SC5014 High Efficiency 4-Channel HB LED Driver with I2C Interface and Phase-Shifted PWM Dimming POWER MANAGEMENT Features Description Input Voltage — 4.5V to 27V Output Voltage — Up to 50V Step-up (Boost) Controller Ultra-Fast Transient Response (<100μs) Programmable Switching Frequency Linear Current Sinks 4 Strings, up to 120mA/String Current Matching ±1% Current Accuracy ±2% PWM Dimming String-by-String Phase Shifting Input Dimming Frequency 100Hz-30kHz User Selectable 9 or 10-Bits Dimming Resolution 5-Bits Analog Dimming I2C Interface Fault Status — Open/Short LED, UVLO, OTP Device Control: PLL Setting Protection Features Open/Shorted LED(s) and adjustable OVP Over-Temperature and UVLO Shutdown Protection 4mm X 4mm 20-pin QFN Package Applications UltrabooksTM, All-in-One PCs, Monitors, AutomotiveDisplay Backlighting Backlighting for Mid-Size Displays The SC5014 is a 4-channel, highly integrated, high-efficiency step-up (boost) HB LED driver designed to reduce the thickness of mid-size LCD displays. It features a wide input voltage range (4.5V to 27V), phase-shifted PWM dimming, analog dimming, a flexible output configuration, an I2C interface, and numerous protection features. The SC5014 exhibits 2% to 4% higher efficiency when using the same size inductors as existing LED drivers. But, unlike existing devices, it can also operate with inductors that are up to 10x smaller without sacrificing efficiency. This part can also use very low-profile inductors (as small as 2.2µH, 1mm height), which allows LED drivers to be built directly into the LCD panel to enable ultra-thin displays. The boost controller, with programmable switching frequency from 200kHz to 2.2MHz, maximizes efficiency by dynamically minimizing the output voltage while maintaining LED string current accuracy. It provides excellent line and load response with no external compensation components. An external resistor adjusts the current from 20-120mA per string. It also features PWM dimming resolution of 9 or 10-bits (user selectable) over a dimming frequency from 100Hz to 20kHz, synchronized to the boost oscillator. String-by-string phase shifting reduces the demand on the input/output capacitance, decreases EMI, and improves dimming linearity. Typical Application Circuit VIN=4.5to27V L1 NDRV R1 R2 VCC=4.5to5.5V R3 EN PWMI C3 R6 R11 C4 C5 R8 OVP R9 SC5014 IO1 Upto 120mA/String IO2 REF IO3 SCP IO4 R5 R10 Revision 2.0 FLT SDA SCL PWMI Q1 R4 UVLO EN ForI2C VOUTupto50V CS VCC FLT D1 R7 FSET ISET CPLL E-PAD PGND SC5014 NDRV PGND CS 20 19 18 17 16 UVLO 1 15 OVP SCP 2 14 IO1 REF 3 13 IO2 FSET 4 12 IO3 CPLL 5 11 IO4 Package SC5014MLTRT(1)(2) MLPQ-20 4×4 SC5014EVB Evaluation Board Notes: (1) Available in tape and reel only. A reel contains 3,000 devices. (2) Lead-free packaging only. Device is WEEE and RoHS compliant, and halogen free. PWMI FLT SDA 10 ISET 9 8 7 6 SCL AGND Device VCC Ordering Information EN Pin Configuration Marking Information 5014 yyww xxxxx xxxxx nnnn = Part Number yyww = Date code xxxxx = Semtech Lot No. xxxxx = Semtech Lot No. SC5014 Absolute Maximum Ratings (refer to PGND) Recommended Operating Conditions VCC Pin (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to +6.0 Ambient Temperature Range (°C). . . . . . . . . -40 < TA < +85 VIN, IO1 to IO4 (V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to +30 VIN (V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 to 27 DRVN, OVP, CS, EN, UVLO, SCP, REF, FLT (V) . . -0.3 to +6.0 IO1 to IO4 Current per String (mA) . . . . . . . . . . . 125 (max) FSET, CPLL, SCL, SDA, ISET, PWMI (V) . . . . . . . -0.3 to +6.0 Thermal Information PGND to AGND (V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to +0.3 ESD Protection Level(1) (kV) ������������������������������������������������������� 2 Thermal Resistance, Junction to Ambient(2) (°C/W) . . . . 32 Maximum Junction Temperature (°C). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150 Storage Temperature Range (°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . -65 to +150 Peak IR Reflow Temperature (10s to 30s) (°C) . . . . . . . +260 Exceeding the above specifications may result in permanent damage to the device or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not recommended. NOTES: (1) Tested according to JEDEC standard JESD22-A114-B. (2) Calculated from package in still air, mounted to 3 x 4.5in, 4-layer FR4 PCB with thermal vias under the exposed pad per JESD51 standards. Electrical Characteristics Unless noted otherwise, TA = 25°C for typical, -40°C < TA = TJ < 85°C for min and max. VCC = 5V, RISET = 25.5KΩ, RFSET = 100KΩ. Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units 5.5 V 4.4 V Input Supply VCC Supply Voltage VCC 4.5 VCC Under-Voltage Lockout Threshold VCC-UVLO(TH) VCC Voltage Rising 4.2 VCC Under-Voltage Lockout Hysteresis VCC-UVLO(HYS) VCC Voltage Falling 180 mV VCC Quiescent Supply Current ICC(Q) EN = 5V, Switching, No Load 2 mA VCC Supply Current in Shutdown ICC(SD) EN = 0V VUVLO Under-Voltage Lockout Threshold VUVLO(TH) UVLO Pin Voltage Rising 1.18 IUVLO Under-Voltage Lockout Hysteresis IUVLO(HYS) UVLO Pin Voltage Falling VREF Bandgap Voltage VREF 1 µA 1.23 1.28 V 7 10 13 µA 1.20 1.23 1.26 V External FET Gate Drive DRVN High Level VDRVN(H) 100mA from DRVN to GND VCC -0.5 VCC -0.2 V DRVN Low Level VDRVN(L) -100mA from DRVN to VCC 0.2 0.5 V DRVN On-Resistance RDRVN DRVN High or Low 2 5 Ω DRVN Sink / Source Current IDRVN DRVN Forced to 2.5V 1 A Boost Converter CS Current Limit Threshold Soft-Start Time (1) VCS(ILIM) tSS 0.36 From EN to End of Soft-Start 0.40 4.4 0.44 V ms SC5014 Electrical Characteristics (continued) Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units Boost Oscillator Frequency FSW RFSET = 100kΩ 0.85 1 1.15 MHz Boost Oscillator Frequency FOSC RFSET Varies 0.2 2.2 MHz Maximum Duty Cycle DMAX 88 92 % Control Signals: EN, PWMI, SDA, SCL High Voltage Threshold VIH VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V Low Voltage Threshold VIL VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V 0.8 V VSDA(L) -6mA from VCC to SDA 0.3 V ILEAK VEN = 0V, VPWMI = VISET = VFSET = VSDA = VSCL = 5.0V -1 1 µA 100 30k Hz SDA Output Low Pin Leakage Current 2.1 V PWM Dimming Input PWMI Input Dimming Frequency FPWMI PWMI Input Resolution 100Hz < FPWMI < 10kHz 10 bits 10kHz < FPWMI < 20kHz 9 bits Over-Voltage Protection OVP Trip Threshold Voltage VOVP(TRIG) OVP Rising 1.1 1.2 1.3 V OVP Hysteresis VOVP(HYS) OVP Falling 10 OVP Leakage Current IOVP(LEAK) OVP = 5V 0.1 TPWM(MIN) FPWM(LED) = 100Hz - 30kHz 300 ns 1.23 V 0.9 V mV 1 µA Current Sink (IO1 to IO4) IOx Dimming Minimum Pulse Width ISET pin Voltage VISET Regulation Voltage VIOn(REG) Voltage of Regulating String Current Sink Disable Threshold VIOn(DIS) Checked at Power-up Current Sink Rise/Fall Time (1) tRISE/FALL Rising Edge from 10% to 90% of IO(n) LED Current Accuracy IOn(ACC%) PWMI = 100%, TA=+25 °C LED Current Matching (2) IOn(MATCH) IOn Off Leakage Current IOn(LEAK) IO Switching Frequency FPWM(IO) Phase Delay Time Between IO Pins (IO1 to IO4) PWM Output Resolution tPD 0.6 V 25 98 100 ns 102 mA PWMI = 100%, TA=+25 °C ±1.0 % PWMI = 100%, TA=-40 °C, +85 °C ±2.0 % 1 µA PWMI = 0V, EN = 0V, VIO1 = 25V 0.1 FAST_FREQ = 0 10 FAST_FREQ = 1 (Default Setting) 20 FAST_FREQ = 1 (Default Setting) tPD = (1/4)*(1/FPWM(IO)), 4 Strings On 12.5 FPWM(IO) = 10kHz 10 FPWM(IO) = 20kHz 9 kHz µs bits SC5014 Electrical Characteristics (continued) Parameter Symbol Conditions LED Short-Circuit Protection Threshold VIOn(SCP) R4 and R5 (3) LED Open-Circuit Protection Threshold VIO_OCP Min Typ Max Units 23xVSCP V Fault Protection LED Short-Circuit Fault Delay tSCP(DELAY) VOVP Set to 1.5V, FLT Goes Low FLT Pin Leakage Current IFLT(LEAK) VEN = 0V, VFLT = 5.0V FLT Output Low VFLT(LOW) -5mA from FLT to VCC 17xVSCP 20xVSCP 0.2 V 1 µs -1 1 µA 0.3 V Over-Temperature Protection Thermal Shutdown Temperature TOTP 150 °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis TOTP-H 10 °C I2C Control Interface: SDA, SCL Timing Specifications SCL Clock Frequency FSCL SCL Clock Low Period tLOW(SCL) 1.3 µs SCL Clock High Period tHIGH(SCL) 0.6 µs Hold Time Start Condition tHD(START) 0.6 µs SDA Setup Time tSU(SDA) 100 ns SDA Hold Time tHD(SDA) 0 Setup Time Stop Condition tSU(STOP) 0.6 µs tBF 1.3 µs Bus Free Time Between Stop & Start 400 0.9 kHz µs Notes: (1) Ensured by design and characterization, not production tested. (2) LED current matching for 4 channels is defined as the largest of the two numbers, i.e., (MAX-AVG)/AVG and (AVG-MIN)/AVG; where MAX is the maximum LED channel current, MIN is the minimum LED channel current and AVG is the average of the 4 LED channel currents. (3) Refer to the application circuit on page 23, Figure 2. BacklightEfficiencyvs.InputVoltage SC5014 BacklightEfficiencyvs.InputVoltage Typical Characteristics ˕˴˶˾˿˼˺˻̇ʳ˘˹˹˼˶˼˸́˶̌ʳ̉̆ˁʳ˜́̃̈̇ʳ˩̂˿̇˴˺˸ Backlight Efficiency vs. Input Voltage ˕˴˶˾˿˼˺˻̇ʳ˘˹˹˼˶˼˸́˶̌ʳ̉̆ˁʳ˜́̃̈̇ʳ˩̂˿̇˴˺˸ Backlight Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 10S4P ˄˃˃ 120mA/CH ˄˃˃ 7S4P 120mA/CH ˌˈ ˉ˃̀˔ ˌ˃ ˄˅˃̀˔ Efficiency(%) 60mA/CH ˘˹˹˼˶˼˸́ ˶̌ ʻʸ ʼ ˘Efficiency(%) ˹˹˼˶ ˼˸ ́ ˶ ̌ ʻʸ ʼ ˌˈ ˋˈ 10S4P ˊ ˌ˃ ˄ ˋˈ BacklightEfficiencyvs.LEDstringCurrent BacklightEfficiencyvs.LEDstringCurrent ˋ˃ ˋ˃ ˃ ˈ ˄˃ ˄ˈ ˅˃ VIN(V) ˅ˈ ˆ˃ ˃ ˩˜ˡʻ˩ʼ Backlight Efficiency vs. LED String Current 60mA/CH ˉ˃̀˔ ˄˅˃̀˔ ˊˈ Efficiency(%) ˘˹˹˼˶˼˸́˶̌ʻʸʼ Efficiency(%) ˘˹˹˼˶˼˸́˶̌ ʻʸ ʼ ˋ˃ ˊ˃ ˅ˈ ˆ˃ 120mA/CH 60mA/CH ˋˈ ˉ˃̀ ˋ˃ ˄˅˃ ˊˈ ˊ˃ ˉˈ ˃ PWMDimmingLinearitywithPhaseShift ˅˃ ˇ˃ ˉ˃ ˋ˃ LED PWM Dimming Duty Cycle (%) ˟˘˗ʳˣ˪ˠʳ˗˼̀̀˼́˺ʳ˗̈̇̌ʳ˖̌˶˿˸ʳʻʸʼ ˉˈ ˄˃˃ ˃ PWM Dimming Linearity with Phase Shift ˅˃ ˇ˃ ˉ˃ ˋ˃ PWMDimmingLinearitywithPhaseShift LED PWM Dimming Duty Cycle (%) ˟˘˗ʳˣ˪ˠʳ˗˼̀̀˼́˺ʳ˗̈̇̌ʳ˖̌˶˿˸ʳʻʸʼ ˄˃˃ PWM Dimming Linearity with Phase Shift ˣ˪ˠʳ˗˼̀̀˼́˺ʳ˟˼́˸˴̅˼̇̌ʳ̊˼̇˻ʳˣ˻˴̆˸ʳ˦˻˼˹̇˲ˉ˃̀˔˂˖˛ ˅ˈ˃ ˅˃ ˌ˃ 120mA/CH ˋˈ ˄ˈ VIN(V) ˩˼́ʻ˩ʼ VIN=12V ˕˴˶˾˿˼˺˻̇ʳ˘˹˹˼˶˼˸́˶̌ʳ̉̆ˁʳ˜́̃̈̇ʳ˩̂˿̇˴˺˸ʳʻ˄˅˩˼́ʼ ˌˈ ˌ˃ ˄˃ Backlight Efficiency vs. LED String Current ˕˴˶˾˿˼˺˻̇ʳ˘˹˹˼˶˼˸́˶̌ʳ̉̆ˁʳ˜́̃̈̇ʳ˩̂˿̇˴˺˸ʳʻˉ˩˼́ʼ VIN=6V ˌˈ ˈ 60mA/CH, 10S4P, 20KHz Dimming ˈ˃˃ ˅˃˃ ˣ˪ˠʳ˗˼̀̀˼́˺ʳ˟˼́˸˴̅˼̇̌ʳ̊˼̇˻ʳˣ˻˴̆˸ʳ˦˻˼˹̇˲˄˅˃̀˔˂˖˛ 120mA/CH, 10S4P, 20KHz Dimming ˇ˃˃ ˄˅˩˼́ ˅ˇ˩˼́ ˄˃˃ Iout (mA) ˜ˢʻ̀˔ʼ Iout ˜ˢʻ̀(mA) ˔ʼ ˉ˩˼́ ˄ˈ˃ ˉ˩˼́ ˆ˃˃ ˄˅˩˼́ ˅ˇ˩˼́ ˅˃˃ ˄˃˃ ˈ˃ ˃ ˃ ˃ ˅˃ ˇ˃ ˉ˃ ˋ˃ LED PWM Dimming ˗̈̇̌ʻʸʼ Duty Cycle (%) ˄˃˃ ˃ ˅˃ ˇ˃ ˉ˃ ˋ˃ ˗̈̇̌ʻʸʼ Duty Cycle (%) LED PWM Dimming ˄˃˃ LEDStringCurrentvs.RISET SC5014 LEDStringCurrentMatchingvs.Temperature Typical Characteristics (continued) LED String Current vs. RISET LED String Current Matching vs. Temperature ˦̊˼̇˶˻˼́˺ʳ˙̅˸̄̈˸́˶̌ʳ̉̆ˁʳ˥˜˦˘˧ VCC=5V, 120mA/CH ˄ˈ˃ LED String Current (mA) ˜̂̈̇ʻ̀˔ʼ LED String Current Matching ˟˘˗ʳ˦̇̅˼́ ˺ ʳ˖̈ ̅̅˸ ́ ̇ʳˠ˴ ̇˶ ˻ ˼́ ˺ ʻʸ ʼ(%) ˃ˁˋ ˃ˁˉ ˃ˁˇ ˃ˁ˅ ˄˅˃ ˌ˃ ˉ˃ ˆ˃ ˃ ˃ˁ˃ ˀˇ˃ ˀ˅˃ ˃ ˅˃ ˇ˃ Temperature ˧˸̀̃˸̅˴̇̈̅˸ʻкʼ (°C) ˉ˃ ˋ˃ ˃ ˄˃˃ ˦̊˼̇˶˻˼́˺ʳ˙̅˸̄̈˸́˶̌ʳ̉̆ˁʳ˥˙˦˘˧ Switching Frequency vs. RFSET ˅˃ ˇ˃ LED String Current Accuracy (mA) ˟˘˗ʳ˦̇̅˼́ ˺ ʳ˖̈ ̅̅˸ ́ ̇ʳ˔˶ ˶ ̈ ̅˴ ˶ ̌ ʳʻ˩ʼ ˄˅ˇ ˅˃˃˃ ˄ˉ˃˃ ˄˅˃˃ ˋ˃˃ ˇ˃˃ ˄ˈ˃ ˆ˃˃ RFSET(KΩ) AnalogDimming ˋ˃ RISET (KΩ) ˥˜˦˘˧ ʻ˞Өʼ VCC=5V, 120mA/CH ˄˃˃ ˄˅˃ ˄ˇ˃ ˇˈ˃ ˄˅˃ ˄˄ˋ ˄˄ˉ ˀˇ˃ ˉ˃˃ ˜ˢˆ ˄˅˅ ˄˄ˇ ˃ ˃ ˉ˃ LED String Current Accuracy vs Temperature ˅ˇ˃˃ ˙˦ʻ˞˛̍ ʼ Boost Switching Frequency (KHz) CurrentAccuracyvs.Temperature LEDStringCurrentvs.RISET ˀ˅˃ ˥˙˦˘˧ʻ˞Өʼ ˃ VINStartUP ˅˃ ˇ˃ ˉ˃ Temperature ˧˸̀̃˸̅˴̇̈̅˸ʳʻкʼ (°C) ˋ˃ ˄˃˃ VIN Start Up LED String Current vs. Analog Dimming Control Register (IDAC) Value Testing condition: VIN=12V,VCC=5V, LEDs=10S4P@120mA, RFSET=100KӨ Ө, 25к к 10S4P, 120mA/CH 125 LED String Current (mA) ILED(mA) Vin 100 VIN 10V/div. 75 IO1 50 25 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 IDAC Register Value DEC(in decimal format) 28 32 VSW 20V/div. SW Vout VOUT 20V/div. IOUT 300mA/div. Iout Time (20ms/div) SC5014 LEDCurrentFadeIn/Out(Logarithmic) Fadein/Fadeout(Linear) Typical Characteristics (continued) Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120/CH,PWM indirect Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120/CH,PWM indirect mode; PWM=10KHz, PWMI on / off, duty=0% to 100% mode; PWM=10KHz, PWMI on / off, duty=0% to 100% LED Current Fade In/Out (Logarithmic) PWMI 5V/div. LED Current Fade In/Out (Linear) PWMI V_IO4 VIO1 10V/div. PWMI 5V/div. PWMI V_IO4 VIO1 10V/div. Vout VOUT 20V/div. Vout VOUT 20V/div. LineTransientResponse IOUT 200mA/div. Time (100ms/div) Iout IOUT 200mA/div. Line Transient Response LEDsOpen-circuitProtection Iout Time (100ms/div) LED Open Circuit Protection Test condition: 8Vin to 20Vin, 10S4P@120mA per string, RFSET=100KӨ Ө, Vin RT=1us Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, CH4 open, RFSET=100KHz, ROVP2=357KӨ Ө 100% dimming, 120mA/CH X 4 Starting with one LED string open-circuit 20V EN PWMI VIN 10V/div. 8V VOUT 1V/div. Vout VIO1 1V/div. VEN 5V/div. FLT 5V/div. FLT V_IO4 Vout VOUT 20V/div. IL 3A/div. Iout IL IOUT 200mA/div. LoadTransientResponse Time (4us/div) Load Transient кResponse Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к , LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, LoadTransientResponse Time (20ms/div) Load Transient кResponse Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к , LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, PWMI(10KHz)=2% to 98%,PWMI=10K, VIN=12V, 120mA/CH X4 RFSET=100KHz, Duty=2% to 98% Fading disabled PWMI(10KHz)=98% to 2%,PWMI=10K, VIN=12V, 120mA/CH X4 RFSET=100KHz, Duty=98% to 2% Fading disabled PWMI PWMI 5V/div. PWMI 5V/div. PWMI Vout VOUT 200mV/div. Iout VOUT 200mV/div. IOUT 200mA/div. Vout IOUT 200mA/div. Iout Time (100us/div) Time (100ms/div) SC5014 LEDDimmingWithoutPhaseShift LEDDimmingWithPhaseShift Typical Characteristics (continued) Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, LED Dimming Phase Shift RFSET=100KHz,Without PWMI=200HZ, Duty=10% LED Dimming With Phase RFSET=100KHz, PWMI=200HZ, Duty=10% Shift 10% dimming@200Hz, VIN=12V, 4P10S, 120mA/CH 10% dimming@200Hz, VIN=12V, 4P10S, 120mA/CH V_IO1 VIO1 10V/div. VIO2 10V/div. V_IO2 IL 1A/div. IL IOUT 400mA/div. Iout VIO1 10V/div. VIO2 10V/div. V_IO1 V_IO2 IL 1A/div. IL IOUT 400mA/div. LEDDimmingWithoutPhaseShift Iout LEDDimmingWithPhaseShift Time (2ms/div) Time (2ms/div) Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, LED Dimming Without Phase RFSET=100KHz, PWMI=200HZ, Duty=35% Shift condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, LEDTesting Dimming With Phase Shift RFSET=100KHz, PWMI=200HZ, Duty=35% 35% dimming@200Hz, VIN=12V, 4P10S, 120mA/CH 35% dimming@200Hz, VIN=12V, 4P10S, 120mA/CH VIO1 10V/div. VIO1 10V/div. VIO2 10V/div. V_IO1 V_IO2 IL 1A/div. IL V_IO1 VIO2 10V/div. V_IO2 IL 1A/div. IL Iout IOUT 400mA/div. IOUT 400mA/div. AnalogDimmingTransientviaI2C AnalogDimmingTransientviaI2C Time (2ms/div) Time (2ms/div) Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, Analog Dimming Transient via I2C RFSET=100KHz, 60mA/CH to 120mA/CH Testing condition: VIN=12V, 25к к, LEDs=10S4P@120mA/CH, Analog Dimming Transient via I2C RFSET=100KHz, 120mA/CH to 60mA/CH 60mA/CH to 120mA/CH VSDA 5V/div. 120mA/CH to 60mA/CH SDA VSW 20V/div. SW Vout VOUT 2V/div. IOUT 300mA/div. Iout Iout VSDA 5V/div. SDA VSW 20V/div. SW VOUT 2V/div. IOUT 300mA/div. Vout Iout Time (40us/div) Time (40us/div) SC5014 Pin Descriptions Pin # (QFN) Pin Name 1 UVLO Pin Function Input under-voltage lockout pin — Device is disabled when this pin is less than 1.23V (nominal). Add a resistor divider from this pin to the input voltage and AGND, respectively. 2 SCP Short-circuit LED protection programming pin — Shorted LED protection disables the individual channel when the current sink voltage exceeds the programmed voltage threshold. Adding a resistor divider from this pin to REF and PGND programs the shorted-LED protection up to 20x the VSCP voltage. Pulling the pin high to VCC disables the SCP feature on all channels. 3 REF 1.23V reference voltage output pin — Connect a 1µF ceramic bypass capacitor from this pin to ground. 