STCF03I High power white LED driver with I²C interface Features ■ Buck-boost DC/DC converter ■ Drives one power white LED up to: 800 mA between 3.3 V to 5.5 V 600 mA between 2.7 V to 5.5 V ■ Efficiency up to 92% ■ Output current control ■ 1.8 MHz typ fixed frequency PWM ■ Synchronous rectification ■ Full I²C control ■ Operational modes: Shutdown mode ■ Ready mode + auxiliary red LED Ready mode + NTC Flash mode: up to 800 mA Torch mode: up to 200 mA TFBGA25 (3x3) Applications Cell phone and smart phones ■ Camera flashes/strobe ■ PDAs and digital still cameras Description ■ Soft and hard triggering of flash ■ Flash and torch dimming with 16 exponential values ■ Dimmable red LED indicator auxiliary output ■ Internally or externally timed flash operation ■ Digitally programmable safety time-out in flash mode ■ LED overtemperature detection and protection with external NTC resistor The STCF03I is a high efficiency power supply solution to drive a single flash LED in camera phone, PDAs and other hand-held devices. It is a buck - boost converter to guarantee a proper LED current control over all possible conditions of battery voltage and output voltage; the output current control ensures a good current regulation over the forward voltage spread characteristics of the flash LED. ■ Opened and shorted LED failure detection and protection ■ Chip over temperature detection and protection ■ < 1 µA Shutdown current ■ Package (3x3 mm) TFBGA25 Table 1. ■ Thanks to the high efficiency of the converter, the input current taken from the battery remains under 1.5 A. All the functions of the device are controlled through the I²C bus which helps to reduce logic pins on the package and to save PCB tracks on the board. (See 1: Description (continued)) Device summary Order code Package Packaging STCF03ITBR TFBGA25 (3x3 mm) 3000 parts per reel September 2008 Rev 5 1/33 www.st.com 33 STCF03I Contents 1 Description (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 Pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8 2/33 7.1 Buck-Boost converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.2 Logic pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.2.1 SCL, SDA pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.2.2 TRIG pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.2.3 ATN pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.2.4 ADD pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.2.5 TMSK pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.3 I²C bus interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.4 Data validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.5 Start and stop conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.6 Byte format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7.7 Acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7.8 Writing to a single register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7.9 Interface protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7.10 Writing to multiple registers with incremental addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7.11 Reading from a single register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7.12 Reading from multiple registers with incremental addressing . . . . . . . . . 19 Description of internal registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8.1 PWR_ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8.2 TRIG_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 STCF03I 9 8.3 TCH_ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8.4 NTC_ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8.5 FTIM_0~3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.6 TDIM_0~3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.7 FDIM_0~3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.8 AUXI_0~3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.9 AUXT_0~3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.10 F_RUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 8.11 LED_F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 8.12 NTC_W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 8.13 NTC_H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 8.14 OT_F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 8.15 VOUTOK_N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Detailed description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 9.1 PowerON reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 9.2 Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 9.3 Ready mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 9.4 Single or multiple Flash using external (µP) temporization . . . . . . . . . . . 25 9.5 External (µP) temporization using TRIG_EN bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 9.6 Single Flash using internal temporization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 9.7 Multiple Flash using internal temporization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 10 Typical performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 11 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 12 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3/33 List of tables STCF03I List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. 