Features • • • • • • • • • • Full-wave Current Sensing Mains Supply Variation Compensated Programmable Load-current Limitation with Over- and High-load Output Variable Soft Start Voltage and Current Synchronization Automatic Retriggering Switchable Triggering Pulse Typically 125 mA Internal Supply-voltage Monitoring Current Requirement ≤ 3 mA Temperature-compensated Reference Voltage Phase-control IC with Current Feedback and Overload Protection Applications • Advanced Motor Control • Grinder • Drilling Machine 1. Description The U2010B is designed as a phase-control circuit in bipolar technology for motor control applications with load-current feedback and overload protection. It enables load-current detection and has a soft-start function as well as reference voltage output. Figure 1-1. Block Diagram 15 Limiting detector 14 Overload 13 12 Mains voltage compensation Voltage detector Current detector 11 100% Output Phase control unit ϕ = f(V4) - 1 Supply voltage High load Automatic retriggering 2 70% Programmable overload protection + Full wave rectifier 16 Voltage monitoring 1 U2010B Load current detector 2 Level shift 3 Soft start 4 5 6 7 10 GND A αmax B Autostart 9 C Imax U2010B Reference voltage 8 4766C–INDCO–04/10 Figure 1-2. Block Diagram with External Circuit 230V ~ 18 kΩ/2W D1 D3 LED R1 αmax R2 330 kΩ R8 470 kΩ VS Load 15 Limiting detector 14 Voltage detector Overload 13 12 22 µF + Mains voltage compensation Current detector R3 100% Output - 1 + 2 Full wave rectifier 16 1 Load current detector 2 Level shift 3 Soft start 4 5 6 V(R6) = ± 250 mV 3.3 kΩ GND Mode A αmax B Autostart C A 9 B C S1 7 U2010B Reference voltage 8 + C2 0.1 µF C5 R5 10 Imax Voltage monitoring 3.3 kΩ R6 70% Programmable overload protection 180Ω R4 Supply voltage High load Automatic retriggering Phase control unit ϕ = f(V4) C1 11 C3 C4 10 nF 0.15 µF R11 1 MΩ 4.7 µF Overload threshold R14 R10 P1 50 kΩ Set point C7 + 1 µF 100 kΩ Load current compensation 2 R7 U2010B 4766C–INDCO–04/10 U2010B 2. Pin Configuration Figure 2-1. Pinning DIP16/SO16 ISENSE 1 16 OUTPUT ISENSE 2 15 VSYNC Cϕ 3 14 VRϕ CONTROL 4 13 OVERLOAD U2010B Table 2-1. COMP 5 12 HIGH LOAD ILOAD 6 11 VS CSOFT 7 10 GND VREF 8 9 MODE Pin Description Pin Symbol Function 1 ISENSE Load current sensing 2 ISENSE Load current sensing 3 Cϕ Ramp voltage 4 CONTROL Control input 5 COMP Compensation output 6 ILOAD Load current limitation 7 CSOFT Soft start 8 VREF Reference voltage 9 MODE Mode selection 10 GND 11 VS 12 HIGH LOAD High load indication 13 OVERLOAD Overload indication 14 VRϕ Ramp current adjust 15 VSYNC 16 OUTPUT Ground Supply voltage Voltage synchronization Trigger output 3 4766C–INDCO–04/10 3. General Description 3.1 Mains Supply The U2010B contains voltage limiting and can be connected with the mains supply via D1 and R1. Supply voltage – between pin 10 and pin 11 – is smoothed by C1. In the case of V6 ≤ 70% of the overload threshold voltage, pins 11 and 12 are connected internally whereby Vsat ≤ 1.2 V. When ⏐ V6⏐ ≥ ⏐ VT70⏐ , the supply current flows across D3. The series resistance R1 can be calculated as follows: V mains – V Smax R 1max = -------------------------------------2 × I tot where: 3.2 Vmains = Mains supply voltage VSmax = Maximum supply voltage Itot = Total current consumption = ISmax + Ix ISmax = Maximum current consumption of the IC Ix = Current consumption of the external components Voltage Monitoring When the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage monitoring. Apart from that, all latches in the circuit (phase control, load limit regulation) are reset and the soft-start capacitor is short-circuited. This guarantees a specified start-up behavior each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short interruptions of the mains supply. Soft start is initiated after the supply voltage has been built up. This behavior guarantees a gentle start-up for the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run-up