MICRF113 QwikRadio® ASK Transmitter General Description The MICRF113 is a high performance, easy to use, single chip ASK Transmitter IC for remote wireless applications in the 300 to 450MHz frequency band. This transmitter IC is a true “data-in, antenna-out” monolithic device. MICRF113 has three strong attributes: power delivery, operating voltage and operating temperature. In terms of power, the MICRF113 is capable of delivering +10 dBm into a 50Ω load. This power level enables a small form factor transmitter (lossy antenna) such as a key fob transmitter to operate near the maximum limit of transmission regulations. In terms of operating voltage, the MICRF113 operates from 1.8V to 3.6V. Many transmitter ICs in the same frequency band stop operating below 2.0V. The MICRF113 will work with most batteries to the end of their useful limits. In terms of operating temperature, the MICRF113 operates from -40°C to +85°C. The MICRF113 is easy to use. It requires a reference frequency (RF carrier frequency divided by 32 times) generated from a crystal with a few additional external parts to create a complete versatile transmitter. The MICRF113 operates with ASK/OOK (Amplitude Shift Keying/On-Off Keyed) UHF receiver types from wide-band super-regenerative radios to narrow-band, high performance super-heterodyne receivers. The MICRF113’s maximum ASK data rate is 10kbps (Manchester Encoding). The MICRF113 transmitter solution is ideal for industrial and consumer applications where simplicity and form factor are important. Features • • • • • • • Complete UHF transmitter Frequency range 300MHz to 450MHz Data rates up to 10kbps ASK Output Power to 10dBm Low external part count Low voltage operation (down to 1.8V) Operate with crystals or ceramic resonators Applications • • • • • Fan Controllers Remote Power Switches Multi-Media Remote Control Remote Sensor Data Links Infrared Transmitter Replacement Ordering Information Part Number MICRF113YM6 Temp. Range –40°C to +85°C Package SOT23-6 Typical Application Vdd C1 L1 680nH (470nH) 6.3V L2 82nH (150nH) L3 1 PCB ANTENNA 3 MICRF113 1 C3 10pF 50V 2 Vdd 3 PAOUT ASK VSS XTLIN Vdd XTLOUT 6 DATA 5 4 Y1 13.560MHz (9.84375 MHz) 2 C2 4.7pF (6.8pF) C4 18pF C5 18pF Figure 1. MICRF113 ASK Key Fob Design for 315 MHz and 433.92 MHz QwikRadio is a registered trademark of Micrel, Inc. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com June 2008 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Note: Values indicated in parentheses are for 315MHz Pin Configuration PAOUT 1 6 ASK VSS 2 5 XTLIN VDD 3 4 XTLOUT SOT-23-6 Pin Description Pin Number MSOP-6 Pin Name Pin Function 1 PA_OUT PA output 2 VSS Ground 3 VDD Voltage Drain Drain (Input): Positive Power Supply 4 XTLOUT 5 XTLIN 6 ASK June 2008 Crystal Out (Output): Reference oscillator output connection. Crystal In (Input): Reference oscillator input connection. ASK DATA Input 2 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) Operating Ratings (2) Supply Voltage VDD ...................................................+5.0V Voltage on PAOUT......................................................+7.2V Voltage on I/O Pins ............................ VSS–0.3 to VDD+0.3 Storage Temperature Range ....................-65°C to + 150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 seconds) ............ + 300°C ESD Rating..................................................................2KV(3) Supply Voltage VDD ........................................ 1.8V to 3.6V Ambient Operating Temperature (TA) ........ –40°C to +85°C Programmable Transmitter Frequency Range ....................................................... 300MHz to 450MHz Electrical Characteristics(4) Specifications apply for VDD = 3.0V, TA = 25°C, FreqREFOSC = 13.560MHz, EN = VDD. Bold values indicate –40°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted. 1kbps data rate 50% duty cycle. RL 50ohm load (matched) Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units Power Supply Mark Supply Current ION SPACE supply current, IOFF @ 315MHz, POUT = +10dBm 12.3 mA @ 433.92MHz, POUT = +10dBm 12.5 mA @ 315MHz 2 mA @ 433.92 MHz 2 mA 10 dBm RF Output Section and Modulation Limits: Output power level, POUT ASK "mark" @315MHz (4) 10 dBm Harmonics output for 315 MHz @ 630MHz (4) 2nd harm. -39 dBc (4) -53 dBc @433.92MHz @945MHz (4) 3rd harm. @ 867.84MHz Harmonics output for 433.92 MHz (4) 2nd harm. -55 dBc @1301.76MHz (4) 3rd harm. -55 dBc 70 dBc Extinction ratio for ASK ASK Modulation Data Rate 10 @315MHz Occupied Bandwidth (6) @433.92MHz (6) kbps <700 kHz <1000 kHz VCO Section 315 MHz Single Side Band Phase Noise @ 100kHz from Carrier -76 dBc/Hz @ 1000kHz from Carrier -79 dBc/Hz 433.92 MHz Single Side Band Phase Noise @ 100kHz from Carrier -72 dBc/Hz @ 1000kHz from Carrier -81 dBc/Hz Reference Oscillator Section XTLIN, XTLOUT Pin capacitance 2 pF External Capacitance See Schematic C17 & C18 18 pF Crystal: HC49S 300 µs VDD transition from LOW to HIGH 500 µs (5) Oscillator Startup Time Digital / Control Section Output Blanking June 2008 3 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Electrical Characteristics (continued) Parameter Digital Input ASK Pin Digital Input Leakage Current ASK Pin Condition Min High (VIH) 0.8×VDD Typ Max Units 0.2×VDD V V Low (VIL) High (VIH) 0.05 µA Low (VIL) 0.05 µA 1.6 V Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO) Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. 4. Measured using Test Circuit in Figure 2. 5. Dependent on crystal 6. RBW = 100kHz, OBW measured at -20dBc. June 2008 4 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Test Circuit SMA-1 L1 39nH C103 100pF O/P VDD 5 GND L101 50-8000MHz 1 2 I/P K10-A 8 1 2 AGND_SNS 3 DV19_1S_VDD ASK MICRF113 SOT-6 PAOUT ASK VSS XTLIN VDD XTLOUT 6 R101 10K K1-A DDD7_2_ASK 5 4 Y1 K1-B K6-A 13.56MHz Y2 DV19_1S_VDD C6 10µF C5 0.1µF K8-B C4 10pF C19 10pF 9.84MHz K8-A C20 10pF Figure 2. MICRF113 Test Circuit June 2008 5 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 MICRF113 PCB Layout Recommendations Top Layer MICRF113 50 Ohm Test Board Assembly Drawing MICRF113 50 Ohm Test Board Bottom Layer MICRF113 50 Ohm Test Board June 2008 6 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Typical Characteristics Using MICRF113, 50Ω test Board 315MHz OBW, ASK = 1kHz 315Mhz OBW, ASK = 10kHz CW Max Power @ 3V, 315MHz, ASK = 1kHz, Note 1 RF Spectrum 2 Harmonic; Fundamental at 315 MHz RF Spectrum 3rd Harmonic; Fundamental at 315 MHz 315MHz, Power Level at Space, VDD = 3.0V, ASK = 1kHz, -62dBm nd Note 1. 