TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 features applications D D D D D D D D Regulated 5 V ± 4% Output Voltage With up to 100 mA Output Current From a 1.8 V to 3.6 V Input Voltage Range 65-µA Quiescent Supply Current 0.05-µA Shutdown Current, Battery Is Isolated From Load in Shutdown Integrated Low-Battery or Power-Good Indicator Low Output Voltage Ripple Over Complete Output Current Range Easy-To-Design With Low-EMI Power Supply Since no Inductors Are Required Evaluation Module Available (TPS60140EVM-144) Replaces DC/DC Converters With Inductors in Battery-Powered Applications: – Two Battery Cells to 5 V Conversion – Portable Instruments – Miniature Equipment – Backup-Battery Boost Converters – Medical Instruments – 5-V Smart Card Supply – Organizers, PDAs typical operating circuit Input 1.8 V to 3.6 V R1 · TPS60140 IN OUT IN FB description The TPS6014x step-up, regulated charge pumps generate a 5-V ±4% output voltage from a 1.8 V to 3.6 V input voltage range. The devices are typically powered by two alkaline, NiCd, or NiMH battery cells and provide an output current of minimum 100 mA from a 2-V input. Only four external capacitors are needed to build a complete voltage tripler charge pump. R2 Ci 4.7 µF C1 2.2 µF LBI LBO C1+ C2+ C1– C2– ENABLE OFF/ON PGND Output 5 V, 100 mA Co 10 µF R3 Low Battery Warning C2 2.2 µF NC GND The devices regulate the output by using the pulse-skip topology. The controller is optimized for lowest output voltage ripple over the complete output current range. The output peak current and therefore the output voltage ripple are drastically reduced compared to a conventional pulse-skip topology by regulating the charge pump output resistance. At light loads the maximum output resistance is limited to assure a low quiescent current. The TPS60140 includes a low-battery comparator that issues a warning if the battery voltage drops below a user-adjustable threshold voltage. The TPS60141 features a power-good output that goes active when the output voltage reaches 90% of its nominal value. The logic shutdown function disables the converter, reduces the supply current to a maximum of 1 µA and disconnects the output from the input. Special current-control circuitry prevents excessive current from being drawn from the battery during start-up. This dc-dc converter requires no inductors, therefore, EMI is of little concern. It is available in the small, thermally enhanced 20-pin TSSOP package (PWP). Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 AVAILABLE OPTIONS PART NUMBER† TA – 40°C to 85°C TPS60140PWP TPS60141PWP PACKAGE PWP DEVICE FEATURES 20-pin 20in thermally enhanced TSSOP 2-cell to 5 V, V 100 mA Low-battery detector Power-good detector † The PWP package is available taped and reeled. Add an R suffix to the device type (e.g. TPS60140PWPR) to order quantities of 2000 devices per reel. PWP PACKAGE (TPS60140) (TOP VIEW) GND GND ENABLE FB OUT C1+ IN C1– PGND PGND 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 PWP PACKAGE (TPS60141) (TOP VIEW) GND GND LBI LBO NC C2+ IN C2– PGND PGND POST OFFICE BOX 655303 GND GND ENABLE FB OUT C1+ IN C1– PGND PGND • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 GND GND NC PG NC C2+ IN C2– PGND PGND TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 functional block diagrams TPS60140 IN C1+ Oscillator C1 C1– _ ENABLE PGND IN Charge Pump Power Stage C2+ + Control Circuit C2 + – VREF C2– OUT PGND FB LBO Shutdown/ Start-up Control _ _ + + + – LBI + – 0.8 × VI VREF GND TPS60141 IN C1+ Oscillator C1 C1– _ ENABLE Charge Pump Power Stage + Control Circuit C2+ C2 + – VREF PGND IN C2– OUT PGND FB PG Shutdown/ Start-up Control _ _ + + + – 0.8 × VI VREF + – GND POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME C1+ NO. I/O DESCRIPTION 6 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C1 C1– 8 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C1 C2+ 15 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C2 C2– 13 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C2 ENABLE 3 I ENABLE input. Connect ENABLE to IN for normal operation. When ENABLE is a logic low, the device turns off and the supply current decreases to 0.05 µA. The output is disconnected from the input when the device is placed in shutdown. FB 4 I Feedback input. Connect FB to OUT as close to the load as possible to achieve best regulation. A resistive divider is on the chip to match the output voltage to the internal reference voltage of 1.21 V. 1, 2, 19, 20 GND IN Ground. Analog ground for internal reference and control circuitry. Connect to PGND through a short trace. 