LTC4416/LTC4416-1 36V, Low Loss Dual PowerPath Controllers for Large PFETs DESCRIPTIO FEATURES U Designed Specifically to Drive Large and Small QG PFETs ■ Very Low Loss Replacement for Power Supply OR’ing Diodes ■ Wide Operating Voltage Range: 3.6V to 36V ■ –40°C to 125°C Operating Temperature Range ■ Reverse Battery Protection ■ Automatic Switching Between DC Sources ■ Low Quiescent Current: 35µA per Channel ■ Load Current Sharing ■ MOSFET Gate Protection Clamp ■ Precision Input Control Comparators for Setting Switchover Threshold Points ■ Open-Drain Feedback Points for Customer Specified Hysteresis Control ■ Minimal External Components ■ Space Saving 10-Lead MSOP Package ■ U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ High Current PowerPath Switch Industrial and Automotive Applications Uninterruptible Power Supplies Logic Controlled Power Switch Battery Backup System Emergency Systems with Battery Backups U V1 8.0 SUP75P03_07 cURRENT (A) LTC4416 GND 24.9k VIN 221k 3.6 LTc4416 VTH2 WITH HYSTERESIS VTH1 WITH HYSTERESIS 75k 182k LTC4416-1 H1 G1 E1 V1 GND G1 E2 VS H2 G2 E2 V2 H1 V2 H2 G2 V2 BACKUP SUPPLY SUP75P03_07 cONSTANT VOLTAGE VS 4416 TA01 V2 = 10.8V Under and Overvoltage Shutdown Operation cONSTANT RON 221k 187k The LTC4416/LTC4416-1 are available in low profile 10-lead MSOP packages. LTC4416 vs Schottky Diode Forward Voltage Drop Automatic PowerPath Switchover V1 = 12V (FAIL) V1 = 13.5V (RESTORE) PRIMARY SUPPLY The LTC4416 integrates two interconnected PowerPathTM controllers with soft switchover control. The “soft-off” switchover permits the users to transfer between two dissimilar voltages without excessive voltage undershoot (or VDROOP) in the output supply. The LTC4416/LTC4416-1 also contain a “fast-on” feature that dramatically increases gate drive current when the forward input voltage exceeds 25mV. The LTC4416 “fast off” feature is engaged when the sense voltage exceeds the input voltage by 25mV. The LTC4416-1 enables the fast off under the same conditions and when the other external P-channel device is selected using the enable pins. The wide operating supply range supports operation from one to eight Li-Ion cells in series. The low quiescent current (35µA per channel) is independent of the load current. The gate driver includes an internal voltage clamp for MOSFET protection. , LT, LTc and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology corporation. PowerPath is a trademark of Linear Technology corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. TYPICAL APPLICATIO The LTC ®4416/LTC4416-1 control two sets of external P-channel MOSFETs to create two near ideal diode functions for power switchover circuits. This permits highly efficient OR’ing of multiple power sources for extended battery life and low self heating. When conducting, the voltage drop across the MOSFET is typically 25mV. For applications with a wall adapter or other auxiliary power source, the load is automatically disconnected from the battery when the auxiliary source is connected. 0 24.9k ScHOTTKY DIODE 0.02 FORWARD VOLTAGE (V) GND 0.5 4416 TA01b 187k 24.3k E1 V1 GND VS VOUT TO LOAD 4416 TA01c UV ENABLED AT 5V, VIN RESTORED TO LOAD WHEN VIN RISES TO 5.5V OV ENABLED AT 13.5V, VIN RESTORED TO LOAD WHEN VIN FALLS TO 12V 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 W W W (Note 1) AXI U RATI GS U ABSOLUTE Supply Voltage (V1, V2)............................... –14V to 40V Voltage from V1 or V2 to VS........................ –40V to 40V Input Voltage E1, E2..................................................... –0.3V to 40V VS............................................................ –14V to 40V Output Voltage G1........ –0.3V to the Higher of V1 + 0.3V or VS + 0.3V G2........ –0.3V to the Higher of V2 + 0.3V or VS + 0.3V H1, H2...................................................... –0.3V to 7V Operating Ambient Temperature Range (Note 2) LTC4416E............................................. –40°C to 85°C LTC4416I............................................ –40°C to 125°C Operating Junction Temperature Range................................. –40°C to 125°C Storage Temperature Range.................... –65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)................... 