TI TPS40303DRCR

TPS40303, TPS40304, TPS40305
www.ti.com
SLUS964 – NOVEMBER 2009
3-V TO 20-V INPUT SYNCHRONOUS BUCK CONTROLLER
Check for Samples :TPS40303 TPS40304 TPS40305
CONTENTS
FEATURES
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Input Voltage Range from 3 V to 20 V
300 KHz (TPS40303), 600 KHz (TPS40304) and
1.2 MHz (TPS40305) Switching Frequencies
High- and Low-Side FET RDS(on) Current
Sensing
Programmable Thermally Compensated OCP
Levels
Programmable Soft-Start
600 mV, 1% Reference Voltage
Voltage Feed-Forward Compensation
Supports Pre-Biased Output
Frequency Spread Spectrum
Thermal Shutdown Protection at 145°C
10-Pin 3 mm × 3 mm SON Package with
Ground Connection to Thermal Pad
Device Ratings
2
Electrical Characteristics
3
Device Information
8
Application Information
10
Design Examples
14
Additional References
24
X
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
POL Modules
Printer
Digital TV
Telecom
DESCRIPTION
The TPS4030x is a family of cost-optimized synchronous buck controllers that operate from 3-V to 20-V input.
The controller implements a voltage-mode control architecture with input-voltage feed-forward compensation that
responds instantly to input voltage change. The switching frequency is fixed at 300 KHz, 600 KHz or 1.2 MHz.
Frequency Spread Spectrum feature adds dither to the switching frequency, significantly reducing the peak EMI
noise and making it much easier to comply with EMI standards.
The TPS4030x offers design with a variety of user programmable functions, including soft-start, Over- Current
Protection (OCP) levels, and loop compensation.
OCP level may be programmed by a single external resistor connected from LDRV pin to circuit ground. During
initial power on, the TPS4030x enters a calibration cycle, measures the voltage at the LDRV pin, and sets an
internal OCP voltage level. During operation, the programmed OCP voltage level is compared to the voltage drop
across the low side FET when it is on to determine whether there is an overcurrent condition. The TPS4030x
then enters a shutdown and restart cycle until the fault is removed.
SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION DIAGRAM
VOUT
VIN
TPS4030x
5
FB
BOOT
6
4
COMP
HDRV
7
3
PGOOD
SW
8
2
EN/SS LDRV/OC
9
1
VDD
VOUT
SD
VIN
BP 10
GND
PAD
UDG-09158
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TPS40303, TPS40304, TPS40305
SLUS964 – NOVEMBER 2009
www.ti.com
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
ORDERING INFORMATION
OPERATING FREQUENCY
PACKAGE
TAPE AND REEL QUANTITY
PART NUMBER
250
TPS40305DRCT
3000
TPS40305DRCR
1.2 MHz
600 kHz
Plastic 10-Pin SON (DRC)
300 kHz
250
TPS40304DRCT
3000
TPS40304DRCR
250
TPS40303DRCT
3000
TPS40303DRCR
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
VALUE
UNIT
VDD
–0.3 to 22
V
SW
–3 to 27
V
SW (< 100 ns pulse width, 10 µJ)
–5
V
BOOT
–0.3 to 30
V
HDRV
–5 to 30
V
BOOT-SW, HDRV-SW (differential from BOOT or HDRV to SW)
–0.3 to 7
V
COMP, PGOOD, FB, BP, LDRV, EN/SS
–0.3 to 7
V
TJ
Operating junction temperature range
–40 to 145
°C
Tstg
Storage temperature
–55 to 150
°C
(1)
Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other condition beyond those included under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods of time may affect device reliability.
DISSIPATION RATINGS
AIRFLOW (LFM)
RθJA HIGH-K BOARD (1)
(°C/W)
POWER RATING (W)
TA = 25°C
POWER RATING (W)
TA = 85°C
0 (Natural Convection)
47.9
2.08
0.835
200
40.5
2.46
0.987
400
38.2
2.61
1.04
PACKAGE
10-Pin SON (DRC)
(1)
Ratings based on JEDEC High Thermal Conductivity (High K) Board. For more information on the test method, see TI technical brief
(SZZA017).
