SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with Integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES The SX1781 is a high-performance low phase noise integer-N frequency synthesizer for wireless communications applications. The circuit embeds a fully integrated PLL (including VCO tank and loop filter), complementary output buffers The divider and power-down settings are programmable via an SPI interface. A Lock Detector pin linked to a squelch function have been designed to ease the software development. PIN DIAGRAM Frequency range:1200 to 1400 MHz Frequency step: 250 kHz min. Phase noise: -85 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz offset Reference spurs: -67 dBc Hopping time: 350 µs max. Operating voltage: 3.0 - 3.6V Programmable Output Power: up to +5 dBm Integrated VCO and loop filter SPI-bus interface Lock Detect output and squelch Ultra-low power sleep mode Complementary RF outputs Temperature range: -40 to +85°C 4 x 4 mm MLPQ16 package Pb-free and RoHS compliant ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number Delivery Quantity SX1781IMLTRT Tape & Reel 3000 pces BLOCK DIAGRAM CSB SCK MOSI MISO CLK VDDA VDDD VDDF Loop Filter ÷[RDiv+1] VCO Out_P ÷2 PFD Out_N SLEEPB LD ÷ [N Div+4800] VSSA Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 1 VSSD VSSF www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING FINAL DATASHEET 1. Pin Description Table 1 Pin Description Pin # Pin Name Pin Type Description 1 VDDD 2 CLK 3 NC 4 VSSD 5 CSB I SPI Line Select 6 MOSI I SPI Data Input 7 MISO O SPI Data Output (High Z when unused) 8 SCK I SPI Clock 9 VSSA 10 Out_N O RF Complementary Output 11 Out_P O RF Output 12 VDDA Power Supply, Output Buffers 13 VSSF Ground 14 VDDF Power Supply 15 SLEEPB I When low, the circuit is in deep sleep mode 16 LD O PLL Lock Detect Output (active high) Power Supply I PLL Reference Signal Do not Connect Ground Ground Note: the thermal pad under the SX1781 should be connected to ground for an optimal thermal dissipation. Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 2 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL 2. Electrical Characteristic 2.1. ESD and Latchup Notice The SX1781 is a high performance radio frequency device. It withstands: 2 kV ESD discharge with the Human Body Model (Class 2 of the JEDEC standard JESD22-A114-B) 1 kV ESD discharge with the Charged Device Model (Class IV of JESD22-C101C) +/- 100 mA Static Latchup current at maximum temperature (Class II Level A of JESD78) It should be handled with all the necessary ESD precautions to avoid any permanent damage. 2.2. Maximum Ratings Important Note: The Absolute Maximum Ratings, in Table 1, are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at conditions other than those indicated in the Operating Conditions sections of this specification are not implied. Exposure to the absolute maximum ratings, where different to the operating conditions, for an extended period may reduce the reliability or useful lifetime of the product. Table 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Minimum Maximum Units V DD -0.5 3.7 V Input Voltage (non-supply pins) Vin - 3.7 V Output Voltage (non-supply pins) Vout - 3.7 V TA -40 +85 °C Tstor -50 +150 °C Supply Voltage VDDA, VDDD, VDDF Ambient Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 3 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL 2.3. Operating Conditions Table 3 Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Units VDD 3.0 3.3 3.6 V TA -40 - +85 °C Supply Current Inputs & Digital IDDD - 3.1 4 mA Supply Current Synthesizer only IDDF - 10.8 12 mA Supply Current RF output, lowest power1 IDDA - 8.1 - mA Supply Current RF output , maximum output power1 IDDA - 15 17 mA Total Power Dissipation2 PTOT - 95 125 mW ISLEEP - 0.25 3 uA Power Supply (DC voltage) VDDA, VDDD, VDDF Ambient Temperature Range Standby Current (deep sleep mode) Note 1: Programmable output power. Must add IDDF, IDDD, & IDDA for total device current consumption. Note 2: Synthesizer with RF outputs enabled. Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 4 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL 3. DC Characteristics Table 4 CSB, MOSI, SCK and SLEEPB Pins Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Units Vin High V IH 2 - - V Vin Low V IL - - 0.8 V ILEAK -1 - 1 µA Typical Maximum Units 0.4 V Input Leakage Current Table 5 MISO, LD Output Ports Parameter Symbol Minimum Vout Low (lOL = 4mA) Vol - Vout High (lOH = 4mA) Voh 2.4 - - V Drive Current ID - - 4 mA Note: MISO and MOSI have no internal pull-up/down. MOSI is in High-Z when not used. 4. AC and DC Characteristics Table 6 CLK Pin Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Units Input impedance Zin 80 - 120 kΩ Vin High, DC coupling at input V IH 2 - - V Vin Low, DC coupling at input V IL - - 0.8 V CLK amplitude, coupling at input V AC 0.5 - VDD Vp-p AC Note: See Input Reference Signal section. Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 5 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL 5. RF Characteristics Table 7 RF Characteristics Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Minimum Typical Maximum Units CLK Input Reference Frequency FREF External Reference 0.5 - 26 MHz fφ fφ= FREF/(Rdiv+1) 500 (2) - - kHz VCO Center Frequency Range FCEN - 2400 - 2800 MHz PLL Output Frequency Range FOUT - 1200 - 1400 MHz Phase Noise at 10 kHz offset Fout=1290 MHz fφ = 500 kHz FREF=26 MHz - -85 -75 dBc/Hz - Integrated Jitter - 100Hz to 100kHz - 2.4 4 ps Loop Bandwidth - Closed Loop - 50 - kHz H2 Second Harmonic - -26 -20 dBc Single output into 50 ohm - -1 - dBm Differential outputs combined in a balun - +5 - dBm PFD Update Frequency (1) Harmonic Suppression Maximum RFOUT Power Level Pout Output Power Tolerance ∆Pout - -3 - +3 dB Output Reference Spurs - Offset = 500 kHz - -67 - dBc Output Spurs - All other spurs - -67 - dBc To +/- 1 ppm precision - - 500 µs To LD pin rising edge - - 350 µs To +/- 1 ppm precision - - 750 µs To LD pin rising edge - - 625 µs SLEEPB falling - - 100 ns Hopping Time (3) across entire tuning range Power Up Request from SLEEPB rising (3) (input reference settled) Power Down Request to Synthesizer off Time thop tpup tpdn Notes: 1: Value of Rdiv is as programmed into the input divider 2: PFD update frequency should be maintained as close to 500 kHz as possible for optimum phase noise performance. Other divider values can be programmed to reduce the PFD update rate, but this is not recommended due to the internal loop bandwidth being preset @ 50kHz. 3: No SPI access should be performed during tpup or thop, while the VCO is being calibrated. Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 6 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL 6. Serial Interface: Slave SPI The device is configured with a serial microprocessor bus. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the timing diagrams of write and read accesses. The serial interface is SPI compatible with a 16-bit word. The serial interface clock (SCK) is not required to run between accesses (i.e., when CSB = 1). 6.1. Read Register To read the value of a configuration register the timing diagram below should be carefully followed by the uC. Figure 1. Read Register Timing When reading more than one register successively, it is not compulsory to toggle CSB back high between two cycles. The bytes are alternatively considered as address and value. MOSI: Master latches the address bit value on SCK falling edge and Slave samples the data on rising edge of SCK. MISO: Slave latches the register bit value on falling edge of SCK and Master samples the value on the next rising edge. Table 8 SPI Read Timings Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Fsck - - 20 MHz Setup MOSI valid to SCKrising edge tsdata 4 - - ns Setup CSB falling edge to SCKrising edge tscsb 14 - - ns Delay SCKfalling edge to MISO valid td1 - - 25 ns Delay CSBrising edge to MISO high-Z td2 - 25 - ns SCK Low time tcl 25 - - ns SCK High time tch 25 - - ns Hold MOSI valid after SCKrising edge thdata 6 - - ns Hold CSB Low after SCKrising edge thcsb 6 - - ns tp 25 - - ns SPI Clock Frequency Time between two accesses (CSBrising edge to CSBfalling edge) Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 7 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL 6.2. Write Register To write a value into a configuration register the timing diagram below should be carefully followed by the uC. Figure 2. SPI Write Timing Note that when writing more than one registers successively, it is not compulsory to toggle CSB back high between two cycles. The bytes are alternatively considered as address and value. In this instance, all new values will become effective on the rising edge of CSB. The Master latches the data on SCK falling edge and Slave