1.2dB cable loss. June 2008 7 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. June 2008 MICRF113 315MHz, Zero Span , ASK = 1kHz 315MHz, Zero Span, ASK = 10kHz 315MHz, Phase Noise, ASK = 1kHz, 100kHz Offset, –75.59dBc/Hz 315MHz, Phase Noise, ASK = 1khz, 1MHz Offset, –78.99dBc/Hz 315MHz, Phase Noise, ASK = CW, 100kHz Offset, –70.96dBc/Hz 315MHz, Phase Noise, ASK = CW, 1MHz Offset, –76.72dBc/Hz 8 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 433.92MHz OBW, ASK = 1kHz 433.92MHz OBW, ASK = 10kHz 433.92MHz, CW Max Power @ 3V, ASK = 1kHz, Note 1 RF Spectrum 2nd Harmonic; Fundamental at 433.92 MHz RF Spectrum 3rd Harmonic; Fundamental at 433.92 MHz 433.92MHz Power Level at Space, VDD = 3.0V, ASK = 1kHz, -52dBm Note: 1.3dB cable loss. June 2008 9 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. June 2008 MICRF113 433.92MHz Zero Span, 1kHz 433.92ASK Zero Span at 10kHz 433.92MHz Phase Noise, ASK = CW, 100kHz Offset, –81.73dBc/Hz 433.92MHz Phase Noise, ASK = CW, 1MHz Offset, –78.49dBc/Hz 433.92MHz Phase Noise, ASK = 1kHz, 100kHz Offset, –71.64dBc/Hz 433.92MHz Phase Noise, ASK = 1kHz, 1MHz Offset, –79.4dBc/Hz 10 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Functional Diagram PLL X 32 XTLOUT XTLIN XTAL Osc. PFD Divider PA PAOUT Charge Pump VCO Lock Enable Control Amplitude ASK Under Voltage Detect VDD VSS Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram MICRF113 Functional Description Crystal Oscillator Parameters for ASK Operation Figure 4 shows a reference oscillator circuit configuration for ASK operation. The reference oscillator is capable of driving crystals with ESR range from 20Ω to 300Ω. Figure 3 is a functional block diagram of the MICRF113 transmitter. The MICRF113 is best described as a phase locked transmitter. The MICRF113 system is partitioned into five functional blocks: • • • • • When the ESR of crystal is at 20Ω, the crystal parameter limits are: Crystal oscillator PLL×32 Power amplifier Enable control Under voltage detection ESR 20Ω Cpar 2 to 10pF Cmo 10 to 40fF Crystal Oscillator The reference oscillator is crystal-based Pierce configuration, designed to accept crystals with frequency from 9.375MHz to 14.0625MHz. June 2008 11 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 CRYSTAL MODEL Enable Control Enable control gates the ASK data. It only allows transmission when Lock, Amplitude and Under Voltage Detect conditions are valid. XTLOUT ESR CLOAD CMO Under Voltage Detect “Under voltage detect” block senses operating voltage. If the operating voltage falls below 1.6V, “under voltage detect” block will send a signal to “enable control” block to disable the PA. VSS CPAR CLOAD XTLIN MICRF113 ASK Figure 4. Reference Oscillator ASK Operation When the ESR of crystal is at 300Ω, the crystal parameter limits are: ESR 300Ω CPAR 2 to 5pF CMO 10 to 40fF CLOAD 10 to 30pF PLL ×32 The function of PLL×32 is to provide a stable carrier frequency for transmission. It is a “divide by 32” phase locked loop oscillator. Power Amplifier The power amplifier serves two purposes: 1) to buffer the VCO from external elements and 2) to amplify the phase locked signal. The power amplifier can produce +10dBm at 3V (typical). June 2008 12 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 . Application Information Vdd C2 100pF 50V R7 MICRF113YM6 4 C15 NP 1nF 5 REFOSC 6 DATA XTLOUT VDD XTLIN VSS ASK PAOUT L1 820nH (470nH) 3 2 C5 12pF 50V (10pF 50V) 13.560MHz (9.4375MHz) C13 18pF C16 NP 1 Y1 R2 100k C10 0.1 F 50V C1 10 F 6.3V C12 NP (4.7 F/ 6.3V/ 0805) C14 18pF C11 NP L4 68nH (150nH) C6 NP C7 4.7pF (6.8pF) 1 L5 ANTENNA 3 2 Figure 6. ASK 433.92MHz and (315MHz) Notes: 1. Components labeled NP are not placed. 