4/33 Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Absolute maximum ratings (see Note:). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 List of external components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Address table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Interface protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 I²C register mapping function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Command register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Dimming register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Auxiliary register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Auxiliary LED dimming table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Torch mode and Flash mode dimming registers settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Status register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Status register details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 List of figures STCF03I List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. 5/33 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Pin connections (bottom view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Procedure for assigning a non-default I²C address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Data validity on the I²C Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Timing diagram on I²C Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Bit transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Acknowledge on I²C bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Writing to a single register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Writing to multiple registers with incremental addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Reading from a single register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Reading from multiple registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Flash and Torch current vs. dimming value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 VOUTOK_N behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Flash current vs F_DIMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Torch current vs T_DIMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Aux current vs AUXI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Flash current vs temp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 VFB2 Flash vs temp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 IQ vs temp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Start-Up in Flash mode 800 mA at VI = 3.6 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Line transient in Flash mode 800 mA, change of VI from 2.7 V to 3.3 V in 10 µs . . . . . . . 28 Description (continued) 1 STCF03I Description (continued) Hard and soft-triggering of flash are both supported. The device includes many functions to protect the chip and the power LED, such as: a soft start control, chip over temperature detection and protection, as well as opened and shorted LED detection and protection. Besides, a digital programmable time out function protects the LED in case of a wrong command from the µP. An optional external NTC resistor is supported to protect the LED against over heating. In mobile phone applications, it is possible to reduce immediately the flash LED current during the signal transmission using the TMSK pin. This saves battery life and gives more priority to supply RF transmission instead of flash function. It is possible by I²C to separately program the current intensity in flash and torch mode using exponential steps. An auxiliary output can control an optional red LED to be used as a recording indicator. The device is packaged in 3x3 mm µTFBGA25 with a height less than 1 mm. 6/33 Diagram STCF03I 2 Diagram Figure 1. Block diagram NTC_REF 7/33 Pin configuration STCF03I 3 Pin configuration Figure 2. Pin connections (bottom view) Table 2. Pin description 8/33 Pin n° Symbol Description E1,D2 VLX2 B3 RX D1,C2 VOUT A4 NTC NTC resistor connection B5 FB1 Feedback pin [ILED*(RFL+RTR)] A5 FB2 RTR bypass B4 FB2S Feedback pin [ILED*RFL] E2 GND Signal ground C5 TMSK TX mask input. D5 AUXL Auxiliary LED output D4 ADD I²C address selection A3 VBAT Supply voltage B1,C1 PVBAT Power supply voltage A2 VLX1A Inductor connection A1,B2 VLX1B Inductor connection E4 ATN Attention (open drain output, active LOW) E3 SDA I²C data C3,D3 PGND E5 SCL I²C clock signal C4 TRIG Flash trigger input Inductor connection Rx resistor connection Output voltage Power ground Maximum ratings STCF03I 4 Maximum ratings Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings (see Note:) Symbol Parameter Value Unit VBAT Signal supply voltage -0.3 to 6 V PVBAT Power supply voltage -0.3 to 6 V VLX1A, VLX1B Inductor connection 1 –0.3 to VI+0.3 V VLX2 Inductor connection 2 –0.3 to VO+0.3 V VOUT Output Voltage -0.3 to 6 V AUXL Auxiliary LED –0.3 to VI+0.3 V -0.3 to 3 V -0.3 to VI+0.3 V Connection for reference resistor -0.3 to 3 V Connection for LED