5010H Applications Information (continued) a micro-controller sets a register or counter that varies the pulse width on a GPIO pin. The SC5010H allows dimming over a wide frequency range (100Hz-30kHz) in order to allow compatibility with a wide range of devices. This includes the newest dimming strategies that avoid the audio band by using high frequency PWM dimming. In this manner, a wide range of illumination can be generated while keeping the instantaneous LED current at its peak value for high efficiency and color temperature. The SC5010H provides 1000:1 dimming range at 1kHz PWM frequency. The LED current sinks turn on /off very rapidly (<25ns, typical). This allows wide dimming ratio. An additional advantage of PWM dimming comes to customers who prefer to avoid in-rush currents when filling the boost output capacitor. Apply the PWMI signal to the device at 10% duty for a millisecond or two, and in-rush current is reduced. This dimming time will vary based on the number of LEDs and the size of the output capacitor. This can be easily determined during testing and programmed into the micro-controller firmware. Mode 2 — Indirect Control This is the default mode for LED PWM dimming in SC5010H. In this mode, the input signal applied on PWMI pin is passed through a duty cycle extractor block. The extractor mea- PW MI Input D uty C ycle E xtractor E xtracted duty cycle from P W M I Input 10 10 sures the duty cycle of the PWMI input, and depending on the value of FAST_FREQ, the duty cycle is converted to a 9bit value (FAST_FREQ = 1) or a 10-bit value (FAST_FREQ = 0). This value is then passed to the PWM generator block as shown in the Figure 1 below. The LED PWM dimming frequency is set via the FREQ register (address 0x05) and the FAST_FREQ bit. With FAST_FREQ = 0, low dimming frequency option is selected and the PWM dimming frequency will be according to the following equation. PWM Dimming Frequency 10MHz 1024 u [FREQ[7 : 0] 1] 10kHz(max) With FAST_FREQ = 1, high dimming frequency option is selected and the PWM dimming frequency is shown by the following equation. PWM Dimming Frequency 10MHz 512 u [FREQ[7 : 0] 1] 20kHz(max) The default option is FAST_FREQ = 1. This gives 9-bit duty cycle resolution and up to 20kHz dimming frequency LE D F requency and P haseS hifter B lock 0 PW MI 10 PW M G enerator 1 1 P hase S hifting (45 º) EN 0 P W M [8:1] 8 8 P W M _ ps[8:1] 1 A ll bits identical w hen phase shifting disabled 8 S oftstart D [9 :0 ] B its IN T _D U T Y B it F R E Q B its F astF req B it P H _S H IF T B it IN T _P W M B it I 2 C In te rfa ce Figure 1— LED PWM Dimming Control 18 SC5010H Applications Information (continued) range. The PWMI input is usually generated by the system graphics processor. This mode allows the user to set the PWM output dimming frequency independent of the PWMI input. And the dimming duty cycle with FAST_FREQ = 1 can be calculated as: If the PWMI signal has jitter, then SC5010H provides an option to filter it out. Hysteresis is also provided by selecting the WND[1:0] bits in the DCR register (address 0x01). WND[1:0] bits set the window comparator such that if a change in the duty cycle is detected which is smaller than the set window, then it is ignored. In both cases mentioned above, duty cycle is fixed to be 0 when D[9:0] is set as 0x00. Mode 3 — I2C Control In this mode (refer to Figure 1 on page 18), both the output LED dimming duty cycle and the dimming frequency are set via the internal registers. PWMI pin should be connected to ground in this mode. In this mode, the LED dimming duty cycle is set via the duty cycle registers (address 0x03, 0x04); and the dimming frequency is set via the FREQ register (address 0x05) and the FAST_FREQ bit. Phase-Shifted PWM Dimming The SC5010H provides an option for the phase shifted LED PWM dimming. This option is available in both PWMI indirect control and I2C control. Phase-shift option is set by the PH_SHIFT bit in the Device Control Register (register address 0x01). This option delays the turn-on of the LED strings based on the number of the strings in operation (the number of the strings in operation is determined during the start-up). The delay time can be calculated by the following equation: With FAST_FREQ = 0, the LED duty cycle can achieve 10-bit resolution, D[9:0], which is combined by two portions: (1) MSB portion - register address 0x03 [1:0] and (2) LSB portion - register address 0x04 [7:0] as shown below. LED Dimming Duty Cycle = {D[9:1]decimal + 1}/29 As for the PWM dimming frequency, it is controlled the same way as used in “Indirect Control” introduced in the previous page. 1 fPWM TIphase , N N number of strings in operation fPWM LED PWM dimming frequency Phase-shift mode is disabled during soft-start, this allows the output to ramp up to the correct voltage in a controlled fashion. And the dimming duty cycle with FAST_FREQ = 0 can be calculated as: LED Dimming Duty Cycle = {D[9:0]decimal + 1}/210 With FAST_FREQ = 1, the LED duty cycle can achieve 9-bit resolution, D[9:1], which is combined by two portions: (1) MSB portion - register address 0x03 [1:0] and (2) LSB portion - register address 0x04 [7:1] as shown below. Phase-shifting reduces the peak input current, decreases EMI and improves the dimming linearity. The figures in the Typical Characteristic Section shows the reduction in the input current with phase shift feature enabled compared to the non-phase shifted mode of operation. Backlight Fade-in and Fade-out Options The SC5010H features an option for fade-in and fade-out brightness control, which allows smooth transition from one brightness level to another. Registers associated with this fading functions are shown in this section. 1. Fade Option (register address 0x09) — sets fade 19 SC5010H Applications Information (continued) enable options, fade time, fade type. 2. Fade Rate (register address 0x0A) — sets fade step size option. fading time. The default setting is fading enabled with logarithmic mode. The fading time is determined by the LED PWM dimming frequency. Fade setting is shown in the table on page 21. Fade option register allows user to select fading, choose between linear or logarithmic fading, and to set up the Table 2 — Fault Protection Descriptions Action on Fault Type of Fault User Disable? Fault Criteria Input Under-voltage at VIN (UVLO) No Input Under-volage at VCC (UVLO) Recovery Device FLT pin (latching / non-latching Condition(s) FLT pin VIN < 1 + R2/R1) x 1.23 (rising) No Startup Not Active VUVLO > 1.23V (rising) High No VIN < (1 + R2/R1) × 1.23V - IUVLO × R1 (falling) Shutdown Not active VUVLO > 1.23V (rising) High No VCC < 4.2V (rising) No Startup Not active VCC > 4.2V (rising) High No VCC < 4.0V (falling) Shutdown Not active VCC > 4.2V (rising) High Over-voltage Protection (OVP) No VOVP > 1.23V (rising) Regulate to OVP threshold: IO(n) = “on” Low (non-latching) VOVP < 1.22V (falling) High on removal of fault condition Over-current Protection (OCP) No VCS > 0.4V Limit Q1 FET drain current < 0.4V/R3 (typ) High VCS > 0.4V High VIO(n) > 20 x VSCP Device on: IO(n) = “off” Other IO(All) = “on” Low (latching) Replace shorted LED(s) and Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High VIO(All) > 20 x VSCP Device latch-off; IO(All) = “off” Low (latching) Replace shorted LED(s) and Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High VIO(n) < 0.1V and OVP event Device on: IO(n) = “off” Other IO(All) = “on” Low (latching) Replace open LED(s) and Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High VIO(All) < 0.1V and OVP event Device latch-off; IO(All) = “off” Low (latching) Replace open LED(s) and Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High Low (latching) Satisfy THYS > 10ºC; Device on; IO(All) = “on”; Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High Shorted LED(s) Open LED(s) Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) Yes, tie SCP to VCC No No TJ > 150ºC (typ) Device off; IO(All) = “off” Note: Refer to the application circuit example on page 21. 20 SC5010H Applications Information (continued) An example for calculating the fading time is shown in this section. Assuming LED PWM dimming frequency is 10kHz, then 10 bits are assigned for 1024 duty cycle settings. TPWM = 100 µs (with 10kHz dimming frequency) Cycle in Zone #1 = (511 - Starting Duty Cycle) x [(Zone #1 Step Interval) / (Zone #1 Step Increment)] Duty Cycle Zone Duty Cycle Range Step Increment Step Interval Total Steps within the Range Cycle in Zone #2 = Total Stpes in Zone #2 x [(Zone #2 Step Interval) / (Zone #2 Step Increment)] 1 2 3 0 to 511 512 to 767 768 to 1024 1 1 2 2 1 1 512 256 256 Cycle in Zone #3 = (End Duty Cycle - 768) x [(Zone #3 Step Interval) / (Zone #3 Step Increment)] In this case, the total cycle will be: Time