4 FSET Step-up (boost) frequency set pin — Connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set the frequency from 200kHz to 2.2MHz. 5 CPLL Compensation for the internal PLL — Connect a compensation resistor and capacitor from this pin to ground. This pin can be left floating if not used. 6 SCL I2C serial clock input — This pin must be connected to ground if not used. 7 SDA I2C serial data input — This pin must be connected to ground if not used. 8 ISET LED current programming pin — Connect an external resistor to ground to program the current in the LED strings. For more details please refer to LED String Peak Current Programming on page 13. 9 FLT Logic low fault status pin — Open-drain output is latched low when fault condition is detected: Open/Short LED, Shorted String, OVP or OTP. Fault status can be reset by removing fault condition(s) and toggling the EN, VCC or UVLO pins. This pin can be left floating if not used. 10 PWMI 11 ~14 IO4 ~ IO1 Regulated current sink LED channel 4 to channel 1 respectively — Connect the related IO pin to the cathode of the bottom LED in string 4 to string 1 respectively. Connect the related IO pin to ground to disable the related LED string during power on. 15 OVP Over-voltage feedback pin — Over-voltage activated when pin voltage exceeds 1.2V. Use a resistor divider tied to the output and GND to set the OVP level. 16 CS 17 PGND Power ground — Tie this pin to the power ground plane close to input and output decoupling capacitors. 18 NDRV Gate drive for the external step-up (boost) N-Channel MOSFET. 19 VCC Input bias voltage supply for the IC — Accepts 4.5-5.5V inputs. Add a 1µF or larger ceramic bypass capacitor from this pin to ground. 20 EN Logic high enable pin — Pull logic high to enable the device or pull low to disable and maintain low shutdown current. - PAD AGND thermal pad for heatsinking purposes — It should be connected to ground plane for proper circuit operation. LED string PWM dimming control input. Step-up (boost) switch current sense pin — Connect a resistor from this pin to ground for current sense - utilized in peak current mode control loop and over-current sense circuitry. 10 SC5014 Block Diagram REF FSET SCP VBG X20 OVP - OVP CPLL + SC_REF PLL CP VCO BG Boost Oscillator OSC 1/N 18 VCC PWMI UVLO EN I2C (PLLrange) LS ControlLogic NDRV OTP 10MHz (SystemClk) PWMFreq. Adjust CLIM PWM COMP 8 DC - + - + Slope Comp CS COMP DutyCycle Extractor + ILIM Recycle Generator EA 4 + DC - MinimumVoltage Detection 4 10 DutyCycle MUX 4 OC/SC Detection IO2 LEDOpen/ShortFault I2C Interface SDA SCL FLT 10 2 I CInterface and LEDControl Logic IO3 4 LEDFreqAdjust PWMDimAdjust ISETAdjust IO1 SC_REF 5 5-bit DAC IO4 I-REF ADJ OTP ISET PGND 11 SC5014 Applications Information General Description The SC5014 contains a high frequency, current-mode, internally compensated boost controller with 4 constant current sinks for driving LED strings. The LED current for all strings is programmed by an external resistor. The boost converter operates to maintain minimal required output voltage for regulating the LED current to the programmed value. A typical backlight application uses 3 to 14 LEDs per each string, with current driven up to 120mA. The unique control loop of the SC5014 allows fast transient response in dealing with line and load disturbances. The SC5014, operating with an external power MOSFET, regulates the boost converter output voltage based on the instantaneous requirement of the 4 string current sources. This provides power to the entire lighting subsystem with increased efficiency and reduced component count. It supports PWM dimming frequencies from 100Hz to 30kHz and the supply current is reduced to 2mA typical when all LED strings are off. Start-Up When the EN pin is pulled up high (>2.1V), the device is enabled and the UVLO and VCC pin voltages are checked. The VCC voltage has fixed under-voltage rising and falling trip points. If the VCC pin is higher than 4.2V and the UVLO pin voltage is greater than 1.23V, the SC5014 goes into a start-up sequence. The UVLO pin voltage can be used to program the input power source voltage VIN turn-on threshold and its hysteresis (refer to the detailed application circuit on page 23, Figure 2) as shown by the following equations: VIN_TurnOn [V] = 1.23 X (R1 + R2) / R1 VIN_Hysteresis [V] = 10-5 X R2 [Ω] In the next phase, the SC5014 checks each IO pin to determine if the respective LED string is enabled. Each IO pin is pulled up with a 100µA current source. If any IO pin is connected to ground, it will be detected as an unused string, and will be turned off. This unused string checking procedure typically takes 1ms. After this, the SC5014 enters into a soft-start sequence. The soft-start function helps to prevent excess inrush current through the input rail during start-up. In the SC5014, the soft-start is implemented by slowly ramping up the reference voltage fed to the error amplifier. This closed loop start-up method allows the output voltage to ramp up without any overshoot. The duration of the soft-start in the SC5014 is controlled by an internal timing circuit, which is used during start-up and is based on the boost converter switching frequency. For example, with switching frequency at 1MHz, it is 8ms typical and becomes 4ms typical when the switching frequency is 2MHz. If the PWM voltage goes low while the SC5014 is in softstart operation, the SC5014 switches to standby mode, where the external power MOSFET and the LED current sources will be turned off immediately. The internal softstart timer is turned off and the soft-start value is saved. When the PWM voltage goes high again, the soft-start resumes from the previously saved value. Each LED current source (IO1 to IO4) tries to regulate the LED current to its set point. The control loop will regulate the output voltage such that all the IO pin voltages are at least 0.9V typical. Shutdown When the EN pin is pulled down below 0.8V, the device enters into shutdown mode. In this mode, all the internal circuitry is turned off and the supply current is less than 1µA (max). In the scenario where the EN pin voltage is high, but VCC voltage falls below the respective UVLO threshold, the SC5014 goes into a suspend mode. In this mode, all the internal circuitry except the reference and the oscillator are turned off. Thermal Shutdown (TSD) If the thermal shutdown temperature of typical 150°C is reached, the boost converter and all IO current sources are turned off. The FLT pin is forced low in this condition. When the temperature falls below the TSD trip point by 10°C, the SC5014 will restart following the start-up sequence as described before. The FLT pin is latched and will stay low, it is reset by cycling the EN, VCC or UVLO. 12 SC5014 Applications Information (continued) Boost Converter Operation The SC5014 includes a boost controller with programmable switching frequency. It applies a current-mode control method with an integrated compensation loop as shown in the diagram below. The clock (see block diagram on page11) from the oscillator sets the latch and turns on the external power MOSFET, which serves as the main power switch. The current flowing through this switch is sensed by the current sense resistor in series with the switch. The sensed switch current is summed with the slope-compensated ramp and fed into the modulating input of the PWM comparator. When the modulating ramp intersects the error amplifier output (COMP), the latch is reset and the power MOSFET is turned off. The sense resistor also sets the peak current limit of the power MOSFET, IOCP using the following equation: IOCP[A] = 0.4 / RCS [Ω] VIN=4.5to27V OSC Control Logic LS NDRV Q1 When the OVP pin voltage exceeds 1.2V, the boost converter turns off and the FLT pin is pulled low. When the OVP pin voltage falls below the OVP threshold (falling), the boost converter restarts and the FLT pin is released. There is 10mV hysteresis