ADVANCE INFORMATION MICRONAS Edition Jan. 19, 1999 6251-472-1AI VPC323xD, VPC324xD Comb Filter Video Processor MICRONAS VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Contents Page Section Title 5 5 6 7 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. Introduction System Architecture Video Processor Family VPC Applications 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 2. 2.1. 2.1.1. 2.1.2. 2.1.3. 2.1.4. 2.1.5. 2.1.6. 2.2. 2.3. 2.3.1. 2.3.2. 2.3.3. 2.3.4. 2.3.5. 2.3.6. 2.3.7. 2.3.8. 2.3.9. 2.3.10. 2.4. 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.4.3. 2.4.4. 2.4.4.1. 2.4.4.2. 2.4.4.3. 2.4.5. 2.4.6. 2.5. 2.5.1. 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 2.5.4. 2.6. 2.7. 2.8. 2.9. 2.9.1. 2.9.2. 2.9.3. Functional Description Analog Video Front-End Input Selector Clamping Automatic Gain Control Analog-to-Digital Converters Digitally Controlled Clock Oscillator Analog Video Output Adaptive Comb Filter Color Decoder IF-Compensation Demodulator Chrominance Filter Frequency Demodulator Burst Detection / Saturation Control Color Killer Operation Automatic standard recognition PAL Compensation/1-H Comb Filter Luminance Notch Filter Skew Filtering Component Interface Processor CIP Component Analogue Front End Matrix Component YCrCb Control Softmixer Static Switch Mode Static Mixer Mode Dynamic Mixer Mode 4:4:4 to 4:2:2 Downsampling Fast Blank and Signal Monitoring Horizontal Scaler Horizontal Lowpass-filter Horizontal Prescaler Horizontal Scaling Engine Horizontal Peaking-filter Vertical Scaler Contrast and Brightness Blackline Detector Control and Data Output Signals Line-Locked Clock Generation Sync Signals DIGIT3000 Output Format 2 Micronas ADVANCE INFORMATION VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD Contents, continued Page Section Title 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 22 24 24 25 25 28 28 28 28 28 29 2.9.4. 2.9.5. 2.9.6. 2.9.7. 2.9.8. 2.9.9. 2.10. 2.10.1. 2.11. 2.12. 2.12.1. 2.12.2. 2.12.3. 2.12.4. 2.12.5. 2.12.6. 2.12.7. 2.12.8. 2.12.9. Line-Locked 4:2:2 Output Format Line-Locked 4:1:1 Output Format ITU-R 656 Output Format Output Code Levels Output Ports Test Pattern Generator PAL+ Support Output Signals for PAL+/Color+ Support Video Sync Processing Picture in Picture (PIP) Processing and Control Configurations PIP Display Modes Predefined Inset Picture Size Acquisition and Display Window Frame and Background Color Vertical Shift of the Main Picture Free Running Display Mode Frame and Field Display Mode External Field Memory 30 30 30 49 49 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. Serial Interface I2C-Bus Interface Control and Status Registers Calculation of Vertical and East-West Deflection Coefficients Scaler Adjustment 51 51 51 54 57 58 59 59 59 60 61 61 61 61 62 63 63 64 64 66 67 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 4.6.1. 4.6.2. 4.6.3. 4.6.4. 4.6.4.1. 4.6.4.2. 4.6.4.3. 4.6.4.4. 4.6.4.5. 4.6.4.6. 4.6.4.7. 4.6.4.8. 4.6.4.9. 4.6.4.10. Specifications Outline Dimensions Pin Connections and Short Descriptions Pin Descriptions (pin numbers for PQFP80 package) Pin Configuration Pin Circuits Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions Recommended Crystal Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics, 5 MHz Clock Output Characteristics, 20 MHz Clock Input/Output, External Clock Input (XTAL1) Characteristics, Reset Input, Test Input, VGAV Input, YCOEQ Input Characteristics, Power-up Sequence Characteristics, FPDAT Input/Output Characteristics, I2C Bus Interface Characteristics, Analog Video and Component Inputs Characteristics, Analog Front-End and ADCs Characteristics, Analog FB Input Characteristics, Output Pin Specification Micronas 3 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Contents, continued Page Section Title 69 70 4.6.4.11. 4.6.4.12. Characteristics, Input Pin Specification Characteristics, Clock Output Specification 71 72 73 73 73 75 75 75 76 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.2.3.1. 5.2.3.2. 5.2.3.3. Application Circuit Application Note: VGA mode with VPC 3215C Application Note: PIP Mode Programming Procedure to Program a PIP Mode I2C Registers Programming for PIP Control Examples Select Predefined Mode 2 Select a Strobe Effect in Expert Mode Select Predefined Mode 6 for Tuner Scanning 78 6. Data Sheet History 4 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Comb Filter Video Processor 1. Introduction – display and deflection control (VPC 324xD) The VPC 323xD/324xD is a high-quality, single-chip video front-end, which is targeted for 4:3 and 16:9, 50/ 60 and 100/120 Hz TV sets. It can be combined with other members of the DIGIT3000 IC family (such as DDP 33x0A/B, TPU 3040) and/or it can be used with 3rd-party products. – peaking, contrast, brightness, color saturation and tint for RGB/ YCrCb and CVBS/S-VHS – high-quality soft mixer controlled by Fast Blank 1 - , or – PIP processing for four picture sizes ( 1--4-, --91-, ----16 normal size) with 8 bit resolution The main features of the VPC 323xD/324xD are 1 --of 36 – high-performance adaptive 4H comb filter Y/C separator with adjustable vertical peaking – 15 predefined PIP display configurations and expert mode (fully programmable) – multi-standard color decoder PAL/NTSC/SECAM including all substandards – control interface for external field memory – four CVBS, one S-VHS input, one CVBS output – one 20.25 MHz crystal, few external components – two RGB/YCrCb component inputs, one Fast Blank (FB) input – 80-pin PQFP package – integrated high-quality A/D converters and associated clamp and AGC circuits 1.1. System Architecture – I2C-Bus Interface – multi-standard sync processing Fig.1–1 shows the block diagram of the video processor – linear horizontal scaling (0.25 ... 4), as well as non-linear horizontal scaling ‘panorama vision’ – PAL+ preprocessing (VPC 323xD) – line-locked clock, data and sync, or 656-output interface (VPC 323xD) CIN VIN1 Analog Front-end Adaptive Comb Filter VIN2 Color Decoder Y NTSC PAL SECAM Cr Cb VIN3 VIN4 NTSC PAL AGC 2×ADC VOUT Saturation Tint Mixer Y 2D Scaler PIP Output Formatter Cr Panorama Mode ITU-R 656 ITU-R 601 Cb Contrast Brightness Memory Control Peaking FB RGB/ YCrCb Processing Y Analog Component U/B Cr Matrix Front-End Contrast V/R Saturation Cb Brightness 4 x ADC FB FB Tint I2C Bus Clock Gen. CrCb OUT YCOE Y/G RGB/ YCrCb Y OUT Sync + Clock Generation FIFO CNTL LL Clock H Sync V Sync AVO 20.25 MHz I2C Bus Fig. 1–1: .Block diagram of the VPC 323xD Micronas 5 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 1.2. Video Processor Family The VPC video processor family supports 15/32-kHz systems and is available with different comb filter options. The 50-Hz/single-scan versions (e. g. VPC 324xD) provide controlling for the display and the vertical/east-west deflection of DDP 3300A. The 100-Hz/double-scan versions (e. g. VPC 323xD) have a line-locked clock output interface and the PAL+ preprocessing option. Table 1–1 gives an overview of the VPC video processor family. Table 1–1: VPC Processor Family for 100 Hz, Double Scan and Line Locked Clock Application Features Typ VPC 3230D Adaptive Combfilter (PAL/ NTSC) Panorama Vision Analog Component Inputs Vertical Scaler (PIP) 4H ✓ 2 ✓ ITU-R 601, ITU-R 656 ✓ 2 ✓ ITU-R 601, ITU-R 656 ✓ ✓ ITU-R 601, ITU-R 656 ✓ ✓ ITU-R 601, ITU-R 656 VPC 3231D VPC 3232D 4H VPC 3233D Digital Output Interface VPC 3215C 4H ✓ ITU-R 601 VPC 3210A 2H ✓ ITU-R 601 ✓ ITU-R 601 VPC 3211A Table 1–2: VPC Processor Family for 50 Hz Single Scan Applications Features Typ VPC 3240D Adaptive Combfilter (PAL/ NTSC) Panorama Vision Analog Component Inputs Vertical Scaler (PIP) 4H ✓ 2 ✓ DIGIT 3000 ✓ 2 ✓ DIGIT 3000 ✓ ✓ DIGIT 3000 ✓ ✓ DIGIT 3000 VPC 3241D VPC 3242D 4H VPC 3243D VPC 3205C 4H ✓ DIGIT 3000 VPC 3200A 2H ✓ DIGIT 3000 ✓ DIGIT 3000 VPC 3201A 6 Digital Output Interface Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 1.3. VPC Applications Fig. 1–2 depicts several VPC applications. Since the VPC functions as a video front-end, it must be complemented with additional functionality to form a complete TV set. The DDP 33x0 contains the video back-end with video postprocessing (contrast, peaking, DTI,...), H/V-deflection, RGB insertion (SCART, Text, PIP,...) and tube control (cutoff, white drive, beam current limiter). It generates a beam scan velocity modulation output from the digital YCrCb and RGB signals. Note that this signal is not generated from the external analog RGB inputs. The component interface of the VPC 32xxD provides a high-quality analog RGB interface with character insertion capability. It also allows appropriate processing of external sources, such as MPEG2 set-top boxes in transparent (4:2:2) quality. Furthermore, it transforms RGB/Fast Blank signals to the common digital video bus and makes those signals available for 100-Hz upconversion or double-scan processing. In some European countries (Italy), this feature is mandatory. The IP indicates memory based image processing, such as scan rate conversion, vertical processing (Zoom), or PAL+ reconstruction. The VPC supports memory based applications through line-locked clocks, syncs and data. Additionally, the VPC323xD provides a 656-output interface and FIFO control signals. Examples: – Europe: 15 kHz/50 Hz → 32 kHz/100 Hz interlaced – US: 15 kHz/60 Hz → 32 kHz/60 Hz non-interlaced a) YCrCb/RGBFB CVBS VPC 32xxD YCrCb/RGBFB CVBS RGB VPC 32xxD YCrCb CVBS VPC 32xxD VPC 32xxD b) c) YCrCb/RGBFB CVBS FIFO DDP 3300A RGB H/V Defl. IP DDP 3310B RGB H/V Defl. IP DDP 3310B RGB H/V Defl. Fig. 1–2: VPC 32xxD applications a) 15 kHz application Europe b) double scan application (US, Japan) with YCrCb inputs c) 100 Hz application (Europe) with RGBFB inputs Micronas 7 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 2. Functional Description 2.1.3. Automatic Gain Control 2.1. Analog Video Front-End A digitally working automatic gain control adjusts the magnitude of the selected baseband by +6/–4.5 dB in 64 logarithmic steps to the optimal range of the ADC. The gain of the video input stage including the ADC is 213 steps/V with the AGC set to 0 dB. This block provides the analog interfaces to all video inputs and mainly carries out analog-to-digital conversion for the following digital video processing. A block diagram is given in Fig. 2–1. Most of the functional blocks in the front-end are digitally controlled (clamping, AGC, and clock-DCO). The control loops are closed by the Fast Processor (‘FP’) embedded in the decoder. 2.1.1. Input Selector Up to five analog inputs can be connected. Four inputs are for composite video or S-VHS luma signal. These inputs are clamped to the sync back porch and are amplified by a variable gain amplifier. One input is for connection of S-VHS carrier-chrominance signal. This input is internally biased and has a fixed gain amplifier. A second S-VHS chroma signal can be connected video-input VIN1. 