TI TPS75515

TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
D 5-A Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator
D Available in 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
TO–220 (KC) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
Fixed-Output and Adjustable Versions
Open Drain Power-Good (PG) Status
Output (Fixed Options Only)
Dropout Voltage Typically 250 mV at 5 A
(TPS75533)
Low 125 µA Typical Quiescent Current
Fast Transient Response
3% Tolerance Over Specified Conditions for
Fixed-Output Versions
Available in 5-Pin TO–220 and TO–263
Surface-Mount Packages
Thermal Shutdown Protection
EN
IN
GND
OUTPUT
FB/PG
1
2
3
4
5
Tab is GND
TO–263 (KTT) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
1
2
3
4
5
EN
IN
GND
OUTPUT
FB/PG
Tab is GND
description
The TPS755xx family of 5-A low dropout (LDO) regulators contains four fixed voltage option regulators with
integrated power-good (PG) and an adjustable voltage option regulator. These devices are capable of supplying
5 A of output current with a dropout of 250 mV (TPS75533). Therefore, the device is capable of performing a
3.3-V to 2.5-V conversion. Quiescent current is 125 µA at full load and drops down to less than 1 µA when the
device is disabled. The TPS755xx is designed to have fast transient response for large load current changes.
TPS75533
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
TPS75515
400
VDO – Dropout Voltage – mV
350
IO = 5 A
VO = 3.3 V
300
250
200
150
VO = 1.5 V
Co = 100 µF
100
50
0
–50
–100
150
di + 1.25 A
µs
dt
5
–150
100
0
50
0
–40 –25 –10
5
20 35
50
65
80
95
110 125
0
20
40
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
60
I O – Output Current – A
∆ VO – Change in Output Voltage – mV
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
t – Time – µs
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright  2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
1
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
description (continued)
Because the PMOS device behaves as a low-value resistor, the dropout voltage is very low (typically 250 mV
at an output current of 5 A for the TPS75533) and is directly proportional to the output current. Additionally, since
the PMOS pass element is a voltage-driven device, the quiescent current is very low and independent of output
loading (typically 125 µA over the full range of output current). These two key specifications yield a significant
improvement in operating life for battery-powered systems.
The device is enabled when EN is connected to a low-level voltage. This LDO family also features a sleep mode;
applying a TTL high signal to EN (enable) shuts down the regulator, reducing the quiescent current to less than
1 µA at TJ = 25°C. The power-good terminal (PG) is an active low, open drain output, which can be used to
implement a power-on reset or a low-battery indicator.
The TPS755xx is offered in 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V fixed-voltage versions and in an adjustable version
(programmable over the range of 1.22 V to 5 V). Output voltage tolerance is specified as a maximum of 3% over
line, load, and temperature ranges. The TPS755xx family is available in a 5-pin TO–220 (KC) and TO–263 (KTT)
packages.
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
TJ
– 40°C to 125°C
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(TYP)
TO–220 (KC)
TO–263(KTT)
3.3 V
TPS75533KC
TPS75533KTT
2.5 V
TPS75525KC
TPS75525KTT
1.8 V
TPS75518KC
TPS75518KTT
1.5 V
TPS75515KC
TPS75515KTT
Adjustable 1.22 V to 5 V
TPS75501KC
TPS75501KTT
NOTE: The TPS75501 is programmable using an external resistor divider (see application
information). The KTT package is available taped and reeled. Add an R suffix to the
device type (e.g., TPS75501KTTR) to indicate tape and reel.
VI
2
IN
PG
OUT
1 µF
5
PG
4
VO
1
EN
+
GND
Co†
47 µF
3
† See application information section for capacitor selection details.