300°C U W U PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO TOP VIEW H1 E1 GND E2 H2 10 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 4 5 G1 V1 VS V2 G2 MS PACKAGE 10-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP TJMAX = 130°C, θJA = 120°C/W Order part number MS part marking* LTC4416EMS LTC4416IMS LTC4416EMS-1 LTC4416IMS-1 ltcfc LTCFC LTCPS LTCPS Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. V1 = V2 = 12V, E1 = 2V, E2 = GND, GND = 0V. Current into a pin is positive and current out of a pin is negative. All voltages are referenced to GND, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VV1, VV2, VVS IQFL Operating Supply Range IQFH Quiescent Supply Current at High Supply While in Forward Regulation IQRL Quiescent Supply Current at Low Supply While in Reverse Turn-Off Quiescent Supply Current at High Supply While in Reverse Turn-Off Quiescent Supply Current at Low Supply with E1 and E2 Active Quiescent Supply Current at High Supply with E1 and E2 Active V1, V2 and VS Pin Leakage Currents When Other Pin Supplies Power (Note 4) V1, V2 and/or VS Must be in This Range for Proper Operation VV1 = 3.6V, VV2 = 3.6V. Measure Combined Current at V1, V2 and VS Pins Averaged with VVS = 3.560V and VVS = 3.6V (Note 3) VV1 = 36V, VV2 = 36V. Measure Combined Current at V1, V2 and VS Pins Averaged with VVS = 35.960V and VVS = 36V (Note 3) VV1 = 3.6V, VV2 = 3.6V. Measure Combined Current at V1, V2 and VS Pins with VVS = 3.7V VV1 = 35.9V, VV2 = 35.9V. Measure Combined Current at V1, V2 and VS Pins with VVS = 36V VV1 = 3.6V, VV2 = 3.6V, VV1 – VVS = 0.9V, VE1 = 0V, VE2 = 2V, V1 and V2 Measured Separately VV1 = 36V, VV2 = 36V, VV1 – VVS = 0.9V, VE1 = 0V, VE2 = 2V, V1 and V2 Measured Separately VV1 = VV2 = 28V, VVS = 0V. Measure IVS IQRH IQCL IQCH ILEAK Quiescent Supply Current at Low Supply While in Forward Regulation MIN TYP UNITS 36 V ● 70 µA ● 130 µA ● 70 µA ● 130 µA ● 30 µA l 65 µA ● 3.6 MAX –10 –1 1 µA VV1 = VV2 = 14V, VVS = –14V. Measure IVS –10 –1 1 µA VV1 = VV2 = 36V, VVS = 8V. Measure IVS –10 –1 1 µA PowerPath Controller VFR VRTO VFO PowerPath Switch Forward Regulation Voltage PowerPath Switch Reverse Turn-Off Threshold Voltage PowerPath Switch Forward Fast-On Voltage Comparator Threshold VV1, VV2 – VVS, 3.6V ≤ VV1, VV2 ≤ 36V, CG1 = CG2 = 3nF VV1, VV2 – VVS, 3.6V ≤ VV1, VV2 ≤ 36V, CG1 = CG2 = 3nF VV1, VV2 – VVS, 6V ≤ VV1, VV2 ≤ 36V, CG1 = CG2 = 3nF, IG1, IG2 > 500µA l 10 40 mV l –40 –10 mV l 50 125 mV 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. V1 = V2 = 12V, E1 = 2V, E2 = GND, GND = 0V. Current into a pin is positive and current out of a pin is negative. All voltages are referenced to GND, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN –9 15 500 l TYP MAX UNITS –2 200 G1, G2 Controller IG(SRC) IG(SNK) IG(FO) IG(OFF) VG(ON) GATE Active Forward Regulation Source Current Sink Current Sink Current During Fast-On Source Current During Fast-Off G1 and G2 Clamp Voltage VG(OFF) G1 and G2 Off Voltage tG(ON) G1 and G2 Turn-On Time (Note 5) (Note 6) (Note 7) (Note 12) Apply IG1 = IG2 = 2µA, VV1 = VV2 = 12V, VVS = 11.8V, Measure VV1 – VG1 or VV2 – VG2 Apply IG1 = IG2 = –30µA, VV1 = VV2 = 12V, VVS = 12.2V, Measure VV1 – VG1 or VV2 – VG2 VGS < –6V, CG = 17nF (Note 8) tG(OFF) G1 and G2 Turn-Off Time tE(OFF) Enable Comparator Turn-Off Delay 8.25 –500 9.1 µA µA µA µA V 0.350 0.920 V l 60 µs VGS > –1.5V, CG = 17nF (Note 9) l 30 µs (Note 14) LTC4416-1 Only l 6 µs 1 µA 100 mV 7.4 l H1 and H2 Open-Drain Drivers IH(OFF) H1 and H2 Off Current 3.6V ≤ VV1, VV2 ≤ 36V (Note 10) l –1 VH(ON) H1 and H2 On Voltage 3.6V ≤ VV1, VV2 ≤ 36V (Note 10) l tH(ON) H1 and H2 Turn-On Time (Note 11) 5 µs tH(OFF) H1 and H2 Turn-Off Time (Note 11) 10 µs 1.240 1.240 100 V V nA E1 and E2 Enable Input Comparators VREF E1 and E2 Input Threshold Voltage IE E1 and E2 Input Leakage Current IG(ENOFF) Source Current When Other Channel Enabled (Note 13) LTC4416 LTC4416-1 3.6V ≤ VV1, VV2 ≤ 36V, –40°C to 85°C 4V ≤ VV1, VV2 ≤ 36V, –40°C to 125°C 0V ≤ VE1, VE2 ≤ 1.5V Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: The LTC4416E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from 0°C to 85°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 85°C operating temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The LTC4416I is guaranteed and tested over the –40°C to 125°C operating temperature range. Note 3: This results in the same supply current as would be observed with an external P-channel MOSFET connected to the LTC4416 and operating in forward regulation. Note 4: Only 3 of 9 permutations