between the OVP pin threshold (falling) and the OVP pin threshold (rising). This results in an output voltage hysteresis expressed as: CS LED Current Sink The SC5014 provides 4 current sinks and each can sink up to 120mA current. It incorporates LED string short-circuit protection (trip-level programmable; can be disabled) and LED string open-circuit protection. C5 RCS + - + COMP + EA - DC IO Min.Voltage Detection The current-mode control system contains two loops. For the inner current loop, the error amplifier (EA) output (COMP) controls the peak inductor current. In the outer loop, the EA regulates the output voltage for driving the LED strings. Boost Converter Switching Frequency Selection The resistor between FSET and GND sets the boost converter switching frequency (200kHz to 2.2MHz) using the following equation: OVP Trip Voltage [V] = 1.2 X (R11 + R12) / R12 Output OVP Hysteresis [mV] = 10 X (R11 + R12) / R12 PWM COMP Slope Comp L1 D1 Boost Oscillator Over-Voltage Protection (OVP) The SC5014 features programmable output over-voltage protection to prevent damage to the IC and output capacitor in the event of a LED string open-circuit. The boost converter output voltage is sensed at the OVP pin through the resistor voltage divider. The OVP trip threshold (refer to detailed application circuit on page 23, Figure 2) can be calculated using the following equation: fSW [kHz] = 105/ RFSET [kΩ] LED String Peak Current Programming LED string peak current (at 100% dimming) can be set by selecting resistor RISET, connected between ISET and GND. The relationship between RISET resistance and single LED string peak current is calculated using the following equation: ILED [mA] = 2 X (1036 X 1.23) / RISET [kΩ] The string current can be programmed up to 120mA. Unused Strings The SC5014 may be operated with less than 4 strings. In this mode of operation, all unused IO pins should be connected to ground. During start-up, these unused strings are detected and disabled while other active strings work normally, and FLT does not get pulled low. A higher switching frequency allows the use of low-profile height inductors for space-constrained and cost-sensitive applications. 13 SC5014 Applications Information (continued) LED Short-Circuit Protection (SCP) The SC5014 features a programmable LED short-circuit protection (SCP). This allows the part to be customized based on the LED forward voltage (VF) mismatches between the LED strings. If one or more LEDs are detected as shortcircuited, the corresponding string will be latched off. The voltages on all IO pins are monitored to check if any IO pin exceeds the SCP trip point. The IO voltage for LED string(s) with faulty short-circuit LED(s) will be higher than other normal IO pin voltages. This LED short-circuit protection trip level (see detailed application circuit on page 23, Figure 2) is expressed by the following equation: VSCP_Trip [V] = 20 X (1.23 X R4) / (R4 + R5) If any IO pin voltage exceeds the trip voltage, the IO current sink will be latched off and the FLT will go low. This latch can be reset by cycling UVLO, VCC or EN. Other LED strings are unaffected and continue in normal operation. This protection will be disabled if SCP is tied to VCC. There is a typical 10μs SCP detection time in PWM dimming applications. If the PWM dimming on-time is less than the SCP detection time, the SCP cannot be enabled. In many applications, LED strings are connected to the IO pins through a mechanical connector, which cannot support an electrical connection at specific times. This connection PWM Input DutyCycle Extractor ExtractedDuty Cyclefrom PWMIInput 10 10 might cause noise on the IO pins. If this noise is large enough, it may trigger a false SCP mode. Under such condition, a ceramic decoupling capacitor (100pF ~ 8.2nF) between IO pin to ground can help prevent the SC5014 from entering the protection mode by false trigger. Or, simply disable this feature by connecting SCP pin to VCC pin. LED Open-Circuit Protection If any LED string becomes open, the respective IO pin voltage will be pulled to ground. Consequently, the internal COMP node (output of error amplifier) is driven high, which causes the boost output voltage to increase. The output voltage will be eventually clamped to a voltage set by the OVP resistor divider. Under this condition, the faulty string is latched off and the FLT pin is pulled low. The boost voltage gets regulated to the voltage required to set all non-faulty IO pins above 0.9V (typ). The remaining strings remain in normal operation. The FLT and the fault-out LED current sink latch-off can be reset by cycling UVLO, VCC or EN. LED Analog Dimming Control The LED current in SC5014 can be dimmed via the 5-bit analog dimming register (register address: 0x02). The LED current can be adjusted in 32 steps from 0mA to maximum value, which is determined by the RISET resistor. LEDFrequencyandPhase-ShifterBlock 0 PWM Input 10 PWM Generator 1 0 PhaseShifting 4 EN 1 PWM[4:1] 4 PWM_ps[4:1] 1 Allbitsidentical whenphase shiftingdisabled 8 Soft-Start D[9:0]Bits INT_DUTYBit FREQBits FastFreqBit PH_SHIFTBit INT_PWMBit I2CInterface Figure 1— LED PWM Dimming Control 14 SC5014 Applications Information (continued) The SC5014 has a unique DAC architecture which allows it to have excellent LED current accuracy and string-to-string matching over the entire DAC range. The analog dimming method can be used in conjunction with PWM dimming to increase the dimming resolution. The fast loop response of the SC5014 allows the LED current to transition to a new value within 160µs or so. Please refer to the graphs in the typical characteristics section. LED PWM Dimming Control The SC5014 supports three PWM dimming modes for controlling the brightness of the LEDs. The dimming modes are: (1) PWM direct, (2) PWM indirect and (3) I2C control It provides flexibility in setting the duty cycle and frequency of the LED PWM signal. The PWM dimming mode is set through the device control register (register address: 0x01) DCR [1:0] bits. Refer to Table 1 for more details. (1) PWM Direct Control The PWM input needs to be held high for normal operation. PWM dimming can be achieved by cycling the PWM input at a given frequency where a “low” on the PWM input turns off all IO current sinks and a “high” turns on all IO current sinks. The PWM pin can be toggled by external circuitry to allow PWM dimming. In a typical application, a microcontroller sets a register or counter that varies the pulse width on a GPIO pin. The SC5014 allows dimming over a wide frequency range (100Hz-30kHz) in order to allow compatibility with a wide range of devices. This includes the newest dimming strategies that avoid the audio band by using high frequency PWM dimming. In this manner, a wide range of illumination can be generated while keeping the instantaneous LED current at its peak value for high efficiency and color temperature. The SC5014 provides a 1000:1 dimming range at 1kHz PWM frequency. The LED current sinks turn on/off very rapidly (<25ns, typical). This allows a wide dimming ratio. An additional advantage of PWM dimming is that it avoids in-rush currents when filling the boost output capacitor. Simply apply the PWM signal to the device at 10% duty for a millisecond or two, and in-rush current is reduced. This dimming time will vary based on the number of LEDs and the size of the output capacitor. This can be easily determined during testing and programmed into the microcontroller firmware. Table 1 — LED Dimming Control Methods PWM Dimming Mode Register Settings DCR[1:0] PWM Input Source PWM Frequency PWM Duty Cycle Phase Shift Option PWM Direct Control 00 PWMI Pin Input Same as the PWMI Input (Range 100 Hz to 30kHz) Same as the PWMI Input NO 01 PWMI Pin Input Set via the FREQ Register (0x05) and FAST_FREQ Bit 10kHz (max): FAST_FREQ=0 20kHz (max): FAST_FREQ=1 Same as the Duty Cycle of the PWM Input YES 11 I2C