MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Features and Benefits “Soft Start” Eliminates Current Surges Integrated Design Eliminates External Components Drives Virtually Any Resistive or Inductive Load Built–in Thermal Protection Digital Design For Stable Triac Control Immune to Lifetime and Thermal Drift Low Power Consumption 50Hz/60Hz Operation Applications AC Light Dimmer Soft-Start AC Motor Controller Variable-Speed AC Motor Controller Ordering Information Part No. Temperature Suffix Package version Temperature Range MLX90805 S A -x 0C to 85C MLX90805 S L -x 0C to 85C The customer specific version code (defining the options) is indicated with 1 character at the end of the ordering number. Functional Diagram Vss Description Vdda 90805 Voltage regulator Power monitoring and reset zero crossing detector ZCD Triac driver Auto retriggering SET ADC Lookup ROM Logic Vref/2 Vref COMP Options Vref THP The MLX90805 is a power control IC ideally suited for control of any resistive or inductive load regulated by a triac. The chip was designed primarily for starting and speed control of AC motors, but will work equally well with any Inductive or resistive load such as Incandescent lights. The chip’s primary purpose is to provide a “soft start” for a motor, preventing current inrush. The triac is controlled by a linear “ramp” from minimum to maximum power. Start rate can be varied from 0.5 sec. to 3 sec, by changing the option bits. The secondary function of the 90805 is proper ignition of the triac for inductive and resistive loads, while keeping the triac’s current consumption to a minimum. Added features include a frequency locked loop for stable ignition point. FB MLX902xx Name of Sensor MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Rev Y.X 1 Page 22/Aug/98 Page 1 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Description of Block Diagram Logic Voltage Regulator This block performs all control functions to realize time synchronization, smooth soft start, and proper triac firing, so that motor runs at a defined speed. The chip is supplied from the AC line voltage, by a half wave rectifier. The voltage at pin VDDA is limited to ~ 15.5V. The digital part and some of the peripheral blocks are supplied by internally generated VDD ~ 5V. Analog Power on Reset This block tracks the voltage at VDDA, and permits generation of firing pulses for the triac only if VDDA > ~13V. It is considered otherwise that the motor is not properly supplied by the mains. Oscillator There is an on chip oscillator. All timing constraints inside the chip are derived from this clock. FLL A frequency locked loop circuit is implemented to obtain a clock frequency from a current controlled oscillator, by using the mains frequency as a reference. A successive approximation algorithm is used at start up to minimize the time for the oscillator adjustment. Reference Voltage Triac Driver This output is able to drive directly a triac. It defines the triac gate current and operates as current generator. There is no need of external resistor for current limitation. Auto Retriggering This block tracks if the triac is on after each firing pulse. If the triac is off 20us after a firing pulse, a new pulse is generated. Thermal Protection The chip is able to supply an external protection circuitry, typically an NTC resistor with reference resistor, to track the ambient temperature. If the voltage at THP equals Vref/2 the protection is activated and the chip sets the firing angle defined by the value in ROM address 1. A resistor connected to pin FB can introduce hysteresis in the detection level. Options This block defines different modes of the chip operation. This voltage is used to supply the external potentiometer for the definition of different speed settings. ADC The analog signal from the potentiometer, which defines the speed setting, is transferred into digital by a 4-bit ADC. The reference for the converter is the voltage used to supply the potentiometer. Vss Vdda 90805 Voltage regulator Power monitoring and reset ROM The digital words from the ADC act as the address of a ROM table in which the different firing angles are programmed. This means that 16 different firing angles can be selected. ZCD zero crossing detector SET Lookup ROM Auto retriggering ADC Zero Cross This block detects the moments when mains voltage crosses zero level. An accurate detection allows good synchronization, so firing pulses driving the triac can be generated at the right moment. Logic Vref/2 Vref COMP Options Vref THP MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Triac driver Page 2 FB Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller MLX90805 Electrical Specifications Environmental Conditions Symbol Description Tamb Ambient temperature Tch Maximum chip temperature Rth Thermal resistance IDDAm Maximum allowed source supply current Min Typ 0 Max Unit 85 °C 150 °C 110 °C/Ω Condition DIP8 or SOP8 package 10 mA Drivers off, all the current flows in the chip Condition Analog Features Power Supply High voltage supply should be applied between VDDA and VSS. Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit VDDA Voltage applied at the supply pin 14 16 18 V VDD Internal 5V supply 4.6 5.0 5.4 V IDDA Current consumption VREF For external circuitry 3 4.6 5 5.4 IDDA = 5mA mA VDDA = 14V V IREF = 8mA Unit Conditions Condition Power On Reset This block ensures a correct start of the digital part. The reset signal goes up for VDD > Vdporh and down for VDD < Vdporl. Symbol Description Vdporh High level threshold 2.5 V Vdporl Low level threshold 2.0 V Vdphyst Hysteresis 0.5 V Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit Vaporh High level threshold 12 13 14 V Vaporl Low level threshold 9 10 11 V Vaphyst Hysteresis 2 3 4 V MLX902xx Name of Sensor MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Min Typ Rev Y.X 3 Page Max 22/Aug/98 Page 3 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Zero Cross Detector This detector contains two comparators with hysteresis. The first comparator has its reference at VDDA. The reference of the second one is VDDA-1V. Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit Conditions Vzc1h High level threshold 1 VDDA +0.5 V Vzc1l Low level threshold 1 VDDA -0.5 V Vzc2h High level threshold 2 VDDA -1.5 V Vzc2l Low level threshold 2 VDDA -2.5 V Rzc External resistor 470 kΩ Vline = 230VAC typ Triac (Ignition) Driver This driver operates as a current generator to fire the triac ON. Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit Conditions ITRG Triac gate current 30 60 90 mA VDDA > Vaporh Description Min Typ Max Unit Conditions ADC Symbol Resolution VREF Reference voltage MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller 4 4.6 5 Page 4 bits 5.4 V Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Digital Features Firing Debounce of ADC The result from the potentiometer reading must not jump from one position to the other, therefore a special debouncing is designed. The debounce circuit compares the current value from the ADC with the previous one. The new value is accepted only if the absolute difference between the new and the previous value is greater then 1 LSB. Power Settings (ROM table) The ADC output data is applied after debouncing at the address bus of the ROM and the corresponding power settings are available at its data output SETP [9:0]. The content of the ROM can be defined freely: it does not need to be linearly or continuous. When the potentiometer setting is changed from one position to the other, the phase angle is moved to the new position via the soft start procedure, avoiding abrupt changes. For programming the different speed settings in the ROM table, following formula can be used, given ti (in msec) is the delay from the previous zero crossing to the moment of ignition: ROMi[9 : 0] = ti • 2 • Fmains − 10 f.e.: for a phase angle of 50%, ti = 5msec for a 50Hz mains, and thus: ROMi [ 9 : 0 ] = 5 • 2 • 50 − 10 = 490 Note: The value should not be negative: very small values can not be programmed. The soft start circuit generates a predefined set of values for the ignition angle IGN. These values are compared with the value of a down counter, which is clocked by DCLK = 100kHz (the resolution is 10 us) and is cleared at beginning of every half period of mains. When the counter value becomes equal to IGN the firing circuit produces an ignition pulse GATE with duration 20us, 40us, 80us or 320us. This duration can be chosen with option DUTS[1:0]. The retriggering circuit checks whether the triac is ON, if not additional firing pulses are generated every 20us (with respect to the end of the previous firing pulse) until firing of the triac. Thermal Protection An external circuitry supplied by VREF defines the voltage at pin THP. This voltage is proportional to Tamb. It is tracked by an internal comparator referred to VREF/2. The tracking process is sampled. When the switch is ON (see block diagram), the chip checks if Tamb is greater than a predefined value. If yes, the motor is driven to operate at the speed defined at the first ROM address. During the time when the switch is OFF, the chip checks what kind of mode is defined by the external elements: 2-wire or 3-wire potentiometer connection. A reconnection of the elements used for thermal protection is needed only to define the active mode of operation. The temperatures for which thermal protection becomes active or not are defined by the external elements, keeping in mind that comparator is referred toVREF/2. In the case when thermal protection is not used, pin THP should be connected to pin FB, which is connected either to Vss or to Vref, depending on the mode. 2-wire mode, if V(FB) = VREF 3-wire mode, if V(FB) = VSS Soft Start The soft start is initiated after the supply voltage has been built up. This behavior guarantees a gentle start-up for the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run-up time. The motor is fired initially with a very small phase angle, i.e. a delay time very close to half the mains period. The phase angle is than increasing up to the phase angle defined by the potentiometer setting. The rate of increase is defined by the option ATN[4:0]. This option defines the time to increase the phase angle from minimum to maximum. If the phase angle, selected by the potentiometer, is not the maximum phase angle then the soft start run-up time is decreased proportionally. MLX902xx Name of Sensor MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Rev Y.X 5 Page 22/Aug/98 Page 5 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Pinout Options Standard package is 8-pin dual inline package. (Known as