illustrated. This specification is the same when power is provided through VS or V2. This specification is only valid when V1, V2 and VS are within 28V of each other. Note 5: V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. VS is set at 12V to measure the source current at either G1 or G2. Note 6: V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. VS is set at 11.96V to measure the sink current at either G1 or G2. Note 7: V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. VS is set at 11.875V to measure the sink current at either G1 or G2. l 1.180 1.180 –100 1.215 1.215 –9 –500 –3 µA µA Note 8: V1 and V2 are held at 12V and VS is stepped from 12.2V to 11.8V to trigger the event. G1 and G2 voltages are initially VG(OFF). Note 9: V1 and V2 are held at 12V and VS is stepped from 11.8V to 12.2V to trigger the event. G1 and G2 voltages are initially VG(ON). Note 10: H1 and H2 are forced to 2V. E1 and E2 are forced to 1.5V to measure the off current of H1 and H2. H1 and H2 are forced with 1mA to measure the on voltage of H1 and H2. Note 11: H1 and H2 are forced to 2V. E1 and E2 are stepped from 1.3V to 1.1V to measure tS(ON). E1 and E2 are stepped from 1.1V to 1.3V to measure tS(OFF). Note 12: V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. VS is set to 12.05V to measure the source current at either G1 or G2. Note 13: V1 and V2 are held at 12V and G1 and G2 are forced to 9V. VS is set to 12V to measure the source current at either G1 or G2 when the channel is deselected. Note 14: V1 and V2 are held at 12V, VS = 11.96V and G1 and G2 have a 4k resistor each to 9V. Measure the delay after the channel is disabled until the gate signal begins to pull high. 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS U W VFR vs Temperature and Supply Voltage VRTO vs Temperature and Supply Voltage –20 40 30 125°C –22 CURRENT (A) VRTO (mV) 27°C 27°C –23 125°C 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 35 –25 40 0 25 30 10 15 20 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 4416 G01 VGn(OFF) vs Temperature and IGn 0.50 0.40 IVS: VV1, VV2 – VVS = 28V 8.65 VIN = 36V 8.55 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 8.25 –50 0 50 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 4416 G06 tG(OFF) vs Temperature 55 CGn = 15nF VVS = VVIN – 200mV 10V ≤ VV1 VV2 ≤ 36V 50 45 tG(OFF) (µs) tG(ON) (µs) 0 4416 G05 tG(ON) vs Temperature tG(ON) (µs) AT 10V 50 tG(ON) (µs) AT 36V 25 tG(OFF) (µs) AT 36V 40 35 tG(OFF) (µs) AT 10V 30 25 CGn = 15nF VVS = VVIN + 200mV 10V ≤ VV1 VV2 ≤ 36V 20 0 IGn = 0µA 0 –50 150 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 4416 G04 0 –50 IGn = –10µA 0.20 0.10 8.35 75 0.30 8.45 –1.25 100 3.6V ≤ VV1 VV2 ≤ 36V VVS = VVIN + 200mV IGn = –20µA VIN = 10V VGn(OFF) (V) IV2: VV1, VVS – VV2 = 28V 50 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) 8.75 VGn(ON) (V) CURRENT (µA) IV1: VV2, VVS – VV1 = 28V 0 0 4416 G03 IGn = 2µA VV1 = VV2 = VVIN VVS = VVIN – 200mV 8.85 –1.00 –1.50 –50 0.80 –50 –25 40 VGn(ON) vs Temperature and VIN 8.95 –0.25 –0.75 35 NORMALIZED AT VIN = 3.6V VIN = 20V VIN = 36V 4416 G02 V1, V2 and VS Pin Leakage vs Temperature –0.50 1.00 0.90 –24 0 VV1 = VV2 = VVS = VVIN 3.6V ≤ VVIN ≤ 36V 1.10 –40°C –40°C VFR (mV) 1.20 –21 35 20 Normalized Quiescent Supply Current vs Temperature 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 4416 G07 15 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 4416 G08 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 PI FU CTIO S U U U H1 (Pin 1): Open-Drain Comparator Output of the E1 Pin. If E1 > VREF, the H1 pin will go high impedance, otherwise the pin will be grounded. The maximum voltage permitted on this pin is 7V. This pin provides support for setting up hysterisis to an external resistor network. E1 (Pin 2): LTC4416 Comparator Enable Input. A high signal greater than VREF will enable the V1 path. The ideal diode action will then determine if the V1 path should turn on by controlling any PFET(s) connected to the G1 pin. If the E1 signal is driven low, the V1 path will perform a “soft-off” provided the PFET(s) are properly configured for blocking DC current. An internal current sink will pull the E1 pin down when the E1 input exceeds 1.5V. E1 (Pin 2): LTC4416-1 Comparator Enable Input. A high signal greater than VREF will enable the V1 path. The ideal diode action will then determine if the V1 path should turn on by