time. 3.3 Phase Control The function of the phase control is mainly identical to the well-known IC U211B. The phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage V3, which is mains-synchronized by the voltage detector, with the set value on the control input, pin 4. The slope of the ramp is determined by Cϕ and its charging current Iϕ. The charging current can be varied using Rϕ at pin 14. The maximum phase angle, αmax, can also be adjusted by using Rϕ (minimum current flow angle ϕmin), see Figure 7-1 on page 10. When the potential on pin 3 reaches the set point level of pin 4, a trigger pulse width, tp, is determined from the value of Cϕ (tp = 9 µs/nF). At the same time, a latch is set with the output pulse as long as the automatic retriggering has not been activated. When this happens, no more pulses can be generated in that half cycle. The control input at pin 4 (with respect to pin 10) has an active range from V8 to -1 V. When V4 = V8, then the phase angle is at its maximum, αmax, i.e., the current flow angle is minimum. The minimum phase angle, αmin, is set with V4 ≥ -1 V. 4 U2010B 4766C–INDCO–04/10 U2010B 3.4 Automatic Retriggering The current-detector circuit monitors the state of the triac after triggering by measuring the voltage drop at the triac gate. A current flow through the triac is recognized when the voltage drop exceeds a threshold level of typically 40 mV. If the triac is quenched within the relevant half-wave after triggering (for example owing to low load currents before or after the zero crossing of the current wave, or for commutator motors, owing to brush lifters), the automatic retriggering circuit ensures immediate retriggering, if necessary with a high repetition rate, tpp/tp, until the triac remains reliably triggered. 3.5 Current Synchronization Current synchronization fulfils two functions: – Monitoring the current flow after triggering. In case the triac extinguishes again or does not switch on, automatic triggering is activated until the triggering is successful. – Avoiding triggering due to an inductive load. In the case of inductive load operation, the current synchronization ensures that in the new half wave, no pulse will be enabled as long as there is a current available from the previous half wave, which flows from the opposite polarity to the actual supply voltage. The current synchronization as described above is a special feature of the U2010B. The device evaluates the voltage at the pulse output between gate and reference electrode of the triac. As a result, no separate current synchronization input with specified series resistance is necessary. 3.6 Voltage Synchronization with Mains Voltage Compensation The voltage detector synchronizes the reference ramp with the mains supply voltage. At the same time, the mains-dependent input current at pin 15 is shaped and rectified internally. This current activates the automatic retriggering and at the same time is available at pin 5. By suitable dimensioning, it is possible to obtain the specified compensation effect. Automatic retriggering and mains voltage compensation are not activated until ⏐ V15 - 10⏐ increases to 8 V. The resistance Rsync. defines the width of the zero voltage cross over pulse, synchronization current, and hence the mains supply voltage compensation current. Figure 3-1. Suppression of Mains Voltage Compensation and Automatic Retrigger Mains R2 15 U2010B 2x C6V2 10 If the mains voltage compensation and the automatic retriggering are not required, both functions can be suppressed by limiting ⏐ V15 - 10⏐ ≤ 7 V, see Figure 3-1. 