Figure 1. Typical Application Configuration (For Fixed Output Options)
2
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• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
functional block diagram—adjustable version
VOUT
VIN
Current
Sense
UVLO
SHUTDOWN
ILIM
R1
_
GND
+
FB
EN
UVLO
R2
Thermal
Shutdown
VIN
External to
the Device
Bandgap
Reference
Vref = 1.22 V
functional block diagram—fixed version
VOUT
VIN
UVLO
Current
Sense
SHUTDOWN
ILIM
_
R1
+
GND
UVLO
EN
R2
Thermal
Shutdown
VIN
Bandgap
Reference
Vref = 1.22 V
PG
Falling
Edge Delay
Terminal Functions (TPS755xx)
TERMINAL
NAME
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
EN
1
I
Enable input
FB/PG
5
I
Feedback input voltage for adjustable device/PG output for fixed options
GND
3
IN
2
I
Input voltage
OUTPUT
4
O
Regulated output voltage
Regulator ground
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
3
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
TPS755xx PG timing diagram
VIN1
VUVLO
VUVLO
t
VOUT
VIT +(see Note A)
Threshold
Voltage
VIT –
(see Note A)
t
PG
Output
t
NOTE A: VIT –Trip voltage is typically 9% lower than the output voltage (91%VO). VIT– to VIT+ is the hysteresis voltage.
detailed description
The TPS755xx family includes four fixed-output voltage regulators (1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, and 3.3 V), and an
adjustable regulator, the TPS75501 (adjustable from 1.22 V to 5 V). The bandgap voltage is typically 1.22 V.
pin functions
enable (EN)
The EN terminal is an input which enables or shuts down the device. If EN is a logic high, the device will be in
shutdown mode. When EN goes to logic low, the device will be enabled.
power-good (PG)
The PG terminal for the fixed voltage option devices is an open drain, active low output that indicates the status
of VO (output of the LDO). When VO reaches approximately 91% of the regulated voltage, PG will go to a low
impedance state. It will go to a high-impedance state when VO falls below approximately 89% (i.e. over load
condition) of the regulated voltage. The open drain output of the PG terminal requires a pullup resistor.
feedback (FB)
FB is an input terminal used for the adjustable-output option and must be connected to the output terminal either
directly, in order to generate the minimum output voltage of 1.22 V, or through an external feedback resistor
divider for other output voltages. The FB connection should be as short as possible. It is essential to route it in
such a way to minimize/avoid noise pickup. Adding RC networks between FB terminal and VO to filter noise is
not recommended because it may cause the regulator to oscillate.
4
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
detailed description (continued)
input voltage (IN)
The VIN terminal is an input to the regulator.
output voltage (OUTPUT)
The VOUTPUT terminal is an output to the regulator.
absolute maximum ratings over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted)Ĕ
Input voltage range‡, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.3 V to 6 V
Voltage range at EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 6 V
Maximum PG voltage (fixed options only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V
Peak output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internally limited
Continuous total power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Tables
Output voltage, VO (OUTPUT, FB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 V
Operating junction temperature range, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 40°C to 150°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C
ESD rating, HBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 kV
ESD rating, CDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 V
† Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
‡ All voltage values are with respect to network terminal ground.
DISSIPATION RATING TABLE
PACKAGE
RθJC (°C/W)
TO–220
2
RθJA (°C/W)§
58.7¶
TO–263
2
38.7#
§ For both packages, the RθJA values were computed using JEDEC high K board (2S2P)
with 1 ounce internal copper plane and ground plane. There was no air flow across the
packages.
¶ RθJA was computed assuming a vertical, free standing TO-220 package with pins
soldered to the board. There is no heatsink attached to the package.
# RθJA was computed assuming a horizontally mounted TO-263 package with pins
soldered to the board. There is no copper pad underneath the package.
recommended operating conditions
Input voltage, VI||
Output voltage range, VO
Output current, IO
MIN
MAX
UNIT
2.8
5.5
V
1.22
5
V
0
5
A
Operating virtual junction temperature, TJ
– 40
125
°C
|| To calculate the minimum input voltage for your maximum output current, use the following equation: VI(min) = VO(max) + VDO(max load).