controlling any PFET(s) connected to the G1 pin. If the E1 signal is driven low, the V1 path will be quickly disabled by enabling the “fast-off” feature, pulling the G1 gate high. An internal current sink will pull the E1 pin down when the E1 input exceeds 1.5V. GND (Pin 3): Ground. This pin provides a power return path for all the internal circuits. E2 (Pin 4): LTC4416 Comparator Enable Input. A low signal less than VREF will enable the V2 path. The ideal diode action will then determine if the V2 path should turn on by controlling any PFET(s) connected to the G2 pin. If the E2 signal is driven high, the V2 path will perform a “soft-off” provided the PFET(s) are properly configured for blocking DC current. An internal current sink will pull the E2 pin down when the E2 input exceeds 1.5V. E2 (Pin 4): LTC4416-1 Comparator Enable Input. A low signal less than VREF will enable the V2 path. The ideal diode action will then determine if the V2 path should turn on by controlling any PFET(s) connected to the G2 pin. If the E2 signal is driven high, the V2 path will be quickly disabled by enabling the “fast-off” feature, pulling the G2 gate high. An internal current sink will pull the E2 pin down when the E2 input exceeds 1.5V. H2 (Pin 5): Open-Drain Comparator Output of the E2 Pin. If E2 > VREF, the H2 pin will go high impedance, otherwise the pin will be grounded. The maximum voltage permitted on this pin is 7V. This pin provides support for setting up hysterisis to an external resistor network. G2 (Pin 6): Second P-Channel MOSFET Power Switch Gate Drive Pin. This pin is directed by the second power controller to maintain a forward regulation voltage (VFR) of 25mV between the V2 and VS pins when V2 is greater than VS. When V2 is less than VS, the G2 pin will pull up to the VS pin voltage, turning off the second P-channel power switch. V2 (Pin 7): Second Input Supply Voltage. Supplies power to the second power controller and the band-gap reference. V2 is one of the two voltage sense inputs to the second internal power controller (the other input to the second internal power controller is the VS pin). This input is usually supplied power from the second, or backup, power source. This pin can be bypassed to ground with a capacitor in the range of 0.1µF to 10µF if needed to suppress load transients. VS (Pin 8): Power Sense Input Pin. Supplies power to the internal circuitry of both the first and second power controller and the band-gap reference. This pin is also a voltage sense input to both internal analog controllers (the other input to the first controller is the V1 pin and the other input to the second controller is the V2 pin.) This input may also be supplied power from an auxiliary source which also supplies current to the load. V1 (Pin 9): First Input Supply Voltage. Supplies power to the first power controller and the band-gap reference. V1 is one of the two voltage sense inputs to the first internal power controller (the other input to the first internal power controller is the VS pin). This input is usually supplied power from the first, or primary, power source. This pin can be bypassed to ground with a capacitor in the range of 0.1µF to 10µF if needed to suppress load transients. G1 (Pin 10): First P-Channel MOSFET Power Switch Gate Drive Pin. This pin is directed by the first power controller to maintain a forward regulation voltage (VFR) of 25mV between the V1 and VS pins when V1 is greater than VS. When V1 is less than VS, the G1 pin will pull up to the VS pin voltage, turning off the first P-channel power switch. 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 BLOCK DIAGRA W RAIL1 9 8 V1 VS IG(SRC) FIRST ANALOG CONTROLLER A1 IG(OFF) 8.5V G1 EN2 IG(SNK) IGFON(SNK) 10 IG1 EN1 2 E1 H1 + C1 VREF EN1 1 – 3 GND RAILBG BAND-GAP REFERENCE VREF RAIL2 7 V2 SECOND ANALOG CONTROLLER A2 EN2 4 E2 EN1 EN2 IG(SRC) IG(OFF) 8.5V G2 IG(SNK) IGFON(SNK) H2 + 6 IG2 5 C2 VREF – 4416 BD U OPERATIO Operation can best be understood by referring to the Block Diagram which illustrates the internal circuit blocks. The LTC4416/LTC4416-1 are divided into three sections, namely: 1.The channel 1 controller consisting of A1, C1, the “first analog contoller,” the G1 drivers and the H1 output driver. 