7,14 I Supply input. Bypass IN to PGND with capacitor Ci. Connect both IN terminals through a short trace. LBO/PG 17 O Low battery detector output (TPS60140) or power good output (TPS60141). Open drain output of the low-battery indicator or power-good comparator. It can sink 1 mA. A 100-kΩ to 1-MΩ pullup is recommended. Leave the terminal unconnected if the low-battery or power-good detector function is not used. LBI/NC 18 I Low battery detector input (TPS60140 only). The voltage applied to this terminal is compared to the internal 1.21-V reference voltage. Connect the terminal to ground if the low-battery comparator is not used. On the TPS60141, this terminal is not connected to the chip and should remain unconnected. NC 16 OUT 5 PGND Not connected O 9–12 Regulated 5-V power output. Bypass OUT to PGND with the output filter capacitor Co. Power ground. The charge-pump current flows through this terminal. Connect all PGND terminals together. detailed description The TPS6014x charge pumps provide a regulated 5-V output from a 1.8-V to 3.6-V input voltage range. They can deliver a maximum continuous load current of at least 100 mA at VI = 2 V minimum. Designed specifically for space-critical battery-powered applications, the complete charge pump circuit requires only four external capacitors. The TPS6014x consist of an oscillator, a 1.21-V voltage reference, an internal resistive feedback circuit, an error amplifier, high current MOSFET switches, a shutdown/start-up circuit, a low-battery or power-good comparator and a control circuit (see the functional block diagrams). operating principle The TPS6014x devices regulate the output voltage using an improved pulse-skip topology. In pulse-skip mode the error amplifier disables switching of the power stages when it detects an output voltage higher than 5 V. The oscillator halts and the controller skips switching cycles. The error amplifier reactivates the oscillator and starts switching of the power stages again when the output voltage drops below 5 V. The output resistance of the charge pump is controlled to improve the ripple performance. This limits the output current to the minimum that is necessary to sustain a regulated output voltage. The benefit is that the ripple performance is nearly as good as with a linear-regulation topology. At light loads a conventional pulse-skip regulation mode is used, but the charge pump output resistance is held at a high level. The pulse-skip regulation minimizes the operating current because the charge pump does not switch continuously and hence the gate-charge losses of the MOSFETs are reduced. Additionally, all functions except voltage reference, error amplifier, and low-battery or power-good comparator are deactivated when the output is higher than 5 V. When switching is disabled by the error amplifier, the load is also isolated from the input. This improved pulse-skip control topology is also referred to as active-cycle control. 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 detailed description (continued) start-up procedure and shutdown During start-up, i.e., when ENABLE is set from logic low to logic high, the output capacitor is charged up with a limited current until the output voltage(VO) reaches 0.8 x VI. When the start-up comparator detects this voltage limit, the IC begins switching. This pre-charging of the output capacitor ensures a short start-up time. In addition, the inrush current into an empty output capacitor is limited because the current through the switches is limited before the charge pump starts switching. Driving ENABLE low places the device in shutdown mode. This disables all switches, the oscillator, and control logic. The device typically draws 0.05 µA of supply current in this mode. Leakage current drawn from the output is as low as 1 µA max. The device exits shutdown once ENABLE is set to a high level. When the device is in shutdown, the load is isolated from the input. undervoltage lockout and short-circuit protection The TPS6014x devices have an undervoltage lockout feature that deactivates the device and places it in shutdown mode when the input voltage falls below 1.6 V. The devices are also short-circuit protected. The output current is limited to typically 100 mA during a hard short circuit condition at