L6376 0.5 A high-side driver quad intelligent power switch Features ■ Multipower BCD technology ■ 0.5 A four independent outputs ■ 9.5 to 35 V supply voltage range ■ Internal current limit ■ Non-dissipative over-current protection ■ Thermal shutdown ■ Under voltage lockout with hysteresys ■ Diagnostic output for under voltage, over temperature and over current ■ External asynchronous reset input ■ Presettable delay for overcurrent ■ Diagnostic ■ Open ground protection ■ Immunity against burst transient (IEC 61000-4-4) ■ PowerSO-20 Description This device is a monolithic quad intelligent power switch in multipower BCD technology, for driving inductive, capacitive or resistive loads. Diagnostic for CPU feedback and extensive use of electrical protections make this device inherently indistructible and suitable for general purpose industrial applications. Table 1. ESD protection (human body model ± 2 kV) Figure 1. Device summary Order codes Package Packaging L6376D PowerSO-20 Tube L6376D013TR PowerSO-20 Tape and reel Block diagram 220nF 22nF VS VS VCP VC VP VS CHARGE PUMP VCP I1 GND RS CURRENT LIMIT + OVC DRIVER - O1 UV SHORT CIRCUIT CONTROL I2 + - I3 + I4 + O2 - O3 - R O4 + OFF OSC 1.25V DIAG OVT OFF DELAY CDOFF UV ON DELAY ON OSC CDON D94IN076C March 2008 Rev 6 1/18 www.st.com 18 Contents L6376 Contents 1 Maximum rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Pin connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Thermal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 Overtemperature protection (OVT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6 Undervoltage protection (UV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7 Diagnostic logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8 Short circuit operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9 Programmable diagnostic delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 10 Reset input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 11 Demagnetization of inductive loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 13 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2/18 L6376 1 Maximum rating Maximum rating Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol Pin Vs 6 Vi Iout Vout Unit Supply voltage (tw ≤ 10 ms) 50 V Supply voltage (DC) 40 V internally limited Externally forced voltage -0.3 to 7 V Externally forced current ±1 mA ±2 mA -0.3 to 40 V 16, 17 Iid Ii Value Difference between supply voltage and output voltage Vs - Vout Vid Parameter 12, 13, Channel input current (forced) 14, 15, Channel input voltage 18 2, 3, 8, Output current (see also Isc) 9 Output voltage internally limited internally limited Eil Energy inductive load (TJ =125 °C); each channel Ptot Power dissipation internally limited External voltage -0.3 to Vs+0.7 V Vdiag 200 mJ 19 Idiag Externally forced current -10 to 10 mA Top Ambient temperature, operating range -25 to 85 °C TJ Junction temperature, operating range (see overtemperature protection) -25 to 125 °C Storage temperature -55 to 150 °C Tstg 3/18 Pin connections 2 L6376 Pin connections Figure 2. Pin connections (top view) GND 1 20 GND O4 2 19 DIAG O3 3 18 R VP 4 17 OFF DELAY VC 5 16 ON DELAY VS 6 15 I4 VCP 7 14 I3 O2 8 13 I2 O1 9 12 I1 10 11 GND GND D95IN217 Table 3. 4/18 Pin description N# Pin name Function 6 VS Positive supply voltage. An internal circuit, monitoring the supply voltage, maintains the IC in OFF-state until VS reaches 9 V or when VS falls under 8.5 V. The diagnostic is availlable since VS = 5 V. 7 VCP Switch driver supply. To minimize the output drop voltage, a supply of about 10 V higher than VS is required. In order to use the built-in charge pump, connect a filter capacitor from pin1 to pin. The suggested value assures a fast transition and a low supply ripple even in worse condition. Using the four channels contemporarily, values less than 68 nF have to be avoided. 2, 3, 8, 9 O1, O2, O3, O4 High side outputs. Four independently controlled outputs with built-in current limitation. 1, 10, 11, 20 GND Ground and power dissipating pins. These pins are connected to the bulk ground of the IC, so are useful for heat dissipation. 