2.The band-gap reference 3.The channel 2 controller consisting of A2, C2, the “second analog controller,” the G2 drivers and the H2 output driver. Each of the three sections has its own derived internal power supply referred to as a rail. RAIL1 provides power to the channel 1 controller. RAIL2 provides power to the channel 2 controller. The internal RAILBG provides power to the band-gap reference. The internal rail1 derives its power from the higher voltage of V1 and VS. The internal rail2 derives its power from the higher voltage of V2 and VS. RAILBG derives its power from the highest voltage of V1, V2, and VS. All three sections share a common ground connected to the GND pin. 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 U OPERATIO The band-gap reference provides internal bias currents used by the channel 1 and channel 2 controllers. It also provides a precision voltage reference, VREF, used by comparators C1 and C2. The band-gap reference is powered as long as a minimum operational voltage is present on either V1, V2, or VS. approaches the forward regulation voltage, VFR, the IG(SNK) current will be proportional to VV1 – VVS. When VV1 – VVS > VFON, the A1 activates the fast-on condition, tG(ON), and the IG1 current is set to IGFON(SNK). The C1 and C2 comparators provide a fixed comparison between the E1 and E2 inputs, respectively, and the internal VREF signal. The comparator outputs are directly represented by the H1 and H2 open-drain outputs. The output states of H1 and H2 are not dependent upon the relative voltage difference between VV1 – VVS and VV2 – VVS, respectively. If VE1 is less than VREF, the H1 open-drain output will be low impedance to GND. If VE2 is less than VREF, the H2 open-drain output will be low impedance to GND. The interaction of the LTC4416 analog controllers distinguish the operation of the LTC4416 from a simple circuit using two PowerPath controllers. Table 1 explains the different operation modes of the analog controllers. The A1 and A2 circuits act both as a high side transconductance amplifiers and as comparators. Both A1 and A2 act identically when the analog controllers are fully enabled. The relationship of the G1 current is represented by Figure 1. When VV1 – VVS < VRTO, the A1 activates the reverse turnoff condition and the IG1 current is IG(OFF). When VRTO < VV1 – VVS < VFR, the A1 acts as a class A output and the IG1 current is fixed at IG(SRC). As the VV1 – VVS voltage IGFON(SNK) VRTO IG(OFF) E1 E2 Operation Mode IG(OFF)1 IG(OFF)2 1 0 Load Sharing Enabled Enabled 1 Sense V1 is Less Than V2 Sense 0 V1 is Greater Than V2 0 X Channel 1 Disabled. Do Not Use X 1 Channel 2 Disabled. Do Not Use 0 1 Both Channels Disabled Enabled Enabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled The LTC4416 has six modes of operation. Each mode of operation is dependent upon the configuration of the E1 and E2 input pins. Load Sharing Operation V1 is Less Than V2 Operation IG(SNK) VFR Table 1. LTC4416 Operational Modes The load sharing mode configures the LTC4416 into two independent PowerPath controllers. This is accomplished by fully enabling both the first analog controller and the second analog controller. Both channels will implement the gate drive outlined in Figure 1. IG1 IG(SRC) LTC4416 Operation VFON NOT DRAWN TO SCALE Figure 1. IG1 vs VV1 – VVS VV1 – VVS Channel 1 is fully enabled. If VV1 – VVS < VRTO, channel 1 will implement all of the IG1 currents listed in Figure 1. When VE2 is above the VREF threshold, channel 2 is in a “soft-off mode”. This means that G2 will only provide an IG(SRC) current instead of either an IG(SRC) or an IG(OFF) current. 4416 F01 When VE2 is below the VREF threshold, channel 2 is fully enabled, and G2 will become active implementing the IG output current listed in Figure 1. 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 U OPERATIO V1 is Greater Than V2 Operation Both Channels Disabled When VE1 is below the VREF threshold, channel 1 is in a “soft-off mode”. This means that G1 will only provide an IG(SRC) current instead of an IG(SNK) or an IGFON(SNK) current. When both channels of the LTC4416 are disabled, both G1 and G2 currents are set to IG(SRC). When VE1 is above the VREF threshold, channel 1 is immediately fully enabled, and G1 will become active implementing the output current listed in Figure 1. Channel 2 is fully enabled. If VV1 – VVS < VRTO, channel 2 will implement all of the IG2 currents listed in Figure 1. Channel 1 is Disabled The LTC4416 is not designed to have channel 1 disabled by grounding E1 and