required to go from 10% (102/1024) to 90% (922/1024) duty cycle can be calculated using the following equation: C1 4.7µF X 2 R2 37 .4 K Ω C7 Vout R9 R11 309 K Ω 0.1Ω 10nF C6 4.7µF X 3 R10 10K Ω C2 10 WLEDs per channel 2 .2 µF C3 1µF 4 5 6 R6 100 kΩ 7 IO1 OVP CS PGND EN IO3 UVLO IO4 SCP S C 5010H IO5 BG IO6 FSET IO7 AGND IO8 R 7, 110 K Ω 8 C4 C5 100pF 2.7pF 9 10 11 12 PWM R 5, 10 K Ω 3 22 FLT 2 10 K Ω R4, 10kΩ 23 IO2 SDA R3 24 VCC SCL 1 DRVN U1 28 27 26 25 ISET R1 10 K Ω VIN AGND Q1 CPLL Vcc (5V) D1 DRVP PGND L1 4.7µH Q2 SYNC Vin (6.5-27V) Total cycle = 2 x (511-102) + 1 x 256 + 0.5 x (922 - 768) = 1151 Total Fading Time = Total Cycle x TPWM = 1151 x 100 µs = 115.1ms 13 14 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 THP PAD R8 25.5kΩ R15 20 K Ω SYNC SCL SDA FLT PWMI Figure 2 — Detailed Application Circuit 21 SC5010H Applications Information (continued) the HSYNC input. The turn-on of rest of the strings will be delayed based on the phase shifting algorithm. Another figure shows the delay (~500ns) between HSYNC rising edge and turn-on of the LED string 1 (IO1). Optional Synchronization to SYNC Input The SC5010H provides an option to synchronize the LED dimming to an external clock source connected to the SYNC pin. In certain applications, it may be beneficial to synchronize the LED drive signal to the LCD screen refresh signals such as VSYNC or HSYNC. This helps reduce or eliminate some of the problems associated with using LED backlights, such as flickering, shimmering, etc. Input Disconnect The SC5010H incorporates a high voltage (up to 27V) pMOSFET gate driver which can be used for controlling an external p-channel MOSFET. The external p-channel MOSFET provides load disconnection during shutdown or fault mode. It also provides input inrush current limiting during start-up. During shutdown, the DRVP pin is pulled up to VIN voltage via an internal 1MΩ resistor. At startup, the boost converter is held off and the DRVP pin is pulled low via an internal 20µA (typ) current source. When the DRVP pin is pulled lower than the threshold voltage of the The phase lock loop available on the SC5010H can be programmed via I2C to synchronize the internal 10MHz oscillator to the SYNC input. Figures on page 11 show synchronization of SC5010H to a 48kHz HSYNC signal applied on SYNC pin. The turn-on of the LED string IO1 (falling edge of VIO1) is synchronized to the rising edge of Vin (4.5-27V) Q2 C1 D1 C8 L1 C7 PGND Vout L2 R11 R2 Q1 R10 0.1Ω 6 1µF R6 7 IO1 OVP CS IO4 SCP S C 5010H IO5 BG IO6 FSET IO7 AGND IO8 R7 C4 PGND UVLO 8 9 10 11 12 PWM 5 C3 IO3 FLT 4 R5 22 EN SDA 3 R4 23 IO2 SCL 2 24 VCC SYNC 1 R3 DRVN U1 28 27 26 25 ISET R1 DRVP 2 .2 µF VIN AGND R9 C2 CPLL Vcc (5V) 13 C6 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 THP 14 PAD C5 R8 R15 SYNC SCL SDA FLT PWMI Figure 3 — SEPIC Configuration 22 SC5010H Applications Information (continued) Other Possible Configurations external p-channel MOSFET, the input current starts charging up the output capacitor to the input voltage. After that, the boost converter enters into soft start mode. Depending on different application requirement, the SC5010H can also be easily configured to other topology such as SEPIC (Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter) configuration as shown in Figure 3. Fault Protection High Output Voltage Configuration SC5010H provides fault detection for low supply voltage, LED related faults, missing VSYNC input, boost converter over-voltage and thermal shutdown. The open drain output pin (FLT) indicates a system fault. The nature of the fault can be read from the fault status resistor (register address: 0x00) via I2C interface. Refer to Table 2 for a description of the Fault Protection Modes. Vout R9 R11 0.1Ω 10nF C6 R10 C2 2 .2 µF R5 C3 1µF 3 4 5 6 R6 100 kΩ 7 IO1 OVP CS PGND DRVN EN UVLO SCP IO2 21 IO3 20 IO4 19 IO5 S C 5010H BG FSET 8 9 10 11 12 13 18 IO6 17 IO7 16 IO8 AGND R7 C4 22 PWM R4 23 FLT 2 SDA 10 K Ω 24 VCC SCL 1 R3 DRVP U1 28 27 26 25 ISET R1 10 K Ω VIN AGND Q1 C7 4 .7 µF R2 30 K Ω Vcc (5V) D1 SYNC PGND C1 In this case, the upper limit on the output voltage is mainly determined by the rating of the external MOSFET, heat dissipation, etc. L1 Q2 CPLL Vin (4.5-27V) If high output voltage application is required, an additional external cascode MOSFET can be added on each IO pin to meet such requirement, please refer to figure 4 for reference. 