DIP-8, PDIP-8, DIL-8 and PDIL-8) The following options are available: Firing angle definition Pin Name Type Description 1 SET Input Potentiometer input 2 THP Input Thermal protection 3 FB Input Feed back to create hysteresis for thermal protection 4 ZC Input Zero cross input 5 TRG Output Triac driver output 6 VSS Supply Ground With: Fmains = frequency of the mains (in Hz) 7 VDDA Supply Supply, high level Note: 8 VREF Output Reference voltage The value should not be negative: very small values can not be programmed. The content of the ROM can be defined freely: it does not need to be linear or continuous. However for a proper softstart generation under all conditions, the value with minimum firing angle (thus maximum speed) must be in the highest ROM address. Precautions The firing angles, and corresponding motor speeds, can be defined in ROMi[9:0]. This is the ROM table which is addressed by the ADC reading the potentiometer setting. The ROM contains 16 words of 10 bits. For programming the different speed settings in the ROM table, following formula can be used, given ti (in msec) is the delay from the previous zero crossing to the moment of ignition: ROMi [ 9 : 0 ] = ti • 2 • Fmains − 10 Default values: Disturbance Immunity According to pr EN 55014-2 ESD All I/O pins must withstand the normalized ESD pulses up to 2kV (100pF / 1.5 kΩ). The pins will be stressed in both polarities, with respect to the combination of all supply pins. MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 6 Rom address 0 Value 590 1 2 567 544 3 4 5 6 522 500 477 456 7 8 434 411 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 387 362 335 305 273 231 112 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Maximum phase angle Enable Retriggering Independent of the phase angle definitions in the ROM table, a maximum phase angle can be defined. This is the phase angle that will be applied immediately after the power on sequence, and is therefore the first phase angle in the soft start sequence. This maximum phase angle is defined in MIN[9:0] with the formula: With bit RTRIG set to 1, triac retriggering is enabled. The retriggering circuit checks whether the triac is ON, if not additional firing pulses are generated every 20us (with respect to the end of the previous firing pulse) until firing of the triac. With bit RTRIG set to 0, triac retriggering is disabled. For each triac firing two pulses are generated with a delay of 20 usec (with respect to the end of the previous firing pulse). MIN[9:0] = Tini * 2 * Fmains - 10 With: Tini = the initial phase angle (in msec) Fmains = frequency of the mains (in Hz) The default value is triggering enabled. Default value: Tini = 7 msec and Fmains = 50Hz, thus MIN[9:0] is 690. Soft start time duration There are 5 bits ATN[4:0] used to define the duration of the soft start time. The bits can be calculated with following formula: Ts = ((Tini – Tmin) * ATTN ) / 62.5 With: Ts = the duration of the soft start (in sec.) Tini = the initial phase angle defined by MIN[9:0] (in msec) Retriggering Mask With the option MINA[3:0] it is possible to define a zone at the end of each half cycle of the mains voltage, where it is impossible to generate retriggering pulses. This has two purposes: With some (non inductive) loads the current can become quite small at the end of each half cycle. This can eventually activate the retriggering circuit which will unnecessarily generate additional pulses thus increasing the current consumption. Tmin = the phase angle corresponding to the value in the highest ROM address (in msec) When generating a retriggering pulse just before the zero crossing, this pulse could overlap to the next half period. With some (non inductive) loads this can lead to false triggering at full power and must be avoided. ATTN = bin2dec(ATN[4:0]+1), a value between 2 and 32. The bits MINA[3:0] are defined according to the following formula: Default value: Tini = 8msec, Tmin = 1.84 msec, ATTN = 32, thus Ts = 3.15 sec. Tmina * 2 * Fmains = MINA[3:0] * 64 With: Tmina = the phase angle from which retriggering is prohibited (in msec) Fmains = frequency of the mains (in Hz) Firing pulse duration The duration of the firing pulses can be defined by the bits DUTS[1:0] according to following table. The default value is 20 usec. Default value: MINA[3:0]=1101'b=13'd and Fmain = 50Hz, this means that retriggering is prohibited at 8.32ms. Soft start only Function regulator See page 8 DUTS1 DUTS0 Duration in µS 0 0 320 0 1 80 1 0 40 1 1 20 MLX902xx Name of Sensor MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller 2-wire or 3-wire potentiometer connection. See pages 9 and 10 Rev Y.X 7 Page 22/Aug/98 Page 7 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Applications Example - Soft Start Only N Cf Vdda ZC RZ L 90805 Vss TRG SET M RM Soft Start Only The chip is used to perform smooth soft start of an electrical motor. It detects when the mains voltage is applied and generates firing pulses for the triac. The motor starts running, and the maximum speed (motor operating at full power) is reached after a predefined time. This application is defined by fixing V(SET) = Vref. This means, after soft start generation, always the maximum speed (corresponding to the highest ROM address) is selected. MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 8 