2. Values without parentheses are for 433.92 MHz and values in parentheses are for 315MHz. 3. Value of R7 is selected to vary the output power. The MICRF113 is well suited to drive a 50-ohm source, monopole or a loop antenna. Figure 6 is an example of a loop antenna configuration. Figure 6 also shows both 315MHz and 433.92MHz ASK configurations for a loop antenna. Besides using a different crystal, Table 1 lists modified values needed for the listed frequencies. Frequency (MHz) L1 (nH) C5 (pF) L4 (nH) C7 (pF) Y1 (MHz) 315.0 470 10 150 6.8 9.84375 433.92 820 12 68 4.7 13.5600 Power Amplitude Control Using External Resistor R7 is used to adjust the RF amplitude output levels which may be needed to meet compliance regulation. As an example, the following tables list typical values of conducted RF output levels and corresponding R7 resistor values for the 50-ohm test board, as shown in Figure 2. R7 of the TX113-1C Demo board using the loop antenna can be adjusted for the appropriate radiated field allowed by FCC or ETSI compliance. Contact Micrel for suggested R7 values to meet FCC and ETSI compliances. Table 1 The reference design shown in Figure 6 has an antenna optimized for using the matching network as described in Table 1. June 2008 13 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 RF Output Response as a Function of VDD and ASK R7, Ω Output Power, dBm IDD, mA 0 10 6.7 75 8.5 6.3 100 8.0 6.2 500 1.6 4.13 1000 -3.8 4.87 Output Power Versus External Resistor at 315MHz R7, Ω Output Power, dBm IDD, mA 0 8.68 7.5 75 8.34 7.33 100 8.02 7.3 500 4.34 6.3 1000 0.42 5.5 Figure 7. RF Output Response (VDD and ASK) Output Matching Network Part of the function of the output network is to attenuate the second and third harmonics. When matching to a transmit frequency, care must be taken both to optimize for maximum output power, and to attenuate unwanted harmonics. Output Power Versus External Resistor at 433.92 MHz Output Power ON-OFF Control There are two ways to enable the PA output power. First, by supplying the ASK signal with VDD applied continuously, resulting in a Mark and Space RF output condition. A second method involves applying both VDD and ASK synchronously. The second method allows for longer battery usage since the battery is disconnected during non-activation. Figure 7 shows the RF output time response since VDD and the ASK are applied to the MICRF113. The RF output response, as a function of VDD, is typically less then 1.25mSec. This measurement was done using the circuitry shown in Figure 2. Layout Issues PCB Layout is a primary concern for achieving optimum performance and consistent manufacturing results. Care must used with the orientation of components to ensure that they do not couple or decouple the RF signal. PCB trace length should be short to minimize parasitic inductance (1 inch ~ 20nH). For example, depending upon inductance values, a 0.5 inch trace can change the inductance by as much as 10%. To reduce parasitic inductance, the practice of using wide traces and a ground plane under the signal traces is recommended. Vias with low value inductance should be used for components requiring a connection-to-ground. Note: The ASK signal should never be applied before VDD. Antenna Layout Directivity is affected by antenna trace layout. No ground plane should be under the antenna trace. For consistent performance, components should not be placed inside the loop of the antenna. Gerber formats (see Figure 8, for a suggested layout) can be obtained from the Micrel web site at: http://www.micrel.com. June 2008 14 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 PCB Board Top Layer Assembly Drawing MICRF113 Demo Board MICRF113 Demo Board Bottom Layer MICRF113 Demo Board Figure 8. Demo Board PCB June 2008 15 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Vdd R7 Vdd MICRF113YM6 4 C15 NP 1nF 5 REFOSC 6 DATA XTLOUT VDD XTLIN VSS ASK PAOUT L1 820nH (470nH) 3 2 C13 18pF C5 12pF 50V (10pF 50V) 13.560MHz (9.4375MHz) C12 NP (4.7 F/ 6.3V/ 0805) C14 18pF J1 1.8V to 3.6V 1 GROUND 2 DATA 3 C1 10 F 6.3V C10 0.1 F 50V C16 NP 1 Y1 R2 100k C2 100pF 50V C11 NP L4 68nH (150nH) C6 NP C7 4.7pF (6.8pF) 1 L5 ANTENNA 3 2 J2 Vdd EXTERNAL REF-OSC 1 GROUND 2 DATA CON 3 REFOSC CON 2 Figure 9. TX113-1c Demo Board Schematic Notes: 1. Components labeled NP are not placed. 