15 THP 14 PAD C5 Vcc (5V) R8 R15 20 K Ω SYNC SCL SDA FLT PWMI Figure 4 — Cascode Configuration (for high output voltage application) 23 SC5010H PCB Layout Considerations better thermal performance. The pad at the bottom of the SC5010H should be connected to AGND. AGND should be connected to PGND at single point for better noise immunity. The placements of the power components outside the SC5010H should follow the layout guidelines of a general boost converter. The Detailed Application Circuit is used as an example. 1. Capacitor (C2) should be placed as close as possible to the VCC and AGND to achieve the best performance. 2. Capacitor (C1) is the input power filtering capacitor for the boost, it needs to be tied to PGND. 3. The converter power train inductor (L1) is the boost converter input inductor. Use wide and short traces connecting these components. 4. The output rectifying diode (D1) uses a Schottky diode for fast reverse recovery. Transistor (Q1) is the external switch. Resistor (R9) is the switch current sensing resistor. To minimize switching noise for the boost converter, the output capacitor (C6) should be placed such that the loop formed by Q1, D1, C6 and R9, is minimized. The output of the boost converter is used to power up the LEDs. Use wide and short trace connecting Pin DRVN and the gate of Q1. The GNDs for R9 and C6 should be PGND. These components should be close to the SC5010H. 5. Resistor (R8) is the output current adjusting resistor for IO1 through IO8 and should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 6. Resistor (R6) is the switching frequency adjusting resistor and should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 7. The decoupling capacitor (C3) for Pin BG should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 8. Resistors (R4, R5) form a divider to set the SCP level, R4 should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 9. Resistors (R2, R1) form a divider to set the UVLO level for VIN. R1 should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 10. R11 and R10 form a divider to set the OVP level for VOUT, R10 should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 11. All the traces for components with AGND connection should avoid being routed close to the noisy areas. 12. An exposed pad is located at the bottom of the SC5010H for heat dissipation. A copper area underneath the pad is used for better heat dissipation. On the bottom layer of the PCB another copper area, connected through vias to the top layer, is used for Components Selection Inductor Selection The choice of the inductor affects the converter’s steady state operation, transient response, and its loop stability. Special attention needs to be paid to three specifications of the inductor, its value, its DC resistance and saturation current. The inductor’s inductance value also determines the inductor ripple current. The boost converter will operate in either CCM (Continuous Conduction Mode) or DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) depending on its operating conditions. The inductor DC current or input current can be calculated using the following equation. ,,1 9287 u ,287 9,1 u Ș IIN — Input current; IOUT — Output current; VOUT — Boost output voltage; VIN — Input voltage; η — Efficiency of the boost converter. Then the duty ratio under CCM is shown by the following equation. D VOUT VIN VD VOUT VD VD – Forward conduction drop of output rectifying diode When the boost converter runs under DCM ( L < Lboundary), it takes the advantages of small inductance and quick transient response; where as if the boost converter works under CCM (L > Lboundary), normally the converter has higher efficiency. When selecting an inductor, another factor to consider is the peak-to-peak inductor current ripple, which is given by the following equation. 