ACST4 Overvoltage protected AC switch Features ■ Triac with overvoltage protection ■ Low IGT (<10 mA) or high immunity (IGT<35 mA) version ■ High noise immunity: static dV/dt > 1000 V/µs ■ TO-220FPAB insulated package: 1500 V rms OUT COM DPAK ACST410-8B ACST435-8B Benefits ■ Enables equipment to meet IEC 61000-4-5 ■ High off-state reliability with planar technology ■ Needs no external overvoltage protection ■ Reduces the power passive component count ■ High immunity against fast transients described in IEC 61000-4-4 standards G OUT COM G Figure 1. TO-220FPAB ACST410-8FP ACST435-8FP Functional diagram OUT Applications ■ AC mains static switching in appliance and industrial control systems ■ Drive of medium power AC loads such as: – Universal motor of washing machine drum – Compressor for fridge or air conditioner Description The ACST4 series belongs to the ACS™/ACST power switch family built with A.S.D.® (application specific discrete) technology. This high performance device is suited to home appliances or industrial systems, and drives loads up to 4 A. This ACST4 switch embeds a Triac structure and a high voltage clamping device able to absorb the inductive turn-off energy and withstand line transients such as those described in the IEC 61000-4-5 standards. The ACST410 needs only a low gate current to be activated (IGT < 10 mA) and still shows a high noise immunity complying with IEC standards such as IEC 61000-4-4 (fast transient burst test). December 2009 G COM Table 1. Device summary Symbol Value Unit IT(RMS) 4 A VDRM/VRRM 800 V IGT (ACST410) 10 mA IGT (ACST435) 35 mA TM: ACS is a trademark of STMicroelectronics. ®: A.S.D. is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 1/13 www.st.com 13 Characteristics ASCT4 1 Characteristics Table 2. Absolute ratings (limiting values) Symbol IT(RMS) Parameter On-state rms current (full sine wave) Value TO-220FPAB Tc = 102 °C DPAK Tc = 112 °C 4 A DPAK with Tamb = 60 °C 0.5 cm2 copper ITSM I2t Unit 1 Non repetitive surge peak on-state current F = 60 Hz Tj initial = 25 °C, ( full cycle sine wave) F = 50 Hz tp = 16.7 ms 32 A tp = 20 ms 30 A I2t tp = 10 ms 6 A2s Tj = 125 °C 100 A/µs for fuse selection dI/dt Critical rate of rise on-state current IG = 2 x IGT, (tr ≤ 100 ns) VPP Non repetitive line peak pulse voltage (1) Tj = 25 °C 2 kV Average gate power dissipation Tj = 125 °C 0.1 W PGM Peak gate power dissipation (tp = 20 µs) Tj = 125 °C 10 W IGM Peak gate current (tp = 20 µs) Tj = 125 °C 1.6 A Tstg Storage temperature range -40 to +150 °C Tj Operating junction temperature range -40 to +125 °C Tl Maximum lead solder temperature during 10 ms (at 3 mm from plastic case) 260 °C 1500 V PG(AV) F = 120 Hz TO-220FPAB VINS(RMS) Insulation rms voltage 1. According to test described in IEC 61000-4-5 standard and Figure 19. Table 3. Symbol Electrical characteristics Test conditions Quadrant Tj ACST410 ACST435 Unit IGT(1) VOUT = 12 V, RL = 33 Ω I - II - III 25 °C MAX. 10 35 mA VGT VOUT = 12 V, RL = 33 Ω I - II - III 25 °C MAX. 1.0 1.1 V VGD VOUT = VDRM, RL = 3.3 kΩ I - II - III 125 °C MIN. IH(2) IOUT = 500 mA 25 °C MAX. 20 25 mA IL IG = 1.2 x IGT 25 °C MAX. 40 60 mA 125 °C MIN. 500 1000 V/µs 125 °C MIN. 5 A/ms dV/dt (2) I - II - III VOUT = 67 % VDRM, gate open (dI/dt)c(2) Without snubber (2) (dI/dt)c VCL (dV/dt)c = 15 V/µs 125 °C ICL = 0.1 mA, tp = 1 ms 