leaving E2 in an indeterminate state. If this happens, the channel 2 PowerPath controller will not have reverse turn-off capability. No electrical harm to the LTC4416 will occur. Channel 2 is Disabled The LTC4416 is not designed to have channel 2 disabled by connecting E2 high and leaving E1 in an indeterminate state. If this happens, the channel 1 PowerPath controller will not have reverse turn-off capability. No electrical harm to the LTC4416 will occur. LTC4416-1 Operation The LTC4416-1 is designed for overvoltage/undervoltage protection or when either voltage path must be turned off rapidly, regardless of the status of the other voltage input. The LTC4416-1 does not implement the soft-off feature implemented in the LTC4416. The E1 and E2 inactive will force the IG current of their respective channel to IG(OFF). Table 2 explains the operation of the E1 and E2 inputs. The term “active” implies that IG(OFF) current is forced on the Gn pins regardless of the VVn – VVS value. The term “enabled” implies that IG(OFF) current is provide on the Gn pins if and only if VVn – VVS < VRTO. Table.2 LTC4416-1 Operational Modes E1 E2 Operation Mode IG(OFF)1 Active 0 X Undervoltage Protection X 1 Overvoltage Protection 1 X Channel 1 PowerPath X 0 Channel 2 PowerPath IG(OFF)2 Active Enabled Enabled APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO U W U U LTC4416 The LTC4416 is designed to support three major applications. The first two applications assume that V1 is the primary power source and V2 is the backup power source. The first application is where the V1 power supply is normally less than V2. The second application is where the V1 power supply is normally greater than V2. The third application addresses the load sharing case where both V1 and V2 are relatively equal in value. V1 is Less Than V2 Figure 2 illustrates the external resistor configuration for this case. V1 V1 = 9V (FAIL) V1 = 10.8V (RESTORE) PRIMARY SUPPLY Q1 SUP75P03_07 R2A 158k LTC4416 R2E 105k GND R2C 24.9k E1 V1 H1 G1 GND VS E2 G2 H2 V2 V2 VS 4416 F02 V2 = 14.4V BACKUP SUPPLY Q2 Q3 SUP75P03_07 Figure 2 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO U U W U This configuration would be used where V1 is a 12V power supply and the V2 power supply is a 4-cell Li-Ion battery pack. When V1 is 12V, E2 disables the V2 source from being connected to VS through Q2A and Q2B by forcing G2 to V2, H2 is open circuit. E1 is connected to a voltage greater than the VREF to keep the V1 to VS path active. The VS output can be shut completely off by grounding the E1 input. The LTC4416 takes its power from the higher of V1, V2 and VS. This configuration will provide power from V1 to VS until the V1 supply drops below 9V. When V1 drops below 9V, the H2 pin closes to GND, G2 drops to a VCLAMP below V2 and G1 rises to the VS voltage level. V2 will supply current to VS until V1 rises above 10.8V. The H1 output will be open until the E1 input drops below the VREF voltage level. The V1 VFAIL is determined by: VFAIL = VETH • R2A + R2c R2c = 1.222V • V1 R1A 221k R1D 187k 24.9k 105k V1 GND G1 E2 VS H2 G2 H1 V2 VS 4416 F03 V2 = 10.8V BACKUP SUPPLY Q3 SUP75P03_07 Figure 3 When V1 drops below 12V, the H1 pin closes to GND, G2 drops to a VCLAMP below V2 and G1 rises to the V1 voltage level. V2 will supply current to VS until V1 rises above 13.5V. The H2 output will be shorted to GND until the E2 input goes above the VREF voltage level. R2c R2E ( E1 V2 VFAIL = VETH • (R2A + (R2c R2E)) • = 1.222V • LTC4416 R1C 24.9k GND The V1 VRESTORE is determined by: 1558k + 24.9k 105k SUP75P03_07 Q1 Q2 PRIMARY SUPPLY The V1 VFAIL is determined by: 158k + 24.9k = 8.98 V 24.9kk VRESTORE = VETH V1 = 12V (FAIL) V1 = 13.5V (RESTORE) ) = 10.81V This configuration would be used where V1 is a 12V power supply and the V2 power supply is a 3-cell Li-Ion battery pack. When V1 is 16V, E1 enables the V1 source as being the primary supply, thus disabling the V2 supply since V1 > V2. When E1 > VREF, the H1 output is open. The VS output can be shut completely off by grounding the H1 input and forcing E2 > VREF. The LTC4416 takes its power from the higher of V1, V2 and VS. This configuration will provide power from V1 to VS until the V1 supply drops below 12V. = 1.222V • 221k + 24.9k = 12.07 V 24.9kk The V1 VRESTORE is determined by: VRESTORE = VETH • V1 is Greater Than V2 Figure 3 illustrates the external resistor configuration