24 SC5010H Components Selection (continued) ǻ,/ 9,1 u ' I6: u / Usually this peak-to-peak inductor current ripple can be chosen between 30% to 50% of the maximum input DC current. This gives the best compromise between the inductor size and converter efficiency. The peak inductor current can be calculated using the following equation. L-peak IN IN SW For most applications, an inductor with value of 2.2µH to 22µH should be acceptable, (refer to the Typical Application Circuit on page 21). The inductor peak current must be less than its saturation rating. When the inductor current is close to the saturation level, its inductance can decrease 20% to 35% from the 0A value depending on the vendor specifications. Using a small value inductor forces the converter in DCM, in which case the inductor current ramps down to zero before the end of each switching cycle. It reduces the boost converter’s maximum output current and produces larger input voltage ripple. The DCR of the inductor plays a significant role for the total system efficiency and usually there is a trade-off between the DCR and size of the inductor. Table 3 lists some recommended inductors and their vendors. Table 3 — Recommended Inductors Inductor XFL4020, 2.2µH ~ 4.7µH Web site www.coilcraft.com Output Capacitor Selection The next design task is targeting the proper amount of output ripple voltage due to the constant-current LED loads. Usually X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor is recommended. The ceramic capacitor minimum capacitance needed for a given ripple can be estimated using the following equation. VRIPPLE – Peak to peak output ripple. The ripple voltage should be less than 200mV (pk-pk) to ensure good LED current sink regulation. For example, a typical application where 40mA/channel current is needed, the total output current for 8 channels will be 320mA, and typically a configuration of 3x 4.7µF output capacitors is recommended. During load transient, the output capacitor supplies or absorbs additional current before the inductor current reaches its steady state value. Larger capacitance helps with the overshoot/undershoots during load transient and loop stability. Input Capacitor Selection X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor is recommended for input bypass capacitor. A 1µF capacitor is sufficient for the VCC input. Bypass the VIN input with a 4.7µF or larger ceramic capacitor. Output Freewheeling Diode Selection Schottky diodes are the ideal choice for SC5010H due to their low forward voltage drop and fast switching speed. Table 4 shows several different Schottky diodes that work properly with the SC5010H. Verify that the diode has a voltage rating greater than the maximum possible output voltage. The diode conducts current only when the power switch is turned off. The diode must be rated to handle the average output current. A diode rated for 1A average current will be sufficient for most designs. Table 4 — Recommended Rectifier Diodes Rectifier Diode DFLS140 Vendor Web site www.diodes.com External Power MOSFET Selection The boost converter in SC5010H uses an external power MOSFET to regulate the output voltage and output power to drive LED loads. This boost switching structure has an advantage in that the SC5010H is not directly exposed to high voltage, only the external power MOSFET, freewheeling diode and the inductor will be exposed to the output voltage. The external power MOSFET should be selected with its voltage rating higher than the output voltage by minimum 30%. The current rating should be enough to handle the inductor peak current. Low RDS(ON) MOSFETs are preferred for achieving better efficiency. 25 SC5010H Components Selection (continued) The GD (gate driver) on SC5010H provides 1A (peak) current driving capability which is suitable for most MOSFETs for high frequency operation. The average current required to drive the MOSFET is given by the following equation. IGATE = QG x fSW QG — Gate charge The RDS(ON) and its RMS current IS_RMS of the power MOSFET will generate the conduction loss using the following equation. PSW = ½ x VIN x IL_PEAK x fSW x (TON + TOFF) Where TON and TOFF are the MOSFET’s on and off time and they can be estimated by the following equations. 4 5 G J ᤢ J ᤢᤡ X D H W D O 9S 5 G J 4 ᤢ J ᤡ X D H W D O 9S WI ) ) 2 7 WU 1 72 ᤡ Where tr , tf , Qgd and Vplateau can usually be found from datasheet of the selected MOSFET. Rg is the resistance of the optional resistor connected in series on the gate of the MOSFET. Current Sensing Resistor Selection The switch current is sensed via the current sensing resistor, RSNS. The sensed voltage at this pin is used to set the peak switch current limit and also used for steady state regulation of the inductor current. The current limit comparator has a trip voltage of 0.4V. RSNS value is chosen to set the peak inductor and switch current using the following equation. PR_SNS = IRMS2 x