25 °C 1. Minimum IGT is guaranteed at 5% of IGT max 2. For both polarities of OUT pin referenced to COM pin 2/13 Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 0.2 2 MIN. V A/ms 850 V ASCT4 Characteristics Table 4. Static characteristics Symbol Test conditions Value Unit VTM(1) IOUT = 5.6 A, tp = 500 µs Tj = 25 °C MAX. 1.7 V VT0(1) Threshold voltage Tj = 125 °C MAX. 0.9 V Rd(1) Dynamic resistance Tj = 125 °C MAX. 110 mΩ IDRM IRRM Tj = 25 °C MAX. 20 µA VOUT = VDRM/ VRRM Tj = 125 °C MAX. 500 µA Value Unit 1. For both polarities of OUT pin referenced to COM pin Table 5. Thermal resistances Symbol Parameter Junction to ambient Rth(j-a) Rth(j-c) Figure 2. 6 TO-220FPAB 60 DPAK 70 TO-220FPAB 4.6 DPAK 2.6 °C/W 2 Junction to ambient (soldered on 0.5 cm copper pad) Junction to case for full cycle sine wave conduction °C/W Maximum power dissipation versus Figure 3. on-state rms current P(W) α = 180° 5 180° On-state rms current versus case temperature (full cycle) IT(RMS)(A) α=180° 5 DPAK 4 TO220FPAB 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 IT(RMS)(A) 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 TC (°C) 0 0 Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 25 50 75 100 125 3/13 Characteristics Figure 4. 2.0 ASCT4 On-state rms current versus ambient temperature (free air convection, full cycle) Figure 5. IT(RMS)(A) 1.0E+00 Relative variation of thermal impedance versus pulse duration K = [Zth / Rth] Zth(j-c) α=180° DPAK TO-220FPAB Zth(j-a) 1.5 DPAK with copper surface = 0.5 cm2 TO-220FPAB 1.0E-01 1.0 0.5 Tp(s) Ta(°C) 0.0 1.0E-02 0 25 Figure 6. 50 75 100 125 Relative variation of gate trigger current (IGT) and voltage (VGT) versus junction temperature Figure 7. IGT, VGT[Tj] / IGT, VGT[Tj = 25 °C] 3.0 1.0E-03 2.5 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+03 Relative variation of holding current (IH) and latching current (IL) versus junction temperature IH, IL[Tj] / IH, IL[Tj = 25 °C] (typical values) (typical values) IGT Q3 2.5 1.0E+02 2.0 IGT Q1-Q2 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 VGT Q1-Q2-Q3 1.0 IL 0.5 0.5 IH Tj(°C) 0.0 -50 -25 Figure 8. 35 Tj(°C) 0.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 Surge peak on-state current versus number of cycles -50 -25 Figure 9. ITSM(A) 1000 0 25 50 75 100 125 Non repetitive surge peak on-state current and corresponding value of I2t versus sinusoidal pulse width ITSM(A), I²t (A²s) dl /dt limitation: 100 A / µs Tj initial = 25 °C 30 t=20ms 25 One cycle Non repetitive Tj initial=25 °C 100 ITSM 20 15 10 I²t 10 Repetitive TC=102°C 5 Number of cycles 0 1 4/13 10 100 1000 1 0.01 Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 tp (ms) 0.10 1.00 10.00 ASCT4 Characteristics Figure 10. On-state characteristics (maximum values) 100 Figure 11. Relative variation of critical rate of decrease of main current (dI/dt)c versus junction temperature ITM(A) (dI/dt)c [Tj] / (dl/dt)c [Tj = 125 °C] 8 Tjmax: Vto = 0.90 V Rd = 110 mΩ 7 6 5 10 4 3 2 Tj = 125 °C 1 Tj = 25 °C VTM(V) 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 12. Relative variation of static dV/dt immunity versus junction temperature (gate open) 6 Tj(°C) 0 25 50 75 100 125 Figure 13. Relative variation of leakage current versus junction temperature dV/dt [Tj] / dV/dt [Tj = 125 °C] VD = VR = 536 V IDRM/IRRM [Tj; VDRM / VRRM] / IDRM/IRRM [Tj = 125 °C; 800 V] 1.0E+00 VDRM = VRRM = 800V 5 Different blocking voltages 4 1.0E-01 VDRM = VRRM = 600 V 3 1.0E-02 2 VDRM = VRRM = 200 V 1 Tj(°C) 0 25 50 75 100 125 Figure 14. Relative variation of the clamping voltage (VCL) versus junction temperature (minimum values) 1.15 VCL[Tj] / VCL [Tj = 25 °C] Tj(°C) 1.0E-03 25 50 100 125 Figure 15. Thermal resistance junction to ambient versus copper surface under tab 100 Rth(j-a)(°C/W) Printed circuit board FR4, copper thickness = 35 µm 90 1.10 75 DPAK 80 70 1.05 60 1.00 50 40 0.95 30 20 0.90 0.85 -50 Tj(°C) 10 SCU(cm²) 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 5/13 Application information ASCT4 2 Application information 2.1 Typical application description The ACST4 device has been designed to control medium power load, such as AC motors in home appliances. Thanks to its thermal and turn off commutation performances, the ACST4 switch is able to drive an inductive load up to 4 A with no turn off additional snubber. It also provides high thermal performances in static and transient modes such as the compressor inrush current or high torque operating conditions of an AC motor. Thanks to its low gate triggering current level, the ACST4 can be driven directly by an MCU through a simple gate resistor as shown Figure 16 and Figure 17. Figure 16. Compressor control – typical diagrams Compressor Compressor AC Mains AC Mains 2 PTC Electronic starter 1 logical circuitry PTC ACST Start switch 3 ACST ACST Run switch Electronic thermostat ACST Rg Power supply Gate Driver Rg Power supply Compressor with integrated e-starter 6/13 Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 Rg Gate Driver Compressor with external electronic drive ASCT4 Application information Figure 17. Universal drum motor control – typical diagram Universal motor Stator Rotor 12V AC Mains Motor direction setting MCU Speed motor regulation ACST Rg Vcc MCU 2.2 AC line transient voltage ruggedness In comparison with standard Triacs, which are not robust against surge voltage, the ACST4 is self-protected against over-voltage, specified by the new parameter VCL. The ACST4 switch can safely withstand AC line transient voltages either by clamping the low energy spikes, such as inductive spikes at switch off, or by switching to the on state (for less than 10 ms) to dissipate higher energy shocks through the load. This safety feature works even with high turn-on current ramp up. The test circuit of Figure 18 represents the ACST4 application, and is used to stress the ACST switch according to the IEC 61000-4-5 standard conditions. With the additional effect of the load which is limiting the current, the ACST switch withstands the voltage spikes up to 2 kV on top of the peak line voltage. The protection is based on an overvoltage crowbar technology. The ACST4 folds back safely to the on state as shown in Figure 19. The ACST4 recovers its blocking voltage capability after the surge and the next zero current crossing. Such a non repetitive test can be done at least 10 times on each AC line voltage polarity. Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 7/13 Application information ASCT4 Figure 18. Overvoltage ruggedness test circuit for resistive and inductive loads for IEC 61000-4-5 standards R = 23 Ω, L = 2 µH, Vsurge = 2 kV Rg = 220 Ω (ACST410-8), 68 Ω (ACST435-8) Surge generator 2kV surge Rgene Model of the load Filtering unit R L ACST4 AC Mains Rg Figure 19. Typical current and voltage waveforms across the ACST4 during IEC 61000-4-5 standard test Vpeak = VCL 1.2/50 µs voltage surge V 0 Ipeak = 90 A 8/20 µs current surge I 0 dI/dt = 130 A/µs 8/13 Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 ASCT4 3 Ordering information scheme Ordering information scheme Figure 20. Ordering information scheme ACS T 4 10 - 8 B TR AC switch Topology T = Triac On-state rms current 4=4A Triggering gate current 10 = 10 mA 35 = 35 mA Repetitive peak off-state voltage 8 = 800V Package B = DPAK FP = TO-220FPAB Delivery mode TR = Tape and reel Blank = Tube Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 9/13 Package information 4 ASCT4 Package information ● Epoxy meets UL94, V0 ● Cooling method: by conduction (C) ● Recommended torque value(TO220FPAB): 0.4 to 0.6 N·m In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK® specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK® is an ST trademark. Table 6. TO-220FPAB dimensions Dimensions Ref. Millimeters Inches Min. Max. Min. Max. A 4.4 4.6 0.173 0.181 B 2.5 2.7 0.098 0.106 D 2.5 2.75 0.098 0.108 E 0.45 0.70 0.018 0.027 F 0.75 1 0.030 0.039 F1 1.15 1.70 0.045 0.067 F2 1.15 1.50 0.045 0.059 G 4.95 5.20 0.195 0.205 G1 2.4 2.7 0.094 0.106 H 10 10.4 0.393 0.409 A B H Dia L6 L2 L7 L3 L5 F1 L4 D F2 F L2 E G1 G 10/13 Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 16 Typ. 0.63 Typ. L3 28.6 30.6 1.126 1.205 L4 9.8 10.6 0.386 0.417 L5 2.9 3.6 0.114 0.142 L6 15.9 16.4 0.626 0.646 L7 9.00 9.30 0.354 0.366 Dia. 3.00 3.20 0.118 0.126 ASCT4 Package information Table 7. DPAK dimensions Dimensions Ref. E A B2 C2 L2 Millimeters Inches Min. Max. Min. Max. A 2.20 2.40 0.086 0.094 A1 0.90 1.10 0.035 0.043 A2 0.03 0.23 0.001 0.009 B 0.64 0.90 0.025 0.035 B2 5.20 5.40 0.204 0.212 C 0.45 0.60 0.017 0.023 C2 0.48 0.60 0.018 0.023 D 6.00 6.20 0.236 0.244 E 6.40 6.60 0.251 0.259 G 4.40 4.60 0.173 0.181 H 9.35 10.10 0.368 0.397 D R H L4 A1 B G R C A2 0.60 MIN. L2 V2 0.80 typ. 0.031 typ. L4 0.60 1.00 0.023 0.039 V2 0° 8° 0° 8° Figure 21. Footprint (dimensions in mm) 6.7 3 3 1.6 2.3 6.7 2.3 1.6 Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 11/13 Ordering information 5 ASCT4 Ordering information Table 8. Ordering information Order code Marking Package Weight Base Qty Delivery mode DPAK 1.5 g 50 Tube DPAK 1.5 g 1000 Tape and reel ACST410-8FP TO-220FPAB 2.4 g 50 Tube ACST435-8B DPAK 1.5 g 50 Tube DPAK 1.5 g 1000 Tape and reel TO-220FPAB 2.4 g 50 Tube ACST410-8B ACST410-8BTR ACST435-8BTR ACST4108 ACST4358 ACST435-8FP 6 Revision history Table 9. 12/13 Document revision history Date Revision Changes Jan-2003 3A 04-Jul-2007 4 Reformatted to current standard. Added package. 18-Dec-2009 5 VDRM/VRRM updated to 800 V. Order codes updated. Previous update. Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 ASCT4 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. 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The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners. © 2009 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved STMicroelectronics group of companies Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Philippines - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America www.st.com Doc ID 8766 Rev 5 13/13