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
5
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
electrical characteristics over recommended operating junction temperature range (TJ = –40°C to
125°C), VI = VO(typ) + 1 V, IO = 1 mA, EN = 0 V, CO = 100 µF (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
1.22 V ≤ VO ≤ 5.5 V,
Adjustable voltage
TJ = 25°C
TJ = 0 to 125°C
1 5 V Output
1.5
TJ = 25°C,
2.8 V ≤ VI ≤ 5.5 V
2.8 V < VI < 5.5 V
1 8 V Output
1.8
TJ = 25°C,
2.8 V ≤ VI ≤ 5.5 V
2.8 V < VI < 5.5 V
2 5 V Output
2.5
TJ = 25°C,
3.5 V ≤ VI ≤ 5.5 V
3.5 V < VI < 5.5 V
3 3 V Output
3.3
TJ = 25°C,
4.3 V ≤ VI ≤ 5.5 V
4.3 V < VI < 5.5 V
Quiescent current (GND current) (see Notes 2 and 3)
Output voltage line regulation (∆VO/VO) (see Note 3)
1.03 VO
0.98 VO
1.02 VO
1.455
1.746
2.5
3.399
200
VO + 1 V ≤ VI ≤ 5.5 V, TJ = 25°C
VO + 1 V ≤ VI < 5.5 V
0.1
TPS75515
TJ = 25°C,
IO = 5 A
Minimum input voltage for valid PG
IO(PG) = 300 µA,
V(PG) ≤ 0.8 V
PG trip threshold voltage
Fixed options only
PG hysteresis voltage
Fixed options only
VO decreasing
Measured at VO
PG output low voltage
Fixed options only
5.5
10
PG leakage current
Fixed options only
V
O
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
ǒVImax * 2.8 VǓ
100
V
O
1000
ǒVImax * ǒVO ) 1 VǓǓ
100
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
1000
A
µA
10
µA
1
µA
60
dB
0
V
93
0.5
If VO > 2.5 V then VImin = VO + 1 V, VImax = 5.5 V:
Line regulation (mV) + ǒ%ńVǓ
14
0.1
0.15
NOTES: 1. The adjustable option operates with a 2% tolerance over TJ = 0 to 125 °C.
2. IO = 1 mA to 5 A
3. If VO ≤ 2.5 V then VImin = 2.8 V, VImax = 5.5 V:
Line regulation (mV) + ǒ%ńVǓ
%/V
°C
89
IO(PG) = 1 mA
%/V
150
–1
VI = 2.8 V,
V(PG) = 5 V
µA
A
µVrms
35
EN = VI
f = 100 Hz,
VI = 2.8 V,
V
0.04
TJ = 25°C
FB = 1.5 V
V
3.3
125
TPS75501
6
2.575
3.201
Thermal shutdown junction temperature
Power supply ripple rejection
V
1.854
2.425
TJ = 25°C
EN = VI,
V
1.545
1.8
BW = 300 Hz to 50 kHz, TJ = 25°C, VI = 2.8 V
VO = 0 V
Standby current
UNIT
1.5
0.35
TPS75515
Output current limit
FB input current
MAX
0.97 VO
Load regulation (see Note 2)
Output noise voltage
TYP
VO
1.22 V ≤ VO ≤ 5.5 V
1.22 V ≤ VO ≤ 5.5 V,
(see Note 1)
O t t voltage
Output
lt
((see N
Note
t 2)
MIN
%VO
%VO
0.4
V
1
µA
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
electrical characteristics over recommended operating junction temperature range (TJ = –40°C to
125°C), VI = VO(typ) + 1 V, IO = 1 mA, EN = 0 V, CO = 100 µF (unless otherwise noted) (continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
Input current (EN)
MIN
EN = VI
–1
EN = 0 V
–1
High level EN input voltage
TYP
0
µA
1
µA
V
0.7
voltage (3.3
(3 3 V output) (see Note 4)
Dropout voltage,
Discharge transistor current
UVLO
VI
UNIT
1
2
Low level EN input voltage
VO
MAX
IO = 5 A,
IO = 5 A,
VI = 3.2 V,
VI = 3.2 V
VO = 1.5 V,
TJ = 25°C,
TJ = 25°C
VI rising
TJ = 25°C
V
250
mV
500
10
2.2
25
mA
2.75
V
UVLO hysteresis
TJ = 25°C,
VI falling
100
mV
NOTE 4: IN voltage equals VO(typ) – 100 mV; TPS75515, TPS75518, and TPS75525 dropout voltage limited by input voltage range limitations
(i.e., TPS75533 input voltage is set to 3.2 V for the purpose of this test).