RSNS IRMS = D x [IO/(1-D)]2 IO = Output DC Current, D = Duty Cycle For the typical application circuit shown in the Detailed Application Circuit (page 21), the power dissipation on the sensing resistor is shown by the following equations. Assuming VIN(Min) = 6.5V and VOUT = 30V, thus D = 78.3%, PCOND = IS_RMS2 x RDS(on) The MOSFET’s switch loss can be calculated using the following equation. The power dissipation in RSNS can be calculated using the following equations. IO = 50mA/string x 6 string = 300 (mA) = 0.3 (A) IRMS = D x [IO/(1-D)]2 = 78.3% x [0.3A/(1-78.3%)]2 PR_SNS = 1.52 x 0.1 = 0.22 (W) = 1.5 (A) For this example, a 0.1 Ω 1% thick-film chip resistor rated at 0.25W or higher power can be used. PLL Filter Component Selection The Detailed Application Circuit on page 21 shows the optimal R/C filter components for the PLL compensation. These are optimized for internal 1MHz switching frequency. Please contact Semtech application group if a different switching frequency is selected. Isolation MOSFET Selection The external p-channel MOSFET provides load disconnection during shutdown or fault condition. Select a MOSFET with low RDS(on) to limit the power loss. In order to implement inrush current limiting, a 10nF capacitor is connected between the gate and source terminal of the MOSFET. If isolation is not required, then the DRVP pin can be left floating. Connect the VIN directly to the system input supply or, to the VCC (5V) supply. Do not leave the VIN pin floating. ISW(Peak) = 0.4/RSNS 26 SC5010H Serial Interface The I2C General Specification The SC5010H is a read-write slave-mode I2C device and complies with the Philips I2C standard Version 2.1, dated January 2000. The SC5010H has 11 user-accessible internal 8-bit registers. The I2C interface has been designed for program flexibility, supporting direct format for write operation. Read operations are supported on both combined format and stop separated format. While there is no auto increment/decrement capability in the SC5010H I2C logic, a tight software loop can be designed to randomly access the next register independent of which register you begin accessing. The start and stop commands frame the data-packet and the repeat start condition is allowed if necessary. Limitations to the I2C Specifications The SC5010H only recognizes seven bit addressing. This means that ten bit addressing and CBUS communication are not compatible. The device can operate in either standard mode (100kbit/s) or fast mode (400kbit/s). Slave Address Assignment The seven bit slave address is 0101 111x. The eighth bit is the data direction bit. 0x5F is used for a write operation, and 0x5E is used for a read operation. master responds with an 8 bit data byte consisting of the register address. The slave acknowledges and the master sends the repeated start condition [Sr]. Once again, the slave address is sent, followed by an eighth bit indicating a read. The slave responds with an acknowledge and the 8 bit data from the previously addressed register; the master then sends a non-acknowledge (NACK). Finally, the master terminates the transfer with the stop condition [P]. (3) Stop Separated Reads Stop-separated reads can also be used. This format allows a master to set up the register address pointer for a read and return to that slave at a later time to read the data. In this format the slave address followed by a write command are sent after a start [S] condition. The SC5010H then acknowledges it is being addressed, and the master responds with the 8-bit register address. The master sends a stop or restart condition and may then address another slave. After performing other tasks, the master can send a start or restart condition to the SC5010H with a read command. The device acknowledges this request and returns the data from the register location that had previously been set up. Supported Formats The supported formats are described in the following subsections. (1) Direct Format — Write The simplest format for an I2C write is direct format. After the start condition [S], the slave address is sent, followed by an eighth bit indicating a write. The SC5010H I2C then acknowledges that it is being addressed, and the master responds with an 8 bit data byte consisting of the register address. The slave acknowledges and the master sends the appropriate 8 bit data byte. Once again, the slave acknowledges