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
MIN
VDD
Input voltage
TJ
Operating junction temperature
NOM
MAX
UNIT
3
20
V
–40
125
°C
MAX
UNIT
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) PROTECTION
MIN
TYP
Human body model (HBM)
2000
V
Charge device model (CDM)
1500
V
2
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SLUS964 – NOVEMBER 2009
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TJ = –40°C to 125°C, VVDD = 12 V, all parameters at zero power dissipation (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
TJ = 25°C, 3 V < VVDD < 20 V
597
600
603
–40°C < TJ < 125°C, 3 V < VVDD < 20
V
594
600
606
UNIT
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
VFB
FB input voltage
mV
INPUT SUPPLY
VVDD
Input supply voltage range
20
V
IDDSD
Shutdown supply current
VEN/SS < 0.2 V
3
70
100
µA
IDDQ
Quiescent, non-switching
Let EN/SS float, VFB = 1 V
2.5
3.5
mA
V
ENABLE/SOFT-START
VIH
High-level input voltage, EN/SS
0.55
0.70
1.00
VIL
Low-level input voltage, EN/SS
0.27
0.30
0.33
V
ISS
Soft-start source current
8
10
12
µA
VSS
Soft-start voltage level
0.4
0.8
1.3
V
6.2
6.5
6.8
V
70
110
mV
300
330
kHz
BP REGULATOR
VBP
Output voltage
IBP = 10 mA
VDO
Regulator dropout voltage, VVDD – VBP
IBP = 25 mA, VVDD = 3 V
OSCILLATOR
TPS40303
fSW
PWM frequency
TPS40304
270
3 V < VVDD < 20 V
540
600
660
kHz
1.02
1.20
1.38
MHz
VVDD/6.6
VVDD/6
VVDD/5.4
TPS40305
(1)
VRAMP
Ramp amplitude
fSWFSS
Frequency spread spectrum frequency
deviation
fMOD
Modulation frequency
12%
V
fSW
25
KHz
PWM
TPS40303
DMAX
(1)
Maximum duty cycle
TPS40304
90%
VFB = 0 V, 3 V < VVDD < 20 V
TPS40305
tON(min)
(1)
tDEAD
90%
85%
Minimum controllable pulse width
100
HDRV off to LDRV on
5
25
35
LDRV off to HDRV on
5
25
30
Gain bandwidth product
10
24
Open loop gain
60
Output driver dead time
ns
ns
ERROR AMPLIFIER
GBWP
AOL
(1)
(1)
IIB
Input bias current (current out of FB pin)
VFB = 0.6 V
IEAOP
Output source current
VFB = 0 V
2
IEAOM
Output sink current
VFB = 1 V
2
(1)
MHz
dB
75
nA
mA
Ensured by design. Not production tested.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s) :TPS40303 TPS40304 TPS40305
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
TJ = –40°C to 125°C, VVDD = 12 V, all parameters at zero power dissipation (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
PGOOD
VOV
Feedback upper voltage limit for
PGOOD
655
675
700
VUV
Feedback lower voltage limit for
PGOOD
500
525
550
VPGD-HYST
PGOOD hysteresis voltage at FB
25
40
RPGD
PGOOD pull down resistance
VFB = 0 V, IFB = 5 mA
30
70
Ω
PGOOD leakage current
550 mV < VFB < 655 mV,
VPGOOD = 5 V
10
20
µA
IPGDLK
mV
OUTPUT DRIVERS
RHDHI
High-side driver pull-up resistance
VBOOT – VSW = 5 V, IHDRV = –100 mA
0.8
1.5
2.5
Ω
RHDLO
High-side driver pull-down resistance
VBOOT – VSW = 5 V, IHDRV = 100 mA
0.5
1.0
2.2
Ω
RLDHI
Low-side driver pull-up resistance
ILDRV = -100 mA
0.8
1.5
2.5
Ω
RLDLO
Low-side driver pull-down resistance
ILDRV = 100 mA
0.35
0.60
1.20
(2)
High-side driver rise time
CLOAD = 5 nF
tHFALL
(2)
tLRISE
(2)
tLFALL
(2)
tHRISE
Ω
15
ns
High-side driver fall time
12
ns
Low-side driver rise time
15
ns
Low-side driver fall time
10
ns
Minimum pulse time during short circuit
250
ns
Switch leading-edge blanking pulse time
150
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
tPSSC(min)
tBLNKH
(2)
(2)
VOCH
OC threshold for high side FET
TJ = 25°C
IOCSET
OCSET current source
TJ = 25°C
VLD-CLAMP
Maximum clamp voltage at LDRV
VOCLOS
OC comparator offset voltage for low
side FET
TJ = 25°C
Programmable OC range for low side
FET
TJ = 25°C
VOCLPRO
VTHTC
(2)
(2)
tOFF
OC threshold temperature coefficient
(both high side and low side)
OC retry cycles on EN/SS pin
ns
360
450
580
mV
9.5
10.0
10.5
µA
260
340
400
mV
–8
8
mV
12
300
mV
3000
ppm
4
Cycle
BOOT DIODE
VDFWD
Bootstrap diode forward voltage
IBOOT = 5 mA
0.8
V
145
°C
20
°C
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
TJSD
(2)
TJSDH
(2)
4
Junction shutdown temperature
(2)
Hysteresis
Ensured by design. Not production tested.
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SLUS964 – NOVEMBER 2009
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
314
625
313
620
VVDD = 3V
312
311
310
309
VVDD = 12 V
308
307
VVDD = 20 V
fSW – Switching Frequency – kHz
fSW – Switching Frequency – kHz
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
306
VVDD = 20 V
615
610
605
VVDD = 12 V
600
VVDD = 3V
595
590
585
TPS40303
305
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
80
TPS40304
580
–40 –25 –10
95 110 125
20
35
50
65
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
2.24
1.4
VVDD = 20 V
2.22
1.3
1.25
1.2
VVDD = 3V
VVDD = 12 V
1.15
1.1
IDDQ – Quiescent Current – mA
1.35
fSW – Switching Frequency – MHz
5
2.20
2.18
2.16
2.14
1.05
TPS40305
1
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
2.12
–40 –25 –10
VVDD = 12 V
5
20
35
50
65
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
OCSET CURRENT SOURCE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
72
14
70
13
IOCSET – OCSET Current Source– mA
IDD(SD)– Shutdown Current – mA
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
68
66
64
62
60
12
11
10
9
8
7
VVDD = 12 V
58
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
80
6
–40 –25 –10
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
35
50
65
80
95 110 125
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
FEEDBACK REFERENCE VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
ENABLE HIGH-LEVEL THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
740
VIH – Enable High-Level Threshold Voltage – mV
600.6
600.4
600.2
600
599.8
599.6
599.4
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
720
700
680
660
640
620
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
Figure 7.