Control Set via the FREQ Register (0x05) and FAST_FREQ bit 10kHz (max): FAST_FREQ=0 20kHz (max): FAST_FREQ=1 Set Via the Duty Cycle Control Register (0x03, 0x04) 10-Bits @ 10kHz Output 9-Bits @ 20kHz Output YES PWM Indirect Control (Default Option) I2C Control LED PWM Output 15 SC5014 Applications Information (continued) (2) PWM Indirect Control This is the default mode for LED PWM dimming in the SC5014. In this mode, the input signal applied on the PWM pin is passed through a duty cycle extractor block after the system has detected two successive duty cycles that are the same. The extractor measures the duty cycle of the PWM input, and, depending on the value of FAST_FREQ, the duty cycle is converted to a 9-bit value (FAST_FREQ = 1) or a 10bit value (FAST_FREQ = 0). This value is then passed to the PWM generator block as shown in Figure 1. should be connected to ground. In this mode, the LED dimming duty cycle is set via the duty cycle registers (addresses 0x03, 0x04); and the dimming frequency is set via the FREQ register (address 0x05) and the FAST_FREQ bit. With FAST_FREQ = 0, the LED duty cycle can achieve 10-bit resolution, D[9:0], which is combined by two portions: (1) MSB portion - register address 0x03 [1:0] and (2) LSB portion - register address 0x04 [7:0] as shown below. The LED PWM output frequency is set via the FREQ register (address 0x05) and the FAST_FREQ bit. With FAST_FREQ = 0, low dimming frequency option is selected and the PWM dimming frequency will be according to the following equation: 10MHz 1024 × [FREQ[7 : 0] + 1] = 10kHz(max) PWM Dimming Frequency = With FAST_FREQ = 1, the high dimming frequency option is selected and the PWM dimming frequency is shown by the following equation: 10MHz 512 × [FREQ[7 : 0] + 1] = 20kHz(max) PWM Dimming Frequency = The default option is FAST_FREQ = 1. This gives 9-bit duty cycle resolution and up to 20kHz dimming frequency range. The PWM input is usually generated by the system graphics processor. This mode allows the user to set the PWM output dimming frequency independent of the PWMI input. If the PWM signal has jitter, the SC5014 provides an option to filter it out. Hysteresis is also provided by selecting the WND[1:0] bits in the DCR register (address 0x01). WND[1:0] bits set the window comparator such that if a change in the duty cycle is detected which is smaller than the set window, then it is ignored. The dimming duty cycle with FAST_FREQ = 0 can be calculated as: LED Dimming Duty Cycle = {D[9:0]decimal }/210-1 With FAST_FREQ = 1, the LED duty cycle can achieve 9-bit resolution, D[9:1], which is combined by two portions: (1) MSB portion - register address 0x03 [1:0] and (2) LSB portion - register address 0x04 [7:1] as shown below. The dimming duty cycle with FAST_FREQ = 1 can be calculated as: LED Dimming Duty Cycle = {D[9:1]decimal }/29-1 In both cases mentioned above, the duty cycle is fixed to be 0 when D[9:0] is set as 0x00. The PWM dimming frequency is controlled the same way as in “Indirect Control”. (3) I2C Control In I2C dimming mode (refer to Figure 1, page 14), both the output LED dimming duty cycle and the dimming frequency are set via the internal registers. The PWMI pin 16 SC5014 Applications Information (continued) Phase-Shift PWM Dimming The SC5014 provides an option for phase-shifted LED PWM dimming. This option is available in both PWMI indirect control and I2C control. The phase-shift option is set by the PH_SHIFT bit in the Device Control Register (register address 0x01). This option delays the turn-on of the LED strings based on the number of the strings in operation (the number of the strings in operation is determined during the start-up). The delay time can be calculated by the following equation: 1 fPWM , N N = number of strings in operation Tφ −phase = fPWM = LED PWM dimming frequency An example for calculating the fading time is shown in this section. Assuming LED PWM dimming frequency is 10kHz, then 10-bits are assigned for 1024 duty cycle settings. Table 2 — Fade Setting Duty Cycle Zone Duty Cycle Range Step Increment Step Interval Total Steps within the Range 1 2 3 0 to 511 512 to 767 768 to 1024 1 1 2 2 1 1 512 256 256 The time required to go from 10% (102/1024) to 90% (922/1024) duty cycle can be calculated using the following equation: Phase-shift mode is disabled during the soft-start period. This allows the output to ramp up to the correct voltage in a controlled fashion. TPWM = 100 µs (with 10kHz dimming frequency) Phase-shifting reduces the peak input current, decreases EMI and improves the dimming linearity. The figures in the Typical Characteristics Section on page 6 show the improvement in dimming linearity with phase-shifted versus non-phase-shifted dimming. Cycle in Zone #2 = Total Steps in Zone #2 x [(Zone #2 Step Interval) / (Zone #2 Step Increment)] Backlight Fade-in and Fade-out Options The SC5014 features an option for fade-in and fade-out brightness control, which allows a smooth transition from one brightness level to another. Cycle in Zone #1 = (511 - Starting Duty Cycle) x [(Zone #1 Step Interval) / (Zone #1 Step Increment)] Cycle in Zone #3 = (End Duty Cycle - 768) x [(Zone #3 Step Interval) / (Zone #3 Step Increment)] In this case, the total cycle will be: Registers associated with these fading functions are shown in this section. Total cycle = 2 x (511-102) + 1 x 256 + 0.5 x (922 - 768) = 1151 Total Fading Time = Total Cycle x TPWM = 1151 x 100 µs = 115.1ms . Fade Option (register address 0x09) — sets fade enable options, fade time, fade type. 2. Fade Rate (register address 0x0A) — sets fade step size option. Time required to go from 10% (102/1024) to 90% (922/1024) duty cycle can be calculated using the following equation: The fade option register allows the user to select fading, choose between linear or logarithmic fading, and to set the fading time. The default setting is fading enabled with logarithmic mode. The fading time is determined by the LED PWM dimming frequency. The fade setting is shown in Table 2. TPWM = 100 μs (PWM Dimming Period) 1 Total Cycle = 2 × (511 − 102) + 256 + × (922 − 768) = 1151 2 Total Time = 1151× TPWM = 115.1ms 17 SC5014 Table 3 — Fault Protection Descriptions Action on Fault Type of Fault User Disable? Fault Criteria Input Under-voltage at VIN (UVLO) No Input Under-voltage at VCC (UVLO) Recovery Device FLT pin (latching / non-latching Condition(s) FLT pin VIN < (1 + R2/R1) x 1.23 (rising) No Startup Not Active VUVLO > 1.23V (rising) High No VIN < (1 + R2/R1) × 1.23V - IUVLO × R1 (falling) Shutdown Not Active VUVLO > 1.23V (rising) High No VCC < 4.2V (rising) No Startup Not Active VCC > 4.2V (rising) High No VCC < 4.0V (falling) Shutdown Not Active VCC > 4.2V (rising) High Over-voltage Protection (OVP) No VOVP > 1.23V (rising) Regulate to OVP threshold: IO(n) = “on” Low (non-latching) VOVP < 1.22V (falling) High on removal of fault condition Over-current Protection (OCP) No VCS > 0.4V Limit Q1 FET drain current < 0.4V/R9 (typ) (1) High VCS > 0.4V High VIO(n) > 20 x VSCP Device on: IO(n) = “off” Other IO(All) = “on” Low (latching) Replace Shorted LED(s) and Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High VIO(All) > 20 x VSCP Device latch-off; IO(All) = “off” Low (latching) Replace Shorted LED(s) and Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High VIO(n) < 0.1V and OVP event Device on: IO(n) = “off” Other IO(All) = “on” Low (latching) Replace Open LED(s) and Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High VIO(All) < 0.1V and OVP event Device latch-off; IO(All) = “off” Low (latching) Replace Open LED(s) and Toggle EN, VCC or UVLO High VIO(All) < 0.1V (start up) Device on: IO(n) = “off” Other IO(All) = “on” High TJ > 150ºC (typ) Device off; IO(All) = “off” Low (latching) Satisfy THYS > 10ºC; Device On; IO(All) = “on”; Toggle EN, VCC or High Shorted LED(s) Open LED(s) Unused Strings Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) Yes, tie SCP to VCC No No No Note: Refer to the application circuit example for R1 and R2 on page 23, Figure 2. 