5 4766C–INDCO–04/10 3.7 Load-current Compensation The circuit continuously measures the load current as a voltage drop at resistance R6. The evaluation and use of both half waves results in a quick reaction to load-current change. Due to the voltage at resistance R6, there is a difference between both input currents at pins 1 and 2. This difference controls the internal current source, whose positive current values are available at pins 5 and 6. The output current generated at pin 5 contains the difference from the load-current detection and from the mains voltage compensation, see Figure 1-2 on page 2. The efficient impedance of the set-point network generates a voltage at pin 4. A current, flowing out of pin 5 through R 10, modulates this voltage. An increase of mains voltage causes the increase of control angle α, an increase of load current results in a decrease in the control angle. This avoids a decrease in revolution by increasing the load as well as an increase of revolution by the increment of the mains supply voltage. 3.8 Load-current Limitation The total output load current is available at pin 6. It results in a voltage drop across R11. When the potential of the load current reaches about 70% of the threshold value (VT70), i.e., about 4.35 V at pin 6, it switches the high-load comparator and opens the switch between pins 11 and 12. By using an LED between these pins (11 and 12), a high-load indication can be realized. If the potential at pin 6 increases to about 6.2 V (= VT100), it switches the overload comparator. The result is programmable at pin 9 (operation mode). 3.8.1 6 Mode Selection a) αmax (V9 = 0) In this mode of operation, pin 13 switches to -VS (pin 11) and pin 6 to GND (pin 10) after V6 has reached the threshold VT100. A soft-start capacitor is then shorted and the control angle is switched to αmax. This position is maintained until the supply voltage is switched off. The motor can be started again with the soft-start function when the power is switched on again. As the overload condition switches pin 13 to pin 11, it is possible to use a smaller control angle, αmax, by connecting a further resistance between pins 13 and 14. b) Auto start (pin 9 – open), see Figure 7-8 on page 12 The circuit behaves as described above, with the exception that pin 6 is not connected to GND. If the value of V6 decreases to 25% of the threshold value (VT25), the circuit becomes active again with soft start. c) Imax (V9 = V8), see Figure 7-10 on page 13 When V6 has reached the maximum overload threshold value (i.e., V6 = VT100), pin 13 is switched to pin 8 (VRef) through the resistance R (= 2 kΩ) without the soft-start capacitor discharging at pin 7. With this mode of operation, direct load-current control (Imax) is possible. U2010B 4766C–INDCO–04/10 U2010B 4. Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Reference point pin 10, unless otherwise specified. Parameters Pin Symbol Value Unit 11 -IS 30 mA 11 -is 100 mA 15 ±IsyncV 5 mA 15 ±isyncV 5 mA 4, 8 -VI 0 - V8 V Input current 4 ±II 500 µA Charging current 14 -Ij†max 0.5 mA 7, 8 -VI 0 - V8 V 16 +VI -VI 2 V11 V V 8 I0 10 mA 8 I0 30 mA Input currents 1, 2 ±Ii 1 mA Input voltages 5, 6 - Vi 0 - V8 V Overload output 13 IL 1 mA High-load output t ≤10 µs 12 IL 30 mA 12 IL 100 mA Tstg -40 to +125 °C Sink current t ≤10 µs Synchronous currents t ≤10 µs Phase Control Control voltage Soft Start Input voltage Pulse Output Input voltage Reference Voltage Source Output current t ≤10 µs Load-current Sensing Storage temperature range Junction temperature range Tj 125 °C Ambient temperature range Tamb -10 to +100 °C Symbol Value Unit RthJA RthJA RthJA 120 180 100 K/W K/W K/W 5. Thermal Resistance Parameters Junction ambient DIP16 SO16 on p.c. SO16 on ceramic 7 4766C–INDCO–04/10 6. Electrical Characteristics Parameters Test Conditions Supply Pin Symbol Min. -VS -VS 14.5 14.6 Typ. Max. Unit 16.5 16.8 V V 3.6 mA 9.2 9.1 V V 11 Supply-voltage limitation -IS = 3.5 mA -IS = 30 mA Current requirement -VS = 13.0 V Reference Voltage Source 1, 2, 8 and 15 open -IS 8 Reference voltage IL = 10 µA IL = 2.5 mA -VRef -VRef Temperature coefficient IS = 2.5 mA IS = 10 µA TCVRef TCVRef -0.004 +0.006 -VSon 11.3 12.3 V 2 mA 8.5 9.0 V 30 µA 100 µA 2.05 V Voltage Monitoring 8.6 8.4 8.9 