2. Values without parentheses are for 433.92 MHz and values in parentheses are for 315MHz. 3. Value of R7 is selected to vary the output power. June 2008 16 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 schematic of the TX113-1c. Note that components labeled as NP (not placed) can be used to obtain different configurations. Table 2 describes each header pin connector used in the demo board. Functional Description of TX113-1 Evaluation Board. Figure 8 shows the TX113-1c Demo Board PCB layout and assembly (Gerber format). Figure 9 is a detailed Pin Function Name Functional Description J1-1 VDD 1.8V to 3.6V input voltage J1-2 VSS Ground J1-3 ASK Modulating Data Input J2-1 REF-OSC External Reference Oscillator Input J2-2 VSS Ground Table 2 TX113-1-433.92 ASK Bill of Materials Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Quantity 1 1 1 Ref C1 C2 C5 Part 10µF 100pF 12pF PCB Footprint 0805 0603 0603 Mfg P/N GRM21BR60J106KE01L GRM1885C1H101JA01D GRM1885C1H100JA01D Manufacturer muRata muRata muRata 3 1 C6,C11,C16 C7 (NP) 4.7pF 0603 GRM1885C1H4R7JA01D muRata 2 1 1 1 C13,C14 J1 L1 L4 18pF CON3 820nH 68nH 0603 muRata 0805 0603 12 13 1 1 L5 R2 ANTENNA 100kΩ 0603 GRM1885C1H180JA01D TSHR-114-S-02-A-GT 0805CS-680XJB 0603CS-082NXJB ANTENNA LOOP, Part of PCB CRCW0603100KFKEA 14 13 14 1 1 1 R7 U1 Y1 0Ω MICRF113YMM6 13.560MHZ XTAL 0603 CRC06030000Z0EA MICRF113YMM6 SA-13.5600-F-10-C-3-3 Coilcraft Coilcraft Vishay Vishay Micrel HIB Table 3 June 2008 17 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Tx113-1-315MHz ASK Bill of Materials PCB Footprint 0805 0603 0603 Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Quantity 1 1 1 Ref C1 C2 C5 Part 10µF 100pF 10pF 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 C6,C11,C16 C7 C10 C13,C14 J1,J2 L1 L4 (np) 6.8pF 0.1µF 18pF CON3 470nH 150nH 12 13 14 13 1 1 1 1 L5 R2 R7 U1 14 1 Y1 ANTENNA 100kΩ 0Ω MICRF113YMM6 9.84375MHZ XTAL 0603 0603 0603 0805 0603 0603 0603 Mfg P/N GRM21BR60J106KE01L GRM1885C1H101JA01D GRM1885C1H1000JA01D Manufacturer muRata muRata muRata GRM1885C1H6R8JA01D GRM188F51H104ZA01D GRM1885C1H180JA01D TSHR-114-S-02-A-GT 0805CS-470XJB 0603CS-R15XJB ANTENNA LOOP, Part of PCB CRCW0603100KFKEA CRC06030000Z0EA MICRF113YMM6 muRata muRata muRata SA-9.84375-F-10-C-3-3 Coilcraft Coilcraft Vishay Vishay Micrel HIB Table 4 June 2008 18 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF113 Package Information 6-Pin Sot Package Type (YM6) Notes: 1. Dimensions and tolerances are in accordance with ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. Package surface to be mirror finish. 3. Die is facing up for mold. Die is facing down for trim/form, that is, reverse trim/form. 4. The footlength measuring is based on the gauge plane method. 5 Dimensions are exclusive of mold flash and gate burr. MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is at Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2008 Micrel, Incorporated. June 2008 19 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. June 2008 MICRF113 20 M9999-060208 (408) 944-0800