for this case. R1A + R1c R1c (R1A + (R1c R1D)) = 1.222V • R1c R1D ( 2221k + 24.9k 187k 24.9k 187k ) = 13.51V Load Sharing Figure 4 illustrates the configuration for this case. This configuration would be used where V1 and V2 are relatively the same voltage. In this case the LTC4416 acts as two interconnected ideal diode controllers. VS will be supplied by the higher of the two supplies, V1 and V2. If V1 and V2 are exactly the same, then 50% of the current for VS will be supplied by each supply. As the two supplies 4416fa LTC4416/LTC4416-1 APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO U U W U differ by more than 100mV, 100% of the load will come from the higher of V1 or V2. The user has the option of using E1 and E2 to disable one of the two supplies by connecting them to a digital controller. If E1 is brought low, V1 will no longer supply current to VS. If E2 is brought high, V2 will no longer supply current to VS. If E1 is brought low and E2 is brought high, VS will be disabled. Figure 5 shows the same application without the shutdown option. It has one-half the losses of Figure 4 and is configured for 5V rails. V1 Si7483ADP Q1 Q2 V1 = 12V LTC4416 E1 TO HOST CONTROLLER GND E2 E1 V1 H1 G1 GND VS E2 G2 H2 V2 V2 Q3 Q4 Si7483ADP Figure 4 Refer to Figure 6 for an application circuit which disables the power to the load when the input voltage gets too low or too high. When VIN starts from zero volts, the load to the output is disabled until VIN reaches 5.5V. The V1 path is enabled and the load remains on the input until the supply exceeds 13.5V. At that voltage, the V2 path is disabled. As the input falls, the voltage source will be reconnected to the load when the input drops to 12V and the V2 path is enabled. Finally, the load will be removed from the input supply when the voltage drops below 5V. VIN R1A 75k R2A 221k VTH2 WITH HYSTERESIS R2C 24.9k GND Q1 Si7495DP SUPPLY 1 V1 5V Under and Overvoltage Shutdown VS 4416 F04 V2 = 12V disabled. This rapid turn-off feature is desirable when the supply cannot tolerate certain voltage excursions under load, or when the load is being protected from a rapidly changing input supply. VTH1 WITH HYSTERESIS R1D 182k R2E R1C 187k 24.3k V2 5V V1 E1 G1 GND VS E2 G2 H2 V2 V1 GND VS E2 V2 H2 G2 VOUT TO LOAD 4416 F06 Figure 6 VS 5V Undervoltage VFAIL = VETH • 4416 F05 SUPPLY 2 E1 UV ENABLED AT 5V, VIN RESTORED TO LOAD WHEN VIN RISES TO 5.5V OV ENABLED AT 13.5V, VIN RESTORED TO LOAD WHEN VIN FALLS TO 12V LTC4416 H1 LTC4416-1 H1 G1 Q2 Si7495DP Figure 5. Dual PowerPath for Current Sharing = 1.222V • 75k + 24.3k = 4.99 V 24.3k VRESTORE = VETH • LTC4416-1 The LTC4416-1 will support all three of the LTC4416 applications without the “soft-off” feature. The only difference in the two designs is the LTC4416-1 will rapidly switch off the load from a supply whenever a channel is R1A + R1c R1c (R1A + (R1c R1D)) = 1.222V • R1c R1D ( 755k + 24.3k 182k 24.3k 182k ) = 5.497V 4416fa 10 LTC4416/LTC4416-1 APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO U Figure 9 contains a rapidly changing input voltage on a much smaller time scale in comparison to Figure 8. The LTC4416 will require the tE(OFF) time prior to the rapid pullup current being applied. The gate voltage will be pulled high with IG(OFF) which has a minimum current of 500µA. The discharge time of the gate will be dependent on the capacitance of the external FET and the initial gate-source voltage of the circuit. The total time delay will equal: U VFAIL = VETH • R2A + R2c|| R2E R2c|| R2E = 1.222V • 221k + 24.9k || 187k = 13.51V 24.9k || 187k VRESTORE = VETH • R2A + R2c R2c 221k + 24.9k = 1.222V • = 12.07 V 244.9k The over and undervoltage lockout circuits are shown here working in tandem. It is possible to configure the circuit for either over or undervoltage lockout by using only one of the voltage paths and eliminating the components from the other. Refer to Figure 7 for an LTC4416-1 configured for overvotlage protection. If the input does not go below ground, transistor Q1 can be eliminated. The LTC4416-1 should be used in this configuration rather than the LTC4416 because the LTC4416-1 will turn-off rapidly if an over or undervoltage condition is detected. Refer to Figure 8 for a comparison of the transient response of the two ICs using the circuit configuration of Figure 6. The LTC4416 will not turn-off quickly in an overvoltage or undervoltage