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table of Graphs
FIGURE
VO
zo
Output voltage
vs Output current
2, 3
vs Junction temperature
4, 5
Ground current
vs Junction temperature
6
Power supply ripple rejection
vs Frequency
7
Output spectral noise density
vs Frequency
8
Output impedance
vs Frequency
9
vs Input voltage
10
VDO
Dropout voltage
VI
Minimum required input voltage
vs Junction temperature
11
vs Output voltage
12
Line transient response
13, 15
Load transient response
VO
14, 16
Output voltage and enable voltage
vs Time (start-up)
17
Equivalent series resistance
vs Output current
19, 20
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• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
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TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TPS75533
TPS75515
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
3.345
1.545
VI = 2.8 V
TJ = 25°C
VI = 4.3 V
TJ = 25°C
1.530
VO – Output Voltage – V
VO – Output Voltage – V
3.330
3.315
3.3
3.285
1.515
1.5
1.485
1.470
3.270
3.255
0
1
2
3
4
1.455
5
1
0
Figure 2
TPS75533
TPS75515
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
5
1.545
VI = 4.3 V
VI = 2.8 V
3.33
1.530
VO – Output Voltage – V
VO – Output Voltage – V
4
Figure 3
3.345
3.315
3.3
3.285
3.255
–40 –25
1.515
1.5
1.485
1.470
3.270
10
5
20
35
50
65 80
95 110 125
1.455
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
Figure 4
Figure 5
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
50 65
80
95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
8
3
2
IO – Output Current – A
IO – Output Current – A
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TPS755xx
TPS75733
GROUND CURRENT
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
POWER SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION
vs
FREQUENCY
90
150
PSRR – Power Supply Ripple Rejection – dB
Ground Current – µ A
VI = 5 V
IO = 5 A
125
100
75
–40 –25 –10
5
20
35
50
65
80
VI = 4.3 V
Co = 100 µF
TJ = 25°C
80
70
IO = 1 mA
60
50
40
30
IO = 5 A
20
10
0
10
95 110 125
100
1k
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
Figure 6
TPS75533
TPS75533
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE
vs
FREQUENCY
IO = 5 A
1.5
IO = 1 mA
1
0.5
10
VI = 4.3 V
Co = 100 µF
TJ = 25°C
1
IO = 1 mA
0.1
IO = 5 A
0.01
100
1k
f – Frequency – Hz
10M
100
VI = 4.3 V
VO = 3.3 V
Co = 100 µF
TJ = 25°C
2
1M
Figure 7
z o – Output Impedance – Ω
Output Spectral Noise Density – µ V/ Hz
100k
OUTPUT SPECTRAL NOISE DENSITY
vs
FREQUENCY
2.5
0
10
10k
f – Frequency – Hz
10k
100k
0.001
10
100
1k
10k
100k
f – Frequency – Hz
1M
10M
Figure 9
Figure 8
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• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
9
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TPS75501
TPS75533
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
450
IO = 5 A
VO = 3.3 V
350
TJ = 125°C
350
VDO – Dropout Voltage – mV
VDO – Dropout Voltage – mV
400
400
IO = 5 A
300
TJ = 25°C
250
TJ = –40°C
200
150
300
250
200
150
100
100
50
50
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
VI – Input Voltage – V
4.5
0
–40 –25 –10
5
5
MINIMUM REQUIRED INPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
65
80
95
110 125
TPS75515
∆ VO – Change in
Output Voltage – mV
IO = 5 A
TJ = 125°C
TJ = 25°C
TJ = –40°C
VO = 1.5 V
IO = 5 A
Co = 100 µF
50
0
–50
–100
3
VI – Input Voltage – V
VI– Minimum Required Input Voltage – V
50
LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
4
2.8
1.75
2
3
2.25 2.5 2.75
VO – Output Voltage – V
3.25
3.5
3.8
2.8
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
t – Time – µs
Figure 13
Figure 12
10
35
Figure 11
Figure 10
2
1.5
20
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
TPS75533
LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VO = 1.5 V
Co = 100 µF
100
50
0
–50
–100
di + 1.25 A
µs
dt
5
–150
0
0
20
40
60
100
VO = 3.3 V
IO = 5 A
Co = 100 µF
50
0
–50
–100
5.3
4.3
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
t – Time – µs
0