12,13, 14, 15 Control inputs. Four independent control signals. The output is held OFF I1, I2, I3, I4 until the voltage at the corresponding input pin reaches 1.35 V and is turned OFF when the voltage at the pin goes below 1.15 V. 16 Programmable ON duration in short circuit. If an output is short circuited to ground or carryng a current exceeding the limit, the output is turned OFF and the diagnostic activation are delayed. This procedure allows the driving ON DELAY of hard surge current loads. The delay is programmed connecting a capacitor (50 pF to 15 nF) versus ground with the internal time constant of 1.28 µs/pF. The function can be disabled short circuiting this pin to ground. 17 OFF DELAY Programmable OFF duration in short circuit. After the short circuit or overcurrent detection, the switch is held OFF before the next attempt to switch on again. The delay is programmed connecting a capacitor (50 pF to 15 nF) versus ground with the internal time constant of 1.28 µs/pF. Short circuiting this pin to ground the OFF delay is 64 times the ON delay. 18 R Asyncronous reset input. This active low input (with hysteresis), switch off all the outputs independently from the input signal. By default it is biased low. L6376 Pin connections Table 3. Pin description (continued) N# Pin name Function 19 DIAG Diagnostic output. This open drain output reports the IC working condition. The bad condition (as undervoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature) turns the output low. 5 VC Pump oscillator voltage. At this pin is available the built-in circuitry to supply the switch driver at about 10 V higher than VS. To use this feature, connect a capacitor across pin 4 and pin 5. The suggested value assures a fast transition and a minimum output drop voltage even in worse condition. Using the four channels contemporarily, values less than 6.8 nF have to be avoided. 4 VP Bootstrapped voltage. At this pin is available the 11 V oscillation for the charge pump, at a typical frequency of 200 kHz. 5/18 Thermal characteristics 3 Thermal characteristics Table 4. Symbol Note: 6/18 L6376 Thermal data Parameter Value Unit RthJA Thermal resistance, junction to ambient (see thermal characteristics) 50 °C/W RthJC Thermal resistance junction-case 1.5 °C/W Additional data on the PowerSO-20 can be found in Application note AN668 L6376 4 Electrical characteristics Electrical characteristics Table 5. Symbol Electrical characteristcs (Vs = 24 V; TJ = -25 to 125 °C; unless otherwise specified.) Pin# Parameter Test condition Min Typ Max Unit Supply voltage 9.5 24 35 V UV upperthreshold 8.5 9 9.5 V UV hysteresis 200 500 800 mV 3 5 mA 0 0.8 V 2 40 V DC operation Vs Vsth 6 Vshys Iqsc Quiescent current Vil Input low level Vih Ibias Input high level 12,13, 14,15, Input bias current 18 Outputs ON, no load Vi = 0 V -5 -1 0 µA Vi = 40 V 0 5 20 µA 100 200 400 mV Vihys Input comparators hysteresis Θlim OVT upper threshold 150 ΘH Threshold hysteresis 20 30 °C 0.9 1.2 A Iout = 500 mA; TJ = 25 °C 320 500 mV Iout = 500 mA; TJ = 125 °C 460 640 mV 100 µA 52 57 V 0.8 1.5 V Short circuit current Isc 2, 3, 8, 9 Output voltage drop Vs = 9.5 to 35 V; Rl = 2 Ω 0.65 °C Iolk Output leakage current Vo = 0 V; Vi < 0.8 V Vcl Internal voltage clamp (Vs-Vo each output) Io = 100 mA single pulsed Tp = 300 µs Vol Low state output voltage Vi = Vil; RL = ∞ Idlkg Diagnostic output leakage Diagnostic off 25 µA Diagnostic output voltage drop 1.5 V 19 Vdiag Idch 16, 17 Delay capacitors charge current 47 Idiag = 5 mA 40 µA 7/18 Electrical characteristics Table 5. Symbol L6376 Electrical characteristcs (continued) (Vs = 24 V; TJ = -25 to 125 °C; unless otherwise specified.) Pin# Parameter Test condition Min Typ Max Unit AC operation tr -tf td dV/dt 2, 3, 8, Rise or fall time 9 12 vs 9 13 vs 8 Delay time 14 vs 3 15 vs 2 2, 3, 8, Slew rate 9 (Rise and fall edge) tON 16 On time during short circuit condition tOFF 17 Off time during short circuit condition fmax Vs = 24 V; Rl = 47 Ω Rl to ground Vs = 24 V; Rl = 47 Ω Rl to ground Rise Fall 50 pF < CDON < 15 nF pin 13 grounded 50 pF < CDOFF< 15 nF Maximum operating frequency 3 4 3.8 µs 1 µs 5 7.6 7 10 V/µs V/µs 