8.8 %/K %/K 11 Turn-on threshold Phase Control Synchronization 15 Input current Voltage sync. ±IsyncV 0.15 Voltage limitation ±IL = 2 mA ±VsyncV 8.0 Input current Current synchronization 16 ±IsyncI 3 14 -Iϕ 1 1.85 Reference Ramp, see Figure 7-1 on page 10 Charging current Start voltage 3 -Vmax Temperature coefficient of start voltage 3 TCR 3 -Vmin Rϕ - reference voltage Final voltage Iϕ = 10 µA 11, 14 VRϕ Temperature coefficient Iϕ = 10 µA Iϕ = 1 µA 14 TCVRϕ TCVRϕ Pulse output current V16 = -1.2 V, Figure 7-2 on page 10 16 I0 Output pulse width VS = Vlimit C3 = 3.3 nF, see Figure 7-3 on page 10 16 tp 1.95 -0.003 %/K (V8 ± 200 mV) 0.96 1.02 1.10 0.03 0.06 100 125 V %/K %/K 150 30 mA µs Automatic Retriggering Repetition rate I15 ≥ 150 µA Threshold voltage 16 Soft Start, see Figure 7-4 and Figure 7-5 on page 11 7 tpp 3 ±VI 20 5 7.5 tp 60 mV Starting current V7 = V8 -I0 5 10 15 µA Final current V7-10 = -1V -I0 15 25 40 µA +I0 0.5 +I0 0.2 Gi 14 Discharge current Output current 4 Mains Voltage Compensation, see Figure 7-6 on page 11 Transfer gain I15/I5 Output offset current V(R6) = V15 = V5 = 0 8 mA 2 mA 15 15/5 (1 and 2 open) ±I0 17 20 2 µA U2010B 4766C–INDCO–04/10 U2010B 6. Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Parameters Test Conditions Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit GI 0.28 0.32 0.37 µA/mV 5, 6 , 7, 8 -I0 0 3 6 µA 1, 2 -VRef 300 400 mV 250 mV Load-current Detection, R1 = R2 = 3 kΩ, V15 = 0, V5 = V6 = V8, see Figure 7-7 on page 12 Transfer gain I5/150 mV, I6/150 mV Output offset currents Reference voltage I1, I2 = 100 µA Shunt voltage amplitude See Figure 1-2 on page 2 Load-current Limitation ±V(R6) 6, 7, 8 High load switching Threshold VT70 Figure 7-9 on page 12 VT70 4 4.35 4.7 V Overload switching Threshold VT100 Figure 7-10 on page 13 Figure 7-11 on page 13 VT100 5.8 6.2 6.6 V Restart switching Threshold VT25 Figure 7-8 on page 12 VT25 1.25 1.55 1.85 V 1 µA R0 2 4 8 kΩ -V9 3.8 4.3 4.7 V -I9 I9 5 5 10 10 20 20 µA µA Vsat Vlim 0.5 7.0 0.75 7.4 1.0 7.8 V V Input current Enquiry mode Output impedance Switching mode Programming Input, see Figure 1-2 on page 2 Input voltage - auto-start Input current 9 9 open V9 = 0 (amax) V9 = V8 (Imax) High Load Output, VT70, see Figure 7-9 on page 12, I12 = -3mA Saturation voltages Ii 11, 12 V6-8 ≤VT70 V6-8 ≥ VT70 Overload Output, VT100, V9 = Open or V9 = V10, see Figure 7-10 on page 13 Leakage current V6-8 ≤VT25, V13 = (V11+1)V Saturation voltages V6-8 ≥ VT100, I13 = 10 µA Output current, maximum load 13 Ilkg 0.5 µA 11, 12, 13 Vsat 0.1 V V9 = V8, see Figure 7-10 on page 13 13 I13 1 mA Leakage current V6 ≤VT100 13 Ilkg 4 µA Output impedance Open collector, V6 ≥ VT100 13 R0 8 kΩ Saturation voltage V6-8 ≥ VT100, I13 = 10 µA 13 V13-8 2 4 100 mV 9 4766C–INDCO–04/10 7. Diagrams Figure 7-1. Ramp Control Phase Angle α (°) 250 200 33 nF 10 nF 6.8 nF 4.7 nF 3.3 nF 2.2 nF 150 100 Cϕt = 1.5 nF 50 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Rϕ (R8) (kΩ) Figure 7-2. Pulse Output 120 VGT = -1.2V 100 IGT (mA) 80 60 40 20 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 RGT (Ω) Figure 7-3. Output Pulse Width 400 Δtp/ΔCϕ = 9 µs/nF tp (µs) 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 Cϕ = (nF) 10 U2010B 4766C–INDCO–04/10 U2010B Figure 7-4. Soft-start Charge Current 50 VS = 13V V6 = V8 I7 (µA) 40 30 Reference Point Pin 8 20 10 0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10 V7 (V) Figure 7-5. Soft-start Characteristic 12 Reference Point Pin 8 1 µF 10 I7 (V) 8 2.2 µF 4.7 µF 6 Cϕ = 10 µF VS = -13V 4 V6 = V8 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 t (s) Figure 7-6. Mains Voltage Compensation 0 I5 (µA) 40 80 120 160 Pins 1 and 2 open VS = -13V 200 -2 -1 Reference Point Pin 10 0 1 2 I15 (mA) 11 4766C–INDCO–04/10 Figure 7-7. Load-current Detection 200 160 I5 (µA) Reference Point Pin 8 V6 = VRef = V8 VS = -13V V15 = V10 = 0V 120 80 40 0 -400 -200 0 200 400 V(R6) (mV) Figure 7-8. Restart