2.1.4. Analog-to-Digital Converters Two ADCs are provided to digitize the input signals. Each converter runs with 20.25 MHz and has 8 bit resolution. An integrated bandgap circuit generates the required reference voltages for the converters. The two ADCs are of a 2-stage subranging type. 2.1.5. Digitally Controlled Clock Oscillator The clock generation is also a part of the analog front end. The crystal oscillator is controlled digitally by the control processor; the clock frequency can be adjusted within ±150 ppm. 2.1.6. Analog Video Output 2.1.2. Clamping The composite video input signals are AC coupled to the IC. The clamping voltage is stored on the coupling capacitors and is generated by digitally controlled current sources. The clamping level is the back porch of the video signal. S-VHS chroma is also AC coupled. The input pin is internally biased to the center of the ADC input range. Analog Video Output CVBS/Y CVBS/Y CVBS/Y/C C AGC +6/–4.5 dB VIN4 clamp VIN3 VIN2 VIN1 input mux CVBS/Y The input signal of the Luma ADC is available at the analog video output pin. The signal at this pin must be buffered by a source follower. The output voltage is 2 V, thus the signal can be used to drive a 75 Ω line. The magnitude is adjusted with an AGC in 8 steps together with the main AGC. CIN ADC digital CVBS or Luma ADC digital Chroma gain bias system clocks reference generation frequency DVCO ±150 ppm 20.25 MHz Fig. 2–1: Analog front-end 8 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.2. Adaptive Comb Filter The 4H adaptive comb filter is used for high-quality luminance/chrominance separation for PAL or NTSC composite video signals. The comb filter improves the luminance resolution (bandwidth) and reduces interferences like cross-luminance and cross-color. The adaptive algorithm eliminates most of the mentioned errors without introducing new artifacts or noise. A block diagram of the comb filter is shown in Fig. 2–2. The filter uses four line delays to process the information of three video lines. To have a fixed phase relationship of the color subcarrier in the three channels, the system clock (20.25 MHz) is fractionally locked to the color subcarrier. This allows the processing of all color standards and substandards using a single crystal frequency. The CVBS signal in the three channels is filtered at the subcarrier frequency by a set of bandpass/notch filters. The output of the three channels is used by the adaption logic to select the weighting that is used to reconstruct the luminance/chrominance signal from the 4 bandpass/notch filter signals. By using soft mixing of the 4 signals switching artifacts of the adaption algorithm are completely suppressed. The comb filter uses the middle line as reference, therefore, the comb filter delay is two lines. If the comb filter is switched off, the delay lines are used to pass the luma/chroma signals from the A/D converters to the luma/chroma outputs. Thus, the processing delay is always two lines. In order to obtain the best-suited picture quality, the user has the possibility to influence the behaviour of the adaption algorithm going from moderate combing to strong combing. Therefore, the following three parameters may be adjusted: – VDG ( vertical difference gain ) – DDR ( diagonal dot reducer ) VDG typically determines the comb filter behaviour on vertical edges. As VDG increases, the comb strength, e. g. the amount of hanging dots, decreases. After selecting the combfilter performance in horizontal and vertical direction, the diagonal picture performance may further be optimized by adjusting DDR. As DDR increases, the dot crawl on diagonal colored edges is reduced. To enhance the vertical resolution of the picture, the VPC provides a vertical peaking circuitry. The filter gain is adjustable between 0 – +6 dB and a coring filter suppresses small amplitudes to reduce noise artifacts. In relation to the comb filter, this vertical peaking widely contributes to an optimal two-dimensional resolution homogeneity. 2.3. Color Decoder In this block, the standard luma/chroma separation and multi-standard color demodulation is carried out. The color demodulation uses an asynchronous clock, thus allowing a unified architecture for all color standards. A block diagram of the color decoder is shown in Fig. 2–4. The luma as well as the chroma processing, is shown here. The color decoder also provides several special modes, e.g. wide band chroma format which is intended for S-VHS wide bandwidth chroma. Also, filter settings are available for processing a PAL+ helper signal. If the adaptive comb filter is used for luma chroma separation, the color decoder uses the S-VHS mode processing. The output of the color decoder is YCrCb in a 4:2:2 format. Bandpass Filter CVBS Input Chroma Input 2H Delay Line Bandpass/ Notch Filter 2H Delay Line Bandpass Filter Luma / Chroma Mixers Adaption Logic – HDG ( horizontal difference gain ) HDG typically defines the comb strength on horizontal edges. It determines the amount of the remaining cross-luminance and the sharpness on edges respectively. As HDG increases, the comb strength, e. g. cross luminance reduction and sharpness, increases. Luma Output Chroma Output Fig. 2–2: Block diagram of the adaptive comb filter (PAL mode) Micronas 9 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.3.1. IF-Compensation 2.3.2. Demodulator With off-air or mistuned reception, any attenuation at higher frequencies or asymmetry around the color subcarrier is compensated. Four different settings of the IF-compensation are possible (see Fig. 2–3): – 10 dB/MHz The entire signal (which might still contain luma) is quadrature-mixed to the baseband. The mixing frequency is equal to the subcarrier for PAL and NTSC, thus achieving the chroma demodulation. For SECAM, the mixing frequency is 4.286 MHz giving the quadrature baseband components of the FM modulated chroma. After the mixer, a lowpass filter selects the chroma components; a downsampling stage converts the color difference signals to a multiplexed half rate data stream. The last setting gives a very large boost to high frequencies. It is provided for SECAM signals that are decoded using a SAW filter specified originally for the PAL standard. The subcarrier frequency in the demodulator is generated by direct digital synthesis; therefore, substandards such as PAL 3.58 or NTSC 4.43 can also be demodulated. – flat (no compensation) – 6 dB/octave – 12 dB/octave 2.3.3. Chrominance Filter dB The demodulation is followed by a lowpass filter for the color difference signals for PAL/NTSC. SECAM requires a modified lowpass function with bell-filter characteristic. At the output of the lowpass filter, all luma information is eliminated. The lowpass filters are calculated in time multiplex for the two color signals. Three bandwidth settings (narrow, normal, broad) are available for each standard (see Fig. 2–5). For PAL/NTSC, a wide band chroma filter can be selected. This filter is intended for high bandwidth chroma signals, e.g. a nonstandard wide bandwidth S-VHS signal. MHz Fig. 2–3: Frequency response of chroma IF-compensation Notch Filter MUX Luma / CVBS 1 H Delay Luma Chroma CrossSwitch MUX ACC Chroma IF Compensation MIXER DC-Reject Lowpass Filter Phase/Freq Demodulator ColorPLL/ColorACC Fig. 2–4: Color decoder 10 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION color killer operation; they are used for automatic standard detection as well. dB 2.3.6. Color Killer Operation PAL/NTSC MHz dB The color killer uses the burst-phase/burst-frequency measurement to identify a PAL/NTSC or SECAM color signal. For PAL/NTSC, the color is switched off (killed) as long as the color subcarrier PLL is not locked. For SECAM, the killer is controlled by the toggle of the burst frequency. The burst amplitude measurement is used to switch-off the color if the burst amplitude is below a programmable threshold. Thus, color will be killed for very noisy signals. The color amplitude killer has a programmable hysteresis. 2.3.7. Automatic standard recognition SECAM MHz Fig. 2–5: Frequency response of chroma filters The burst-frequency measurement is also used for automatic standard recognition (together with the status of horizontal and vertical locking) thus allowing a completely independent search of the line and color standard of the input signal. The following standards can be distinguished: 2.3.4. Frequency Demodulator PAL B,G,H,I; NTSC M; SECAM; NTSC 44; PAL M; PAL N; PAL 60 The frequency demodulator for demodulating the SECAM signal is implemented as a CORDIC-structure. It calculates the phase and magnitude of the quadrature components by coordinate rotation. For a preselection of allowed standards, the recognition can be enabled/disabled via I2C bus for each standard separately. The phase output of the CORDIC processor is differentiated to obtain the demodulated frequency. After the deemphasis filter, the Dr and Db signals are scaled to standard CrCb amplitudes and fed to the crossover-switch. 2.3.5. Burst Detection / Saturation Control In the PAL/NTSC-system the burst is the reference for the color signal. The phase and magnitude outputs of the CORDIC are gated with the color key and used for controlling the phase-lock-loop (APC) of the demodulator and the automatic color control (ACC) in PAL/NTSC. The ACC has a control range of +30 ... –6 dB. If at least one standard is enabled, the VPC32xxD checks regularly the horizontal and vertical locking of the input signal and the state of the color killer. If an error exists for several adjacent fields a new standard search is started. Depending on the measured line number and burst frequency the current standard is selected. For error handling the recognition algorithm delivers the following status information: – search active (busy) – search terminated, but failed – found standard is disabled – vertical standard invalid Color saturation can be selected once for all color standards. In PAL/NTSC it is used as reference for the ACC. In SECAM the necessary gains are calculated automatically. For SECAM decoding, the frequency of the burst is measured. Thus, the current chroma carrier frequency can be identified and is used to control the SECAM processing. The burst measurements also control the Micronas 11 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.3.8. PAL Compensation/1-H Comb Filter The color decoder uses one fully integrated delay line. Only active video is stored. CVBS Y Notch filter 8 – NTSC: 1-H comb filter or color compensation – PAL: color compensation Y 8 Chroma Process. The delay line application depends on the color standard: Luma Cr C b a) conventional chroma 8 Chroma Process. Cr C b b) S-VHS CVBS Y Notch filter 8 – SECAM: crossover-switch In the NTSC compensated mode, Fig. 2–6 c), the color signal is averaged for two adjacent lines. Thus, cross-color distortion and chroma noise is reduced. In the NTSC 1-H comb filter mode, Fig. 2–6 d), the delay line is in the composite signal path, thus allowing reduction of cross-color components, as well as cross-luminance. The loss of vertical resolution in the luminance channel is compensated by adding the vertical detail signal with removed color information. If the 4H adaptive comb filter is used, the 1-H NTSC comb filter has to be deselected. Chroma Process. Cr C b 1H Delay c) compensated 8 Y Notch filter CVBS 1H Delay Cr C b Chroma Process. d) comb filter Fig. 2–6: NTSC color decoding options CVBS 8 Y Notch filter Chroma Process. 1H Delay Cr C b a) conventional Luma Y 8 Chroma 8 Chroma Process. Cr C b 1H Delay b) S-VHS Fig. 2–7: PAL color decoding options CVBS 8 Y Notch filter Chroma Process. 1H Delay MUX Cr C b Fig. 2–8: SECAM color decoding 12 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.3.9. Luminance Notch Filter 2.4. Component Interface Processor CIP If a composite video signal is applied, the color information is suppressed by a programmable notch filter. The position of the filter center frequency depends on the subcarrier frequency for PAL/NTSC. For SECAM, the notch is directly controlled by the chroma carrier frequency. This considerably reduces the cross-luminance. The frequency responses for all three systems are shown in Fig. 2–9. This block (see Fig. 2–10) contains all the necessary circuitry dedicated to external analogue components (YCrCb_cip) such as RGB or YCrCb signals from DVD players, or other RGB sources with Fast Blank for real time insertion on the main picture (YCrCb_main). 10 2.4.1. Component Analogue Front End VPC 32xxD provides two analogue RGB/YCrCb input ports, one with Fast Blank capability and one without. dB 0 It is strongly recommended to use analogue 5 MHz anti-alias low-pass filters on each input, including FB. While all signals need to be capacitively coupled by 220 nF clamping capacitors, the Fast Blank input requires DC coupling. –10 –20 –30 –40 0 2 4 6 8 10 MHz PAL/NTSC notch filter 10 The selected signal channel is further converted into a digital form by 3 high quality ADCs running at 20.25 MHz with a resolution of 8 bits. The FB input is digitized with a resolution of 6 bits. Note: The VPC32xxD system synchronization always occurs through the main CVBS/Y ADC input. In any component mode, this input must therefore be handled accordingly. dB 0 –10 2.4.2. Matrix –20 The RGB signals are converted to the YCrCb format by a matrix operation: –30 –40 0 2 4 6 8 10 MHz SECAM notch filter Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B (R−Y)= 0.701R − 0.587G − 0.114B (B−Y)=−0.299R − 0.587G + 0.886B Fig. 2–9: Frequency responses of the luma notch filter for PAL, NTSC, SECAM In case of YCrCb input the matrix is bypassed. 