6
20
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
600.8
VFB – Feedback Reference Voltage – mV
5
Figure 8.
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SLUS964 – NOVEMBER 2009
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
ENABLE LOW-LEVEL THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
HIGH-SIDE OVERCURRENT THRESHOLD
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
303.0
VIL – Enable Low-Level Threshold Voltage – mV
VOCH – High-Side Overcurrent Threshold – mV
600
302.5
302.0
301.5
301.0
300.5
300.0
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
80
550
500
450
400
350
–40 –25 –10
95 110 125
20
35
50
65
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
POWER GOOD THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
SOFT-START VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
800
1000
750
975
Overvoltage
VSS – Soft-Start Voltage – mV
VOV/VUV – Power Good Threshold Voltage – mV
5
700
650
600
550
500
950
925
900
875
850
825
800
Undervoltage
450
400
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
775
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
750
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
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DEVICE INFORMATION
TERMINAL CONFIGURATION
The package is an 10-Pin SON (DRC) package. Note: The thermal pad is an electrical ground connection.
FB COMP PGOOD EN/SS VDD
5
4
3
2
1
8
9
10
SW
LDRV/
OC
BP
Thermal Pad
6
7
BOOT HDRV
PIN FUNCTIONS
TERMINAL
I/O
DESCRIPTION
NAME
NO.
BOOT
6
I
Gate drive voltage for the high side N-channel MOSFET. A 100 nF capacitor (typical) must be connected
between this pin and SW. For low input voltage operation, an external schottky diode from BP to BOOT is
recommended to maximize the gate drive voltage for the high-side.
BP
10
O
Output bypass for the internal regulator. Connect a low ESR bypass ceramic capacitor of 1 µF or greater from
this pin to GND.
COMP
4
O
Output of the error amplifier and connection node for loop feedback components.
EN/SS
2
I
Logic level input which starts or stops the controller via an external user command. Letting this pin float turns
the controller on. Pulling this pin low disables the controller. This is also the soft-start programming pin. A
capacitor connected from this pin to GND programs the soft-start time. The capacitor is charged with an
internal current source of 10 µA. The resulting voltage ramp of this pin is also used as a second non-inverting
input to the error amplifier after a 0.8 V (typical) level shift downwards. Output regulation is controlled by the
internal level shifted voltage ramp until that voltage reaches the internal reference voltage of 600 mV – the
voltage ramp of this pin reaches 1.4 V (typical). Optionally, a 267 kΩ resistor from this pin to BP enables
frequency spread spectrum feature.
FB
5
I
Inverting input to the error amplifier. In normal operation, the voltage on this pin is equal to the internal
reference voltage.
PGOOD
3
O
Open drain power good output.
HDRV
7
O
Bootstrapped gate drive output for the high side N-channel MOSFET.
LDRV/OC
9
O
Gate drive output for the low side synchronous rectifier N-channel MOSFET. A resistor from this pin to GND
is also used to determine the voltage level for OCP. An internal current source of 10 µA flows through the
resistor during initial calibration and that sets up the voltage trip point used for OCP.
VDD
1
I
Power input to the controller. Bypass VDD to GND with a low ESR ceramic capacitor of at least 1.0-µF close
to the device.
SW
8
O
Sense line for the adaptive anti-cross conduction circuitry. Serves as common connection for the flying high
side FET driver.
GND
8
Thermal
Pad
Ground connection to the controller. This is also the thermal pad used to conduct heat from the device. This
connection serves a twofold purpose. The first is to provide an electrical ground connection for the device.
The second is to provide a low thermal impedance path from the device die to the PCB. This pad should be
tied externally to a ground plane.
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SLUS964 – NOVEMBER 2009
TPS4030x BLOCK DIAGRAM
+
10 mA
Soft Start
0.6 VREF + 12.5%
SS
SS
EN/SS
2
SD
VDD
1
BP
10
COMP
4
FB
+
References
OC
SD
Spread
Spectrum
Oscillator
Clock
PWM
Logic
5
7
HDRV
8
SW
9
LDRV/OC
BP
Anti-Cross
Conduction
and
Pre-Bias
Circuit
+
10 mA
0.6 VREF
PGOOD
BOOT
PWM
+
SS
6
0.6 VREF
BP
Calibration
Circuit
BP
0.6 VREF –12.5%
Fault
Controller
Clock
6-V
Regulator
FB
+
Thermal
Shutdown
750 kW
3
OC
Threshold
Setting
Fault Controller
OC
PAD
UDG-09160
GND
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
Introduction
The TPS4030x is a family of cost-optimized synchronous buck controllers providing high-end features to
construct high-performance DC/DC converters. Pre-bias capability eliminates concerns about damaging sensitive
loads during startup. Programmable over-current protection levels and hiccup over-current fault recovery
maximize design flexibility and minimize power dissipation in the event of a prolonged output short. Frequency
Spread Spectrum (FSS) feature reduces peak EMI noise by spreading the initial energy of each harmonic along
a frequency band, thus giving a wider spectrum with lower amplitudes.