1.28 µs/pF 64 tON 1.28 µs/pF 25 kHz Source drain ndmos diode Forward on voltage Ifsd = 500 mA Ifp Forward peak current tp = 10 ms; duty cycle = 20 % trr Reverse recovery time Ifsd = 500 mA; dIfsd/dt = 25 A/ms tfr Forward recovery time Vfsd 8/18 1 1.5 V 1.5 A 200 ns 50 ns L6376 Electrical characteristics Figure 3. Undervoltage comparator hysteresis Vshys Vsth Figure 4. D94IN126A Vs Switching waveforms Vin 50% 50% td t td Vout 90% 90% 50% 50% 10% 10% tr tf D94IN127A t 9/18 Overtemperature protection (OVT) 5 L6376 Overtemperature protection (OVT) If the chip temperature exceeds Θlim (measured in a central position in the chip) the chip deactivates itself. The following actions are taken: ● all the output stages are switched off; ● the signal DIAG is activated (active low). Normal operation is resumed as soon as (typically after some seconds) the chip temperature monitored goes back below Θlim-ΘH. The different thresholds with hysteretic behavior assure that no intermittent conditions can be generated. 6 Undervoltage protection (UV) The supply voltage is expected to range from 9.5 V to 35 V, even if its reference value is considered to be 24 V. In this range the device operates correctly. Below 9.5 V the overall system has to be considered not reliable. Consequently the supply voltage is monitored continuously and a signal, called UV, is internally generated and used. The signal is “on” as long as the supply voltage does not reach the upper internal threshold of the Vs comparator Vsth. The UV signal disappears above Vsth. Once the UV signal has been removed, the supply voltage must decrease below the lower threshold (i.e. Vsth-Vshys) before it is turned on again. The hysteresis Vshys is provided to prevent intermittent operation of the device at low supply voltages that may have a superimposed ripple around the average value. The UV signal switches off the outputs, but has no effect on the creation of the reference voltages for the internal comparators, nor on the continuous operation of the charge-pump circuits. 7 Diagnostic logic The situations that are monitored and signalled with the DIAG output pin are: ● current limit (OVC) in action; there are 4 individual current limiting circuits, one per each output; they limit the current that can be sunk from each output, to a typical value of 800 mA, equal for all of them; ● under voltage (UV); ● over temperature protection (OVT). The diagnostic signal is transmitted via an open drain output (for ease of wired-or connection of several such signals) and a low level represents the presence of at least one of the monitored conditions, mentioned above. 10/18 L6376 8 Short circuit operation Short circuit operation In order to allow normal operation of the other inputs when one channel is in short cirtuit, an innovative non dissipative over current protection (patent pending) is implemented in the device. Figure 5. Short circuit operation waveforms OUTPUT CURRENT Isc Iout t<tON DIAG (active low) Short Circuit tON tOFF tON Time tOFF Short Circuit D94IN105 Time In this way, the temperature of the device is kept enough low to prevent the intervention of the thermal protection (in most of the cases) and so to avoid the shut down of the whole device. If a short circuit condition is present on one output, the current limiting circuit puts that channel in linear mode — sourcing the ISC current (typically 800 mA) — for a time period (tON) defined by an external capacitor (CDON connected to the ON DELAY pin). After that period, if the short circuit condition is still present the output is turned off for another time period (tOFF) defined by a second external capacitor (CDOFF connected to the OFF DELAY pin). When also this period is expired: ● if the short circuit condition is still present the output stays on for the tON period and the sequence starts again; ● if the short circuit condition is not present anymore the normal operation of the output is resumed. The tON and tOFF periods are completely independent and can be set from 64 µs to 15 µs, using external capacitors ranging from 50 pF to 15 nF (1.28 µs/pF). If the OFF DELAY pin is tied to ground (i.e. the CDOFF capacitor is not used) the tOFF time period is 64 times the tON period. The diagnostic output (DIAG) is active when the output is switched off, while it is not active when the output is on (i.e. during the tON period) even if in that period a short circuit condition is present. 