2.3.10. Skew Filtering 2.4.3. Component YCrCb Control The system clock is free-running and not locked to the TV line frequency. Therefore, the ADC sampling pattern is not orthogonal. The decoded YCrCb signals are converted to an orthogonal sampling raster by the skew filters, which are part of the scaler block. To guarantee optimum mixing results, various I2C programmable parameters are provided: The skew filters are controlled by a skew parameter and allow the application of a group delay to the input signals without introducing waveform or frequency response distortion. – 0 ≤ contrast ≤63/32 – −128 ≤ brightness ≤ 127 – 0 ≤ saturation Cr ≤ 63/32 – 0 ≤ saturation Cb ≤ 63/32 – −20 ≤ tint ≤ 20 degrees The amount of phase shift of this filter is controlled by the horizontal PLL1. The accuracy of the filters is 1/32 clocks for luminance and 1/4 clocks for chroma. Thus the 4:2:2 YCrCb data is in an orthogonal pixel format even in the case of nonstandard input signals such as VCR. Micronas 13 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–1 gives the picture settings achieving exact level matching between the YCrCb_cip and YCrCb_main channel. The factor k is clamped to 0 or 64, hence selecting YCrCb_main or the component input YCrCb_cip. (see Table 2–2) Table 2–1: Standard picture settings 2.4.4.2. Static Mixer Mode input format contrast brightness satCr satCb RGB 27 68 29 23 YCrCb 27 68 40 40 The signal YCrCb_main and the component signal YCrCb_cip may also be statically mixed. In this environment, k is manually controlled via I2C registers FBGAIN and FBOFFS according to the following expression: k = FBGAIN*(31−FBOFFS) + 32 Note: R, G, B, Cr, Cb, = 0.7 Vpp, Y(+ sync) 1 Vpp 2.4.4. Softmixer All the necessary limitation and rounding operation are built-in to fit the range: 0 ≤ k ≤ 64. After an automatic delay matching, the component signals and the upsampled main video signal are gathered onto a unique YCrCb channel by means of a versatile 4:4:4 softmixer (see also Fig. 2–10). In the static mixer mode as well as in the previously mentioned static switch mode (see Table 2–2), the softmixer operates independently of the analogue Fast Blank input. The softmixer circuit consists of a Fast Blank (FB) processing block supplying a mixing factor k (0...64) to a high quality signal mixer achieving the output function: 2.4.4.3. Dynamic Mixer Mode YCrCb_mix=( k*YCrCb_main+ (64-k)*YCrCb_cip )/64 In the dynamic mixer mode, the mixer is controlled by the Fast Blank signal. The VPC32xxD provides a linear mixing coefficient The softmixer supports several basic modes that are selected via I2C bus (see Table 2–2). k=kl = FBGAIN*(FB−FBOFFS) + 32 (FB is the digitized Fast Blank), and a non-linear mixing coefficient knl=F(kl), which results from a further non-linear processing of kl. 2.4.4.1. Static Switch Mode In its simplest and most common application the softmixer is used as a static switch between YCrCb_main and YCrCb_cip. This is for instance the adequate way to handle a DVD component signal. While the linear mixing coefficient is used to insert a fullscreen video signal, the non-linear coefficient is well-suited to insert Fast Blank related signals like text. The non-linear mixing reduces disturbing effects like over/undershoots at critical Fast Blank edges. mixer YCrCb_main VIDEO Y/C processing YCrCb_mix YCrCb_cip RGB/YCrCb Component Processing Fig. 2–10: Block diagram of the component mixer 14 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–2: CIP softmixer modes I2C SELLIN RGB DLY analog fast blank input FBCLP FB MODE CIP mode 0 x reading I2C register <27> <27>FBLSTAT 0 1 1 0 0 <27>FBLRISE 0 1 0 0 0 <27>FBLFALL 0 0 0 1 0 <27>FBLHIGH 0 1 1 1 0 Force YCrCb main 0 11 Force RGB/ YCrCb 0 0 x x0 Static Mixer 0 0 1 01 An additional monitoring bit is also provided for the RGB/YCrCb signal; it indicates whether the ADCs inputs are clipped or not. In case of clipping conditions (1Vpp RGB input for example) the ADC range can be extended by 3db by using the XAR bit. FB Linear 0 0 0 01 – CLIPD: set by RGB/YCrCb input clip, reset by register read FB nonLinear 1 1 0 01 2.5. Horizontal Scaler Fig. 2–11: Fast Blank Monitor 2.4.5. 4:4:4 to 4:2:2 Downsampling After the mixer, the 4:4:4 YCrCb_mix data stream is downsampled to the 4:2:2 format. For this sake, a chroma lowpass filter is provided to eliminate high-frequency components above 5-6 Mhz which may typically be present on inserted high resolution RGB/ YCrCb sources. In case of main video processing (loopthrough) only, it is recommended to bypass this filter by using the I2C bit CIPCFBY. The 4:2:2 YCrCb signal from the mixer output is processed by the horizontal scaler. It contains a lowpassfilter, a prescaler, a scaling engine and a peaking filter. The scaler block allows a linear or nonlinear horizontal scaling of the input signal in the range of 1/32 to 4. Nonlinear scaling, also called “panorama vision”, provides a geometrical distortion of the input picture. It is used to fit a picture with 4:3 format on a 16:9 screen by stretching the picture geometry at the borders. Also, the inverse effect - called water glass - can be produced by the scaler. A summary of scaler modes is given in Table 2–3. 2.5.1. Horizontal Lowpass-filter 2.4.6. Fast Blank and Signal Monitoring The analogue Fast Blank state is monitored by means of four I2C readable bits. These bits may be used by the TV controller for SCART signal ident: The luma filter block applies anti-aliasing lowpass filters. The cutoff frequencies are selectable and have to be adapted to the horizontal scaling ratio. – FBHIGH: set by FB high, reset by register read at FB low – FBSTAT: FB status at register read – FBRISE: set by FB rising edge, reset by register read – FBFALL: set by FB falling edge, reset by register read Micronas 15 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION dB Table 2–3: Scaler modes 10 0 Mode -10 -20 Scale Factor Compression 4:3 → 16:9 0.75 linear 4:3 source displayed on a 16:9 tube, with side panels Panorama 4:3 →16:9 nonlinear compr 4:3 source displayed on a 16:9 tube, Borders distorted Zoom 4:3 → 4:3 1.33 linear Letterbox source (PAL+) displayed on a 4:3 tube, vertical overscan with cropping of side panels Water glass 16:9 → 4:3 nonlinear zoom Letterbox source (PAL+) displayed on a 4:3 tube, vertical overscan, borders distorted, no cropping 20.25 → 13.5 MHz 0.66 sample rate conversion to line-locked clock -30 -40 -50 2 4 6 8 Description 10 MHz dB 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 1 2 3 4 5 MHz Fig. 2–12: YCrCb downsampling lowpass-filter 2.5.2. Horizontal Prescaler To achieve a horizontal compression ratio between 1/4 and 1/32 (e. g. for double window or PIP operation) a linear downsampler resamples the input signal by 1 (no presampling), 2, 4 and 8. 2.5.4. Horizontal Peaking-filter The horizontal scaler block offers an extra peaking filter for sharpness control. The center frequency of the peaking filter automatically adopts to the horizontal scaling ratio. Three center frequencies are selectable (see Fig. 2–13: ) – center at sampling rate / 2 – center at sampling rate / 4 – center at sampling rate / 6 2.5.3. Horizontal Scaling Engine The scaler contains a programmable decimation filter, a 1-H FIFO memory, and a programmable interpolation filter. The scaler input filter is also used for pixel skew correction, see 2.3.10. The decimator/interpolator structure allows optimal use of the FIFO memory. It allows a linear or nonlinear horizontal scaling of the input video signal in the range of 0.25 to 4. The controlling of the scaler is done by the internal Fast Processor. 16 The filter gain is adjustable between 0 – +10 dB and a coring filter suppresses small amplitudes to reduce noise artifacts. Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION amplitude, the external controller reads this register, calculates the vertical scaling coefficient and transfers the new settings, e.g. vertical sawtooth parameters, horizontal scaling coefficient etc., to the VPC. dB 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 2 4 6 8 10 Letterbox signals containing logos on the left or right side of the black areas are processed as black lines, while subtitles, inserted in the black areas, are processed as non-black lines. Therefore the subtitles are visible on the screen. To suppress the subtitles, the vertical zoom coefficient is calculated by selecting the larger number of black lines only. Dark video scenes with a low contrast level compared to the letterbox area are indicated by the BLKPIC bit. MHz Fig. 2–13: Peaking characteristics 2.6. Vertical Scaler For PIP operation, the vertical scaler compresses the incoming 4:2:2 YCrCb active video signal in vertical direction. It supports a vertical compression ratio of 1(= no compression), 2, 3, 4 and 6. In case of a vertical compression of 2, 4 and 6, the filter performs the PAL compensation automatically and the standard PAL delay line should be bypassed (see 2.3.8.). 2.7. Contrast and Brightness The VPC32xxD provides a selectable contrast and brightness adjustment for the luma samples. The control ranges are: – 0 ≤contrast ≤63/32 – −128 ≤ brightness ≤ 127 Note: for ITU-R luma output code levels (16 ... 240), contrast has to be set to 48 and brightness has to be set to 16! 2.8. Blackline Detector In case of a letterbox format input video, e.g. Cinemascope, PAL+ etc., black areas at the upper and lower part of the picture are visible. It is suitable to remove or reduce these areas by a vertical zoom and/or shift operation. The VPC 32xx supports this feature by a letterbox detector. The circuitry detects black video lines by measuring the signal amplitude during active video. For every field the number of black lines at the upper and lower part of the picture are measured, compared to the previous measurement and the minima are stored in the I2C-register BLKLIN. To adjust the picture Micronas 2.9. Control and Data Output Signals The VPC 32xx supports two output modes: In DIGIT3000 mode, the output interfaces run at the main system clock, in line-locked mode, the VPC generates an asynchronous line-locked clock that is used for the output interfaces. The VPC delivers either a YCrCb 4:2:2 or a YCrCb 4:1:1 data stream, each with separate sync information. In case of YCrCb 4:2:2 format, the VPC32xxD also provides an interface with embedded syncs according to ITU-R656. 