the output, i.e., when VO is GND. In this case the condition to enter the start-up mode is met, the device stops switching and controls the on-resistance of the appropriate MOSFET switches to limit the current. low-battery detector (TPS60140 only) The internal low-battery comparator trips at 1.21 V ± 5% when the voltage on pin LBI ramps down. The voltage V(TRIP) at which the low battery warning is issued can be adjusted with a resistive divider as shown in Figure 1. The sum of resistors R1 and R2 is recommended to be in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range. When choosing R1 and R2, be aware of the input leakage current into the LBI terminal. LBO is an open drain output. An external pullup resistor to OUT, in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range, is recommended. During start-up, the LBO output signal is invalid for the first 500 µs. LBO is high impedance when the device is disabled. If the low-battery comparator function is not used, connect LBI to ground and leave LBO unconnected. VO R3 IN VBAT LBO LBI _ R1 V + VREF + – (TRIP) + 1.21 V ǒ) Ǔ 1 R1 R2 R2 Figure 1. Programming of the Low-Battery Comparator Trip Voltage A 100 nF ceramic capacitor should be connected in parallel to R2 if large line transients are expected. These voltage drops can inadvertently trigger the low-battery comparator and produce a wrong low-battery warning signal at the LBO pin. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 low-battery detector (TPS60140 only) (continued) Formulas to calculate the resistive divider for low battery detection, with V(LBI) = 1.15 V to 1.27 V: R2 + 1 MΩ x VVLBI Bat R1 (1) + 1 MΩ – R2 (2) Formulas to calculate the minimum and maximum trip voltage: V V + VLBI(min) trip(min) + VLBI(max) trip(max) R1 (min) R2 R1 ) R2(max) (max) (max) R2 (3) ) R2(min) (min) (4) Table 1. Recommended Values for the Resistive Divider From the E96 Series (±1%) VI/V 1.8 R1/kΩ R2/kΩ 732 V(TRIP)MIN/V 1.700 V(TRIP)MAX/V 1.902 357 1.9 365 2.0 412 634 1.799 2.016 634 1.883 2.112 2.1 2.2 432 590 1.975 2.219 442 536 2.080 2.338 power-good detector (TPS60141) The PG terminal is an open-drain output that is pulled low when the output is out of regulation. When the output rises to typically 90% of its nominal voltage, the power-good output is released. Power-good is high impedance in shutdown. In normal operation an external pullup resistor must be connected between PG and OUT. The resistor should be in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range. If the power-good function is not used, the PG terminal should remain unconnected. absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)†‡ Supply voltage range at IN to GND and PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 3.6 V Voltage range, at OUT, ENABLE, LBI, LBO, PG, FB to GND and PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 5.4 V Voltage range at C1+ TO GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (VO + 0.3 V) Voltage range at C1– TO GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (VI + 0.3 V) Voltage range at C2+ TO GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (VO + 0.3 V) Voltage range at C2– TO GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (VI + 0.3 V) Continuous output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 mA Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to 150°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C Maximum junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ‡ V(ENABLE), V(LBI), V(LBO), and V(PG) can exceed VI up to the maximum rated voltage without increasing the leakage current drawn by these inputs. 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 recommended operating conditions MIN MAX 1.8 3.6 V Continuous output current, IOmax 100 mA Operating junction temperature, TJ 125 °C Input voltage, VI UNIT electrical characteristics at Ci = 4.7 µF, C1 = C2 = 2.2 µF, Co = 10 µF† at TC = –40°C to 85°C, VI = 2 V, FB = VO and ENABLE = VI (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER V(UVLO) IOmax VO TEST CONDITIONS Undervoltage lockout threshold TC = 25°C Maximum continuous output current Output leakage current I(SD) f(OSC) VIL VIH ENABLE input voltage low Ilkg(ENABLE) ENABLE input leakage current TYP MAX 1.6 1.8 100 Output voltage Ilkg(OUT) IQ MIN 1.8 V < VI < 2 V, VO Start-up = 5 V, 0 < IO < IOmax/2 TC = 0°C to 70°C 4.8 2 V < VI < 3.6 V, 0 < IO < IOmax 4.8 5.2 V 5.2 1 µA 65 90 µA 0.05 1 µA 450 