11/18 Programmable diagnostic delay L6376 Typical waveforms for short circuit operation are shown in Figure 5. If both the ON DELAY and the OFF DELAY pins are grounded the non dissipative over current protection is inhibited and the outputs in short circuit remain on until the thermal shutdown switch OFF the whole device. In this case the short circuit condition is not signalled by the DIAG pin (that continues to signal the under voltage and over temperature conditions). 9 Programmable diagnostic delay The current limiting circuits can be requested to perform even in absence of a real fault condition, for a short period, if the load is of capacitive nature or if it is a filament lamp (that exhibits a very low resistance during the initial heating phase). To avoid the forwarding of misleading — i.e. short diagnostic pulses in coincidence with the intervention of the current limiting circuits when operating on capacitive loads — the activation of the diagnostic can be delayed with respect to the intervention of one of the current limiting circuits. This delay can be defined by an external capacitor (CDON) connected between the ON DELAY pin and ground. 10 Reset input An external reset input R (pin 18) is provided to simultaneously switch OFF all the outputs: this signal (active low) is in effect an asynchronous reset that keeps the outputs low independently from the input signals. For example, this reset input can be used by the CPU to keep the outputs low after a fault condition (signaled by the DIAG pin). 12/18 L6376 11 Demagnetization of inductive loads Demagnetization of inductive loads The device has four internal clamping diodes able to demagnetize inductive loads. The limitation is the peak power dissipation of the packages, so — if the loads are big or if there is the possibility to demagnetize more loads contemporarly — it is necessary to use external demagnetization circuits. In Figure 7 and Figure 8 are shown two topologies for the demagnetization versus ground and versus VS. The breakdown voltage of the external device (VZ) must be chosen considering the minimum internal clamping voltage (Vcl) and the maximum supply voltage (VS). Figure 6. Input comparator hysteresis Vout 100mV 100mV Vs 1.25V Figure 7. D94IN131 Vi External demagnetization circuit (versus ground) VS VCP RS CURRENT LIMIT OVC DRIVER O1 UV SHORT CIRCUIT CONTROL O2 O3 O4 D94IN109 VZ VZ < Vcl (min) - VS (max) 13/18 Demagnetization of inductive loads Figure 8. L6376 External demagnetization circuit (versus VS) VS VS VCP RS CURRENT LIMIT VZ OVC DRIVER O1 UV SHORT CIRCUIT CONTROL O2 O3 O4 D94IN110A VS (max) < VZ < Vcl (min) 14/18 L6376 12 Package mechanical data Package mechanical data In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect . The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com Table 6. PowerSO-20 mechanical data mm inch Dim. Min Typ A a1 Max Min Typ 3.6 0.1 0.142 0.3 a2 Max 0.004 0.012 3.3 0.130 a3 0 0.1 0.000 0.004 b 0.4 0.53 0.016 0.021 c 0.23 0.32 0.009 0.013 D (1) 15.8 16 0.622 0.630 D1 (2) 9.4 9.8 0.370 0.386 E 13.9 14.5 0.547 0.570 e 1.27 0.050 e3 11.43 0.450 E1 (1) 10.9 11.1 E2 0.429 0.437 2.9 0.114 E3 5.8 6.2 0.228 0.244 G 0 0.1 0.000 0.004 H 15.5 15.9 0.610 0.626 h L 1.1 0.8 0.043 1.1 0.031 N 8°(typ.) S 8°(max. ) T 10 0.043 0.394 15/18 Package mechanical data Figure 9. L6376 Package dimensions N R N a2 b A e DETAIL A c a1 DETAIL B E e3 H DETAIL A lead D slug a3 DETAIL B 20 11 0.35 Gage Plane -C- S SEATING PLANE L G E2 E1 BOTTOM VIEW C (COPLANARITY) T E3 1 h x 45˚ 1 0 PSO20MEC D1 0056635 I 16/18 L6376 13 Revision history Revision history Table 7. Document revision history Date Revision Changes September 2003 5 First issue in EDOCS dms. 03-Mar-2008 6 Modified: Removed obsolete package DIP-20 17/18 L6376 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. 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