Voltage Reference
The 600 mV band gap cell is internally connected to the non-inverting input of the error amplifier. The reference
voltage is trimmed with the error amplifier in a unity gain configuration to remove amplifier offset from the final
regulation voltage. The 1% tolerance on the reference voltage allows the user to design a very accurate power
supply.
Enable Functionality, Startup Sequence and Timing
After input power is applied, an internal current source of 40 µA starts to charge up the soft-start capacitor
connected from EN/SS to GND. When the voltage across that capacitor increases to 0.7 V, it enables the internal
BP regulator followed by a calibration. The total calibration time is about 1.9 ms. See Figure 13. During the
calibration, the device performs in the following way. It disables the LDRV drive and injects an internal 10 µA
current source to the resistor connected from LDRV to GND. The voltage developed across that resistor is then
sampled and latched internally as the OCP trip level until one cycles the input or toggles the EN/SS.
2.0
VIN – Input Voltage – V
VEN/SS
1.6
Calibration
Time
1.9 ms
1.3 V
1.2
0.8
0.7 V
0.4
VSS_INT
0
t – Time – ms
UDG-09159
Figure 13. Startup Sequence and Timing
The voltage at EN/SS is internally clamped to 1.3 V before and/or during calibration to minimize the discharging
time once calibration is complete. The discharging current is from an internal current source of 140 µA and it
pulls the voltage down to 0.4 V. It then initiates the soft-start by charging up the capacitor using an internal
current source of 10 µA. The resulting voltage ramp on this pin is used as a second non-inverting input to the
error amplifier after an 800 mV (typical) downward level-shift; therefore, actual soft-start will not take place until
the voltage at this pin reaches 800 mV.
If EN/SS is left floating, the controller starts automatically. EN/SS must be pulled down to less than 270 mV to
guarantee that the chip is in shutdown mode.
10
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Soft-Start Time
The soft-start time of the TPS4030x is user programmable by selecting a single capacitor. The EN/SS pin
sources 10 µA to charge this capacitor. The actual output ramp-up time is the amount of time that it takes for the
10 µA to charge the capacitor through a 600mV range. There is some initial lag due to calibration and an offset
(800 mV) from the actual EN/SS pin voltage to the voltage applied to the error amplifier.
The soft-start is done in a closed loop fashion, meaning that the error amplifier controls the output voltage at all
times during the soft start period and the feedback loop is never open as occurs in duty cycle limit soft-start
schemes. The error amplifier has two non-inverting inputs, one connected to the 600 mV reference voltage, and
the other connected to the offset EN/SS pin voltage. The lower of these two voltages is what the error amplifier
controls the FB pin to. As the voltage on the EN/SS pin ramps up past approximately 1.4 V (800 mV offset
voltage plus the 600 mV reference voltage), the 600 mV reference voltage becomes the dominant input and the
converter has reached its final regulation voltage.
The capacitor required for a given soft-start ramp time for the output voltage is given by Equation 1.
æI
ö
CSS = ç SS ÷ ´ t SS
V
è FB ø
(1)
where
•
•
•
•
CSS is the required capacitance on the EN/SS pin (F)
ISS is the soft-start source current (10 µA)
VFB is the feedback reference voltage (0.6 V)
tSS is the desired soft-start ramp time (s)
Oscillator and Frequency Spread Spectrum (FSS)
The oscillator frequency is internally fixed. The TPS40303 operating frequency is 300 KHz, the TPS40304
operating frequency is 600 KHz and the TPS40305 operating frequency is 1.2 MHz.
Connecting a resistor with a value of 267 kΩ ± 10% from BP to EN/SS enables the FSS feature. When enabled,
it spreads the internal oscillator frequency over a minimum 12% window using a 25-kHz modulation frequency
with triangular profile. By modulating the switching frequency, side-bands are created. The emission power of the
fundamental switching frequency and its harmonics is distributed into smaller pieces scattered around many
side-band frequencies. The effect significantly reduces the peak EMI noise and makes it much easier for the
resultant emission spectrum to pass EMI regulations.
Overcurrent Protection
Programmable OCP level at LDRV is from 6 mV to 150 mV at room temperature with 3000 ppm temperature
coefficient to help compensate for changes in the low side FET channel resistance as temperature increases.
With a scale factor of 2, the actual trip point across the low side FET is in the range of 12 mV to 300 mV. The
accuracy of the internal current source is ±5%. Overall offset voltage, including the offset voltage of the internal
comparator and the amplifier for scale factor of 2, is limited to ±8 mV.
Maximum clamp voltage at LDRV is 340 mV to avoid turning on the low side FET during calibration and in a
pre-biased condition. The maximum clamp voltage is fixed and it does not change with temperature. If the
voltage drop across ROCSET reaches the 340 mV maximum clamp voltage during calibration (No ROCSET resistor
included), it disables OC protection. Once disabled, there is no low side or high side current sensing.
OCP level at HDRV is fixed at 450 mV with 3000 ppm temperature coefficient to help compensate for changes in
the high side FET channel resistance as temperature increases. OCP at HDRV provides pulse-by-pulse current
limiting.