2.9.1. Line-Locked Clock Generation An on-chip rate multiplier is used to synthesize any desired output clock frequency of 13.5/16/18 MHz. A double clock frequency output is available to support 100 Hz systems. The synthesizer is controlled by the embedded RISC controller, which also controls all front-end loops (clamp, AGC, PLL1, etc.). This allows the generation of a line-locked output clock regardless of the system clock (20.25 MHz) which is used for comb filter operation and color decoding. The control of scaling and output clock frequency is kept independent to allow aspect ratio conversion combined with sample rate conversion. The line-locked clock circuity generates control signals, e.g. horizontal/vertical sync, active video output, it is also the interface from the internal (20.25 MHz) clock to the external line-locked clock system. If a line-locked clock is not required, i.e. in the DIGIT3000 mode, the system runs at the 20.25 MHz main clock. The horizontal timing reference in this mode is provided by the front-sync signal. In this case, the line-locked clock block and all interfaces run from the 20.25 MHz main clock. The synchronization signals from the line-locked clock block are still available, but for every line the internal counters are reset with the main-sync signal. A double clock signal is not available in DIGIT3000 mode. 17 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.9.2. Sync Signals 2.9.5. Line-Locked 4:1:1 Output Format The front end will provide a number of sync/control signals which are output with the output clock. The sync signals are generated in the line-locked clock block. The orthogonal 4:1:1 output format is compatible to the industry standard. The YCrCb samples are skew-corrected and interpolated to an orthogonal sampling raster (see Table 2–5). – Href: horizontal sync – AVO: active video out (programmable) – HC: horizontal clamp (programmable) – Vref: vertical sync – INTLC: interlace Table 2–5: 4:1:1 Orthogonal output format Luma Chroma Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 C3 , C7 Cb17 Cb15 Cb13 Cb11 All horizontal signals are not qualified with field information, i.e. the signals are present on all lines. The horizontal timing is shown in Fig. 2–16. Details of the horizontal/vertical timing are given in Fig. 2–20. C2 , C6 Cb16 Cb14 Cb12 Cb10 C1 , C5 Cr17 Cr15 Cr13 Cr11 C0 , C4 Cr16 Cr14 Cr12 Cr10 Note: In the ITU-R656 compliant output format, the sync information is embedded in the data stream. note: C*xY (x = pixel number and y = bit number) 2.9.6. ITU-R 656 Output Format 2.9.3. DIGIT3000 Output Format The picture bus format between all DIGIT3000 ICs is 4:2:2 YCrCb with 20.25 MHz samples/s. Only active video is transferred, synchronized by the system main sync signal (MSY) which indicates the start of valid data for each scan line and which initializes the color multiplex. The video data is orthogonally sampled YCrCb, the output format is given in Table 2–4. The number of active samples per line is 1080 for all standards (525 and 625). The output can be switched to 4:1:1 mode with the output format according to Table 2–5. Via the MSY line, serial data is transferred which contains information about the main picture such as current line number, odd/even field etc.). It is generated by the deflection circuitry and represents the orthogonal timebase for the entire system. Table 2–4: Orthogonal 4:2:2 output format Luma Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Chroma Cb1 Cr1 Cb3 Cr3 2.9.4. Line-Locked 4:2:2 Output Format This interface uses a YCrCb 4:2:2 data stream at a line-locked clock of 13.5 MHz. Luminance and chrominance information is multiplexed to 27 MHz in the following order: Cb1, Y1, Cr1, Y2, ... Timing reference codes are inserted into the data stream at the beginning and the end of each video line: – a ‘Start of active video’-Header (SAV) is inserted before the first active video sample – a ‘End of active video’-code (EAV) is inserted after the last active video sample. The incoming videostream is limited to a range of 1...254 since the data words 0 and 255 are used for identification of the reference headers. Both headers contain information about the field type and field blanking. The data words occurring during the horizontal blanking interval between EAV and SAV are filled with 0x10 for luminance and 0x80 for chrominance information. Table 2–6 shows the format of the SAV and EAV header. For activation of this output format, the following selections must be assured: – 13.5 MHz line locked clock – double-clock mode enabled In line-locked mode, the VPC 32xx will produce the industry standard pixel stream for YCrCb data. The difference to DIGIT3000 native mode is only the number of active samples, which of course, depends on the chosen scaling factor. Thus, Table 2–4 is valid for both 4:2:2 modes. 18 – ITU-R656-mode enabled – binary offset for Cr/Cb data Note that the following changes and extensions to the ITU-R656 standard have been included to support horizontal and vertical scaling: Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION – Both the length and the number of active video lines varies with the selected window parameters. For compliance with the ITU-R656 recommendation, a size of 720 samples per line must be selected for each window. Table 2–6: Coding of the SAV/EAV-header Bit No. Word – During blanked video lines SAV/EAV headers are suppressed in pairs. To assure vertical sync detection the V-flag in the EAV header of the last active video line is set to 1. Additionally, during field blanking all SAV/EAV headers (with the V-flag set to 1) are inserted. MSB LSB 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 First 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Second 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Third 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fourth T F V H P3 P2 P1 P0 F = 0 during field 1, F = 1 during field 2 V = 0 during active lines V = 1 during vertical field blanking H = 0 in SAV, H = 1 in EAV T = 1 (video task only) The bits P0, P1, P2, and P3 are Hamming-coded protection bits. dependent on window size CB Y CR Y ... constant during horizontal blanking Y=10hex; CR=CB=80hex SAV EAV EAV SAV 1728 samples Digital Video Output CB Y CR Y ... SAV: ”start of active video” header EAV: ”end of active video” header AVO Fig. 2–14: Output of video data with embedded reference headers (@27 MHz) Y DATA 80h 10h SAV1 SAV2 SAV3 SAV4 CB1 Y1 CR1 Y2 CBn-1 Yn-1 CRn-1 Yn EAV1 EAV2 EAV3 EAV4 80h 10h AVO LLC1 LLC2 Fig. 2–15: Detailed data output (double-clock on) Micronas 19 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–7: Output signals corresponding to the different formats Format dblclk enable656 HSync VSync AVO Y-Data C-Data 16 bit YCrCb422 0 0 PAL/NTSC PAL/NTSC marks active pixels 4:2:2 4:2:2 8 bit YCrCb422 1 0 PAL/NTSC PAL/NTSC marks active pixels 4:2:2 tristated ITU-R 656 1 1 not used not used not used ITU-R 656 tristated The multiplex of luminance and chrominance information and the embedding of 656-headers can be enabled independently. An overview of the resulting output formats and the corresponding signals is given in Table 2–7. 2.10. PAL+ Support For PAL+, the VPC 323xD provides basic helper preprocessing: – A/D conversion (shared with the existing ADCs) – mixing with subcarrier frequency 2.9.7. Output Code Levels Output Code Levels correspond to ITU-R code levels: Y = 16...240 Black Level = 16 CrCb = 128±112 An overview over the output code levels is given in Table 2–8. 2.9.8. Output Ports All data and sync pins operate at TTL compliant levels and can be tristated via I2C registers. Additionally, the data outputs can be tristated via the YCOE output enable pin immediately. This function allows the digital insertion of a 2nd digital video source (e. g. MPEG aso.). To minimize crosstalk data and clock pins automatically adopt the output driver strength depending on their specific external load (max. 50pF). Sync and Fifo control pins have to be adjusted manually via an I2C register. 2.9.9. Test Pattern Generator The YCrCb outputs can be switched to a test mode where YCrCb data are generated digitally in the VPC32xx. Test patterns include luma/chroma ramps, flat field and a pseudo color bar. 20 – lowpass filter 2.5 MHz – gain control by chroma ACC – delay compensation to composite video path – output at the luma output port Helper signals are processed like the main video luma signals, i.e. they are subject to scaling, sample rate conversion and orthogonalization if activated. The adaptive comb filter processing is switched off for the helper lines. It is expected that further helper processing (e.g. nonlinear expansion, matched filter) is performed outside the VPC. 2.10.1. Output Signals for PAL+/Color+ Support For a PAL+/Color+ signal, the 625 line PAL image contains a 16/9 core picture of 431 lines which is in standard PAL format. The upper and lower 72 lines contain the PAL+ helper signal, and line 23 contains signalling information for the PAL+ transmission. For PAL+ mode, the Y signal of the core picture, which is during lines 60–274 and 372–586, is replaced by the orthogonal composite video input signal. In order to fit the signal to the 8-bit port width, the ADC signal amplitudes are used. During the helper window, which is in lines 24–59, 275–310, 336–371, 587–622, the demodulated helper is signal processed by the horizontal scaler and the output circuitry. It is available at the luma output port. The processing in the helper reference lines 23 and 623 is different for the wide screen signaling part and the black reference and helper burst signals. The code levels are given in detail in Table 2–8, the output signal for the helper reference line is shown in Fig. 2–17. Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–8: Output signal code levels for a PAL/PAL+ signal Output Signal Luma Outputs Y[7:0] Output Format Standard YCrCb (100% Chroma) binary CVBS, CrCb Black/Zero Level 16 binary Chroma Outputs C[7:0] Amplitude 224 64 149 (luma) Output Format Amplitude offset binary 128±112 signed ±112 offset binary 128±112 signed ±112 Demodulated Helper signed 0 ±109 – – Helper WSS binary 68 149 (WSS:106) – – Helper black level, Ref. Burst offset binary 128 19 (128–109) – – horizontal pixel counter 0 line length (programmable) horizontal sync (HS) 1 31 horizontal clamp (HC) start / stop programmable newline (internal signal) start of video output (programmable) active video out (AVO) start / stop programmable vertical sync (VS), field 1 field 1 16 vertical sync (VS), field 2 field 2 line length/2 Fig. 2–16: Horizontal timing for line-locked mode 255 255 black level WSS SIgnal 174 Helper Burst (demodulated) 128 68 19 0 binary format signed format Fig. 2–17: PAL+ helper reference line output signal Micronas 21 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.11. Video Sync Processing For vertical sync separation, the sliced video signal is integrated. The FP uses the integrator value to derive vertical sync and field information. Fig. 2–18 shows a block diagram of the front-end sync processing. To extract the sync information from the video signal, a linear phase lowpass filter eliminates all noise and video contents above 1 MHz. The sync is separated by a slicer; the sync phase is measured. A variable window can be selected to improve the noise immunity of the slicer. The phase comparator measures the falling edge of sync, as well as the integrated sync pulse. The information extracted by the video sync processing is multiplexed onto the hardware front sync signal (FSY) and is distributed to the rest of the video processing system. The format of the front sync signal is given in Fig. 2–19. The data for the vertical deflection, the sawtooth, and the East-West correction signal is calculated by the VPC 32xx. The data is buffered in a FIFO and transferred to the back-end IC DDP 3300A by a single wire interface. The sync phase error is filtered by a phase-locked loop that is computed by the FP. All timing in the front-end is derived from a counter that is part of this PLL, and it thus counts synchronously to the video signal. Frequency and phase characteristics of the analog video signal are derived from PLL1. The results are fed to the scaler unit for data interpolation and orthogonalization and to the clock synthesizer for line-locked clock generation. Horizontal and vertical syncs are latched with the line-locked clock. A separate hardware block measures the signal back porch and also allows gathering the maximum/minimum of the video signal. This information is processed by the FP and used for gain control and clamping. PLL1 lowpass 1 MHz & syncslicer horizontal sync separation phase comparator & lowpass counter front sync generator frontend timing clock synthesizer syncs front sync skew vblank field video input clock H/V syncs clamp & signal meas. clamping, colorkey, FIFO_write vertical sync separation Sawtooth Parabola Calculation FIFO vertical E/W sawtooth vertical serial data Fig. 2–18: Sync separation block diagram F1 input analog video FSY skew LSB F0 reserved (not in scale) F0 skew not MSB used F V V: vertical sync 0 = off Parity 1 = on F: field # 0 = field 1 1 = field 2 F1 Fig. 2–19: Front sync format 22 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION field 1 CCIR 623 624 625 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 23 24 335 336 Front-Sync (FSY) Vertical Sync (VS) Interlace (INTLC) > 1clk field 2 CCIR 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 Vertical Sync (VS) Interlace (INTLC) >1 clk Active Video Output (AVO) helper ref line 23, 623 (internal signal) signal matches output video The following signals are identical for field1 / field2 helper lines 23–59, 275–310, 336–371, 587–623 (internal signal), signal matches output video Fig. 2–20: Vertical timing of VPC 32xxD shown in reference to input video. Video output signals are delayed by 3-h for comb filter version (VPC 32xxD). Micronas 23 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION live. These configurations are suitable for features such as turner scan, still picture, still in picture and simple scan rate conversion. 