Temperature sensing -0.3 to 3 V Human body model ±2 kV Continuous power dissipation (at TA=70°C) 800 mW Operating junction temperature range -40 to 85 °C Junction temperature -40 to 150 °C Storage temperature range -65 to 150 °C FB1, FB2, FB2S Feedback and sense voltage SCL, SDA, TRIG, ATN, ADD TMSK Logic pin RX NTC ESD PTOT (BGA) TOP TJ TSTG (1) 1. Power dissipation is related parameter to used PCB. The recommended PCB design is included in the application note. Note: Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Functional operation under these condition is not implied. Table 4. Thermal data Symbol RthJA 9/33 Parameter Thermal resistance junction-ambient Value Unit 150 °C/W Application STCF03I 5 Application Figure 3. Application schematic **: Connect to VI, or GND or SDA or SCL to choose one of the 4 different I²C Slave Addresses. ***: Optional components to support auxiliary functions. Table 5. List of external components Component Manufacturer Part number Value Size CI TDK X5R0J106M 10 µF 0603 CO TDK X5R0J105M 1 µF 0603 L (IFLASH = 0.5A) TDK VLF3012ST-4R7MR91 4.7 µH 2.6 x 2.8 x 1.2 mm L (IFLASH = 0.8A) TDK VLF4012AT-4R7M1R1 4.7 µH 3.7 x 3.5 x 1.2 mm NTC Murata NCP21WF104J03RA 100 kΩ 0805 RFL 0.27 Ω 0603 RTR 1.8 Ω 0402 RX 15 kΩ 0402 LED Note: 10/33 Luxeon LED LXCL-PW1 All of the above listed components refer to typical application. Operation of the STCF03I is not limited to the choice of these external components. Electrical characteristics STCF03I 6 Electrical characteristics Table 6. Electrical characteristics (TJ = 25°C, VI = 3.6 V, 2xCI = 10 µF, CO = 1 µF, L = 4.7 µH, RFL = 0.27 Ω, RTR = 1.8 Ω, RX = 15 kΩ, Typ. values @25°C, unless otherwise specified). Symbol Parameter VI Input operation supply voltage VPW_ON Min. Typ. 2.7 Max. Unit 5.5 V Power ON reset threshold VI rising Output current adjustment range IFLASH Flash mode for VI = 3.3 V to 5.5 V 60 800 Flash mode for VI = 2.7 V to 3.3 V 60 600 Output current adjustment range ITORCH Torch mode VI = 2.7 V to 5.5 V 15 200 Auxiliary LED output current adjustment range IAUXLED Ready mode, VI = 3.3 V to 5.5 V 0 20 2.5 5.3 V RESET IO Test condition 2.3 V mA VO Regulated voltage range FB1 Feedback voltage Torch mode 30 250 mV FB2 Feedback voltage Flash mode 30 250 mV ΔIO Output current tolerance Flash mode, IO = 160 mV/RFL -10 10 % RON_ FB1-FB2 ON resistance Torch mode, IO = 200 mA IQ fs ν OVP 90 mΩ Quiescent current in SHUTDOWN mode 1 µA Quiescent current in Ready -mode 1.8 mA MHz Frequency VI = 2.7 V 1.8 Efficiency of the chip itself VI = 3.2 to 4.2 V, flash mode, IO = 800 mA 87 Efficiency of the whole application VI = 3.2 to 4.2 V, flash mode, IO = 800 mA, VO=VfLED_max + VFB2 = 5.02 V See the typical application schematic It is included losses of inductor and sensing resistor 76 Output over voltage protection VI = 5.5 V, No Load % 5.5 V Over voltage hysteresis VI = 5.5 V, No Load 0.3 V OTP Over temperature protection VI = 5.5 V 140 °C OTHYST Over temperature hysteresis VI = 5.5 V 20 °C RONT1 RX-NTC switch On resistance Ready mode 25 Ω OVHYST NTCLEAK RX-NTC switch OFF leakage NTC_REF NTC reference voltage 11/33 Shutdown mode, VNTC = 2 V VRX = GND 1 1.8 µA V Electrical characteristics Table 6. Symbol STCF03I Electrical characteristics (continued) (TJ = 25°C, VI = 3.6 V, 2xCI = 10 µF, CO = 1 µF, L = 4.7 µH, RFL = 0.27 Ω, RTR = 1.8 Ω, RX = 15 kΩ, Typ. values @25°C, unless otherwise specified). Parameter Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit VOL Output logic signal level low ATN IOL = 10 mA 0.2 V IOZ Output logic leakage current ATN VOZ = 3.3 V 1 mA Input Logic signal level SCL, SDA, TRIG, TEST, ADD 0 0.4 V VI = 2.7 V to 5.5 V 1.4 3 VIL VIH TON Note: 12/33 LED current rise time ILED = 0 to ILED = max Typical value, not production tested. 2 ms Introduction 7 STCF03I Introduction The STCF03I is a buck-boost converter, dedicated to power and control the current of a power white LED in a camera cell phone. The device operates at a constant switching frequency of 1.8 MHz typ. It provides an output voltage down to 2.5 V and up to 5.3 V, from a 2.7 V to 5.5 V supply voltage. This supply range allows operation from a single cell Lithium-Ion battery. The I²C bus is used to control the device operation and for diagnostic purposes. The current in torch mode is adjustable from 15 mA to 200 mA. Flash mode current is adjustable up to 800 mA for an input voltage ranging from 3.3 V to 5.5 V and up to 600 mA for an input voltage ranging from 2.7 V to 5.5 V. The Aux LED current can be adjusted from 0 to 20 mA. The device uses an external NTC resistor to sense the temperature of the white LED. These two last functions may not be needed in all applications, and in these cases the relevant external components can be omitted. 7.1 Buck-Boost converter The regulation of the PWM controller is done by sensing the current of the LED through external sensing resistors (RFL and RTR, see application schematic). Depending on the forward voltage of the flash LED, the device automatically can change the operation mode between buck (step down) and boost (step up) mode. Three cases can occur: Boost region (VO > VBAT): this configuration is used in most cases, as the output voltage VO = VfLED + ILED x RFL) is higher than VBAT; Buck region (VO < VBAT); Buck / Boost region (VO ~ VBAT). 