condition because the “fast-off” feature is not enabled. This will cause the output to travel beyond the desired range. VTH2 WITH HYSTERESIS R2C 24.9k GND Q1 R2A 221k cGS • ∆V IG(OFF) 20 VOUT LTC4416 15 VOUT LTC4416-1 10 5 VIN VOUT LTC4416 0 20 40 TIME (ms) V1 GND VS E2 V2 H2 G2 VOUT TO LOAD 4416 F07 Figure 7. LTC4416-1 Configured for Overvoltage Protection 80 4416 F08 VIN LTC4416 13.55 E1 60 Figure 8. Transient Response of the LTC4416 vs the LTC4416-1 Light Load with a Large Capacitor on VOUT 13.60 R1A 100k VOUT LTC4416-1 0 Q2 LTC4416-1 H1 G1 R2E 187k = tE(OFF ) + VOLTAGE (V) VIN tDELAY = tE(OFF ) + tDIScHARGE VOLTAGE (V) U W Overvoltage LTC4416-1 GATE DISCHARGE TIME ∆V =C I G(OFF) 13.50 13.45 tE(OFF) 13.40 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 TIME (µs) 30 35 40 4416 F09 Figure 9. Close Up of the Transient Response of the LTC4416-1 to a Rapidly Rising Input 4416fa Information furnished by Linear Technology corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 11 LTC4416/LTC4416-1 PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO U MS Package 10-Lead Plastic MSOP (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1661) 0.254 (.010) 0.889 ± 0.127 (.035 ± .005) DETAIL “A” 0° – 6° TYP GAUGE PLANE 5.23 (.206) MIN 0.53 ± 0.152 (.021 ± .006) 3.20 – 3.45 (.126 – .136) DETAIL “A” 0.50 0.305 ± 0.038 (.0197) (.0120 ± .0015) BSc TYP REcOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 0.18 (.007) SEATING PLANE NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INcH) 2. DRAWING NOT TO ScALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INcLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXcEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INcLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXcEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD cOPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 0.17 – 0.27 (.007 – .011) TYP 3.00 ± 0.102 (.118 ± .004) (NOTE 3) 0.86 (.034) REF 1.10 (.043) MAX 0.50 (.0197) BSc 0.127 ± 0.076 (.005 ± .003) 10 9 8 7 6 0.497 ± 0.076 (.0196 ± .003) REF 3.00 ± 0.102 (.118 ± .004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ± 0.152 (.193 ± .006) MSOP (MS) 0603 1 2 3 4 5 RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC1473 Dual PowerPath Switch Driver Switches and Isolates Sources Up to 30V LTC1479 PowerPath Controller for Dual Battery Systems Complete PowerPath Management for Two Batteries; DC Power Source, Charger and Backup LTC1558/LTC1559 Back-Up Battery Controller with Programmable Output Adjustable Backup Voltage from 1.2V NiCd Button Cell, Includes Boost Converter LT®1579 300mA Dual Input Smart Battery Back-Up Regulator Maintains Output Regulation with Dual Inputs, 0.4V Dropout at 300mA LTC1733/LTC1734 Monolithic Linear Li-Ion Chargers Thermal Regulation, No External MOSFET/Sense Resistor LTC1998 2.5µA, 1% Accurate Programmable Battery Detector Adjustable Trip Voltage/Hysteresis, ThinSOTTM LTC4055 USB Power Controller and Li-Ion Linear Charger Automatic Battery Switchover, Thermal Regulation, Accepts Wall Adapter and USB Power, 4mm × 4mm QFN LTC4066 USB Power Controller and Battery Charger Charges Single Cell Li-Ion Batteries Directly from a USB Port, Thermal Regulation, 50mΩ Ideal Diode, 4mm × 4mm QFN24 Package LTC4085 USB Power Manager with Ideal Diode Controller and Li-Ion Charger Charges Single Cell Li-Ion Batteries Directly from a USB Port, Thermal Regulation, 200mΩ Ideal Diode <50mΩ Option, 4mm × 3mm DFN14 Package LTC4354 Negative Voltage Diode-OR Controller and Monitor Replaces Power Schottky Diodes; 80V Operation LTC4410 USB Power Manager in ThinSOT Enables Simultaneous Battery Charging and Operation of USB Component Peripheral Devices LTC4411 SOT-23 Ideal Diode 2.6A Forward Current, 28mV Regulated Forward Voltage LTC4412HV 36V, Low Loss PowerPath Controller in MSOP –40°C to –125°C Operation; Automatic Switching Between DC Sources LTC4413 Dual 2.6A, 2.5V to 5.5V Ideal Diodes in 3mm × 3mm DFN 100mΩ ON Resistance, 1µA Reverse Leakage Current, 28mV Regulated Forward Voltage LTC4414 36V, Low Loss PowerPath Controller for Large PFETs Drives Large QG PFETs, Very Low Loss Replacement for Power Supply O’Ring Diodes, 3.5V to 36V AC/DC Adapter Voltage Range, MSOP-8 Package ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. 4416fa 12 Linear Technology Corporation LT 0507 REV A • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2005