2.12. Picture in Picture (PIP) Processing and Control 2.12.1. Configurations Fig. 2–22 shows an enhanced configuration with two VPC 32xxD’s. In this case, one live and several still pictures are inserted into the main live video signal. The VPCpip processes the inset picture and writes the original or decimated picture into the field memory. The VPCmain delivers the main picture, combines it with the inset picture(s) from the field memory and stores the combined video signal into a second field memory for the SRC. To support PIP and/or scan rate conversion (SRC) applications, the VPC32xxD provides several control signals for an external field memory IC. Fig. 2–21 demonstrates two applications with a single VPC 32xxD. In these cases the VPCsingle writes the main picture or one of several inset picture(s) into the field memory. Only one of these pictures is displayed YCrCb/RGB CVBS YCrCb VPC 32XXD (single) YCrCb/RGB LLC1, RSTWR, WE, IE VPC 32XXD CVBS YCrCb field memory (single) RGB DDP 3310B H/V Def. LLC2, FIFORRD, FIFORD YCrCb YCrCb field memory LLC1, RSTWR, WE, IE LLC1, RSTWR, RE Fig. 2–21: Typical configurations with single VPC 32xxD YCrCb/RGB CVBS VPC 32XXD (pip) (for PIP) YCrCb/RGB CVBS VPC 32XXD YCrCb LLC1, RSTWR, WE, IE field memory YCrCb (for PIP) LLC1, RSTWR, RE, OE YCrCb (main) (for main picture) field memory LLC1, RSTWR, WE, IE (for SRC) YCrCb LLC2, FIFORRD, FIFORD DDP 3310B RGB H/V Def. Fig. 2–22: Enhanced configuration with two VPC 32xxD 24 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION In addition an expert mode is available for advanced PIP applications. In this case the inset picture size, as well as the PIP window arrangements are fully programmable. A summary of VPC modes is given in Table 2–9. Table 2–9: VPC 32xxD modes for PIP applications Working mode pip Function Examples for the PIP mode programming are given in 5.2. - decimate the video signal for the inset pictures - write the inset pictures into the field memory - write the frame and background into the field memory main 2.12.3. Predefined Inset Picture Size The predefined PIP display modes are based on four fixed inset picture sizes (see Table 2–10). The corresponding picture resizing is achieved by the integrated horizontal and vertical scaler of VPC 32xxD, which must be programmed accordingly (see Table 2–11). - deliver the video signal for the main picture - read the inset pictures from the field memory and insert them into the main picture - write the resulting video signal into the field memory for the scan rate conversion (SRC) single The inset pictures are displayed with or without a frame controlled by I2C. The fixed frame width is 4 pixels and 4 lines.. Table 2–10: Inset picture size (without frame) in the predefined PIP modes - decimate the video signal for the main or the inset picture(s) - write the inset pictures into the field memory - write the frame and background into the field memory - write the main picture part outside the inset pictures into the field memory - read the field memory (optional) size horizontal [pixel/line] vertical [line/field] 4:3 screen 16:9 screen 625 line 525 line 13.5 MHz 16 MHz 13.5 MHz 16 MHz 1/2 332 392 248 292 132 110 1/3 220 260 164 196 88 74 2.12.2. PIP Display Modes 1/4 164 196 124 148 66 55 To minimize the programming effort, 15 predefined PIP modes are already implemented, including double windows, single and multi-PIP (Fig. 2–23 and 2–24). 1/6 112 132 84 96 44 37 Table 2–11: Scaler Settings for predefined PIP modes at 13.5 MHz PIP size scinc1 FP h’43 fflim FP h’42 sc-pip FP h’41 sc_bri2) FP h’52 newlin1) I2C h’22 avstrt1) I2C h’28 avstop I2C h’29 full h’600 h’2d0 h’00 h’010 h’86 h’86 h’356 1/2 h’600 h’168 h’11 h’110 h’194 h’86 h’356 1/3 h’480 h’f0 h’16 h’210 h’194 h’86 h’356 1/4 h’600 h’b4 h’1a h’210 h’194 h’86 h’356 1/6 h’480 h’78 h’1f h’310 h’194 h’86 h’356 dou. win h’acd h’190 h’00 h’010 h’86 h’86 h’356 Notes: Micronas 1) must be > 47, if FIFOTYPE=0 or 1 2) BR=16 in register sc_bri 3) MSB of SC_MODE updates all scaler register 25 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION P1 Mode 0 P2 Mode 1 P1 P2 P3 P4 PIP Mode 2, 3, 4, 5 Mode 6 P1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 Mode 7 Mode 9 Mode 8 P1 P2 P1 P2 P3 P3 P4 P4 P5 P6 P4 P6 P7 P8 P9 Mode 10 (4:3) Fig. 2–23: Predefined PIP Modes 26 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 Mode 10 (16:9) P1 P2 P3 Mode 11 (4:3) P1 P2 P3 P9 P10 P8 P4 P4 Mode 12 Mode 11 (16:9) P1 P1 P2 P2 Mode 13 P3 Mode 14 Fig. 2–24: Predefined PIP Modes (continued) Micronas 27 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.12.4. Acquisition and Display Window 2.12.5. Frame and Background Color The acquisition window defines the picture area of the input active video to be displayed as a inset picture on the screen. Two programmable frame colors COLFR1 and COLFR2 are available to high-light a particular inset picture. The display window defines the display position of the inset picture(s) on the screen. Instead of displaying the main picture it is possible to fill the background with a programmable color COLBGD (set SHOWBGD=1 in the register PIPMODE), e. g. for multi PIP displays on the full screen (see mode 6 and 10). The acquisition and display windows are controlled by I2C parameters HSTR, VSTR, NPIX and NLIN (see Fig. 2–25 and 2–26). They indicate the coordinate of the upper-left corner and the horizontal and vertical size of the active video area. In VPCpip or VPCsingle mode, these four parameters define the acquisition window in the decimated pixel grid, while in VPCmain mode they define the display window. COLFR1, COLFR2 and COLBGD are 16 bits wide each. Therefore 65536 colors are programmable. 2.12.6. Vertical Shift of the Main Picture The VPCmain mode supports vertical up-shifting of the main picture (e. g. letterbox format) to enable bottom insets (see mode 11). The vertical shift is programmable by VOFFSET. HSTR VSTR NLIN 2.12.7. Free Running Display Mode Acquisition Window In this mode a free running sync raster is generated to guarantee a stable display in critical cases like tuner scan. Therefore the LLC should be disabled (see Table 2–12). NPIX 2.12.8. Frame and Field Display Mode Active Video Fig. 2–25: Definition of the acquisition window HSTR In frame display mode, every field is written into the field memory. In the field display mode every second field is written into the field memory. This configuration is suitable for multi picture insets and freeze mode, since it avoids motion artifacts. On the other hand, the frame display mode guarantees maximum vertical and temporal resolution for animated insets. In the predefined mode the setting of frame/field mode is done automatically to achieve the best performance. NLIN VSTR Display Window NPIX Active Video Fig. 2–26: Definition of the display window 28 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–12: Settings for Free-Running Mode Control bit Function VPCsingle VPCpip write PIP write main pic. VPCmain predef. all other mode 6, 10 modes bit[11] of LLC_CLKC (FP h’6a) enable/disable LLC PLL 1 0 0 1 0 bit[15] of AVO START (I2C h’28) enable/disable freerunning sync mode 1 0 0 1 0 2.12.9. External Field Memory The requirements of the external field memory are: – FIFO type access with reset As serial write and serial read clock (SWCK and SRCK, respectively) of the field memory the line locked clocks LLC1 and/or LLC2 are used. – write mask function: The increasing of the write address pointer and the over writing of the data should be controlled separately. – output disable function: tri-statetable outputs For PIP applications, VPC 32xxD supports 4:1:1 or 4:2:2 chrominance format. Table 2–13 shows the typical memory size for a 13.5 and 16 MHz system clock application. Table 2–13: Word length and minimum size of the field memory Chrominance format Word length [bit] Memory size [word] [bit] 4:1:1 12 245376 2944512 4:2:2 16 245376 3926016 The following 5 signals are generated by VPC 32xxD to control the external field memory: RSTWR (reset write/read) resets the internal write/ read address pointer to zero. WE (write enable) is used to enable or disable incrementing of the internal write address pointer. IE (input enable) is used to enable writing data from the field memory input pins into the memory core, or to disable writing and thereby preserving the previous content of the memory (write mask function). RE (read enable) is used to enable or disable incrementing the internal read address pointer. OE (output enable) is used to enable or disable data output to the output pins. Micronas 29 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION The registers of the VPC have 8 or 16-bit data size; 16-bit registers are accessed by reading/writing two 8-bit data words. 3. Serial Interface 3.1. I2C-Bus Interface Communication between the VPC and the external controller is done via I2C-bus. The VPC has an I2C-bus slave interface and uses I2C clock synchronization to slow down the interface if required. The I2C-bus interface uses one level of subaddress: one I2C-bus address is used to address the IC and a subaddress selects one of the internal registers. For multi VPC32xxD applications the following three I2C-bus chip addresses are selectable via I2CSEL pin: A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 R/W I2CSEL 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1/0 VSUP 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1/0 VRT 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1/0 GND Figure 3–1 shows I2C-bus protocols for read and write operations of the interface; the read operation requires an extra start condition and repetition of the chip address with read command set. 3.2. Control and Status Registers Table 3–1 gives definitions of the VPC control and status registers. The number of bits indicated for each register in the table is the number of bits implemented in hardware, i.e. a 9-bit register must always be accessed using two data bytes but the 7 MSB will be ‘don’t care’ on write operations and ‘0’ on read operations. Write registers that can be read back are indicated in Table 3–1. Functions implemented by software in the on-chip control microprocessor (FP) are explained in Table 3–1. S 1000 111 W Ack FPWR Ack send FP-addressbyte high Ack send FP-addressbyte low Ack P S 1000 111 W Ack FPDAT Ack send databyte high Ack send databyte low Ack P S 1000 111 W Ack FPRD Ack send FP-addressbyte high Ack send FP-addressbyte low Ack P S 1000 111 W Ack FPDAT Ack S 1000 111 S 1000 111 W Ack 0111 1100 Ack 1 or 2 byte Data S 1000 111 W Ack 0111 1100 Ack S 1000 111 R Ack receive databyte high receive databyte low S Ack Nak P I2C write access subaddress 7c I2C read access subaddress 7c R Ack high byte Data Ack 1 0 SCL I2C read access to FP P low byte Data SDA I2C write access to FP P W R Ack Nak S P Nak P = = = = = = 0 1 0 1 Start Stop Fig. 3–1: I2C-bus protocols 30 Micronas ADVANCE INFORMATION VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD A hardware reset initializes all control registers to 0. The automatic chip initialization loads a selected set of registers with the default values given in Table 3–1. The register modes given in Table 3–1 are – w: write only register – w/r: write/read data register – r: read data from VPC – v: register is latched with vertical sync The mnemonics