7.2 Logic pin description 7.2.1 SCL, SDA pins These are the standard clock and data pins as defined in the I²C bus specification. External pull-up is required according to I²C bus specifications. The recommended maximum voltage of these signals should be 3.0 V. 7.2.2 TRIG pin This input pin is internally AND-ed with the TRIG_EN bit to generate the internal signal that activates the flash operation. This gives to the user the possibility to accurately control the flash duration using a dedicated pin, avoiding the I²C bus latencies (hard-triggering). No internal pull-up nor pull-down is provided. 7.2.3 ATN pin This output pin (open-drain, active LOW) is provided to better manage the information transfer from the STCF03I to the µP. Because of the limitations of a single master I²C bus configuration, the µP should regularly poll the STCF03I to verify if certain operations have been completed, or to check diagnostic information. Alternatively, the µP can use the ATN pin to be advised that new data are available in the STAT_REG, thus avoiding continuous polling. Then the information can be read in the STAT_REG by a read operation via I²C that, besides, automatically resets the ATN pin. The STAT_REG bits affecting the ATN pin status are mapped in Table 16. No internal pull-up is provided. 13/33 Introduction 7.2.4 STCF03I ADD pin With this pin it is possible to select one of the 4 possible I²C slave addresses. No internal pull-up nor pull-down is provided. The pin has to be connected to either GND, VI, SCL or SDA to select the desired I²C slave address (see Table 7) Table 7. Address table ADD pin A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 GND 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 R/W VBAT 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 R/W SDAL 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 R/W SCL 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 R/W When ADD is connected to GND the I²C address is assigned automatically while in the other three configurations in which ADD pin is connected to VBAT or SDA or SCL, the following procedure must be activated in order that the right address is assigned. After applying VBAT to the chip, the VBAT voltage must be pulled down to GND for a time longer than 100 ms. After that time the right I²C address is assigned to the chip. This procedure must be repeated every time the VBAT voltage is disconnected (see Figure 4 below). Figure 4. Procedure for assigning a non-default I²C address Address is assigned. The new I²C address can be used for SCL and SDA VBAT 100ms …. S T A R T DEVICE ADDRESS 7 bits M S B W R I T E SCL LINE ADDRESS OF REGISTER L R A M S / C S B W K B L A M S C S B K B SDA LINE 7.2.5 DATA S T O P L A S C B K TMSK pin This pin can be used to implement the TX masking function. This function has effect only for flash current settings higher than 200 mA (bit FDIM_3=1). Under this condition, when this pin is pulled high by the µP, the current flowing in the LED is forced at 200 mA typ. No internal pull-up nor pull-down is provided; to be externally wired to GND if TX masking function is not used. 14/33 Introduction 7.3 STCF03I I²C bus interface Data transmission from the main µP to STCF03I and vice versa takes place through the 2 I²C bus interface wires, consisting of the two lines SDA and SCL (pull-up resistors to a positive supply voltage must be externally connected). The recommended maximum voltage of these signals should be 3.0 V. 7.4 Data validity As shown in Figure 5, the data on the SDA line must be stable during the high period of the clock. The HIGH and LOW state of the data line can only change when the clock signal on the SCL line is LOW. Figure 5. Data validity on the I²C Bus 7.5 Start and stop conditions Both DATA and CLOCK lines remain HIGH when the bus is not busy. As shown in Figure 6, a start condition is a HIGH to LOW transition of the SDA line while SCL is HIGH. The stop condition is a LOW to HIGH transition of the SDA line while SCL is HIGH. A STOP condition must be sent before each START condition. Figure 6. 15/33 Timing diagram on I²C Bus Introduction 7.6 STCF03I Byte format Every byte transferred to the SDA line must contain 8 bits. Each byte must be followed by an acknowledge bit. The MSB is transferred first. One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock pulse. Any change in the SDA line at this time will be interpreted as a control signal. Figure 7. Bit transfer 7.7 Acknowledge The master (µP) puts a resistive HIGH level on the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse (see Figure 8). The peripheral (STCF03I) that acknowledges has to pull-down (LOW) the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that the SDA line is stable LOW during this clock pulse. The peripheral which has been addressed has to generate an acknowledge pulse after the reception of each byte, otherwise the SDA line remains at the HIGH level during the ninth clock pulse duration. In this case, the master transmitter can generate the STOP information in order to abort the transfer. Figure 8. 