18 SC5014 Applications Information (continued) Fault Protection The SC5014 provides fault detection for low supply voltage, LED related faults, boost converter over-voltage and thermal shutdown. The open drain output pin (FLT) indicates a system fault. The nature of the fault can be read from the fault status resistor (register address: 0x00) via I2C interface. Refer to Table 3 for a description of the Fault Protection Modes. Other Possible Configurations Depending on different application requirements, the SC5014 can also be easily configured to other topologies, such as the SEPIC configuration shown in Figure 4, page 24. Li-Ion Powered Display Configuration If a Li-Ion powered display application is required, VCC is needed to power with 5V. However, VIN can be set lower from 3V to 4.2V for example. An advantage of this type of configuration is that it provides higher efficiency. Please use Figure 3 on page 23 for reference. High Output Voltage Configuration If a high output voltage application is required, an additional external cascode MOSFET can be added on each IO pin to meet such requirement, please refer to Figure 5 on page 24 for reference. In this case, the upper limit on the output voltage is mainly determined by the rating of the external MOSFET, heat dissipation, etc. PCB Layout Considerations The placements of the power components outside the SC5014 should follow the layout guidelines of a general boost converter. The Detailed Application Circuit is used as an example. . Capacitor (C2) should be placed as close as possible to the VCC and AGND to achieve the best performance. 3. The converter power train inductor (L1) is the boost converter input inductor. Use wide and short traces connecting these components. 4. The output rectifying diode (D1) uses a Schottky diode for fast reverse recovery. Transistor (Q1) is the external switch. Resistor (R9) is the switch current sensing resistor. To minimize switching noise for the boost converter, the output capacitor (C6) should be placed such that the loop formed by Q1, D1, C6 and R9, is minimized. The output of the boost converter is used to power up the LEDs. Use wide and short trace connecting Pin NDRV and the gate of Q1. The GNDs for R9 and C6 should be PGND. These components should be close to the SC5014. 5. Resistor (R8) is the output current adjusting resistor for IO1 through IO4 and should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 6. Resistor (R6) is the switching frequency adjusting resistor and should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 7. The decoupling capacitor (C3) for Pin REF should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 8. Resistors (R4, R5) form a divider to set the SCP level, R4 should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 9. Resistors (R2, R1) form a divider to set the UVLO level for UVLO pin. R1 should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. 0. R11 and R10 form a divider to set the OVP level for VOUT, R10 should return to AGND. Place it next to the IC. . All the traces for components with AGND connection should avoid being routed close to the noisy areas. 2. An exposed pad is located at the bottom of the SC5014 for heat dissipation and analog ground. A copper area underneath the pad is used for better heat dissipation. On the bottom layer of the PCB another copper area, connected through vias to the top layer, is used for better thermal performance. The pad at the bottom of the SC5014 should be connected to AGND. AGND should be connected to PGND at a single point for better noise immunity. 2. Capacitor (C1) is the input power filtering capacitor for the boost. It needs to be tied to PGND. 19 SC5014 Components Selection Inductor Selection The choice of the inductor affects the converter’s steady state operation, transient response, and its loop stability. Special attention needs to be paid to three specifications of the inductor, its value, its DC resistance and saturation current. The inductor’s inductance value also determines the inductor ripple current. The boost converter will operate in either CCM (Continuous Conduction Mode) or DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) depending on its operating conditions. The inductor DC current or input current can be calculated using the following equation. IIN = VOUT × I OUT VIN × η IIN - Input current;IOUT – Output current; VOUT – Boost output voltage; VIN – Input voltage; η – Efficiency of the boost converter Then the duty ratio under CCM is shown by the following equation. D= VOUT − VIN + VD VOUT + VD VD – Forward conduction drop of output rectifying diode When the boost converter runs under DCM ( L < Lboundary), it has the advantages of small inductance and quick transient response; where as if the boost converter works under CCM (L > Lboundary), normally the converter has higher efficiency. When selecting an inductor, another factor to consider is the peak-to-peak inductor current ripple, which is given by the following equation: ΔIL = VIN × D fSW × L Usually this peak-to-peak inductor current ripple can be chosen between 30% to 50% of the maximum input DC current. This gives the best compromise between the inductor size and converter efficiency. The peak inductor current can be calculated using the following equation: IL-peak = IIN + VIN × D 2 × fSW × L For most applications, an inductor with a value of 2.2µH to 22µH should be acceptable, (refer to the detailed application circuit on page 23, Figure 2). The inductor peak current must be less than its saturation rating. When the inductor current is close to the saturation level, its inductance can decrease 20% to 35% from the 0A value depending on the vendor specifications. Using a small value inductor forces the converter in DCM, in which case the inductor current ramps down to zero before the end of each switching cycle. It reduces the boost converter’s maximum output current and produces a larger input voltage ripple. The DCR of the inductor plays a significant role for the total system efficiency and usually there is a trade-off between the DCR and size of the inductor. Table 4 lists some recommended inductors and their vendors. Table 4. Recommended Inductors Inductor Vendor Website HCM0703, 2.2uH~10uH www.cooperindustries.com IHLP-2525CZ-01, 4.7uH~10uH www.vishay.com MLPC0730L, 2.2uH~4.7uH www.nec-tokin.com/english Output Capacitor Selection The next design task is targeting the proper amount of output ripple voltage due to the constant-current LED loads. Usually X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor is recommended. The ceramic capacitor minimum capacitance needed for a given ripple can be estimated using the following equation: C OUT = (VOUT − VIN )× IOUT VOUT ×f SW ×VRIPPLE 20 SC5014 Application Information (continued) VRIPPLE – Peak to peak output ripple. The ripple voltage should be less than 200mV (pk-pk) to ensure good LED current sink regulation. For example, a typical application where 120mA/channel current is needed, the total output current for 4 channels will be 480mA, and 6x 4.7µF capacitors are recommended. During load transient, the output capacitor supplies or absorbs additional current before the inductor current reaches its steady state value. Larger capacitance helps with the overshoot/undershoot during load transient and loop stability. Input Capacitor Selection X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor is recommended for input bypass capacitor. A 1µF capacitor is sufficient for the VCC input. Bypass the VIN input with a 10µF or larger ceramic capacitor. Output Freewheeling Diode Selection Schottky diodes are the ideal choice for the SC5014 due to their low forward voltage drop and fast switching speed. Table 5 shows several different Schottky diodes that work properly