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OCP sensing at LDRV is a true inductor valley current detection, using sample and hold. Equation 2 can be used
to calculate ROCSET:
ææ
ö
æI
öö
ç ç IOUT(max ) - ç P-P ÷ ÷ ´ RDS(on ) - VOCLOS ÷
è 2 øø
ç
÷
ROCSET = ç è
÷ 2 ´ IOCSET
ç
÷
ç
÷
è
ø
(2)
where
•
•
•
•
•
•
IOCSET is the internal current source
VOCLOS is the overall offset voltage
IP-P is the peak-to-peak inductor current
RDS(on) is the drain to source on-resistance of the low-side FET
IOUT(max) is the trip point for OCP
ROCSET is the resistor used for setting the OCP level
To avoid over-current tripping in normal operating load range, calculate ROCSET using the equation above with:
• The maximum RDS(ON) at room temperature
• The lower limit of VOCLOS (–8 mV) and the lower limit of IOCSET (9.5 µA) from the Electrical Characteristics
table.
• The peak-to-peak inductor current IP-P at minimum input voltage
Overcurrent is sensed across both the low-side FET and the high-side FET. If the voltage drop across either FET
exceeds the OC threshold, a count increments one count. If no OC is detected on either FET, the fault counter
decrements by one count. If three OC pulses are summed, a fault condition is declared which cycles the
soft-start function in a hiccup mode. Hiccup mode consists of four dummy soft-start timeouts followed by a real
one if overcurrent condition is encountered during normal operation, or five dummy soft-start timeouts followed
by a real one if overcurrent condition occurs from the beginning during start. This cycle continues indefinitely until
the fault condition is removed.
Drivers
The drivers for the external high-side and low-side MOSFETs are capable of driving a gate-to-source voltage of
VBP. The LDRV driver for the low-side MOSFET switches between BP and GND, while HDRV driver for the
high-side MOSFET is referenced to SW and switches between BOOT and SW. The drivers have
non-overlapping timing that is governed by an adaptive delay circuit to minimize body diode conduction in the
synchronous rectifier.
Pre-Bias Startup
The TPS4030x contains a circuit to prevent current from being pulled from the output during startup in the
condition the output is pre-biased. There are no PWM pulses until the internal soft-start voltage rises above the
error amplifier input (FB pin), if the output is pre-biased. Once the soft-start voltage exceeds the error amplifier
input, the controller slowly initiates synchronous rectification by starting the synchronous rectifier with a narrow
on time. It then increments that on time on a cycle-by-cycle basis until it coincides with the time dictated by (1-D),
where D is the duty cycle of the converter. This approach prevents the sinking of current from a pre-biased
output, and ensures the output voltage startup and ramp to regulation is smooth and controlled.
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Power Good
The TPS4030x provides an indication that output is good for the converter. This is an open drain signal and pulls
low when any condition exists that would indicate that the output of the supply might be out of regulation. These
conditions include the following:
• VFB is more than ±12.5% from nominal
• Soft-start is active
• A short circuit condition has been detected
NOTE
When there is no power to the device, PGOOD is not able to pull close to GND if an
auxiliary supply is used for the power good indication. In this case, a built in resistor
connected from drain to gate on the PGOOD pull down device makes the PGOOD pin
look approximately like a diode to GND.
Thermal Shutdown
If the junction temperature of the device reaches the thermal shutdown limit of 145°C, the PWM and the oscillator
are turned off and HDRV and LDRV are driven low. When the junction cools to the required level (125°C typical),
the PWM initiates soft start as during a normal power-up cycle.
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DESIGN EXAMPLES
Design Example 1: Using the TPS40305 for a 12 V to 1.8 V Point-of-Load Synchronous Buck
Regulator
12 V to 1.8 V Point-of-Load Synchronous Buck Regulator
The following example illustrates the design process and component selection for a 12 V to 1.8 V point-of-load
synchronous buck regulator using the TPS40305.
Table 1. Design Example Electrical Characteristics
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
VIN
Input voltage
8
VIN(ripple)
Input ripple voltage
IOUT = 10 A
VOUT
Output voltage
0 A ≤ IOUT ≤ 10 A
Line regulation
8 V ≤ VIN ≤ 14 V
0.5%
Load regulation
0 A ≤ IOUT ≤ 10 A
0.5%
VRIPPLE
Output voltage ripple
IOUT = 10 A
VOVER
Output overshoot
IOUT falling from 7 A to 3 A
100
VUNDER
Output undershoot
IOUT rising from 3 A to 7 A
100
IOUT
Output current
4.5 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V
tSS
Soft start time
VIN = 12 V
ISCP
Short circuit current trip point
f SW
Switching frequency
η
Efficiency
VIN = 12 V, IOUT = 5 A
90%
η
Full load efficiency
VIN = Nom, IOUT = Max
80%
1.764
1.800
V
0.6
V
1.836
V
36
mV
mV
mV
0
10
1.5
13
UNIT
14
A
ms
15
A
1200
kHz
+
Figure 14. TPS40305 Design Example Schematic
The list of materials for this application is shown in Table 3. The loop response and efficiency from boards built
using this design are shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16. Gerber Files and additional application information are
available from the factory.
Design Procedure
Selecting the Switching Frequency
To achieve the small size for this design the TPS40305, with f
component size.