and the master terminates the transfer with the stop condition [P]. (2) Combined Format — Read After the start condition [S], the slave address is sent, followed by an eighth bit indicating a write. The SC5010H I2C then acknowledges that it is being addressed, and the 27 SC5010H I2C Direct Format Write S S la ve A d d re ss W A R e g iste r A d d re ss A D a ta A P Slave Address – 7-bit R egister address – 8-bit D ata – 8-bit S – Start C ondition W – W rite = ‘0’ A – Acknow ledge (sent by slave ) P – Stop condition I2C Stop Separated Format Read M a ste r A d d re sse s o th e r S la ve s R e g iste r A d d re ss S e tu p A cce ss S S la ve A d d re ss W A R e g iste r A d d re ss A P S – Start C ondition W – W rite = ‘0’ R – R ead = ‘1’ A – Acknow ledge (sent by slave ) N AK – N on-Acknow ledge (sent by m aster) Sr – R epeated Start condition P – Stop condition S S la ve A d d re ss B R e g iste r R e a d A cce ss S/Sr S la ve A d d re ss R A D a ta N AC K P Slave Address – 7-bit R egister address – 8-bit D ata – 8-bit I2C Combined Format Read S S la ve A d d re ss W A R e g iste r A d d re ss S – Start C ondition W – W rite = ‘0’ R – R ead = ‘1’ A – Acknow ledge (sent by slave ) N AK – N on-Acknow ledge (sent by m aster) Sr – R epeated Start condition P – Stop condition A Sr S la ve A d d re ss R A D a ta N AC K P Slave Address – 7-bit R egister address – 8-bit D ata – 8-bit 28 SC5010H Register Map Address Name Reset Value Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0x00 Fault Status 0x00 CLF - LED_ SHORT LED_ OPEN SYNC_GD OTP OVP FAULT 0x01 Device Control 0xB5 WND1 WND0 FAST_ FREQ FLT_EN SYNC_EN PHASE_ SHIFT INT_ DUTY INT_PWM 0x02 Analog Dimming Control 0x1F - - - IDAC4 IDAC3 IDAC2 IDAC1 IDAC0 0x03 Dimming Duty Cycle Control 1 0x00 - - - - - - D9 D8 0x04 Dimming Duty Cycle Control 2 0x00 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0x05 Dimming Frequency Select 0x00 FREQ7 FREQ6 FREQ5 FREQ4 FREQ3 FREQ2 FREQ1 FREQ0 0x06 PLL Divider MSB 0x00 - - - - - - NPLL17 NPLL16 0x07 PLL Divider LSB2 0x00 NPLL15 NPLL14 NPLL13 NPLL12 NPLL11 NPLL10 NPLL9 NPLL8 0x08 PLL Divider LSB1 0x08 NPLL7 NPLL6 NPLL5 NPLL4 NPLL3 NPLL2 NPLL1 NPLL0 0x09 Fade Options 0x80 FADE_EN FADE_ TYPE - - - STEP_ MUL2 STEP_ MUL1 STEP_ MUL0 0x0A Fade Rate 0x00 - FADE_ RATE6 FADE_ RATE5 FADE_ RATE4 FADE_ RATE3 FADE_ RATE2 FADE_ RATE1 FADE_ RATE0 29 SC5010H Definition of Registers and Bits Fault Status Register This register monitors various fault conditions. Bit Field Definition Read / Write Description 0x00 [7] CLF W Clear latching flags bit. (Set = 1 to clear OTP, LED_OPEN, LED_SHORT and mask OVP for 32 to 64μs) 0x00 [5] LED_SHORT R LED string short circuit fault status 1 = One or more LED strings short-circuit detected 0 = no LED string short-circuit detected 0x00 [4] LED_OPEN R LED string open circuit fault status 1 = One or more LED strings open-circuit detected 0 = no LED string open-circuit detected 0x00 [3] SYNC_GD R SYNC good signal indication 1 = SYNC input is detected 0 = no SYNC signal detected 0x00 [2] OTP R Thermal shutdown status 1 = OTP (Over-Temperature Protection) fault detected 0 = no OTP (Over-Temperature Protection) fault detected 0x00 [1] OVP R Output Over-Voltage (OVP) fault 1 = Output OVP fault detected 0 = no output OVP fault detected 0x00 [0] FAULT R OR of all fault conditions 1 = any one, or some, or all of the fault conditions detected 0 = no fault detected 30 SC5010H Definition of Registers and Bits (continued) Device Control Register This register provides different control features of the device. Bit Field 0x01 [7:6] Definition WIN[1:0] Read / Write Description R/W A modified duty cycle sent into the PWMI pin replaces the existing saved duty cycle when its deviation from the saved duty is outside the window for two consecutive samples. 00 = 0 bits (no window) 01 = ±1 bit window 10 = ±2 bit window 11 = ±3 bit window 0x01 [5] FAST_FREQ R/W Determines the LED PWM dimming frequency selection: 0 = Low PWM dimming frequency mode assuming 10-bit PWM duty cycle dimming, dividing the system clock 10MHz / (1024 x (FREQ+1)). 1 = High PWM dimming frequency mode assuming 9-bit PWM duty cycle dimming, dividing the system clock 10MHz / (512 x (FREQ+1)). 0x01 [4] FLT_EN R/W This bit enables fault checking: 0 = LED_OPEN and LED_SHORT faults are not checked. 1 = LED_OPEN and LED_SHORT faults are checked. 