VI – Input Voltage – V
150
∆ VO – Change in Output Voltage – mV
TPS75515
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
I O – Output Current – A
∆ VO – Change in Output Voltage – mV
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
t – Time – µs
Figure 15
Figure 14
TPS75533
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND ENABLE VOLTAGE
vs
TIME (START-UP)
TPS75533
VO – Output Voltage – V
200
100
0
di + 1.25 A
µs
dt
–100
5
0
0
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
t – Time – µs
Enable Voltage – V
VO =3 .3 V
Co = 100 µF
I O – Output Current – A
∆ VO– Change in Output Voltage – mV
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VI = 4.3 V
IO = 10 mA
TJ = 25°C
3.3
0
4.3
0
0
0.2
Figure 16
0.4
0.6
0.8
t – Time (Start-Up) – ms
1
Figure 17
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TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
TPS75501 FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
To Load
IN
VI
OUT
+
EN
RL
Co
GND
ESR
Figure 18. Test Circuit for Typical Regions of Stability (Figures 19 and 20) (Fixed Output Options)
TYPICAL REGION OF STABILITY
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE†
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
10
Co = 680 µF
TJ = 25°C
ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance –Ω
ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance –Ω
10
TYPICAL REGION OF STABILITY
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE†
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
1
Region of Stability
0.1
Co = 47 µF
TJ = 25°C
1
Region of Stability
0.2
Region of Instability
0.015
Region of Instability
0.01
0.01
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
IO – Output Current – A
1
2
3
4
5
IO – Output Current – A
Figure 19
Figure 20
† Equivalent series resistance (ESR) refers to the total series resistance, including the ESR of the capacitor, any series resistance added externally,
and PWB trace resistance to Co.
12
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
THERMAL INFORMATION
The amount of heat that an LDO linear regulator generates is directly proportional to the amount of power it
dissipates during operation. All integrated circuits have a maximum allowable junction temperature (TJmax)
above which normal operation is not assured. A system designer must design the operating environment so
that the operating junction temperature (TJ) does not exceed the maximum junction temperature (TJmax). The
two main environmental variables that a designer can use to improve thermal performance are air flow and
external heatsinks. The purpose of this information is to aid the designer in determining the proper operating
environment for a linear regulator that is operating at a specific power level.
In general, the maximum expected power (PD(max)) consumed by a linear regulator is computed as:
ǒ
*V
P max + V
I(avg)
D
O(avg)
Ǔ
I
O(avg)
) V
I(avg)
xI
(1)
(Q)
Where:
VI(avg) is the average input voltage.
VO(avg) is the average output voltage.
IO(avg) is the average output current.
I(Q) is the quiescent current.
For most TI LDO regulators, the quiescent current is insignificant compared to the average output current;
therefore, the term VI(avg) x I(Q) can be neglected. The operating junction temperature is computed by adding
the ambient temperature (TA) and the increase in temperature due to the regulator’s power dissipation. The
temperature rise is computed by multiplying the maximum expected power dissipation by the sum of the thermal
resistances between the junction and the case (RθJC), the case to heatsink (RθCS), and the heatsink to ambient
(RθSA). Thermal resistances are measures of how effectively an object dissipates heat. Typically, the larger the
device, the more surface area available for power dissipation and the lower the object’s thermal resistance.
Figure 21 illustrates these thermal resistances for (a) a TO–220 package attached to a heatsink, and (b) a
TO–263 package mounted on a JEDEC High-K board.