16/33 Acknowledge on I²C bus Introduction Table 8. STCF03I Interface protocol Device address + R/W bit 7 6 5 4 3 S T M A S R B T 7.8 2 1 0 Register address 7 6 5 4 3 2 L A M R S C S W B K B Data 1 0 7 L S B A M C S K B 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 L S B A C K S T O P Writing to a single register Writing to a single register starts with a START bit followed by the 7 bit device address of STCF03I. The 8th bit is the R/W bit, which is 0 in this case. R/W = 1 means a reading operation. Then the master waits for an acknowledge from STCF03I. Then the 8 bit address of register is sent to STCF03I. It is also followed by an acknowledge pulse. The last transmitted byte is the data that is going to be written to the register. It is again followed by an acknowledge pulse from STCF03I. The master then generates a STOP bit and the communication is over. See Figure 9 below. Figure 9. Writing to a single register DEVICE ADDRESS 7 bits S M T S A B R T 7.9 W R I T E ADDRESS OF REGISTER L R A M S / C S B W K B DATA L A M S C S B K B SDA LINE Interface protocol The interface protocol is composed of (Table 8): – A start condition (START) – A Device address + R/W bit (read =1 / write =0) – A Register address byte – A sequence of data n* (1 byte + acknowledge) – A stop condition (STOP) 17/33 L A S S C T B K O P Introduction STCF03I The register address byte determines the first register in which the read or write operation takes place. When the read or write operation is finished, the register address is automatically increased. 7.10 Writing to multiple registers with incremental addressing It would be unpractical to send several times the device address and the address of the register when writing to multiple registers. STCF03I supports writing to multiple registers with incremental addressing. When data is written to a register, the address register is automatically increased, so the next data can be sent without sending the device address and the register address again. See Figure 10 below. Figure 10. Writing to multiple registers with incremental addressing DEVICE ADDRESS 7 bits S M T S A B R T W R I T E L R A M S / C S B W K B ADDRESS OF REGISTER i DATA i L A M S C S B K B DATA i+1 L A M S C S B K B DATA i+2 L A M S C S B K B DATA i+2 L A M S C S B K B DATA i+n L A M S C S B K B L A S S C T B K O P SDA LINE 7.11 Reading from a single register The reading operation starts with a START bit followed by the 7 bit device address of STCF03I. The 8th bit is the R/W bit, which is 0 in this case. STCF03I confirms the receiving of the address + R/W bit by an acknowledge pulse. The address of the register which should be read is sent afterwards and confirmed again by an acknowledge pulse of STCF03I again. Then the master generates a START bit again and sends the device address followed by the R/W bit, which is 1 now. STCF03I confirms the receiving of the address + R/W bit by an acknowledge pulse and starts to send the data to the master. No acknowledge pulse from the master is required after receiving the data. Then the master generates a STOP bit to terminate the communication. See Figure 11 18/33 Introduction STCF03I Figure 11. Reading from a single register DEVICE ADDRESS 7 bits S M T S A B R T W R I T E ADDRESS OF REGISTER DEVICE ADDRESS 7 bits L R A M S / C S B WK B L A S S C T B K A R T R E A D DATA R A / C WK L N S S O T O B A P C K SDA LINE 7.12 Reading from multiple registers with incremental addressing Reading from multiple registers starts in the same way like reading from a single register. As soon as the first register is read, the register address is automatically increased. If the master generates an acknowledge pulse after receiving the data from the first register, then reading of the next register can start immediately without sending the device address and the register address again. The last acknowledge pulse before the STOP bit is not required. See the Figure 12. Figure 12. Reading from multiple registers DEVICE ADDRESS 7 bits S M T S A B R T W R I T E L R A M S / C S B W K B DEVICE ADDRESS 7 bits ADDRESS OF REGISTER i L A S S C T B K A R T R E A D R A / C W K DATA i DATA i+1 L A M S C S B K B SDA LINE 19/33 DATA i+2 L A M S C S B K B DATA i+2 L A M S C S B K B DATA i+n L A M S C S B K B L N S S O T B O A P C K Description of internal registers STCF03I 8 Description of internal registers Table 9. I²C register mapping function Table 10. Register name SUB ADDRESS (hex) Operation CMD_REG 00 R/W DIM_REG 01 R/W AUX_REG 02 R/W STAT_REG 03 R only Command register CMD_REG (write mode) MSB SUB ADD=00 PWR_ON TRIG_EN TCH_ON NTC_ON FTIM_3 FTIM_2 FTIM_1 FTIM_0 Power ON RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1 LSB PWR_ON When set, it activates all analog and power internal blocks including the NTC supporting circuit, and the device is ready to operate (ready mode). As long as PWR_ON=0, only the I²C interface is active, minimizing Stand-by Mode power consumption. 