14
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SW
= 1200 kHz, is selected for minimal external
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Inductor Selection (L1)
Synchronous buck power inductors are typically sized for approximately 30% peak-to-peak ripple current (IRIPPLE)
Given this target ripple current, the required inductor size can be calculated in Equation 3.
L»
VIN(max ) - VOUT
0.3 ´ IOUT
´
VOUT
1
14 V - 1.8 V 1.8 V
1
´
=
´
´
= 471nH
VIN(max ) fSW
0.3 ´ 10A
14 V 1200 kHz
(3)
Selecting a standard 400-nH inductor value, solve for IRIPPLE =3.5 A
The RMS current through the inductor is approximated by Equation 4.
IL(rms ) = IL(avg)2 +
2
1 I
12 RIPPLE
= IOUT 2 +
2
1 I
12 RIPPLE
= 102 +
1 3.52
12
= 10.05 A
(4)
Output Capacitor Selection (C12)
The selection of the output capacitor is typically driven by the output transient response. Equation 5 and
Equation 6 overestimate the voltage deviation to account for delays in the loop bandwidth and can be used to
determine the required output capacitance.
2
I
I
I
I
´L
´L
VOVER < TRAN ´ DT = TRAN ´ TRAN
= TRAN
COUT
COUT
VOUT
VOUT ´ COUT
VUNDER <
(5)
ITRAN2
´L
´L
ITRAN
I
I
´ DT = TRAN ´ TRAN
=
COUT
COUT VIN - VOUT (VIN - VOUT )´ COUT
(6)
If VIN(min) > 2 x VOUT, use overshoot (Equation 5) to calculate minimum output capacitance. If VIN(min) < 2 x VOUT,
use undershoot(Equation 6) to calculate minimum output capacitance.
COUT(min) =
ITRAN(max)2 ´ L
(VOUT )´ VOVER
=
42 ´ 400nH
= 35 mF
1.8 ´ 100mV
With a minimum capacitance, the maximum allowable ESR is determined by
approximated by Equation 8.
æ
IRIPPLE
VRIPPLE(total) - ç
VRIPPLE(total) - VRIPPLE(cap)
è 8 ´ COUT ´ fSW
=
ESRMAX =
IRIPPLE
IRIPPLE
(7)
the maximum ripple voltage and is
ö
÷
ø
æ
ö
3.5 A
36mV - ç
÷
8
´
35
m
F
´
1200kHz
è
ø = 7mW
=
3.5 A
(8)
Two 0805, 22-µF, 6.3 V, X5R ceramic capacitors are selected to provide more than 35-µF of minimum
capacitance and less than 7 mΩ of ESR (2.5 mΩ each).
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Peak Current Rating of Inductor
With output capacitance, it is possible to calculate the charge current during start-up and determine the minimum
saturation current rating for the inductor. The start-up charging current is approximated by Equation 9.
V
´ COUT 1.8 V ´ 2 ´ 22 mF
ICHARGE = OUT
=
= 0.053 A
tSS
1.5ms
(9)
IL(peak ) = IOUT(max) + 12 IRIPPLE + ICHARGE = 10 A + 12 ´ 3.5 A + 0.053 A = 11.8 A
(10)
Table 2. Inductor Requirements
SYMBOL
L
PARAMETER
Inductance
VALUE
UNITS
400
nH
IL(rms)
RMS current (thermal rating)
10.05
A
IL(peak)
Peak current (saturation rating)
11.8
A
A PG0083.401, 400 nH inductor is selected for its small size, low DCR (3.0mΩ) and high-current handling
capability (17-A thermal, 27-A saturation).
Input Capacitor Selection (C8)
The input voltage ripple is divided between capacitance and ESR. For this design VRIPPLE(cap) = 150 mV and
VRIPPLE(esr) = 150 mV. The minimum capacitance and maximum ESR are estimated by Equation 11.
ILOAD ´ VOUT
10 ´ 1.8 V
=
= 12.5 mF
CIN(min) =
VRIPPLE(cap) ´ VIN ´ fSW 150mV ´ 8 V ´ 1200kHz
(11)
ESR MAX =
VRIPPLE(esr )
ILOAD +
1
=
2 IRIPPLE
150 mV
= 12.7 m W
11.75 A
(12)
The RMS current in the input capacitors is estimated by Equation 13.
IRM S (cin ) = ILO A D ´ D ´ (1 - D ) = 10 A ´
0.225 ´ (1 - 0.225 ) = 4.17 A RM S (13)
Two 1210, 10-µF, 25-V, X5R ceramic capacitors with approximately 2-mΩ of ESR and a 2.5-A RMS current
rating each are selected. Higher voltage capacitors are selected to minimize capacitance loss at the DC bias
voltage to ensure the capacitors allow sufficient capacitance at the working voltage.
MOSFET Switch Selection (Q1 and Q2)
Reviewing available TI NexFET MOSFETs using TI’s NexFET MOSFET selection tool, the CSD16410Q5A and
CSD16322Q5 5 mm × 6 mm MOSFETs are selected.
These two FETs have maximum total gate charges of 5 nC and 10 nC respectively, which draws 18 mA at 1.2
MHz from the BP regulator, less than its 50 mA minimum rating.