C
B
A
TJ
RθJC
A
B
A
B
TC
RθCS
C
RθSA
TA
TO–263 Package
(b)
C
TO–220 Package
(a)
Figure 21. Thermal Resistances
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
THERMAL INFORMATION
Equation 2 summarizes the computation:
T
J
ǒ
Ǔ
+ T ) P Dmax x R
) R
) R
A
θJC
θCS
θSA
(2)
The RθJC is specific to each regulator as determined by its package, lead frame, and die size provided in the
regulator’s datasheet. The RθSA is a function of the type and size of heatsink. For example, black body radiator
type heatsinks, like the one attached to the TO–220 package in Figure 21(a), can have RθCS values ranging
from 5°C/W for very large heatsinks to 50°C/W for very small heatsinks. The RθCS is a function of how the
package is attached to the heatsink. For example, if a thermal compound is used to attach a heatsink to a
TO–220 package, RθCS of 1°C/W is reasonable.
Even if no external black body radiator type heatsink is attached to the package, the board on which the regulator
is mounted will provide some heatsinking through the pin solder connections. Some packages, like the TO–263
and TI’s TSSOP PowerPAD packages, use a copper plane underneath the package or the circuit board’s
ground plane for additional heatsinking to improve their thermal performance. Computer aided thermal
modeling can be used to compute very accurate approximations of an integrated circuit’s thermal performance
in different operating environments (e.g., different types of circuit boards, different types and sizes of heatsinks,
and different air flows, etc.). Using these models, the three thermal resistances can be combined into one
thermal resistance between junction and ambient (RθJA). This RθJA is valid only for the specific operating
environment used in the computer model.
Equation 2 simplifies into equation 3:
T
J
+ T ) P Dmax x R
A
θJA
(3)
Rearranging equation 3 gives equation 4:
R
θJA
+
T J–T A
(4)
P Dmax
Using equation 3 and the computer model generated curves shown in Figures 22 and 25, a designer can quickly
compute the required heatsink thermal resistance/board area for a given ambient temperature, power
dissipation, and operating environment.
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
14
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
THERMAL INFORMATION
TO–220 power dissipation
The TO–220 package provides an effective means of managing power dissipation in through-hole applications.
The TO–220 package dimensions are provided in the Mechanical Data section at the end of the data sheet. A
heatsink can be used with the TO–220 package to effectively lower the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance.
To illustrate, the TPS75525 in a TO–220 package was chosen. For this example, the average input voltage is
3.3 V, the output voltage is 2.5 V, the average output current is 3 A, the ambient temperature 55°C, the air flow
is 150 LFM, and the operating environment is the same as documented below. Neglecting the quiescent current,
the maximum average power is:
P Dmax + (3.3 – 2.5) V x 3 A + 2.4 W
(5)
Substituting TJmax for TJ into equation 4 gives equation 6:
R
max + (125 – 55)°Cń2.4 W + 29°CńW
θJA
(6)
From Figure 22, RθJA vs Heatsink Thermal Resistance, a heatsink with RθSA = 22°C/W is required to dissipate
2.4 W. The model operating environment used in the computer model to construct Figure 22 consisted of a
standard JEDEC High-K board (2S2P) with a 1 oz. internal copper plane and ground plane. Since the package
pins were soldered to the board, 450 mm2 of the board was modeled as a heatsink. Figure 23 shows the side
view of the operating environment used in the computer model.
THERMAL RESISTANCE
vs
HEATSINK THERMAL RESISTANCE
65
Rθ JA – Thermal Resistance – ° C/W
Natural Convection
55
Air Flow = 150 LFM
45
Air Flow = 250 LFM
Air Flow = 500 LFM
35
25
15
No Heatsink
5
25
20
15
10
5
RθSA – Heatsink Thermal Resistance – °C/W
0
Figure 22
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
THERMAL INFORMATION
TO–220 power dissipation (continued)
0.21 mm
0.21 mm
1 oz. Copper
Power Plane
1 oz. Copper
Ground Plane
Figure 23
From the data in Figure 22 and rearranging equation 4, the maximum power dissipation for a different heatsink
RθSA and a specific ambient temperature can be computed (see Figure 24).
POWER DISSIPATION
vs
HEATSINK THERMAL RESISTANCE
10
PD – Power Dissipation Limit – W
TA = 55°C
Air Flow = 500 LFM
Air Flow = 250 LFM
Air Flow = 150 LFM
Natural Convection
No Heatsink
1
20
10
RθSA – Heatsink Thermal Resistance – °C/W
Figure 24
16
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
THERMAL INFORMATION
TO–263 power dissipation
The TO–263 package provides an effective means of managing power dissipation in surface mount
applications. The TO–263 package dimensions are provided in the Mechanical Data section at the end of the
data sheet. The addition of a copper plane directly underneath the TO–263 package enhances the thermal
performance of the package.