8.2 TRIG_EN This bit is AND-ed with the TRIG pin to generate the internal signal FL_ON that activates flash mode. By this way, both soft-triggering and hard-triggering of the flash are made possible. If soft-triggering (through I²C) is chosen, the TRIG pin is not used and must be kept HIGH (VI). If hard-triggering is chosen, then the TRIG pin has to be connected to a µP I/O devoted to flash timing control, and the TRIG_EN bit must be set in advance. Both triggering modes can benefit of the internal flash time counter, that uses the TRIG_EN bit and can work either as a safety shut-down timer or as a flash duration timer. Flash mode can start only if PWR_ON=1. LED current is controlled by the value set by the FDIM_0~3 of the DIM_REG. 8.3 TCH_ON When set from ready mode, the STCF03I enters torch mode. The LED current is controlled by the value set by the TDIM_0~3 of the DIM_REG. 8.4 NTC_ON When the NTC_ON bit is set to HIGH and the device is in ready mode, then the comparators that monitor the LED temperature are activated. NTC-related blocks are always active regardless of this bit in torch mode and flash mode. 20/33 Description of internal registers 8.5 STCF03I FTIM_0~3 This 4-bits register defines the maximum flash duration. It is intended to limit the energy dissipated by the LED to a maximum safe value or to leave to the STCF03I the control of the flash duration during normal operation. Values from 0~15 correspond to 0~1.5 s (100 ms steps). The timing accuracy is related to the internal oscillator frequency that clocks the flash time counter (+/-20%, TBD). Entering flash mode (either by soft or hard triggering) activates the flash time counter, which begins counting down from the value loaded in the F_TIM register. When the counter reaches zero, flash mode is stopped by resetting TRIG_EN bit, and simultaneously the ATN pin is set to true (LOW) to alert the µP that the maximum time has been reached. FTIM value remains unaltered at the end of the count. Table 11. Dimming register DIM_REG (write mode) MSB SUB ADD=01 TDIM_3 TDIM_2 TDIM_1 TDIM_0 FDIM_3 FDIM_2 FDIM_1 FDIM_0 Power ON, SHUTDOWN MODE RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.6 LSB TDIM_0~3 These 4 bits define the LED current in torch mode with 16 values fitting an exponential law. Max torch current value is 25% of max flash current. (Figure 13) 8.7 FDIM_0~3 These 4 bits define the LED current in flash mode with 16 values fitting an exponential law. The max value of the current is set by the external resistors RFL and RTR. (Figure 13) Figure 13. Flash and Torch current vs. dimming value Current Step Coefficient - 1.19 Note: 21/33 LED current values refer to RFL=0.27 Ω, RTR=1.8 Ω Description of internal registers Table 12. STCF03I Auxiliary register AUX_REG (write mode) MSB SUB ADD=02 AUXI_3 AUXI_2 AUXI_1 AUXI_0 AUXT_3 AUXT_2 AUXT_1 AUXT_0 Power ON, SHUTDOWN MODE RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.8 LSB AUXI_0~3 This 4 bits register defines the AUX LED current from 0 to 20 mA. See AUX LED dimming table for reference. Loading any value between 1 and 15 also starts the AUX LED current source timer, if enabled. The AUX LED current source is active only in ready mode, and is deactivated in any other mode. 8.9 AUXT_0~3 This 4 bit register controls the timer that defines the ON-time of the AUX LED current source. ON-time starts when the AUXI register is loaded with any value other than zero, and stops after the time defined in the AUXT register. Values from 1 to 14 of the AUXT register correspond to an ON-time of the AUX LED ranging from 100 to 1400 ms in 100 ms steps. The value 15 puts the AUX LED to the continuous light mode. The activation/deactivation of the AUX LED current source is controlled using only the AUXI register. Table 13. Auxiliary LED dimming table (1) AUXI (hex) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AUX LED current [mA] 0.0 1.3 2.6 4.0 5.3 6.6 8.0 9.3 8 9 A B C D E F 10.6 12.0 13.3 14.6 16.0 17.3 18.6 20.0 1. 20 mA output current is achievable only if the supply voltage is higher than 3.3 V. Table 14. T_DIM (hex) 0 Torch mode and Flash mode dimming registers settings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 F_DIM (hex) 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F LED current [mA] 16 19 23 27 32 39 46 55 65 77 92 109 124 147 175 209 248 296 352 418 498 592 705 840 Internal step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 VREF1 [mV] 33 40 47 56 67 80 95 113 134 160 190 227 33 40 47 56 67 79 95 113 134 160 190 227 Sense Resist. Note: 22/33 21 22 23 24 RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL + + + + + + + + + + + + RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RFL RTR RTR RTR RTR RTR RTR RTR RTR RTR RTR RTR RTR LED current values refer to RFL=0.27 Ω, RTR=1.8 Ω. Description of internal registers Table 15. STCF03I Status register STAT_REG (read mode) MSB SUB ADD=03 N/A F_RUN LED_F NTC_W NTC_H OT_F N/A VOUTOK_N Power ON, SHUTDOWN MODE RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.10 LSB F_RUN This bit is kept HIGH by the STCF03I during flash mode. By checking this bit, the µP can verify if the flash mode is running or has been terminated by the time counter. 