with the SC5014. Verify that the diode has a voltage rating greater than the maximum possible output voltage. The diode conducts current only when the power switch is turned off. The diode must be rated to handle the average output current. A diode rated for 1A average current will be sufficient for most designs. voltage. The external power MOSFET should be selected with its voltage rating higher than the output voltage by minimum 30%. The current rating should be enough to handle the inductor peak current. Low RDS(on) MOSFETs are preferred for achieving better efficiency. The GD (gate driver) on SC5014 provides 1A (peak) current driving capability which is suitable for most MOSFETs for high frequency operation. The average current required to drive the MOSFET is given by the following equation. IGATE = QG x fSW QG — Gate charge The RDS(ON) and its RMS current IS_RMS of the power MOSFET will generate the conduction loss using the following equation. PCOND = IS_RMS2 x RDS(on) The MOSFET’s switch loss can be calculated using the following equation. PSW = ½ x VIN x IL_PEAK x fSW x (TON + TOFF) Where TON and TOFF are the MOSFET’s on and off time and they can be estimated by the following equations. TON = t r + (5 − V Q gd plateau )/ (5 + R ) g Table 5. Recommended Rectifier Diodes Rectifier Diode DFLS140 SS14/15/16, SS24/25/26 Vendor Website www.diodes.com www.vishay.com External Power MOSFET Selection The boost converter in SC5014 uses an external power MOSFET to regulate the output voltage and output power to drive LED loads. This boost switching structure has an advantage in that the SC5014 is not exposed to high voltage. Only the external power MOSFET, freewheeling diode and the inductor will be exposed to the output TOFF = t f + Q gd Vplateau / (5 + R g ) Where tr, tf, Qgd and Vplateau can usually be found from datasheet of the selected MOSFET. Rg is the resistance of the optional resistor connected in series on the gate of the MOSFET. 21 SC5014 Components Selection (continued) Current Sensing Resistor Selection The switch current is sensed via the current sensing resistor, RCS. The sensed voltage at this pin is used to set the peak switch current limit and also used for steady state regulation of the inductor current. The current limit comparator has a trip voltage of 0.4V (typical). R CS value is chosen to set the peak inductor and switch current using the following equation. I2SW(Peak) = 0.4/RCS The power dissipation in RSNS can be calculated using the following equations. PR_CS = IRMS2 x RCS IRMS = D x [IO/(1-D)]2 IO = Output DC Current, D = Duty Cycle For the typical application circuit shown in the detailed application circuit (page 23, Figure 2), the power dissipation on the sensing resistor is shown by the following equations. Assuming VIN = 6V and VOUT = 31.5V, thus D = 81%, PR_CS = 0.81 X (0.48/0.19)2 X 0.08 = 0.414(W) For this example, a 0.08 Ω 1% thick-film chip resistor rated at 1W can be used. PLL Filter Component Selection The detailed application circuit on page 23, Figure 2 shows the optimal R/C filter components for the PLL compensation. These are optimized for internal 1MHz switching frequency. Please contact Semtech Power management Application Group if a different switching frequency is selected. 22 SC5014 C1 R2 Q1 24.3kΩ 357kΩ R12 10 WLEDs per channel 10kΩ 80mΩ R1 10kΩ R3 VCC 10kΩ IO2 EN 20kΩ OVP IO1 UVLO R15 FLT IO3 SC5014 SCL SCL SDA SDA PWM PWM IO4 REF SCP PAD CPLL 2.2µF FLT 4.7µF/50V x6PCS R9 C12 CS GND C6 AON7244 NDRV VCC (5V) R11 R5,40.2kΩ R4 10kΩ FSET 10µF/35V x2PCS Vout B260 PGND PGND D1 L1 4.7µH ISET VIN (6-27V) R7,110kΩ C3 C4 C5 1µF 100pF 2.7pF R8 R6 25.5kΩ 100kΩ Figure 2— Application Circuit Example, 40 LED @ 100mA C1 R2 Q1 13kΩ PGND R3 VCC 10kΩ IO2 EN 20kΩ FLT SCL SCL SDA SDA PWM PWM SCP OVP IO1 UVLO R15 FLT 10kΩ 100mΩ R1 10kΩ CS 2.2µF/10V 249kΩ R12 5 WLEDs per channel RCS C12 NDRV GND C6 Si2318 IO3 S C 504 IO4 PAD REF VCC (5V) R11 FSET 10µF/6.3V x2PCS Vout B140 ISET PGND D1 L1 NC VIN (3-4.2V) R5,60.4kΩ R4 10kΩ C3 1µF R8 R6 127kΩ 100kΩ Figure 3— Li-Ion Powered Display Application Circuit Example, 20 LED @ 20mA 23 SC5014 C8 L1 D1 R11 PGND R2 C6 R12 RCS C12 R1 OVP VCC IO1 UVLO R15 IO2 EN FLT SCL SCL SDA SDA PWM PWM IO3 S C 504 IO4 PAD REF SCP R5 ISET 20kΩ FLT PGND R3 10kΩ CPLL 2.2µF CS GND L2 Q1 NDRV VCC (5V) Vout C1 FSET VIN (6-27V) R7,110kΩ R4 R6 R8 C3 C4 C5 1µF 100pF 2.7pF Figure 4— SEPIC Configuration C1 R2 Q1 75kΩ R3 R12 20 WLEDs per channel 10kΩ VCC 10kΩ IO2 EN FLT SCL SCL SDA SDA PWM PWM SCP IO4 PAD R5,40.2kΩ R4 10kΩ IO3 S C 504 CPLL 20kΩ OVP IO1 UVLO R15 FLT 787kΩ 50mΩ R1 10kΩ CS 2.2µF 2.2µF/100V x6PCS RCS C12 REF GND C6 AON6482 NDRV VCC (5V) R11 FSET 10µF/25V x3PCS Vout up to 70V DFLS1100 PGND PGND D1 L1 3.3µH ISET VIN (12-19V) VIN R7,110kΩ C3 C4 C5 1µF 100pF 2.7pF R8 R6 25.5kΩ 250kΩ Figure 5— Cascode Configuration drives 80 LEDs@100mA 24 SC5014 Serial Interface acknowledges and the master terminates the transfer with the stop condition [P]. The I2C General Specification The SC5014 is a read-write slave-mode I C device and complies with the NXP B.V. I2C standard Version 2.1, dated January 2000. The SC5014 has 11 user-accessible internal 8-bit registers. The I2C interface has been designed for program flexibility, supporting direct format for write operation. Read operations are supported on both combined format and stop separated format. While there is no auto increment/decrement capability in the SC5014 I2C logic, a tight software loop can be designed to randomly access the next register independent of which register you begin accessing. The start and stop commands frame the data-packet and the repeat start condition is allowed if necessary. 2 Limitations to the I2C Specifications The SC5014 only recognizes 7-bit addressing. This means that 10-bit addressing and CBUS communication are not compatible. The device can operate in either standard mode (100kbit/s) or fast mode (400kbit/s). Slave Address Assignment The 7-bit slave address is 0101 111x. The eighth bit is the data direction bit. 0x5F is used for read operation and 0x5E is used for write operation. (2) Combined Format — Read After the start condition [S], the slave address is sent, followed by an eighth bit indicating a write. The SC5014 I2C then acknowledges that it is being addressed, and the master responds with an 8-bit data byte consisting of the register address. The slave acknowledges and the master sends the repeated start condition [Sr]. Once again, the slave address is sent, followed by an eighth bit indicating a read. The slave responds with an acknowledge and the 8-bit data from the previously addressed register; the master then sends a non-acknowledge (NACK). Finally, the master terminates the transfer with the stop condition [P]. (3) Stop Separated Reads Stop-separated reads can also be used. This format allows a master to set up the register address pointer for a read and return to that slave at a later time to read the data. In this format the slave address followed by a write command are sent after a start [S] condition. The SC5014 then acknowledges it is being addressed, and the master responds with the 8-bit register address. The master sends a stop or restart condition and may then address another slave. After performing other tasks, the master can send a start or restart condition to the SC5014 with a read command. The device acknowledges this request and returns the data from the register location that had previously been set up. Supported Formats The supported formats are described in the following subsections. (1) Direct Format — Write The simplest format for an I2C write is direct format. After the start condition [S], the slave address is sent, followed by an eighth bit indicating a write. The SC5014 I2C then acknowledges that it is being addressed, and the master responds with an 8-bit data byte consisting of the register address. The slave acknowledges and the master sends