used in the Intermetall VPC demo software are given in the last column. Micronas 31 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 3–1: Control and status registers I2C Subaddress Number of bits Mode Function Default Name FP Interface h’35 8 r FP status bit [0] bit [1] bit [2] write request read request busy – FPSTA h’36 16 w bit[8:0] bit[11:9] 9-bit FP read address reserved, set to zero – FPRD h’37 16 w bit[8:0] bit[11:9] 9-bit FP write address reserved, set to zero – FPWR h’38 16 w/r bit[11:0] FP data register, reading/writing to this register will autoincrement the FP read/ write address. Only 16 bit of data are transferred per I2C telegram. – FPDAT – BLKLIN Black Line Detector h’12 16 w/r read only register, do not write to this register! After reading, LOWLIN and UPLIN are reset to 127 to start a new measurement. bit[6:0] number of lower black lines bit[7] always 0 bit[14:8] number of upper black lines bit[15] 0/1 normal/black picture LOWLIN UPLIN BLKPIC Pin Circuits h’1F h’20 32 16 8 w/r w/r SYNC PIN CONTROL: bit[2:0] 0..7 reserved (set to 0) bit[3] 0/1 pushpull/tristate for AVO Pin bit[4] 0/1 pushpull/tristate for other video SYNC Pins bit[5] 0 reserved (set to zero) CLOCK/FIFO PIN CONTROL: bit[6] 0/1 pushpull/tristate for LLC1 bit[7] 0/1 pushpull/tristate for LLC2 bit[8] 0 reserved (set ot 0) bit[9] 0/1 pushpull/tristate for FIFO control pins LUMA/CHROMA DATA PIN (LB[7:0], CB[7:0]) CONTROL: bit[10] 0/1 tristate/pushpull for Chroma Data pins bit[11] 0/1 tristate/pushpull for Luma Data pins bit[15:12] reserved (set to 0) SYNC GENERATOR CONTROL: bit[1:0] 00 AVO and active Y/C data at same time 01 AVO precedes Y/C data one clock cycle 10 AVO precedes Y/C data two clock cycles 11 AVO precedes Y/C data three clock cycles bit[2] 0/1 positive/negative polarity for HS signal bit[3] 0/1 positive/negative polarity for HC signal bit[4] 0/1 positive/negative polarity for AVO signal bit[5] 0/1 positive/negative polarity for VS signal bit[6] 0/1 positive/negative polarity for HELP signal bit[7] 0/1 positive/negative polarity for INTLC signal TRPAD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AVODIS SNCDIS LLC1DIS LLC2DIS FFSNCDIS 0 0 0 0 CDIS YDIS SYNCMODE 0 AVOPRE 0 0 0 0 0 0 HSINV HCINV AVOINV VSINV HELPINV INTLCINV Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION I2C Subaddress Number of bits Mode Function h’23 16 w/r OUTPUT STRENGTH: bit[3:0] 0..15 output pin strength (0 = strong, 15 = weak) bit[9:4] address of output pin 32 FIFO control pins FFIE, FFOE, FFWR, FFRE and FFRSTWR 33 SYNC pins AVO, HS, HC, INTERLACE, VS bit[10] 0/1 read/write output strength bit[15:11] reserved (set to 0) h’30 8 w/r Default V-SYNC DELAY CONTROL: bit[7:0] VS delay (8 LLC clock cycles per LSB) Name 0 OUTSTR PADSTR 0 PADADD 0 0 PADWR 0 VSDEL VSDEL 656 Interface h’24 8 w/r 656 OUTPUT INTERFACE bit [0] 1 disable hor. & vert. blanking of invalid data in 656 mode bit [1] 0 use vertical window as VFLAG 1 use vsync as VFLAG bit [2] enable suppression of 656-headers during invalid video lines bit [3] enable ITU-656 output format bit [4] 0/1 LLC1/LLC2 used as reference clock bit [5] 0/1 output mode: DIGIT 3000 / LLC OUT656 0 DBLNK 0 VSMODE 0 HSUP 0 656enable 0 DBLCLK 1 OMODE Sync Generator h’21 16 w/r LINE LENGTH: bit[10:0] bit[15:11] h’26 16 w/r HC START: bit[10:0] bit[15:11] h’27 16 w/r bit[10:0] bit[15:11] Micronas LINE LENGTH register In LLC mode, this register defines the cycle of the sync counter which generates the SYNC pulses. In LLC mode, the synccounter counts from 0 to LINE LENGTH, so this register has to be set to “number of pixels per line –1”. In DIGIT3000 mode, LINE LENGTH has to be set to 1295 for correct adjustment of vertical signals. reserved (set to 0) HC START defines the beginning of the HC signal in respect to the value of the sync counter. reserved (set to 0) HC STOP defines the end of the HC signal in respect to the value of the sync counter. reserved (set to 0) 1295 LINLEN 50 HCSTRT 800 HCSTOP 33 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD I2C Subaddress Number of bits Mode Function h’28 16 w/r AVO START: bit[10:0] h’29 16 w/r Default bit[11] bit[12] 0/1 bit[13] 0/1 bit[14] bit[15] 0/1 0/1 AVO STOP: bit[10:0] bit[15:11] bit[11] 0/1 bit[13:12] 00 01 10 11 bit[14] 0/1 bit[15] 0/1 h’22 16 w/r NEWLINE: bit[10:0] bit[15:11] 34 ADVANCE INFORMATION AVO START defines the beginning of the AVO signal in respect to the value of the sync counter. reserved (set to 0) dis/enable suppression of AVO during VBI and invalid video lines vertical standard for flywheel (312/262 lines) used if FLW is set disable interlace for flywheel enable vertical free run mode (flywheel) AVO STOP defines the end of the AVO signal in respect to the value of the sync counter. reserved for test picture generation (set to 0 in normal operation) disable/enable test pattern generator luma output mode: Y = ramp (240 ... 17) Y = 16 Y = 90 Y = 240 chroma output: 422/411 mode chroma output: pseudo color bar/zero if LMODE = 0 NEWLINE defines the readout start of the next line in respect to the value of the sync counter. The value of this register must be greater than 31 for correct operation and should be identical to AVOSTART (recommended). In case of 1H-bypass mode for scaler block, NEWLINE has no function. reserved (set to 0) 60 Name AVSTRT 0 AVOGATE 0 FLWSTD 0 DIS_INTL FLW 0 AVSTOP 0 0 COLBAREN 0 0 M411 CMODE 50 NEWLIN LMODE Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION I2C Subaddress Number of bits Mode Function Default Name 0 VPCMODE PIP Control h’84 16 w/r VPC MODE: bit[0] 0/1 bit[1] 0/1 bit[2] 0/1 bit[3] 0/1 bit[4] 0/1 bit[5] 0/1 ENA_PIP SINGVPC MAINVPC F16TO9 F16MHZ W525 dis-/enable field memory control for PIP double/single VPC application select VPCpip/VPCmain mode 4:3/16:9 screen 13.5/16 MHz output pixel rate vertical PIP window size is based on a 625/525 line video bit[7:6] field memory type 00 TI TMS4C2972/3 01 PHILIPS SAA 4955TJ 10 reserved 11 other (OKI MSM5412222, ...) bit[11:8] are evaluated, only if bit[7:6]=11 bit[8] 0/1 delay the video output for 0/1 LLC1 clock bit[9] 0/1 pos/neg polarity for WE and RE signals bit[10] 0/1 pos/neg polarity for IE and OE signals bit[11] 0/1 pos/neg polarity for RSTWR signal bit[15:12] reserved (set to 0) FIFOTYPE VIDEODEL WEREINV IEOEINV RSTWRINV This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. h’85 16 w/r PIP MODE: bit[3:0] bit[4] 0/1 the number of the PIP mode to be selected write one/both input field(s) of a frame into the field buffer in case TWOFB=0, only used in the expert mode, for VPCpip or VPCsingle bit[5] 0/1 use one/two field buffer(s), only used in the expert mode bit[13:6] are used, only for VPCmain bit[6] 0/1 show video/the background color in the main picture, only used in the expert mode bit[7] 0/1 dis-/enable the vertical up-shifting of the main picture bit[13:8] 0/1 number of lines for vertical up-shift bif[15:14] reserved (set to 0) 0 PIPMODE MODSEL FRAMOD TWOFB SHOWBGD VSHIFT VOFFSET This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. Micronas 35 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION I2C Subaddress Number of bits Mode Function Default Name h’83 8 w/r PIP OPERATION: For VPCpip or VPCsingle: bit[1:0] the number of the inset picture to be accessed in the x-direction bit[3:2] the number of the inset picture to be accessed in the y-direction bit[6:4] 000 start to write the inset picture with a frame 001 stop writing 010 fill the frame with the color COLFR1 011 fill the frame with the color COLFR2 100 fill the inset picture with a frame using the color COLBGD 101 fill the inset picture w/o a frame using the color COLBGD 110 start to write the inset picture w/o a frame 111 write the main picture (only for VPCsingle) 0 PIPOPER For VPCmain: bit[3:0] bit[6:4] 000 001 rest bit[7] h’80 16 w/r 0/1 NSPX NSPY WRPIC WRSTOP WRFRCOL1 WRFRCOL2 WRBGD WRBGDNF WRPICNF WRMAIN reserved set to 0 start to display PIP stop to display PIP reserved set to 0 DISSTARD DISSTOP NEWCMD processed/new command flag, normally write 1. After the new PIP setting takes effect, this bit is set to 0 to indicate operation complete. BACKGROUND COLOR: bit[[4:0] bit b7 to b3 of the chrominanc component CR bit[9:5] bit b7 to b3 of the chrominanc component CB bit[15:10] bit b7 to b2 of the luminance component Y (all other bits of YCBCR are set to 0) 0 COLBGD h’3e0 COLFR1 h’501f COLFR2 This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. h’81 16 w/r FRAME COLOR 1: Only used for PCpip or VPCsingle: bit[[4:0] bit b7 to b3 of the chrominanc component CR bit[9:5] bit b7 to b3 of the chrominanc component CB bit[15:10] bit b7 to b2 of the luminance component Y (all other bits of YCBCR are set to 0) This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. h’82 16 w/r FRAME COLOR 2: only used for VPCpip or VPCsingle: bit[[4:0] bit b7 to b3 of the chrominanc component CR bit[9:5] bit b7 to b3 of the chrominanc component CB bit[15:10] bit b7 to b2 of the luminance component Y (all other bits of YCBCR are set to 0) This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. 36 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION I2C Subaddress Number of bits Mode Function Default Name h’86 16 w/r LINE OFFSET: Only used for VPCpip or for the expert mode of VPCsingle: bit[8:0] line offset of the upper-left corner of the inset picture with NSPX=0 and NSPY=0 in the display window bit[9] 0/1 use the internal default/external setting via bit[8:0] bit[15:10] reserved (set to 0) 0 LINOFFS 0 PIXOFFS This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. h’89 16 w/r PIXEL OFFSET: Only used for VPCpip or for the expert mode of VPCsingle: bit[7:0] quarter of the pixel offset of the upper-left corner of the inset picture with NSPX=0 and NSPY=0 in the display window bit[8] 0/1 use the internal default/external setting via bit[7:0] bit[15:9] reserved (set to 0) This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. h’87 16 w/r VERTICAL START: For VPCpip and VPCsingle: bit[8:0] vertical start of the active video segment to be used as a inset picture For the VPCmain: vertical start of the inset picture(s) in the main picture bit[9] 0/1 use the internal default/external setting via bit[8:0] bit[15:10] reserved (set to 0) 0 VSTR h’8a 16 w/r 0 HORIZONTAL START: For VPCpip and VPCsingle: bit[7:0] horizontal start of the active video segment to be used as a inset picture For VPCmain: horizontal start of the inset picture(s) in the main picture In both cases HSTR is given by the number of 4-pixel-groups. bit[8] 0/1 use the internal default/external setting via bit[7:0] bit[15:9] reserved (set to 0) HSTR h’88 16 w/r NUMBER OF LINES: Only used in the expert modes: bit[8:0] For VPCpip and VPCsingle: number of lines of the active video segment to be used as a inset picture For VPCmain: number of lines of the inset picture(s) bit[15:9] 0 NLIN reserved (set to 0) This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. Micronas 37 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION I2C Subaddress Number of bits Mode Function Default Name h’8b 8 w/r NUMBER OF PIXEL PER LINE: Only used in the expert modes: bit[7:0] For VPCpip and VPCsingle: quarter of the number of pixels per line in the active video segment to be used as a inset picture For VPCmain: quarter of the number of pixels per line of the inset picture(s) 0 NPIX 0 NPFB This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. h’8c 16 w/r NUMBER OF PIXEL PER LINE IN THE FIELD BUFFER(S): bit[7:0] bit[8] bit[15:9] 0/1 quarter of the number of allocated pixels per line in the field buffer(s) use the internal default/external setting via bit[7:0] (must be set in the expert mode, optional in the predefined modes) reserved (set to 0) This register is updated when the PIPOPER register is written. h’8dh’8f reserved, don’t write CIP Control h’90 h’91 h’92 h’94 h’95 38 16 8 16 8 8 w/r w/r w/r w/r w/r SATURATION OF THE RGB/YCrCb COMPONENT INPUT: bit[5:0] saturation Cb( 0..63 ) bit[11:6] saturation Cr( 0..63 ) bit[15:12] reserved (set to 0) 18 23 CIPSAT SATCb SATCr TINT CONTROL OF THE RGB/YUV COMPONENT INPUT: bit[5:0] tint ( −20..