8.11 LED_F This bit is set by the STCF03I when the voltage seen on the LED pin is VREF2 > 5.3 V during a torch or flash operation. This condition can be caused by an open LED, indicating a LED failure. The device automatically goes into Ready mode to avoid damage. Internal high frequency filtering avoids false detections. This bit is reset by the STCF03I following a read operation of the STAT_REG. 8.12 NTC_W This bit is set HIGH by the STCF03I and the ATN pin is pulled down, when the voltage seen on the pin Rx exceeds VREF4 = 0.56 V. This threshold corresponds to a warning temperature value at the LED measured by the NTC. The device is still operating, but a warning is sent to the µP. This bit is reset by the STCF03I following a read operation of the STAT_REG. 8.13 NTC_H This bit is set HIGH by the STCF03I and the ATN pin is pulled down, when the voltage seen on the pin Rx exceeds VREF5. This threshold (1.2 V) corresponds to an excess temperature value at the LED measured by the NTC. The device is put in ready mode to avoid damaging the LED. This bit is reset by the STCF03I following a read operation of the STAT_REG. 8.14 OT_F This bit is set HIGH by the STCF03I and the ATN pin is pulled down, when the chip overtemperature protection (~140°C) has put the device in ready mode. This bit is reset by the STCF03I following a read operation of the STAT_REG. 23/33 Description of internal registers 8.15 STCF03I VOUTOK_N This bit is set by the STCF03I. It is used to protect the device, if the output is shorted. The VOUTOK_N bit is set to HIGH at the start-up. Then a current generator of 20 mA charges the output capacitor for 360 µs typ. and it detects when the output capacitor reaches 100 mV. If this threshold is reached the bit is set to LOW. If the output is shorted to ground or the LED is shorted, this threshold is never reached: the bit stays HIGH, ATN pin is pulled down and the device will not start. This bit is reset following a read operation of the STAT_REG Figure 14. VOUTOK_N behavior Table 16. Status register details Bit Name F_RUN (STAT_REG) LED_F (STAT_REG) NTC_W (STAT_REG) NTC_H (STAT_REG) OT_F (STAT_REG) VOUTOK_N (STAT_REG) Default value 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latched (1) NO YES YES YES YES YES Forces Ready mode when set NO YES NO YES YES YES Sets ATN LOW when set NO YES YES YES YES YES 1. YES means that the bit is set by internal signals and is reset to default by an I²C read operation of STAT_REG NO means that the bit is set and reset by internal signals in real-time. 24/33 Detailed description 9 Detailed description 9.1 PowerON reset STCF03I This mode is initiated by applying a supply voltage above the VPW_ON RESET threshold value. An internal timing (~1 µs) defines the duration of this status. The logic blocks are powered, but the device doesn't respond to any input. The registers are reset to their default values, the ATN and SDA pins are in high-Z, and the I²C slave address is internally set by reading the ADD pin configuration. After the internally defined time has elapsed, the STCF03I automatically enters the Stand-by mode. 9.2 Shutdown In this mode, only the I²C interface is alive, accepting I²C commands and register settings. The device enters this mode: automatically from power ON reset status; by resetting the PWR_ON bit from other operation modes. Power consumption is at the minimum (1 µA typ). 9.3 Ready mode In this mode all internal blocks are turned ON, but the DC/DC converter is disabled and the white LED is disconnected. The NTC circuit can be activated to monitor the temperature of the LED and I²C commands and register settings are allowed to be executed immediately. Only in this mode the auxiliary LED is operational and can be turned ON and set at the desired brightness using the AUX REGISTER. The device enters this mode: from stand-by by setting the PWR_ON bit; from flash operation by resetting the TRIG pin or the TRIG_EN bit or automatically from flash operation when the time counter reaches zero; from torch operation by resetting the TCH_ON bit. The device automatically enters this mode also when an overload or an abnormal condition has been detected during flash or torch operation (Table 16: Status register details:). 9.4 Single or multiple Flash using external (µP) temporization To avoid the I²C bus time latency, it is recommended to use the dedicated TRIG pin to define the flash duration (hard-triggering). The TRIG_EN bit of CMD_REG should be set before starting each flash operation, because it could have been reset automatically in the previous flash operation. The flash duration is determined by the pulse length that drives the TRIG pin. As soon as the flash is activated, the system needs typically 1.2 ms to ramp up the output current on the Power LED. The internal time counter will time-out flash operation and keep the LED dissipated energy within safe limits in case of Software deadlock; FTIM register has to be set first, either in stand-by or in ready mode. Multiple flashes are possible by strobing the TRIG pin. Time out counter will cumulate every flash on-time until the defined time out is reached unless it is reloaded by updating the CMD_REG. After a single or multiple flash operations are timed-out, the device automatically goes into Ready mode by resetting the TRIG_EN bit, and also resets the F_RUN bit. The ATN pin is pulled down to inform the µP that the STAT_REG has been updated. 