kHz Quiescent current (no-load input current) Shutdown current VI = 2.4 V, V(ENABLE) = GND 320 210 VI = 1.8 V VI = 3.6 V ENABLE input voltage high I(SC) Short circuit current limit V(TRIP,LBI) LBI trip voltage TPS60140 II(LBI) LBI input current TPS60140 VI = 1.8 V to 2.2 V, Hysteresis 0.8% for rising LBI voltage, TC = 0°C to 70°C LBI = 1.3 V VO(LBO) LBO output voltage low‡ TPS60140 V(LBI) = 0 V, I(LBO,SINK) = 1 mA Ilkg(LBO) LBO output leakage current TPS60140 V(LBI) = 1.3 V, V(LBO) = 5 V V(TRIP,PG) Power-good trip voltage TPS60141 TC = 0°C to 70°C Vhys(PG) Power-good trip voltage hysteresis TPS60141 VO ramping down, TC = 0°C to 70°C VO(PG) Ilkg(PG) Power-good output voltage low TPS60141 Power-good leakage current TPS60141 VO = 0 V, I(PG,SINK) = 1 mA VO = 5 V, V(PG) = 5 V V 0.1 µA V 0.01 2 V < VI < 3.6 V, VO = 5 V: IO = 75 mA, TC = 25°C VI < 2.4 V, VO = 0 V, TC = 25°C Output line regulation 0.3 × VI 0.7 × VI V(ENABLE) = GND or VI VI = 2.4 V, 1 mA < IO < IOmax, TC = 25°C Output load regulation V mA VI = 2.4 V, V(ENABLE) = GND VI = 2.4 V Oscillator frequency UNIT 1.15 0.86 × VO 0.003 %/mA 0.08 %/V 100 mA 1.21 1.27 V 20 100 nA 0.4 V 0.01 0.1 µA 0.90 × VO 0.94 × VO V 0.4 V 0.1 µA 0.8% 0.01 † All capacitors are ceramic capacitors of the type X5R or X7R. ‡ During start-up the LBO signal is invalid for the first 500 µs. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION TPS6014x IN OUT OUT Ci 4.7 µF IN R1 LBI R2 Co 10 µF FB LBO C1+ C2+ C1 2.2 µF C2 2.2 µF C1– Used Capacitor Types: Ci, Co: Ceramic, X7R, Size 1206 C1, C2: Ceramic, X7R, Size 1206 C2– ENABLE OFF/ON PGND GND Figure 2. Circuit Used For Typical Characteristics Measurements TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURE η Efficiency IQ Quiescent Supply Current VO Output Voltage VO Output Voltage Ripple VPP Output Voltage Ripple Amplitude f(OSC) Oscillator Frequency vs Output Current 3 vs Input Voltage 4 vs Input Voltage 5 vs Output Current 6 vs Input Voltage vs Input Voltage 11 vs Output Current 12 vs Input Voltage 13 Load Transient Response 14 Line Transient Response VO 8 Output Voltage 7 8,9,10 15 vs Time (Start-up Timing) POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 16 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs INPUT VOLTAGE 90 90 IO = 50 mA 80 80 VI = 2.4 V 70 Efficiency – % Efficiency – % VI = 2.0 V VI = 2.7 V 60 70 60 50 50 40 30 0.1 1 10 100 40 1.8 1000 2.0 2.2 2.4 IO – Output Current – mA Figure 3 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 5.10 75 5.05 VO – Output Voltage – V TA = 85°C 70 I CC – Supply Current – µ A 2.8 Figure 4 QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 65 TA = 25°C 60 TA = –40°C 55 50 1.8 2.6 VI – Input Voltage – V 5.00 VI = 2.4 V VI = 2.7 V VI = 3.6 V 4.95 VI = 1.8 V 4.90 4.85 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 4.8 0.1 VI – Input Voltage – V 1 10 100 1000 IO – Output Current – mA Figure 5 Figure 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE 5.10 5.25 IO = 1 mA 5.00 IO = 50 mA 4.95 VI = 2.4 V IO = 1 mA 5.20 VO – Output Voltage – V VO – Output Voltage – V 5.05 IO = 100 mA 4.90 5.15 5.10 5.05 5.00 4.95 4.85 4.90 4.80 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 4.85 3.6 0 VI – Input Voltage – V 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 t – Time – µs Figure 7 Figure 8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE 5.25 5.13 VI = 2.4 V IO = 10 mA 5.20 VI = 2.4 V IO = 100 mA 5.11 VO – Output Voltage – V VO – Output Voltage – V 5.15 5.10 5.05 5.00 5.09 5.07 5.05 5.03 4.95 5.01 4.90 4.99 4.85 4.97 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 t – Time – µs 35 40 45 50 0 2 Figure 9 10 4 6 8 10 12 t – Time – µs Figure 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 14 16 18 20 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE AMPLITUDE vs OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE AMPLITUDE vs INPUT VOLTAGE 60 Vpp – Output Voltage Ripple Amplitude – mV Vpp – Output Voltage Ripple Amplitude – mV 60 IO = 100 mA 50 40 30 IO = 10 mA 20 IO = 1 mA 10 0 1.8 VI = 2.4 V 50 40 30 20 10 0 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 0 3.6 10 20 30 Figure 11 VO – Output Voltage – V TA = 25°C 315 TA = 85°C 305 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 I O – Output Current – mA f (OSC) – Oscillator Frequency – kHz TA = –40°C 320 300 1.8 60 70 80 90 100 LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE 330 310 50 Figure 12 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs INPUT VOLTAGE 325 40 IO – Output Current – mA VI – Input Voltage – V VI = 2.4 V 5.07 5.05 5.03 260 0 0 2 VI – Input Voltage – V Figure 13 4 6 8 10 12 t – Time – ms 14 16 18 20 Figure 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs TIME (START-UP TIMING) LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE 6 IO = 50 mA 5 VI = 2.4 V IO = 100 mA 5 4 4 3 3 Enable 2 2 1 1 0 0 Enable Voltage – V 5.05 5.03 V I – Input Voltage – V 6 Out 5.07 VO – Output Voltage – V VO – Output Voltage – V TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 t – Time – ms 14 16 18 20 –1 –0.1 –1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 t – Time – ms Figure 15 Figure 16 APPLICATION INFORMATION capacitor selection The TPS6014x requires only four external capacitors as shown in the basic application circuit. Their capacitance values are closely linked to the output current and output ripple requirements. For lowest ripple, low ESR (< 0.1 Ω) capacitors should be used at the input and output of the charge pump. The input capacitor improves system efficiency by reducing the input impedance. It also stabilizes the input current of the power source. The input capacitor should be chosen according to the power supply used and the distance from the power source to the converter IC. The input capacitor selection also depends on the output ripple requirements. Ci is recommended to be about two to four times as large as the flying capacitors. The lower the ESR of the input capacitor Ci, the lower is the output ripple. The output capacitor Co can be selected from 2-times to 50-times larger than the flying capacitor, depending on the ripple tolerance. The larger Co and the lower its ESR, the lower will be the output voltage ripple. Generally, the flying capacitors will be the smallest. Only ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their low ESR and because they retain their capacitance at the switching frequency. Please be aware that, depending on the material used to manufacture them, ceramic capacitors might lose their capacitance over temperature and voltage. Ceramic capacitors of type X7R or X5R material will keep their capacitance over temperature and voltage, whereas Z5U or Y5V-type capacitors will decrease in capacitance. Table 2 lists recommended capacitor values. 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION capacitor selection (continued) Table 2. Recommended Capacitor Values IO (mA) Ci (µF) C(xF) (µF) Co (µF) VPPTYP (mV) 0 – 50 4.7 2.2 4.7 40 0 – 100 4.7 2.2 10 40 0 – 100 4.7 2.2 22 18 If the measured output voltage ripple is too high for the application, improvements can be made. The first step is to increase the capacitance at the output. If the ripple is still too high, the second step would be to increase the capacitance at the input. For lower output currents, lower value flying capacitors can be used. Tables 3 and 4 lists the manufacturers of recommended capacitors. Table 3. Recommended Capacitors MANUFACTURER Taiyo Yuden AVX PART NUMBER CAPACITANCE CASE SIZE TYPE LMK212BJ105KG–T 1 µF 0805 Ceramic LMK212BJ225MG–T 2.2 µF 0805 Ceramic LMK316BJ475KL–T 4.7 µF 1206 Ceramic LMK325BJ106MN–T 10 µF 1210 Ceramic LMK432226MM–T 22 µF 1812 Ceramic 0805ZC105KAT2A 1 µF 0805 Ceramic 1206ZC225KAT2A 2.2 µF 1206 Ceramic NOTE: Case code compatibility with EIA 535BAAC and CECC30801 molded chips. Table 4. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers MANUFACTURER CAPACITOR TYPE INTERNET SITE Taiyo Yuden X7R/X5R ceramic http://www.t–yuden.com/ AVX X7R/X5R ceramic http://www.avxcorp.com/ POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION power dissipation The power dissipated in the TPS6014x depends mainly on input voltage and output current and is described by the following: P (DISS) + IO ǒ 3 x V – V I O Ǔ (5) By observation of the above equation, it can be seen that the power dissipation is worse for the highest input voltage VI and the highest output current IO. For an input voltage of 3.6 V and an output current of 100 mA, the calculated power dissipation P(DISS) is 580 mW. This is also the point where the charge pump operates with its lowest efficiency, which is only 45%, and hence with the highest power losses. P(DISS) must be less than that allowed by the package rating. The thermal resistance junction to ambient of the thermally enhanced TSSOP is 178°C/W for an unsoldered package. The thermal resistance junction to case, with the exposed thermal pad soldered to an infinitive heat sink, is 3.5°C/W. With the recommended maximum junction temperature of 125°C and an assumed maximum ambient operating temperature of 85°C, the maximum allowed thermal resistance junction to ambient of the system can be calculated as follows: R max ΘJA T A + 125°C – 85°C + 69°CńW + TPJmax –max 580 mW (DISS) (6) Using a board layout as described in the application information section, RΘJA is typically 56°C/W for an unsoldered PowerPad and 41°C/W for a soldered PowerPad. For more information, refer to the PowerPad application report (Literature Number: SLMA002). 