0x01 [3] SYNC_EN R/W Enables video signal synchronization with the PLL: 0 = SYNC is disabled. 1 = PLL tracks the SYNC input signal. 0x01 [2] PH_SHIFT R/W Enables String-by-String phase shifting. This is a don’t care if INT_PWM=0. 0 = Phase shifting disabled. 1 = Phase shifting is enabled 0x01 [1] INT_DUTY R/W Determines the duty cycle source. This is a don’t care if INT_PWM = 0. 0 = LED duty cycle is set by the PWMI input 1 = LED duty cycle is set by the 10-bit duty cycle control registers R/W Sets the LED PWM dimming source. 0 = LED PWM dimming driven directly from the PWMI input source (direct PWM dimming) 1 = LED PWM dimming driven from an internal oscillator (required for phase-shifted PWM dimming); enables the PLL. 0x01 [0] INT_PWM 31 SC5010H Definition of Registers and Bits (continued) Analog Dimming Control Register This register is used to program the LED string current through the on-chip 5-bit DAC. Bit Field 0x02 [4:0] Definition IDAC [4:0] Read / Write Description R/W 5-bit analog dimming register — The LED string current can be evenly adjusted in 32 steps from 0mA to the maximum value determined by RISET. For example, if the maximum LED string current set by RISET is 20mA/string, when IDAC[4:0] is set to be 0b00101, the LED string current will be 20mA x 5/(25-1) = 3.2mA/string. Dimming Duty Cycle Control Register These two registers (0x03 and 0x04) combine together as a 10-bit or 9-bit register for controlling the PWM dimming duty cycle, depending on the value of FAST_FREQ (FAST_FREQ=1, 9-bit; FAST_FREQ=0, 10-bit). Bit Field Definition 0x03 [1:0] 0x04 [7:0] D [9:0] Read / Write Description R/W PWM brightness setting — This value is spread over registers: 0x03 (MSB portion) and 0x04 (LSB portion). The LED PWM dimming duty cycle can be evenly adjusted by the 10-bit register from 0 to 100% with D[9:0] value changes from 0 to 0x3FF. Dimming Frequency Select Register This register is used to program the LED PWM dimming frequency. Bit Field Definition 0x05 [7:0] FREQ [7:0] Read / Write Description R/W This register sets the LED dimming frequency. FAST_FREQ = 1, then LED dimming frequency is equal to 10MHz / (512 x (FREQ+1)) FAST_FREQ = 0, then LED dimming frequency is equal to 10MHz / (1024 x (FREQ+1)) PLL Control Registers This register is used to set the PLL divider value. Bit Field Definition 0x06 [1:0] 0x07 [7:0] 0x08 [7:0] NPLL [17:0] Read / Write Description R/W These registers set the PLL divider value — The system clock is intended to run at 10MHz; this value divides the system clock down to a frequency comparable to the SYNC signal’s frequency to allow PLL synchronization. Typical values are shown below. FIN PLL Divider N Register Values FPLL = (N+2) × FIN 60 Hz 169,982 0x02 - 0x97 - 0xFE 10MHz 1 MHz 8 0x00 - 0x00 - 0x08 10MHz 32 SC5010H Definition of Registers and Bits (continued) Fade Options Registers This register is used to select the fade in and fade out related features. Bit Field Definition Read / Write Description 0x09 [7] FADE_EN R/W Enables the fading feature. FADE_EN = 0: No Fading; Jumps directly to new PWM value. FADE_EN = 1: Enables fading. 0x09 [6] FADE_TYPE R/W Selects the fading type. FADE_TYPE = 0: Logarithmic Fading FADE_TYPE = 1: Linear Fading R/W Used to speed up fade time, when selected LED PWM dimming frequency is low. Define a 2N multiplier of the fade amount. STEP_MUL[2:0] = 000, N=0, multiplier = 1 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 001, N=1, multiplier = 21 = 2 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 010, N=2, multiplier = 22 = 4 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 011, N=3, multiplier = 23 = 8 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 100, N=4, multiplier = 24 = 16 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 101~111, N=5, multiplier = 25 = 32 0x09 [2:0] STEP_MUL [2:0] Fade Rate Register This register is used to program the rate of the duty cycle change during the fade in and fade out operation. Bit Field Definition 0x0A [6:0] FADE_RATE [6:0] Read / Write Description R/W Defines how often the duty is changed during a fade. Fade rate = PWM Output Rate / (1 + FADE_RATE[6:0]) 33 SC5010H Outline Drawing — MLPQ-UT-28 4x4 34 SC5010H Land Pattern — MLPQ-UT-28 4x4 35 SC5010H © Semtech 2011 All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent or other industrial or intellectual property rights. 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