the appropriate 8-bit data byte. Once again, the slave 25 SC5014 I2C Direct Format Write S SlaveAddress W A RegisterAddress S– StartCondition W–Write=‘0’ A–Acknowledge(sentbyslave) P–Stopcondition A Data A P SlaveAddress– 7-bit Registeraddress– 8-bit Data– 8-bit I2C Stop Separated Format Read MasterAddresses otherSlaves RegisterAddressSetupAccess S SlaveAddress W A RegisterAddress A P S S– StartCondition W–Write=‘0’ R–Read=‘1’ A–Acknowledge(sentbyslave) NAK–Non-Acknowledge(sentbymaster) Sr–RepeatedStartcondition P–Stopcondition SlaveAddressB RegisterReadAccess S/Sr SlaveAddress R A Data NACK P SlaveAddress– 7-bit Registeraddress– 8-bit Data– 8-bit I2C Combined Format Read S SlaveAddress W A RegisterAddress S– StartCondition W–Write=‘0’ R–Read=‘1’ A–Acknowledge(sentbyslave) NAK–Non-Acknowledge(sentbymaster) Sr–RepeatedStartcondition P–Stopcondition A Sr SlaveAddress R A Data NACK P SlaveAddress– 7-bit Registeraddress– 8-bit Data– 8-bit 26 SC5014 Register Map Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Value Description LED_ OPEN OTP OVP FAULT 0x00 Fault Status FLT_EN PHASE_ SHIFT INT_ DUTY INT_ PWM 0xB5 Device Control IDAC2 IDAC1 IDAC0 0x1F Analog Dimming Control D9 D8 0x00 Dimming Duty Cycle Control 1 Address Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 0x00 CLF PLL_RDY LED_ SHORT 0x01 WND1 WND0 FAST_ FREQ 0x02 IDAC4 Bit 3 IDAC3 0x03 0x04 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0x00 Dimming Duty Cycle Control 2 0x05 FREQ7 FREQ6 FREQ5 FREQ4 FREQ3 FREQ2 FREQ1 FREQ0 0x00 Dimming Frequency Select NPLL17 NPLL16 0x00 PLL Divider MSB 0x06 0x07 NPLL15 NPLL14 NPLL13 NPLL12 NPLL11 NPLL10 NPLL9 NPLL8 0x00 PLL Divider LSB2 0x08 NPLL7 NPLL6 NPLL5 NPLL4 NPLL3 NPLL2 NPLL1 NPLL0 0x08 PLL Divider LSB1 0x09 FADE_EN FADE_ TYPE STEP_ MUL2 STEP_ MUL1 STEP_ MUL0 0x80 Fade Options FADE_ RATE2 FADE_ RATE1 FADE_ RATE0 0x00 Fade Rate 0x0A FADE_ RATE6 FADE_ RATE5 FADE_ RATE4 FADE_ RATE3 27 SC5014 Definition of Registers and Bits Fault Status Register Bit Field Definition Read / Write Description 0x00 [7] CLF W Clear latching flags bit. (Set = 1 to clear OTP, LED_OPEN, LED_SHORT and mask OVP for 32 to 64μs) 0x00 [6] PLL_RDY R PLL ready status 0x00 [5] LED_SHORT R One or more LED strings faulted shorted 0x00 [4] LED_OPEN R One or more LED strings faulted open 0x00 [2] OTP R Thermal shutdown (1 = thermal OTP fault) 0x00 [1] OVP R Output over-voltage fault ( 1 = OVP ) 0x00 [0] FAULT R OR of all fault conditions (0= no fault, 1 = fault condition) 28 SC5014 Definition of Registers and Bits (continued) Device Control Register Bit Field 0x01 [7:6] Definition WIN[1:0] Read / Write Description R/W A modified duty cycle sent into the PWMI pin replaces the existing saved duty cycle when its deviation from the saved duty is outside the window for two consecutive samples. 00 = 0 bits (no window) 01 = ±1 bit window 10 = ±2 bit window 11 = ±3 bit window 0x01 [5] FAST_FREQ R/W Determines the LED PWM dimming frequency selection: 1 = High PWM dimming frequency mode assuming 9-bit PWM duty cycle dimming, dividing the system clock 10MHz / (512 x (FREQ+1)). 0 = Low PWM dimming frequency mode assuming 10-bit PWM duty cycle dimming, dividing the system clock 10MHz / (1024 x (FREQ+1)). 0x01 [4] FLT_EN R/W This bit enables fault checking: 0 = LED_OPEN and LED_SHORT faults are not checked. 1 = LED_OPEN and LED_SHORT faults are checked. 0x01 [2] PH_SHIFT R/W Enables String-by-String phase shifting. This is a don’t care if INT_PWM=0. 0 = Phase shifting disabled. 1 = Phase shifting is enabled. 0x01 [1] INT_DUTY R/W Determines the duty cycle source. This is a don’t care if INT_PWM = 0. 0 = LED duty cycle is set by the PWMI input. 1 = LED duty cycle is set by the 10-bit duty cycle control registers. R/W Sets the LED PWM dimming source. 0 = LED PWM dimming driven directly from the PWMI input source (direct PWM dimming). 1 = LED PWM dimming driven from an internal oscillator (required for phase-shifted PWM dimming); enables the PLL. 0x01 [0] INT_PWM Analog Dimming Control Register Bit Field Definition 0x02 [4:0] IDAC [4:0] Read / Write Description R/W 5-bit analog dimming register — The LED current can adjusted in 32 steps from 0mA to max value determined by RISET. 29 SC5014 Definition of Registers and Bits (continued) Dimming Duty Cycle Control Register Bit Field Definition 0x03 [1:0] 0x04 [7:0] D [9:0] Read / Write Description R/W 10-bit PWM brightness setting — This value is spread over registers: 0x03 (MSB) and 0x04 (LSB). Dimming Frequency Select Register Bit Field Definition 0x05 [7:0] FREQ [7:0] Read / Write Description R/W This register sets the LED dimming frequency. FAST_FREQ = 1, then LED dimming frequency is equal to 10MHz / (512 x (FREQ+1)). FAST_FREQ = 0, then LED dimming frequency is equal to 10MHz / (1024 x (FREQ+1)). PLL Control Registers Bit Field Definition 0x06 [1:0] 0x07 [7:0] 0x08 [7:0] NPLL [17:0] Read / Write Description R/W These registers set the PLL divider value — The system clock is intended to run at 10MHz; this value divides the system clock down to a frequency comparable to the SYNC signal’s frequency to allow PLL synchronization. Typical values are shown below. FIN PLL Divider N Register Values FPLL = (N+2) × FIN 60 Hz 169,982 0x02 - 0x97 - 0xFE 10MHz 1 MHz 8 0x00 - 0x00 - 0x08 10MHz Fade Options Registers Bit Field Definition Read / Write Description 0x09 [7] FADE_EN R/W Enables the fading feature. FADE_EN = 0: No Fading; Jumps directly to new PWM value. FADE_EN = 1: Enables fading. 0x09 [6] FADE_TYPE R/W Selects the fading type. FADE_TYPE = 0: Logarithmic Fading. FADE_TYPE = 1: Linear Fading. 30 SC5014 Definition of Registers and Bits (continued) Bit Field 0x09 [2:0] Definition STEP_MUL [2:0] Read / Write Description Used to speed up fade time, when selected LED PWM dimming frequency is low. Define a 2N multiplier of the fade amount. STEP_MUL[2:0] = 000, N=0, multiplier = 1 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 001, N=1, multiplier = 21 = 2 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 010, N=2, multiplier = 22 = 4 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 011, N=3, multiplier = 23 = 8 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 100, N=4, multiplier = 24 = 16 STEP_MUL[2:0] = 101~111, N=5, multiplier = 25 = 32 R/W Fade Rate Register Bit Field Definition 0x0A [6:0] FADE_RATE [6:0] Read / Write Description R/W Defines how often the duty is changed during a fade. Fade rate = PWM Output Rate / (1 + FADE_RATE[6:0]) 31 SC5014 Outline Drawing — MLPQ-20 4x4 A B D PIN1 INDICATOR (LASERMARK) DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS DIM MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX A A1 A2 b D D1 E E1 e L N aaa bbb E A2 A .031 .035 .039 .000 .001 .002 - (.008) .007 .010 .012 .154 .157 .161 .100 .106 .110 .154 .157 .161 .100 .106 .110 .020BSC .012 .016 .020 20 .004 .004 0.80 0.90 1.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 - (0.20) 0.18 0.25 0.30 3.90 4.00 4.10 2.55 2.70 2.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 2.55 2.70 2.80 0.50BSC 0.30 0.40 0.50 20 0.10 0.10 SEATING PLANE aaa C A1 C D1 LxN E/2 E1 2 1 N bxN e bbb C A B D/2 NOTES: 1. CONTROLLINGDIMENSIONSAREINMILLIMETERS(ANGLESINDEGREES). 2. COPLANARITYAPPLIESTOTHEEXPOSEDPADASWELLASTHETERMINALS. 32 SC5014 Land Pattern — MLPQ-20 4x4 K DIMENSIONS (C) G H Y Z DIM C G H K P X Y Z INCHES (.156) .122 .106 .106 .020 .010 .033 .189 MILLIMETERS (3.95) 3.10 2.70 2.70 0.50 0.25 0.85 4.80 X P NOTES: 1. THISLANDPATTERNISFORREFERENCEPURPOSESONLY. CONSULTYOURMANUFACTURINGGROUPTOENSUREYOUR COMPANY'SMANUFACTURINGGUIDELINESAREMET. 2. THERMALVIASINTHELANDPATTERNOFTHEEXPOSEDPAD SHALLBECONNECTEDTOASYSTEMGROUNDPLANE. FAILURETODOSOMAYCOMPROMISETHETHERMALAND/OR FUNCTIONALPERFORMANCEOFTHEDEVICE. 33 SC5014 © Semtech 2012 All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent or other industrial or intellectual property rights. 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