Bootstrap Capacitor (C6)
To ensure proper charging of the high-side FET gate, limit the ripple voltage on the boost capacitor to less than
50 mV.
CBOOST = 20 ´ QG2 = 20 ´ 5nC = 100nF
(14)
VDD Bypass Capacitor (C7)
Per the TPS40305 Electrical Characteristics specifications, select a 1.0-µF X5R or better ceramic bypass
capacitor for VDD.
BP Bypass Capacitor (C5)
As listed in the Electrical Characteristics table, a minimum of 1.0-µF ceramic capacitance is required to stabilize
the BP regulator. To limit regulator noise to less than 10 mV, the value of the bypass capacitor is calculated in
Equation 15.
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CBP = 100 ´ MAX(QG1,QG2 )
(15)
Since Q1 is larger than Q2, and the total gate charge of Q1 is 10 nC, a BP capacitor of 1.0 µF is calculated. A
standard value of 1.0 µF is selected to limit noise on the BP regulator.
Short Circuit Protection (R11)
The TPS40305 uses the negative drop across the low-side FET at the end of the OFF time to measure the
inductor current. Allowing for 30% over maximum load and 20% rise in RDS(on)Q1 for self-heating, the voltage drop
across the low-side FET at current limit is given by Equation 16.
VOC = (1.3 ´ ILOAD - 21 IRIPPLE ) ´ 1.2 ´ RDS(on )Q1 = (1.3 ´ 10 A - 21 3.5 A) ´ 1.2 ´ 4.6mW = 62.1mV
(16)
The TPS40305 internal temperature coefficient helps compensate for the MOSFET’s RDS(on) temperature
coefficient, so the current limit programming resistor is selected by Equation 17.
VOC - VOCLOS(min) 62.1mV - ( -8mV)
RCS =
=
= 3.69kW » 3.74kW
2 ´ IOCSET(min)
2 ´ 9.5 mA
(17)
Feedback Divider (R4, R5)
The TPS40305 controller uses a full operational amplifier with an internally fixed 0.600-V reference. R4 is
selected between 10 kΩand 50 kΩ for a balance of feedback current and noise immunity. With R4 set to 10 kΩ,
The output voltage is programmed with a resistor divider given by Equation 18.
VFB ´ R4
0.600 V ´ 10.0kW
R5 =
=
= 5.0kW » 4.99kW
VOUT - VFB
1.8 V - 0.600 V
(18)
Compensation: (C2, C3, C4, R3, R6)
Using the TPS40k Loop Stability Tool for 100 kHz bandwidth and 60° phase margin with a R4 value of 10.0 kΩ,
the following values are returned.
• C2 = C_1 = 820 pF
• C3 = C_3 = 150 pF
• C4 = C_2 = 3300 pF
• R3 = R_2 = 422 Ω
• R6 = R_3 = 2.20 kΩ
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Design Example Typical Performance Characteristics
GAIN AND PHASE
vs
FREQUENCY
EFFICIENCY
vs
LOAD CURRENT
225
95
180
90
135
85
40
90
80
20
45
0
0
100
-20
h – Efficiency – %
Gain – dB
60
VIN = 8 V
Phase – °
80
Phase
VIN = 14 V
IOUT = 10 A
BW = 82 kHz
Phase Margin 55°
VIN = 12 V
VIN = 14 V
75
70
65
-45
Gain
60
-90
-40
55
-60
0.1
1
10
100
-135
1k
50
f – Frequency – kHz
0
4
2
6
8
10
ILOAD – Load Current – A
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
..
vs
..
Figure 17. Output Ripple (500 MHz Bandwidth)
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TPS40305 Design Example List of Materials
Table 3. Design Example List of Materials
REFERENCE
DESIGNATOR
QTY
VALUE
DESCRIPTION
SIZE
PART NUMBER
MFR
C1
1
3.3 nF
Capacitor, Ceramic, 10 V, X7R, 20%
0603
Std
Std
C2
1
820 pF
Capacitor, Ceramic, 25 V, X7R, 10%
0603
Std
Std
C3
1
150 pF
Capacitor, Ceramic, 25 V, X7R, 10%
0603
Std
Std
C4
1
3300 pF
Capacitor, Ceramic, 25 V, X7R, 10%
0603
Std
Std
C5
1
1.0 µF
Capacitor, Ceramic, 10 V, X7R, 20%
0805
Std
Std
C6
1
100 nF
Capacitor, Ceramic, 16 V, X7R, 20%
0603
Std
Std
C7
1
1 µF
Capacitor, Ceramic, 25 V, X7R, 20%
0805
Std
Std
C8
2
10 µf
Capacitor, Ceramic, 25 V, X7R, 10%
1210
Std
Std
EEVFK1E331P
Panasonic
C11
1
330 µF
Capacitor, Aluminum, 25 V, ±20%, 160mohms
0.328 x
0.390 inch
C12
2
22 µF
Capacitor, Ceramic, 6.3 V, X5R, 20%
0805
Std
Std
Inductor, SMT, 17 A
0.268 x
0.268 inch
PG0083.401
Pulse
L1
1
0.32 µH
Q1
1
MOSFET, N-Channel, 25 V, 97 A, 4.6 mΩ
QFN-8
POWER
CSD16322Q5
TI
Q2
1
MOSFET, N-Channel, 25V, 59 A, 9.6 mΩ
QFN-8
POWER
CSD16410Q5A
TI
R3
1
422 Ω
Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Std
Std
R4
1
10.0 kΩ
Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Std
Std
R5
1
4.99 kΩ
Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Std
Std
R6
1
2.20 kΩ
Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Std
Std
R8
1
100 kΩ
Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Std
Std
R10
1
2Ω
Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Std
Std
R11
1
3.74 kΩ
Resistor, Chip, 1/16W, 1%
0603
Std
Std
U1
1
IC, 3V-20V sync. 1.2MHz Buck controller
DRC10
TPS40305DRC
TI
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Layout Information
20
Figure 18. Top Copper with Components
..