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION layout and board space Careful board layout is necessary due to the high transient currents and switching frequency of the converter. All capacitors should be soldered in close proximity to the IC. Connect ground and power ground terminals through a short, low-impedance trace. A PCB layout proposal for a two-layer board is given in Figure 17. The bottom layer of the board carries only ground potential for best performance. The layout also provides improved thermal performance as the exposed lead frame of the PowerPad package is soldered to the PCB. An evaluation module for the TPS60140 is available and can be ordered under product code TPS60140EVM–144. The EVM uses the layout shown in Figure 17. NOTE: Actual size is 15 mm x 25 mm. Figure 17. Recommended Component Placement and Board Layout Table 5. Component Identification IC1 TPS6014x C1, C2 Flying capacitors C3, C6 Input capacitors C4, C5 Output capacitors C7 Stabilization capacitor for LBI R1, R2 Resistive divider for LBI R3 Pullup resistor for LBO The best performance of the converter is achieved with additional bypass capacitors C5 and C6 at the input and output. Capacitor C7 should be included if the large line transients are expected. The capacitors are not required. They can be omitted in most applications. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION related information application reports For more application information see: D D PowerPAD Application Report, Literature Number SLMA002 TPS6010x/TPS6011x Charge Pump Application Report, Literature Number SLVA070 device family products Other devices in this family are: 16 PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION TPS60100 Regulated 3.3-V, 200-mA low-noise charge pump dc-dc converter TPS60101 Regulated 3.3-V, 100-mA low-noise charge pump dc-dc converter TPS60110 Regulated 5-V, 300-mA low-noise charge pump dc-dc converter TPS60111 Regulated 5-V, 150-mA low-noise charge pump dc-dc converter TPS60120 Regulated 3.3-V, 200-mA high efficiency charge pump dc-dc converter with low-battery comparator TPS60121 Regulated 3.3-V, 200-mA high efficiency charge pump dc-dc converter with power-good comparator TPS60122 Regulated 3.3-V, 100-mA high efficiency charge pump dc-dc converter with low-battery comparator TPS60123 Regulated 3.3-V, 100-mA high efficiency charge pump dc-dc converter with power-good comparator TPS60130 Regulated 5-V, 300-mA high efficiency charge pump dc-dc converter with low-battery comparator TPS60131 Regulated 5-V, 300-mA high efficiency charge pump dc-dc converter with power-good comparator TPS60132 Regulated 5-V, 150-mA high efficiency charge pump dc-dc converter with low-battery comparator TPS60133 Regulated 5-V, 150-mA high efficiency charge pump dc-dc converter with power-good comparator POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60140, TPS60141 LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER SLVS273– FEBRUARY 2000 MECHANICAL DATA PWP (R-PDSO-G**) PowerPAD PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE 20 PINS SHOWN 0,30 0,19 0,65 20 0,10 M 11 Thermal Pad (See Note D) 4,50 4,30 0,15 NOM 6,60 6,20 Gage Plane 1 10 0,25 A 0°– 8° 0,75 0,50 Seating Plane 0,15 0,05 1,20 MAX PINS ** 0,10 14 16 20 24 28 A MAX 5,10 5,10 6,60 7,90 9,80 A MIN 4,90 4,90 6,40 7,70 9,60 DIM 4073225/F 10/98 NOTES: A. B. C. D. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions. The package thermal performance may be enhanced by bonding the thermal pad to an external thermal plane. This pad is electrically and thermally connected to the backside of the die and possibly selected leads. E. Falls within JEDEC MO-153 PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 17 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. 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