+20 in degrees ) bit[7:6] reserved (set to 0) 0 CIPTNT BRIGHTNESS OF THE RGB/YUV COMPONENT INPUT: bit[7:0] brightness ( −128..+127 ) CONTRAST OF THE RGB/YUV COMPONENT INPUT: bit[13:8] contrast ( 0..63 ) bit[15:14] reserved (set to 0) SOFTMIXER CONTROL: bit[0] 0/1 rgb/main video delay (0:normal 1:dynamic) bit[1] 0/1 linear (0)/nonlinear(1) mixer select bit[7:4] fastblank gain (−7 .. +7) bit[3:2] reserved (set to 0) SOFTMIXER CONTROL: bit[5:0] fastblank offset correction (0..63 ) ( fb −> fb−FBOFFS ) bit[7:6] fastblank mode: x0 force rgb to cip out (equ. fb=0) 01 normal mode (fb active) 11 force main yuv to cip out (equ. fb=64) 68 CIPBRCT CIPBR 28 CIPCT 0 0 −1 CIPMIX1 RGBDLY SELLIN FBGAIN 32 CIPMIX2 FBOFFS 11 FBMODE Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION I2C Subaddress Number of bits Mode Function h’96 8 w/r ADC RANGE : bit[0] reserved (set to 0) bit[1] 0/1 0/+3dB extended ADC range INPUT PORT SELECT : bit[2] 0/1 1/2 input port select SOFTMIXER CONTROL: bit[5] 0/1 clamp fb to a programable value (0:normal 1: fb=31−FBOFFS ) bit[6] 0/1 bypass chroma 444−>422 decimation filter RGB/YUV SELECT: bit[7] 0/1 rgb/yuv input select bit[4:3] reserved (set to 0) h’97 8 r FB MONITOR: bit[0] 0/1 bit[1] 0/1 bit[2] 0/1 bit[3] 0/1 Default set by fb high, reset by reg. read and fb low set by fb falling edge, reset by reg. read set by fb rising edge, reset by reg. read fb status at register read CLIP DETECTOR: bit[4] 0/1 rgb/yuv input clip detect, reset by read Name CIPCNTL 0 XAR 0 RGBSEL 0 FBCLP 1 CIPCFBY 0 YUV − − − − CIPMON FBHIGH FBFALL FBRISE FBSTAT − CLIPD Hardware ID h’9f Micronas 16 r Hardware version number bit[7:0] 0/255 hardware id 1=A, 2=B aso. bit[11:8] 0/3 product code 0 VPC32x0D 1 VPC32x1D 2 VPC32x2D 3 VPC32x3D bit[15:12] 0/15 product code 3 VPC323xD 100Hz version 4 VPC324xD 50Hz version read only 39 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 3–2: Control Registers of the Fast Processor – default values are initialized at reset – * indicates: register is initialized according to the current standard when SDT register is changed. FP Subaddress Function Default Name Standard Selection h’20 Standard select: bit[2:0] standard 0 PAL B,G,H,I 1 NTSC M 2 SECAM 3 NTSC44 4 PAL M 5 PAL N 6 PAL 60 7 NTSC COMB SDT 0 (50 Hz) (60 Hz) (50 Hz) (60 Hz) (60 Hz) (50 Hz) (60 Hz) (60 Hz) 4.433618 3.579545 4.286 4.433618 3.575611 3.582056 4.433618 3.579545 PAL NTSC SECAM NTSC44 PALM PALN PAL60 NTSCC bit[3] 0/1 MOD standard modifier PAL modified to simple PAL NTSC modified to compensated NTSC SECAM modified to monochrome 625 NTSCC modified to monochrome 525 0 SDTMOD bit[4] 0/1 PAL+ mode off/on 0 PALPLUS bit[5] 0/1 4-H COMB mode 0 COMB bit[6] 0/1 S-VHS mode: The S-VHS/COMB bits allow the following modes: composite input signal comb filter active S-VHS input signal CVBS mode (composite input signal, no luma notch) 0 SVHS 0 SDTOPT 0 ASR_ENABLE 00 01 10 11 Option bits allow to suppress parts of the initialization; this can be used for color standard search: h’148 bit[7] bit[8] bit[9] bit[10] no hpll setup no vertical setup no acc setup 4-H comb filter setup only bit[11] status bit, normally write 0. After the FP has switched to a new standard, this bit is set to 1 to indicate operation complete. Standard is automatically initialized when the insel register is written. Enable automatic standard recognition bit[0] 0/1 PAL B,G,H,I (50 Hz) bit[1] 0/1 NTSC M (60 Hz) bit[2] 0/1 SECAM (50 Hz) bit[3] 0/1 NTSC44 (60 Hz) bit[4] 0/1 PAL M (60 Hz) bit[5] 0/1 PAL N (50 Hz) bit[6] 0/1 PAL 60 (60 Hz) 4.433618 3.579545 4.286 4.433618 3.575611 3.582056 4.433618 0: disable recognition; 1: enable recognition 40 Micronas ADVANCE INFORMATION VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD FP Subaddress Function h’14e Status of automatic standard recognition bit[0] 1 error of the vertical standard (neither 50 nor 60 Hz) bit[1] 1 detected standard is disabled bit[2] 1 search active bit[3] 1 search terminated, but failed bit[3:0] h’21 Default writing to this register will also initialize the standard bit[1:0] luma selector VIN3 VIN2 VIN1 VIN4 chroma selector VIN1/CIN IF compensation off 6 dB/Okt 12 dB/Okt 10 dB/MHz only for SECAM chroma bandwidth selector narrow normal broad wide adaptive/fixed SECAM notch filter enable luma lowpass filter hpll speed no change terrestrial vcr mixed status bit, write 0, this bit is set to 1 to indicate operation complete. 00 01 10 11 bit[2] 0/1 bit[4:3] 00 01 10 11 bit[6:5] 00 01 10 11 0/1 0/1 00 01 10 11 bit[11] 0 ASR_STATUS VWINERR DISABLED BUSY FAILED 0000 all ok 0001 search not started, because vwin error detected (no input or SECAM L) 0010 search not started, because detected vert. standard not enabled x1x0 search started and still active 1x00 search failed (found standard not correct) 1x10 search failed, (detected color standard not enabled) Input select: bit[7] bit[8] bit[10:9] Name INSEL 0 VIS 1 CIS 0 IFC 2 CBW 0 0 3 FNTCH LOWP HPLLMD h’22 picture start position: This register sets the start point of active video and can be used e.g. for panning. The setting is updated when ‘sdt’ register is updated or when the scaler mode register ‘scmode’ is written. 0 SFIF h’23 luma/chroma delay adjust. The setting is updated when ‘sdt’ register is updated. bit[5:0] reserved, set to zero bit[11:6] luma delay in clocks, allowed range is +1 ... –7 0 LDLY h’29 helper delay register (PAL+ mode only) bit[11:0] delay adjust for helper lines adjustable from –96...96, 1 step corresponds to 1/32 clock 0 HLP_DLY Micronas 41 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION FP Subaddress Function Default h’2f VGA mode select, pull-in range is limited to 2% bit[1:0] 0 31.5 kHz 1 35.2 kHz 2/3 37.9 kHz is set to 0 by FP if VGA = 0 bit[10] 0/1 disable/enable VGA mode bit[11] status bit, write 0, this bit is set to 1 to indicate operation complete. Name VGA_C 0 VGAMODE 0 VGA Comb Filter h’28 h’55 comb filter control register bit[1:0] notch filter select 00 flat frequency characteristic 01 min. peaked 10 med. peaked 11 max. peaked bit[3:2] diagonal dot reduction 00 min. reduction ... 11 max. reduction bit[4:5] horizontal difference gain 00 min. gain ... 11 max. gain bit[7:6] vertical difference gain 00 max. gain ... 11 min. gain bit[11:8] vertical peaking gain 0 no vertical peaking... 15 max. vertical peaking comb filter test register bit[1:0] reserved, set ot 0 bit[2] 0/1 disable/enable vertical peaking DC rejection filter bit[3] 0/1 disable/enable vertical peaking coring bit[11:4] reserved, set to 0 h’e7 3 COMB_UC NOSEL 1 DDR 2 HDG 3 VDG 0 VPK CMB_TST 0 0 DCR COR Color Processing h’30 Saturation control bit[11:0] 0...4095 (2070 corresponds to 100% saturation) h’17a ACC PAL+ Helper gain adjust, gain is referenced to PAL burst, allowed values from 256..1023 a value of zero allows manual adjust of Helper amplitude via ACCh h’17d ACC multiplier value for PAL+ Helper Signal b[10:0] eeemmmmmmmm m * 2–e h’39 amplitude killer level (0:killer disabled) h’3a 2070 ACC_SAT 787 HLPGAIN 1280 ACCH 25 KILVL amplitude killer hysteresis 5 KILHY h’16c automatic helper disable for nonstandard signals bit[11:0] 0 automatic function disabled bit[1:0] 01 enable bit[11:2] 1..50 number of fields to switch on helper signal 0 HLPDIS h’dc NTSC tint angle, ±512 = ±π/4 0 TINT 42 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION FP Subaddress Function Default Name DVCO h’f8 crystal oscillator center frequency adjust, –2048 ... 2047 h’f9 crystal oscillator center frequency adjustment value for line-lock mode, true adjust value is DVCO – ADJUST. For factory crystal alignment, using standard video signal: disable autolock mode, set DVCO = 0, set lock mode, read crystal offset from ADJUST register and use negative value for initial center frequency adjustment via DVCO. h’f7 crystal oscillator line-locked mode, lock command/status write: 100 enable lock 0 disable lock read: 0 unlocked >2047 locked h’b5 crystal oscillator line-locked mode, autolock feature. If autolock is enabled, crystal oscillator locking is started automatically. bit[11:0] threshold, 0:autolock off –720 read only 0 400 DVCO ADJUST XLCK AUTOLCK FP Status Register h’12 general purpose control bits bit[2:0] reserved, do not change bit[3] vertical standard force bit[8:4] reserved, do not change bit[9] disable flywheel interlace bit[11:10] reserved, do not change to enable vertical free run mode set vfrc to 1 and dflw to 0 0 VFRC 1 DFLW – ASR h’13 standard recognition status bit[0] 1 vertical lock bit[1] 1 horizontally locked bit[2] 1 no signal detected bit[3] 1 color amplitude killer active bit[4] 1 disable amplitude killer bit[5] 1 color ident killer active bit[6] 1 disable ident killer bit[7] 1 interlace detected bit[8] 1 no vertical sync detection bit[9] 1 spurious vertical sync detection bit[12:10] reserved h’14 input noise level, available only for VPC 323xC read only NOISE h’cb number of lines per field, P/S: 312, N: 262 read only NLPF h’15 vertical field counter, incremented per field read only VCNT h’74 measured sync amplitude value, nominal: 768 (PAL), 732 (NTSC) read only SAMPL h’31 measured burst amplitude read only BAMPL h’f0 firmware version number bit[7:0] internal revision number bit[11:8] firmware release hardware id see I2C register h’9f read only – Micronas 43 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD FP Subaddress ADVANCE INFORMATION Function Default Name Scaler Control Register h’40 scaler mode register bit[1:0] scaler mode 0 linear scaling mode 1 nonlinear scaling mode, ’panorama’ 2 nonlinear scaling mode, ’waterglass’ 3 reserved bit[2] reserved, set to 0 bit[3] color mode select 0/1 4:2:2 mode / 4:1:1 mode bit[4] scaler bypass bit[5] reserved, set to 0 bit[6] luma output format 0 ITU-R luma output format (16–240) 1 CVBS output format bit[7] chroma output format 0/1 ITU-R (offset binary) / signed bit[10:8] reserved, set to 0 bit[11] 0 scaler update command, when the registers are updated the bit is set to 1 0 pip control register bit[1:0] horizontal downsampling 0 no downsampling 1 downsampling by 2 2 downsampling by 4 3 downsampling by 8 bit[3:2] vertical compression for PIP 0 compression by 2 1 compression by 3 2 compression by 4 3 compression by 6 bit[4] vertical filter enable bit[5] interlace offset for vertical filter (NTSC mode only) 0 start in line 283 of 2nd field (ITUR 656 spec) 1 start in line 282 of 2nd field (NTSC spec) this register is updated when the scaler mode register is written 0 h’42 active video length for 1H-FIFO bit[11:0] length in pixels D3000 mode (1296/h)1080 LLC mode (864/h)720 this register is updated when the scaler mode register is written 1080 FFLIM h’43 scaler1 coefficient: This scaler compresses the signal. For compression by a factor c, the value c*1024 is required. bit[11:0] allowed values from 1024... 4095 This register is updated when the scaler mode register is written. 1024 SCINC1 h’44 scaler2 coefficient: This scaler expands the signal. For expansion by a factor c, the value 1/c*1024 is required. bit[11:0] allowed values from 256..1024 This register is updated when the scaler mode register is written. 1024 SCINC2 h’45 scaler1/2 nonlinear scaling coefficient This register is updated when the scaler mode register is written. 0 h’41 44 SCMODE PANO S411 BYE YOF COF SCPIP DOWNSAMP PIPSIZE PIPE INTERLACE_OFF SCINC Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION FP Subaddress Function h’47 – h’4b scaler1 window controls, see table 5 12-bit registers for control of the nonlinear scaling This register is updated when the scaler mode register is written. 0 SCW1_0 – 4 h’4c – h’50 scaler2 window controls, see table 5 12-bit registers for control of the nonlinear scaling This register is updated when the scaler mode register is written. 0 SCW2_0 – 4 h’52 brightness register bit[7:0] luma brightness −128...127 ITU-R output format: 16 CVBS output format: −4 bit[9:8] horizontal lowpass filter for Y/C 0 bypass 1 filter 1 2 filter 2 3 filter 3 bit[10] horizontal lowpass filter for highresolution chroma 0/1 bypass/filter enabled this register is updated when the scaler mode register is written 16 16 contrast register bit[5:0] luma contrast 0..63 ITU-R output format: 48 bit[7:6] horizontal peaking filter 0 broad 1 med 2 narrow bit[10:8] peaking gain 0 no peaking... 