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Applications Example - Soft Start with 2-Wire Setting N Cf Vdda ZC 90805 Vss RZ THP TRG Vref RM R2 FB SET R1 L M RP NTC Pot Soft Start With 2-Wire Setting Note: The speed control is performed in addition to the soft start in this application. A potentiometer in 2-wire connection is used to define different speed settings. An additional resistor RP with value equal to the potentiometer is used to keep the ADC input to be ratiometric. In this case, the input signal for the ADC varies between 0 and VREF/2. The minimum speed corresponds to a potentiometer set to its minimum value (i.e. Rpot = 0). Maximum speed corresponds to a potentiometer set to its maximum value. When the mains voltage is applied to the system, the motor starts running at a speed defined by the potentiometer, as soon as the soft start time has finished. The disadvantage of the 2-wire application is that, at maximum speed setting, the tolerance on the absolute value of the potentiometer defines the tolerance of the voltage at the SET input, resulting in a less accurate selection of the maximum speed setting. This can be avoided when using the 3-wire application. The voltage at SET is transferred to a 4 bit value to address a ROM table in which the different phase angles are defined with a 10 bit resolution. The 2-wire mode is selected by connecting VFB to VREF (eventually via a resistor). R1, R2 and NTC are only needed for thermal protection, and can be left out otherwise MLX902xx Name of Sensor MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Rev Y.X 9 Page 22/Aug/98 Page 9 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Applications Example - Soft Start with 3-Wire Setting N Cf Vdda ZC Vss RZ 90805 THP Vref TRG SET RM L FB R1 NTC R2 M Pot Soft Start With 3-Wire Setting Note: The speed control is performed in addition to the soft start in this application. A potentiometer in 3-wire connection is used to define different speed settings. The input signal for the ADC varies between 0 and VREF. The minimum speed corresponds to a maximum voltage at SET. Maximum speed corresponds to a minimum voltage at SET. When the mains voltage is applied to the system, the motor starts running at a speed defined by the potentiometer, as soon as the soft start time has finished. The voltage at SET is transferred to a 4 bit value to address a ROM table in which the different phase angles are defined with a 10 bit resolution. The 3-wire mode is selected by connecting VFB to VSS (eventually via a resistor). R1, R2 and NTC are only needed for thermal protection, and can be left out otherwise MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 10 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Performance of Soft Start Mechanism. The plots are a measurement of motor current (signal A1) and speed (signal A2) during startup for a particular motor. In the first plot we have a soft start of approx. 3 seconds. In the second plot we directly connect the same motor to the line voltage: MLX902xx Name of Sensor MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Rev Y.X 11 Page 22/Aug/98 Page 11 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller “A” Package Dimensions 0.20 0.38 6.10 7.11 1.1 5 1.7 7 2.54 BSC 7.62 10.92 B S C Max Notes: A 5.33 MAX 2.93 0.39 4.06 Min 1-All measurements in mm 2-Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion - not to exceed 0.15mm 0.35 0.55 Dimension A Min Max 8 Leads 14 Leads 16 Leads 18 Leads 20 Leads 24 Leads 9.02 10.16 18.67 19.68 18.67 19.68 22.35 23.67 24.89 26.92 31.24 32.51 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 12 Rev 1.2 17/May/00 MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller “SO” Package Dimensions 3.80 4.00 5.80 6.20 0.40 1.27 0.33 0.51 1.27 0 o to 8 o Notes: 1-All nominal measurements in millimeters 2 - B o dy d i m e n s i o n s d o n o t i n c l u d e m o l d f l a s h or protrusion - not to exceed 0.15mm A 2.35 2.65 0.010 min. Dimension A Min Max 8 Leads 14 Leads 16 Leads 4.80 5.00 8.55 8.75 9.80 10.00 For the latest version of this document, Go to our website at: www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Melexis France Tour Arago, 5 rue Bellini, 92806 Puteaux-La-Défense, France. Phone: +33 1 47 78 11 34 Fax: +33 1 47 78 06 35 E-mail: [email protected] Italy USA Melexis Inc. 41 Locke Road, Concord, NH 03301 Phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: [email protected] France Fax: +1 603 223 9614 Dimacred IRL Via Papa Giovanni XXIII no. 25, 20046 Biassono, Italy Phone: +39 039 249 4856 Fax: +39 039 491773 E-mail: [email protected] Japan United Kingdom Silicon Concepts PCB Lynchborough Road, Hampshire GU30 7SB, United Kingdom Phone: +44 1428 751 617 Fax: +44 1428 751 603 E-mail: [email protected] Germany Am Seestern 8, 40547 Düsseldorf, Germany Phone: +49 211 5360212 Fax: +49 211 5360250 E-mail: [email protected] MLX902xx Name of Sensor MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Satori Electric Co., LTD 1-14-10 Shiba, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan Phone: +81 3 3452 7171 Fax: +81 3 3769 2197 E-mail: [email protected] Taiwan Beechwood Int’l Taiwan Co. Room 8, 17F, No. 189, Taipei, Taiwan Phone: +886 2 2739 3322 E-mail: [email protected] Rev Y.X 13 Page Fax: +886 2 2739 3090 22/Aug/98 Page 13 Rev 1.2 17/May/00