To illustrate, the TPS75525 in a TO–263 package was chosen. For this example, the average input voltage is
3.3 V, the output voltage is 2.5 V, the average output current is 3 A, the ambient temperature 55°C, the air flow
is 150 LFM, and the operating environment is the same as documented below. Neglecting the quiescent current,
the maximum average power is:
P Dmax + (3.3 – 2.5) V x 3 A + 2.4 W
(7)
Substituting TJmax for TJ into equation 4 gives equation 8:
R
max + (125 – 55)°Cń2.4 W + 29°CńW
θJA
(8)
From Figure 25, RθJA vs Copper Heatsink Area, the ground plane needs to be 2 cm2 for the part to dissipate
2.4 W. The model operating environment used in the computer model to construct Figure 25 consisted of a
standard JEDEC High-K board (2S2P) with a 1 oz. internal copper plane and ground plane. The package is
soldered to a 2 oz. copper pad. The pad is tied through thermal vias to the 1 oz. ground plane. Figure 26 shows
the side view of the operating environment used in the computer model.
THERMAL RESISTANCE
vs
COPPER HEATSINK AREA
40
Rθ JA – Thermal Resistance – ° C/W
No Air Flow
35
150 LFM
30
250 LFM
25
20
15
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
Copper Heatsink Area – cm2
100
Figure 25
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
THERMAL INFORMATION
TO–263 power dissipation (continued)
2 oz. Copper Solder Pad
with 25 Thermal Vias
1 oz. Copper
Power Plane
1 oz. Copper
Ground Plane
Thermal Vias, 0.3 mm
Diameter, 1.5 mm Pitch
Figure 26
From the data in Figure 25 and rearranging equation 4, the maximum power dissipation for a different ground
plane area and a specific ambient temperature can be computed (see Figure 27).
MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION
vs
COPPER HEATSINK AREA
PD – Maximum Power Dissipation – W
5
TA = 55°C
250 LFM
4
150 LFM
3
No Air Flow
2
1
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
Copper Heatsink Area – cm2
Figure 27
18
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
APPLICATION INFORMATION
programming the TPS75501 adjustable LDO regulator
The output voltage of the TPS75501 adjustable regulator is programmed using an external resistor divider as
shown in Figure 28. The output voltage is calculated using:
V
O
+V
ǒ1 ) R1
Ǔ
R2
ref
(9)
Where:
Vref = 1.224 V typ (the internal reference voltage)
Resistors R1 and R2 should be chosen for approximately 40-µA divider current. Lower value resistors can be
used but offer no inherent advantage and waste more power. Higher values should be avoided as leakage
currents at FB increase the output voltage error. The recommended design procedure is to choose
R2 = 30.1 kΩ to set the divider current at 40 µA and then calculate R1 using:
R1 +
ǒ
V
V
Ǔ
O *1
ref
(10)
R2
TPS75501
VI
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
PROGRAMMING GUIDE
IN
1 µF
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
≥2V
EN
≤ 0.7 V
OUT
VO
R1
Co
FB
GND
R1
R2
UNIT
2.5 V
31.6
30.1
kΩ
3.3 V
51
30.1
kΩ
3.6 V
58.3
30.1
kΩ
R2
Figure 28. TPS75501 Adjustable LDO Regulator Programming
regulator protection
The TPS755xx PMOS-pass transistor has a built-in back diode that conducts reverse currents when the input
voltage drops below the output voltage (e.g., during power down). Current is conducted from the output to the
input and is not internally limited. When extended reverse voltage is anticipated, external limiting may be
appropriate.
The TPS755xx also features internal current limiting and thermal protection. During normal operation, the
TPS755xx limits output current to approximately 10 A. When current limiting engages, the output voltage scales
back linearly until the overcurrent condition ends. While current limiting is designed to prevent gross device
failure, care should be taken not to exceed the power dissipation ratings of the package. If the temperature of
the device exceeds 150°C(typ), thermal-protection circuitry shuts it down. Once the device has cooled below
130°C(typ), regulator operation resumes.