samples the data on rising edge of SCK. MISO pin reflects the previous Write access. For the Write access, MISO stays low. MISO pin is tri-stated when CSB is high and when the device is in Sleep mode (SLEEPB is low). Table 9 SPI Write Timings Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Fsck - - 20 MHz Setup MOSI valid to SCKrising edge tsdata 4 - - ns Setup CSB falling edge to SCKrising edge tscsb 14 - - ns Delay SCKfalling edge to MISO valid td1 - - 25 ns Delay CSBrising edge to MISO high-Z td2 - 25 - ns SCK Low time tcl 25 - - ns SCK High time tch 25 - - ns Hold MOSI valid after SCKrising edge thdata 6 - - ns Hold CSB Low after SCKrising edge thcsb 6 - - ns tp 25 - - ns SPI Clock Frequency Time between two accesses (CSBrising edge to CSBfalling edge) Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 8 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING FINAL DATASHEET 7. Input Reference Signal The input reference signal of the PLL enters pin 2 CLK. To meet the phase noise performance of the synthesizer, the phase noise of the clock source (denoted PNCLK) at a 10 kHz distance of the carrier should be such that: PNCLK < -160 + 20.log(Rdiv+1) dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz A TCXO is an appropriate signal source at CLK input. Two different connection schemes are possible, depending of the type of source : CMOS output device : the source should be directly DC connected to the CLK input, and its levels should be compliant with the specification of Table 6. Sine or clipped sine output: AC coupling, through a 560pF capacitor, should be used. In this case a minimum swing of 0.5 volts triggers the divider input (see Table 6). 8. RF Frequency Setting The RF Output frequency is calculated from the following formula: Fout = Ndiv + 4800 * Rdiv + 1 2 Fref Where Ndiv is controlled in a 10-bit register and Rdiv in a 6-bit register to be programmed through the SPI interface. Fref is the input reference frequency, of the signal applied on pin 2 (CLK). Note that the recommended value of Fref Rdiv + 1 is 500 kHz, which allows for a minimum frequency step of 250 kHz. 9. Lock Detector and Squelch A lock detection signal is mapped to pin 16 LD. It can be used as an interrupt request signal to the external world. This signal can also be used to internally shut down the output buffers until the PLL gets locked. This squelch function can be inhibited by setting bit 3 at address 3 to “1” (default = “0”, squelch active). Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 9 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL 10. Registers Description The memory map of the registers is shown below. Internal Address Register D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Address byte Register Name 0x00 RegNDivLsb 0x00 R/W 0x01 RegNDivMsb 0x00 R/W 0x02 RegRDiv 0x00 R/W 0x03 RegGenCtrl 0x00 R/W NDiv[7:0] NDiv[9:8] RDiv[5:0] Squelch Cal_ mode Outp_config [1:0] Default Read value Write Table 10 Memory Map of Registers 10.1. RegNDivLsb Register This register is a read/write register. It configures the least significant 8-bits of Ndiv, the feedback divider ratio of the PLL. As writing RegNDivLsb triggers the calibration of the VCO, the user should first update RegNdivMsb, then configure RegNdivLsb if both need to be updated in a frequency hop. Doing this avoids wrong calibration sequences and extended lock times. 10.2. RegNDivMsb Register This register is a read/write register. Bits [1:0] configure the two most significant bits of Ndiv, the feedback divider ratio of the PLL. 10.3. RegRDiv Register This register is a read/write register. The five least significant bits configure the division factor of the Rdiv prescaler of the PLL. 10.4. RegGenCtrl Register This register is a read/write register to configure the output and calibration modes. Register Bits b[3] b[2] b[1:0] Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Description RF out upon Lock Detection: 0 : The RF output is enabled only when the PLL is locked (Default) 1 : The RF output is enabled whatever the Lock detector state. Calibration mode 0 : Writing to RegNDivLsb triggers calibration (Default) 1 : Writing to RegRDiv or RegNDivLsb triggers calibration Output Buffer Current 00 : Output current is 3.5 mA (Default) 01 : Output current is 5 mA 10 : Output current is 7.5 mA 11 : Output current is 11 mA Page 10 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING FINAL DATASHEET 11. Output Buffer The SX1781 device embeds a differential output buffer structure. Figure 3. Output Buffer Structure The output buffer structure described in Figure 3 allows using the SX1781 either single ended, or with the differential outputs combined in a balun, hence leading to a higher drive level. 