25/33 Detailed description 9.5 STCF03I External (µP) temporization using TRIG_EN bit Even if it is possible, it is not recommended to use the TRIG_EN bit to start and stop the flash operation, because of I²C bus latencies: this would result in inaccurate flash timing. Nevertheless, if this operation mode is chosen, the TRIG pin has to be kept High (logic level or wired to VBAT), leaving the whole flash control to the I²C bus. Also in this operation mode the time counter will time-out flash operation and keep the energy dissipated by the LED within safe limits in case of SW deadlock. 9.6 Single Flash using internal temporization Flash triggering can be obtained either by TRIG pin (hard-triggering) or by I²C commands (soft-triggering). The first solution is recommended for an accurate start time, while the second is less accurate because of the I²C bus time latency. Stop time is defined by the STCF03I internal temporization and its accuracy is determined by the internal oscillator. For hard-triggering, it is necessary to set the TRIG_EN bit in advance. For soft-triggering, the TRIG pin has to be kept High (logic level or wired to VBAT) and the flash can be started by setting the FTIM and the TRIG_EN through I²C (both are located in the CMD REG). There is a delay time between the moment the flash is triggered and when it appears. This delay is caused by the time necessary to charge up the output capacitor, which is around 1.2 ms depending on battery voltage and output current value. Once triggered, the flash operation will be stopped when the time counter reaches zero. As soon as the flash is finished, the F_RUN bit is reset, the ATN pin is pulled down for 11 µs to inform the µP that the STAT_REG has been updated and the device goes back to Ready mode. If it is necessary to make a flash longer than the internal timer allows or a continuous flash, then the FTIM must be reloaded through I²C bus every time, before the internal timer reaches zero. For example: To get a continuous flash, set FTIM to 1.5 s and every 1 s reload the CMD_REG. 9.7 Multiple Flash using internal temporization This operation has to be processed as a sequence of single flashes using internal temporization starting from hard or soft triggering. Since the TRIG_EN bit is reset at the end of each flash, it is necessary to reload the CMD_REG to start the next one. 26/33 Typical performance characteristics STCF03I Typical performance characteristics 10 Figure 15. Flash current vs F_DIMM Figure 16. Torch current vs T_DIMM 250 900 800 200 700 600 mA mA 150 500 400 100 300 200 50 100 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 step 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 step Figure 17. Aux current vs AUXI Figure 18. 25 Flash current vs temp 850 845 20 840 835 830 mA mA 15 825 820 10 815 Flash current= 800mA V BAT=3.3V 810 5 805 800 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -40°C 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 25°C 80°C temp. Step Figure 19. VFB2 flash vs temp Figure 20. IQ vs temp 250 2.4 2.3 245 2.2 2.1 mA mV 240 235 2 1.9 230 1.8 225 1.7 1.6 220 -40°C 25°C temp. 27/33 80°C -40°C 25°C temp. 85°C Typical performance characteristics STCF03I Figure 21. Efficiency Figure 22. Start-Up in flash mode 800 mA at VI = 3.6 V 95 90 TRIG Flash 800mA 85 Io Torch 55mA Eff % 80 75 70 65 I_IN 60 55 50 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 VI [V] Figure 23. Line transient in flash mode 800 mA, change of VI from 2.7 V to 3.3V in 10 µs Io VI I_IN 28/33 Package mechanical data 11 STCF03I Package mechanical data In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com 29/33 Package mechanical data STCF03I TFBGA25 mechanical data mm. mils. Dim. A Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. 1.0 1.1 1.16 39.4 43.3 45.7 A1 0.25 A2 0.78 b 0.25 D 2.9 D1 E 9.8 0.86 30.7 0.30 0.35 9.8 11.8 13.8 3.0 3.1 114.2 118.1 122.0 2 2.9 3.0 33.9 78.8 3.1 114.2 118.1 E1 2 78.8 e 0.5 19.7 SE 0.25 9.8 122.0 7539979/A 30/33 Package mechanical data STCF03I Tape & reel TFBGA25 mechanical data mm. inch. Dim. Min. Typ. A Min. Typ. 330 13.2 Max. 12.992 C 12.8 D 20.2 0.795 N 60 2.362 T 31/33 Max. 0.504 0.519 14.4 0.567 Ao 3.3 0.130 Bo 3.3 0.130 Ko 1.60 0.063 Po 3.9 4.1 0.153 0.161 P 7.9 8.1 0.311 0.319 Revision history STCF03I 12 Revision history Table 17. Document revision history Date Revision 23-Jul-2007 1 First release. 27-Aug-2007 2 Modified Table 5. 05-Sep-2007 3 Added row NTC_REF on Table 6. 12-Sep-2007 4 Modified Figure 2. 10-Sep-2008 5 Added Figure 4 on page 14. 32/33 Changes STCF03I Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. 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