Switching Auto Start Mode 20 VS = -13V Pin 9 open 16 -V13-10 (V) Reference Points: V13 = pin 10, V6 = pin 8 12 8 4 VT25 VT25 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 V6-8 (V) Figure 7-9. High Load Switching (70%) 10 I12 = 3 mA V11-12 (V) 8 6 4 Reference Point Pin 8 2 VT170 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 V6 (V) 12 U2010B 4766C–INDCO–04/10 U2010B Figure 7-10. Overload Switching 12 VS = -13V V9 = V8 10 Reference Points: V13 = pin 10, V6 = pin 8 -V13-10 (V) 8 6 4 2 VT100 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 t (s) Figure 7-11. Load Limitation 20 VS = -13V V9 = V10 16 V13-10 (V) Reference Points: V13 = pin 10, V6 = pin 8 12 8 4 VT100 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 40 50 V6-8 (V) Figure 7-12. Power Dissipation of R1 10 Pv (W) 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 R1 (kΩ) 13 4766C–INDCO–04/10 Figure 7-13. Power Dissipation of R1 According to Current Consumption 10 8 Pv (mA) VM = 230V ~ 6 4 2 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 IS (mA) Figure 7-14. Maximum Resistance of R1 100 R1max (kΩ) 80 60 VM = 230V ~ 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 IS (mA) 14 U2010B 4766C–INDCO–04/10 U2010B Figure 7-15. Application Circuit 230V ~ 18 kΩ/2W D1 R1 L R8 470 kΩ LED αmax 22 µF + R9 VS Load 15 Limiting detector 14 Overload 13 12 Mains voltage compensation Voltage detector Current detector R3 100% Output - 1 + 2 70% Full wave rectifier 16 1 Load current detector 2 Level shift 3 Soft start 4 10 GND A αmax B Autostart A 9 B S1 C C Imax R12 220 kΩ Voltage monitoring 3.3 kΩ R6 Supply voltage Programmable overload protection 180Ω R4 11 High load Automatic retriggering Phase control unit ϕ = f(V4) C1 αmax 1 MΩ R2 330 kΩ D3 5 6 7 U2010B Reference voltage 8 T1 D2 V(R6) = ± 250 mV + C2 0.1 µF C5 R5 3.3 kΩ C3 C4 10 nF 0.15 µF R11 1 MΩ R14 R10 N Load current compensation 100 kΩ 1N4148 4.7 µF Overload threshold P1 R7 8.2 kΩ 50 kΩ Set point C7 C6 + 1 µF 1 µF + R13 100 kΩ 15 4766C–INDCO–04/10 8. Ordering Information Extended Type Number Package U2010B-xY Remarks DIP16 Tube, Pb-free U2010B-xFPY SO16 Tube, Pb-free U2010B-xFPG3Y SO16 Taped and reeled, Pb-free 9. Package Information Package DIP16 Dimensions in mm 7.82 7.42 20.0 max 4.8 max 6.4 max 0.5 min 3.3 1.64 1.44 0.58 0.48 2.54 0.39 max 9.75 8.15 17.78 Alternative 16 9 technical drawings according to DIN specifications 1 16 8 U2010B 4766C–INDCO–04/10 U2010B Package: SO 16 Dimensions in mm 5±0.2 9.9±0.1 0.1+0.15 1.4 0.2 3.7±0.1 0.4 1.27 3.8±0.1 6±0.2 8.89 16 9 technical drawings according to DIN specifications 1 8 Drawing-No.: 6.541-5031.02-4 Issue: 1; 15.08.06 Pin 1 identity 10. Revision History Please note that the following page numbers referred to in this section refer to the specific revision mentioned, not to this document. Revision No. History 4766C-INDCO-04/10 • Put datasheet in the newest temlate • Pb-free logo on page 1 deleted • Figure 2-1 “Pinning DIP16/SO16” on page 3 changed 4766B-INDCO-08/05 • Put datasheet in the newest template • Pb-free logo on page 1 added • Section 8 “Ordering Information” on page 16 changed 17 4766C–INDCO–04/10 Headquarters International Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Atmel Asia Unit 1-5 & 16, 19/F BEA Tower, Millennium City 5 418 Kwun Tong Road Kwun Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2245-6100 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 Atmel Europe Le Krebs 8, Rue Jean-Pierre Timbaud BP 309 78054 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Cedex France Tel: (33) 1-30-60-70-00 Fax: (33) 1-30-60-71-11 Atmel Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Technical Support [email protected] Sales Contact www.atmel.com/contacts Product Contact Web Site www.atmel.com Literature Requests www.atmel.com/literature Disclaimer: The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products. 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