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
APPLICATION INFORMATION
input capacitor
For a typical application, a ceramic input bypass capacitor (0.22 µF–1 µF) is recommended to ensure device
stability. This capacitor should be as close as possible to the input pin. Due to the impedance of the input supply,
large transient currents will cause the input voltage to droop. If this droop causes the input voltage to drop below
the UVLO threshold, the device will turn off. Therefore, it is recommended that a larger capacitor be placed in
parallel with the ceramic bypass capacitor at the regulator’s input. The size of this capacitor depends on the
output current, response time of the main power supply, and the main power supply’s distance to the regulator.
At a minimum, the capacitor should be sized to ensure that the input voltage does not drop below the minimum
UVLO threshold voltage during normal operating conditions.
output capacitor
As with most LDO regulators, the TPS755xx requires an output capacitor connected between OUT and GND
to stabilize the internal control loop. The minimum recommended capacitance value is 47 µF with an ESR
(equivalent series resistance) of at least 200 mΩ. As shown in Figure 29, most capacitor and ESR combinations
with a product of 47e–6 x 0.2 = 9.4e–6 or larger will be stable, provided the capacitor value is at least 47 µF.
Solid tantalum electrolytic and aluminum electrolytic capacitors are all suitable, provided they meet the
requirements described in this section. Larger capacitors provide a wider range of stability and better load
transient response.
This information along with the ESR graphs, Figures 19, 20, and 29, is included to assist in selection of suitable
capacitance for the user’s application. When necessary to achieve low height requirements along with high
output current and/or high load capacitance, several higher ESR capacitors can be used in parallel to meet
these guidelines.
OUTPUT CAPACITANCE
vs
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE
1000
Output Capacitance – µ F
Region of Stability
100
ESR min x Co = Constant
47
Region x
ofCInstability
Y = ESRmin
o
10
0.01
0.1
ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance – Ω
Figure 29
20
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TPS75515, TPS75518, TPS75525, TPS75533 WITH POWER GOOD AND
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
MECHANICAL DATA
KC (R-PSFM-T5)
PLASTIC FLANGE-MOUNT
0.113 (2,87)
0.103 (2,62)
0.420 (10,67)
0.380 (9,65)
0.156 (3,96)
DIA
0.146 (3,71)
0.185 (4,70)
0.175 (4,46)
0.055 (1,40)
0.045 (1,14)
0.147 (3,73)
0.137 (3,48)
0.340 (8,64)
0.330 (8,38)
0.125 (3,18)
(see Note C)
0.040 (1,02)
0.030 (0,76)
0.010 (0,25) M
1
1.010 (25,64)
0.990 (25,14)
5
0.067 (1,70)
0.268 (6,81)
0.122 (3,10)
0.102 (2,59)
0.025 (0,64)
0.012 (0,30)
4040208 / D 01/00
NOTES: A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Lead dimensions are not controlled within this area.
All lead dimensions apply before solder dip.
The center lead is in electrical contact with the mounting tab.
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VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS293D – NOVEMBER 2000 – REVISED MAY 2002
MECHANICAL DATA
KTT (R-PSFM-G5)
PLASTIC FLANGE-MOUNT
0.405 (10,29)
0.395 (10,03)
0.058 (1,47)
0.052 (1,32)
0.185 (4,70)
0.175 (4,45)
0.050 (1,27) NOM
0.107 (2,72)
0.340 (8,64)
0.330 (8,38)
0.610 (15,49)
0.590 (14,99)
0.103 (2,62)
0.010 (0,25)
0.001 (0,03)
1
0.067 (1,70)
0.268 (6,81)
5
Seating Plane
0.035 (0,89)
0.029 (0,74)
0.004 (0,10)
0.010 (0,25) M
0.021 (0,53)
0.015 (0,38)
0.110 (2,79)
0.090 (2,29)
0°–ā5°
4200577/A 09/99
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Dimensions do not include mold protrusions, not to exceed 0.006 (0,15).
22
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