..
Figure 19. Top Internal Copper Layout
..
..
Figure 20. Bottom Internal Copper Layout
Figure 21. Bottom Copper Layer
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Design Example 2: A High Current, Low Voltage Design Using the TPS40304
For this 20-A, 12-V to 1.2-V design, the 600kHz, TPS40304 was selected for the balance between small size and
high efficiency.
System Design Specifications
The system design specifications are shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Design Example Electrical Characteristics
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
8.0
MAX
VIN
Input voltage
VINripple
Input ripple
IOUT = 20 A
VOUT
Output voltage
0 A ≤IOUT ≤ 20 A
Line regulation
8 V ≤ VIN ≤14 V
0.5%
Load regulation
0 A ≤IOUT ≤ 20 A
0.5%
VRIPPLE
Output ripple
IOUT = 20 A
VOVER
Output overshoot
5 A ≤IOUT ≤ 15 A
100
VUNDER
Output undershoot
5 A ≤IOUT ≤ 15 A
100
IOUT
Output current
8 V ≤ VIN ≤14 V
tSS
Soft-start time
VIN = 12 V
ISCP
Short-circuit current trip point
Efficiency
fSW
1.164
1.200
UNIT
14
V
0.5
V
1.236
V
36
0
mV
mV
mV
20
1.5
A
ms
26
A
VIN = 12 V, IOUT = 12 A
%
Switching frequency
600
Size
kHz
1.5
in2
Schematic
+
+
Figure 22. TPS40304 Design Example Schematic
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Typical Performance Characteristics
EFFICIENCY
vs
LOAD CURRENT
GAIN AND PHASE
vs
FREQUENCY
100
95
225
VIN = 8 V
90
75
Gain – dB
VIN = 14 V
80
VIN = 12 V
70
60
135
40
90
20
45
0
0
Phase – °
Phase
85
h – Efficiency – %
180
80
65
–20
–45
Gain
60
–40
–90
55
–60
1k
50
0
5
10
15
20
10 k
100 k
–135
1M
f – Frequency – Hz
ILOAD – Load Current – A
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
Figure 25. Output Ripple 10 mV/div, 2-µs/div, 20-MHz Bandwidth
22
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Design Example 3: A Synchronous Buck Application Using the TPS40303
This example illustrates a 3.3-V/5-V/12-V to 0.6-V at 10-A synchronous buck application using the TPS40303
switching at 300 kHz.
Schematic
+
+
Figure 26. TPS40303 Design Example Schematic
Typical Performance Characteristics
A typical efficiency graph for this design example using the TPS40303 is shown in Figure 27.The typical line and
load regulation this design example using the TPS40303 is shown in Figure 28
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EFFICIENCY
vs
LOAD CURRENT
100
LINE
AND LOAD
REGULATION
601
VIN = 3.3 V
90
600
VIN = 3.3 V
VOUT – Output Voltage – V
80
h – Efficiency – %
70
VIN = 5 V
60
50
VIN = 12 V
40
30
599
598
597
VIN = 5 V
596
595
20
VIN = 12 V
594
10
593
0
2
0
8
6
4
0
10
2
4
6
8
10
ILOAD – Load Current – A
ILOAD – Load Current – A
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
Related Devices
The devices listed in have characteristics similar to the TPS4030x and may be of interest.
Table 5. Related Devices
DEVICE
DESCRIPTION
TPS40192/3
4.5 V to 18 V Input 10-pin Synchronous Buck Controller with Power Good
TPS40195
4.5 V to 20 V Synchronous Buck Controller with Synchronization and Power Good
TPS40190
Low Pin Count Synchronous Buck Controller
References
These references, design tools and links to additional references, including design software, may be found at
http://power.ti.com
1. Additional PowerPAD™ information may be found in Applications Briefs (SLMA002A) and (SLMA004).
2. Under The Hood Of Low Voltage DC/DC Converters – SEM1500 Topic 5 – 2002 Seminar Series
3. Understanding Buck Power Stages in Switchmode Power Supplies, (SLVA057), March 1999
4. Designing Stable Control Loops – SEM 1400 – 2001 Seminar Series
Package Outline and Recommended PCB Footprint
The following pages outline the mechanical dimensions of the 10-pin DRC package and provide
recommendations for PCB layout.
24
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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11-Dec-2009
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status (1)
Package
Type
Package
Drawing
Pins Package Eco Plan (2)
Qty
TPS40303DRCR
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
3000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPS40303DRCT
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
250
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPS40304DRCR
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
3000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPS40304DRCT
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
250
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPS40305DRCR
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
3000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPS40305DRCT
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
250
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp (3)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and
package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS
compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
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to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 1
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