11.1. Single Ended Configuration Cs Ls Out_P Lc 50 ohms Figure 4. Single-Ended Output Setting Figure 4 describes the single-ended output setting, enabling a typical output power of -1dBm in a reactive matched 50 ohm load, with the highest gain setting of the device. The choke inductor (denoted Lc) should be chosen to offer the highest impedance at the output frequency. Whenever using the chip in single-ended configuration, the unused complementary output should be terminated on a dissipative 50 ohms load. 11.2. Combined Differential Output If additional power is required on a single-ended 50 ohms output port, the user can combine Out_P and Out_N outputs. Typical output powers of up to +5dBm can hence be reached. To achieve this, the lumped-lattice balun configuration of Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 11 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FINAL Figure 5 offers the necessary bandwidth. Out_P and Out_N signal are shifted by +/- 90°, thus combining on the single ended load, hence increasing the output power. The series inductors denoted Lp help cancel the parasitic capacitance of the package connections and DC bias is provided via the choke inductor Lc. Lp Cb Out_P Lb Lp CL Cb Out_N Lb 50 ohms Lc The following lumped elements values have shown to offer a reasonable output power over the 1.2 - 1.4 GHz range: Label Value Unit Lp 4.7 nH Multilayer, its value sets the center frequency Lb 2.7 nH Multilayer Cb 3.3 pF COG Lc 47 nH Choke inductor, coil type Cl 22 pF AC link capacitor at 1.3 GHz Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Comment Page 12 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING FINAL DATASHEET 12. Application Schematics The SX1781 is typically used as a local Oscillator in a superheterodyne transmitter or receiver. Aerial RF port Mixer IF Output / Input Reference Signal SX1781T SPI Master Figure 5. Application Example Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 13 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING FINAL DATASHEET 13. Layout Information 13.1. Package Outline Drawing 13.2. Recommended land Pattern Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 14 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING FINAL DATASHEET 14. Revision Status / History The Revision Status, as shown in top right corner of the datasheet, may be DRAFT, PRELIMINARY, or FINAL, and refers to the status of the Device (not the datasheet), with the design cycle. DRAFT status is used when the design is being realized but is not yet physically available, and the datasheet content reflects the intention of the design. The datasheet is raised to PRELIMINARY status when initial prototype devices are physically available, and the datasheet content more accurately represents the realization of the design. The datasheet is only raised to FINAL status after the device has been fully characterized, and the datasheet content updated with measured, rather than simulated parameter values. Revision Reference Description of changes 1 14-Nov-08 First release of the Final version Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 15 www.semtech.com SX1781 PLL Frequency Synthesizer with integrated VCO ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING FINAL DATASHEET © Semtech 2008 All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Semtech assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any failure or unexpected operation resulting from misuse, neglect improper installation, repair or improper handling or unusual physical or electrical stress including, but not limited to, exposure to parameters beyond the specified maximum ratings or operation outside the specified range. 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Tel: +886 2 2748 3380 Fax: +886 2 2748 3390 EUROPE Semtech Ltd., Units 2 & 3, Park Court, Premier Way, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, Hampshire, SO51 9DN. Tel: +44 (0)1794 527 600 Fax: +44 (0)1794 527 601 ISO9001 CERTIFIED Rev 1 - November 2008 ©2008 Semtech Corp. Page 16 www.semtech.com