7 max. peaking bit[10] peaking filter coring enable 0/1 bypass/coring enabled this register is updated when the scaler mode register is written h’53 Default Name SCBRI BR 0 LPF2 0 CBW2 48 48 SCCT CT 0 PFS 0 PK 0 PKCOR LLC Control Register h’65 vertical freeze start freeze llc pll for llc_start < line number < llc_stop bit[11:0] allowed values from –156...+156 –10 h’66 vertical freeze stop freeze llc pll for llc_start < line number < llc_stop bit[11:0] allowed values from –156...+156 4 h’69 h’6a 20 bit llc clock center frequency 12.27 MHz −79437 13.5 MHz 174763 14.75 MHz 194181 16 MHz –135927 18 MHz 174763 Micronas = = = = = h’FEC9B2 h’02AAAB h’02F685 h’FDED08 h’02AAAB 42 = h’02A 2731 = h’AAB LLC_START LLC_STOP LLC_CLOCKH LLC_CLOCKL 45 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD FP Subaddress Function h’61 pll frequency limiter, 8% 12.27 MHz 30 13.5 MHz 54 14.75 MHz 62 16 MHz 48 18 MHz 54 h’6d llc clock generator control word bit[5:0] hardware register shadow llc_clkc = 5→12.27 MHz llc_clkc = 5→13.5 MHz llc_clkc = 35→14.75 MHz llc_clkc = 3→16 MHz llc_clkc = 3→18 MHz bit[10:6] reserved bit[11] 0/1 enable/disable llc pll 46 ADVANCE INFORMATION Default Name 54 2053 LLC_DFLIMIT LLC_CLKC Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 3–3: Control Registers of the Fast Processor that are used for the control of DDP 3300A – this function is only available in the 50 Hz version (VPC 324xD) – default values are initialized at reset – * indicates: register is initialized according to the current standard when SDT register is changed FP Subaddress Function Default Name FP Display Control Register h’130 White Drive Red (0...1023) 700 WDR 1) h’131 White Drive Green (0...1023) 700 WDG 1) h’132 White Drive Blue (0...1023) 700 WDB 1) h’139 Internal Brightness, Picture (0 ..511), the center value is 256, the range allows for both increase and reduction of brightness. 256 IBR h’13c Internal Brightness, measurement (0...511), the center value is 256, the brightness for measurement can be set to measure at higher cutoff current. The measurement brightness is independent of the drive values. 256 IBRM h’13a Analog Brightness for external RGB (0...511), the center value is 256, the range allows for both increase and reduction of brightness. 256 ABR h’13b Analog Contrast for external RGB (0...511) 350 ACT 1) The white drive values will become active only after writing the blue value WDB, latching of new values is indicated by setting the MSB of WDB. FP Display Control Register, BCL h’144 BCL threshold current, 0...2047 (max ADC output ~1152) 1000 BCLTHR h’142 BCL time constant 0...15 →13 ... 1700 msec 15 BCLTM h’143 BCL loop gain. 0..15 0 BCLG h’145 BCL minimum contrast 0 ...1023 307 BCLMIN h’105 Test register for BCL/EHT comp. function, register value: 0 normal operation 1 stop ADC offset compensation x>1 use x in place of input from Measurement ADC 0 BCLTST FP Display Control Register, Deflection h’103 interlace offset, –2048 ...2047 This value is added to the SAWTOOTH output during one field. 0 INTLC h’102 discharge sample count for deflection retrace, SAWTOOTH DAC output impedance is reduced for DSCC lines after vertical retrace. 7 DSCC h’11f vertical discharge value, SAWTOOTH output value during discharge operation, typically same as A0 init value for sawtooth. –1365 DSCV h’10b EHT (electronic high tension) compensation coefficient, 0...511 0 EHT h’10a EHT time constant. 0 ..15 → 3.2 ...410 msec 15 EHTTM Micronas 47 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Control registers, continued FP Subaddress Function Default Name FP Display Control Register, Vertical Sawtooth h’110 DC offset of SAWTOOTH output This offset is independent of EHT compensation. 0 OFS h’11b accu0 init value –1365 A0 h’11c accu1 init value 900 A1 h’11d accu2 init value 0 A2 h’11e accu3 init value 0 A3 FP Display Control Register, East-West Parabola h’12b accu0 init value –1121 A0 h’12c accu1 init value 219 A1 h’12d accu2 init value 479 A2 h’12e accu3 init value –1416 A3 h’12f accu4 init value 1052 A4 48 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 3.2.1. Calculation of Vertical and East-West Deflection Coefficients 3.2.2. Scaler Adjustment In Table 3–4 the formula for the calculation of the deflection initialization parameters from the polynominal coefficients a,b,c,d,e is given for the vertical and East-West deflection. Let the polynomial be P ÷ a + b(x – 0.5) + c(x – 0.5)2 + d(x – 0.5)3 + e(x – 0.5)4 The initialization values for the accumulators a0..a3 for vertical deflection and a0..a4 for East-West deflection are 12-bit values. The coefficients that should be used to calculate the initialization values for different field frequencies are given below, the values must be scaled by 128, i.e. the value for a0 of the 50 Hz vertical deflection is a0 = (a · 128 – b · 1365.3 + c · 682.7 – d · 682.7) ÷ 128 In case of linear scaling, most of the scaler registers need not be set. Only the scaler mode, active video length, and the fixed scaler increments (scinc1/scinc2) must be written. The adjustment of the scaler for nonlinear scaling modes should use the parameters given in table 3–5. An example for ‘panorama vision’ mode with 13.5 MHz line-locked clock is depicted in Fig. 3–2. The figure shows the scaling of the input signal and the variation of the scaling factor during the active video line. The scaling factor starts below 1, i.e. for the borders the video data is expanded by scaler 2. The scaling factor becomes one and compression scaling is done by scaler 1. When the picture center is reached, the scaling factor is held constant. At the second border the scaler increment is inverted and the scaling factor changes back symmetrically. The picture indicates the function of the scaler increments and the scaler window parameters. The correct adjustment requires that pixel counts for the respective windows are always in number of output samples of scaler 1 or 2. Table 3–4: Tables for the Calculation of Initialization values for Vertical Sawtooth and East-West Parabola Vertical Deflection 50 Hz a a0 b 128 a1 c East-West Deflection 50 Hz d –1365.3 +682.7 –682.7 a0 899.6 –904.3 +1363.4 a1 296.4 –898.4 a2 585.9 a3 a2 a3 a0 a1 a2 128 b c d e –341.3 1365.3 –85.3 341.3 111.9 –899.6 84.8 –454.5 586.8 –111.1 898.3 72.1 –1171.7 East-West Deflection 60 Hz –1365.3 +682.7 –682.7 1083.5 –1090.2 +1645.5 429.9 –1305.8 a a0 a1 128 b c d e –341.3 1365.3 –85.3 341.3 134.6 –1083.5 102.2 –548.4 849.3 –161.2 1305.5 125.6 –2046.6 1023.5 a3 a4 Micronas c 756.5 d a2 a3 128 b a4 Vertical Deflection 60 Hz a a 1584.8 49 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD border ADVANCE INFORMATION border center input signal video signal output signal scinc compression ratio 1 scinc1 scinc2 expansion (scaler2) compression (scaler1) scaler window 0 cutpoints compression (scaler1) 1 2 expansion (scaler2) 3 4 Fig. 3–2: Scaler operation for ‘panorama’ mode at 13.5 MHz Table 3–5: Set-up values for nonlinear scaler modes Mode DIGIT3000 (20.25 MHz) ‘waterglass’ border 35% Register center 3/4 center 5/6 LLC (13.5 MHz) ‘panorama’ border 30% ‘waterglass’ border 35% ‘panorama’ border 30% center 4/3 center 6/5 center 3/4 center 5/6 center 4/3 center 6/5 scinc1 1643 1427 1024 1024 2464 2125 1024 1024 scinc2 1024 1024 376 611 1024 1024 573 914 scinc 90 56 85 56 202 124 190 126 fflim 945 985 921 983 719 719 681 715 scw1 – 0 110 115 83 94 104 111 29 13 scw1 – 1 156 166 147 153 104 111 115 117 scw1 – 2 317 327 314 339 256 249 226 241 scw1 – 3 363 378 378 398 256 249 312 345 scw1 – 4 473 493 461 492 360 360 341 358 scw2 – 0 110 115 122 118 104 111 38 14 scw2 – 1 156 166 186 177 104 111 124 118 scw2 – 2 384 374 354 363 256 249 236 242 scw2 – 3 430 425 418 422 256 249 322 346 scw2 – 4 540 540 540 540 360 360 360 360 50 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4. Specifications 4.1. Outline Dimensions 23 x 0.8 = 18.4 0.8 0.17 ±0.03 64 41 14 17.2 8 1.8 10.3 9.8 5 16 80 0.8 8 1.8 1 15 x 0.8 = 12.0 40 65 25 24 1.28 23.2 2.70 3 ±0.2 20 0.1 SPGS0025-1/1E Fig. 4–1: 80-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Package (PQFP80) Weight approximately 1.61 g Dimensions in mm 4.2. Pin Connections and Short Descriptions NC = not connected LV = if not used, leave vacant X = obligatory; connect as described in circuit diagram SUPPLYA=4.75...5.25V, SUPPLYD=3.15...3.45V Pin No. Pin Name Type Connection (if not used) Short Description 1 B1/CB1IN IN VREF Blue1/Cb1 Analog Component Input 2 G1/Y1IN IN VREF Green1/Y1 Analog Component Input 3 R1/CR1IN IN VREF Red1/Cr1 Analog Component Input 4 B2/CB2IN IN VREF Blue2/Cb2 Analog Component Input 5 G2/Y2IN IN VREF Green2/Y2 Analog Component Input 6 R2/CR2IN IN VREF Red2/Cr2 Analog Component Input 7 ASGF X Analog Shield GNDF 9 VSUPCAP SUPPLYD X Supply Voltage, Digital Decoupling Circuitry 10 VSUPD SUPPLYD X Supply Voltage, Digital Circuitry 11 GNDD SUPPLYD X Ground, Digital Circuitry 12 GNDCAP SUPPLYD X Ground, Digital Decoupling Circuitry 13 SCL IN/OUT X I2C Bus Clock 14 SDA IN/OUT X I2C Bus Data PQFP 80-pin Micronas 51 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD Pin No. ADVANCE INFORMATION Pin Name Type Connection (if not used) Short Description 15 RESQ IN X Reset Input, Active Low 16 TEST IN GNDD Test Pin, connect to GNDD 17 VGAV IN GNDD VGAV Input 18 YCOEQ IN VSUPD Y/C Output Enable Input, Active Low 19 FFIE OUT LV FIFO Input Enable 20 FFWE OUT LV FIFO Write Enable 21 FFRSTW OUT LV FIFO Reset Write/Read 22 FFRE OUT LV FIFO Read Enable 23 FFOE OUT LV FIFO Output Enable 24 CLK20 IN/OUT LV Main Clock Output 20.25 MHz 25 GNDPA SUPPLYD X Ground, Pad Decoupling Circuitry 26 VSUPPA SUPPLYD X Supply Voltage, Pad Decoupling Circuitry 27 LLC2 OUT LV Double Clock Output 28 LLC1 IN/OUT LV Clock Output 29 VSUPLLC SUPPLYD X Supply Voltage, LLC Circuitry 30 GNDLLC SUPPLYD X Ground, LLC Circuitry 31 Y7 OUT GNDY Picture Bus Luma (MSB) 32 Y6 OUT GNDY Picture Bus Luma 33 Y5 OUT GNDY Picture Bus Luma 34 Y4 OUT GNDY Picture Bus Luma 35 GNDY SUPPLYD X Ground, Luma Output Circuitry 36 VSUPY SUPPLYD X Supply Voltage, Luma Output Circuitry 37 Y3 OUT GNDY Picture Bus Luma 38 Y2 OUT GNDY Picture Bus Luma 39 Y1 OUT GNDY Picture Bus Luma 40 Y0 OUT GNDY Picture Bus Luma (LSB) 41 C7 OUT GNDC Picture Bus Chroma (MSB) 42 C6 OUT GNDC Picture Bus Chroma 43 C5 OUT GNDC Picture Bus Chroma 44 C4 OUT GNDC Picture Bus Chroma 45 VSUPC SUPPLYD X Supply Voltage, Chroma Output Circuitry PQFP 80-pin 52 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Pin No. Pin Name Type Connection (if not used) Short Description 46 GNDC SUPPLYD X Ground, Chroma Output Circuitry 47 C3 OUT GNDC Picture Bus Chroma 48 C2 OUT GNDC Picture Bus Chroma 49 C1 OUT GNDC Picture Bus Chroma 50 C0 OUT GNDC Picture Bus Chroma (LSB) 51 GNDSY SUPPLYD X Ground, Sync Pad Circuitry 52 VSUPSY SUPPLYD X Supply Voltage, Sync Pad Circuitry 53 INTLC OUT LV Interlace Output 54 AVO OUT LV Active Video Output 55 FSY/HC OUT LV Front Sync/ Horizontal Clamp Pulse 56 MSY/HS IN/OUT LV Main Sync/Horizontal Sync Pulse 57 VS OUT LV Vertical Sync Pulse 58 FPDAT IN/OUT LV Front-End/Back-End Data 59 VSTBY SUPPLYA X Standby Supply Voltage 60 CLK5 OUT LV CCU 5 MHz Clock Output 62 XTAL1 IN X Analog Crystal Input 63 XTAL2 OUT X Analog Crystal Output 64 ASGF X Analog Shield GNDF 65 GNDF SUPPLYA X Ground, Analog Front-End 66 VRT OUTPUT X Reference Voltage Top, Analog 67 I2CSEL IN X I2C Bus Address Select 68 ISGND SUPPLYA X Signal Ground for Analog Input, connect to GNDF 69 VSUPF SUPPLYA X Supply Voltage, Analog Front-End 70 VOUT OUT LV Analog Video Output 71 CIN IN LV* Chroma / Analog Video 5 Input 72 VIN1 IN VRT* Video 1 Analog Input 73 VIN2 IN VRT Video 2 Analog Input 74 VIN3 IN VRT Video 3 Analog Input 75 VIN4 IN VRT Video 4 Analog Input 76 VSUPAI SUPPLYA X Supply Voltage, Analog Component Inputs Front-End PQFP 80-pin Micronas 53 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD Pin No. ADVANCE INFORMATION Pin Name Type Connection (if not used) Short Description 77 GNDAI SUPPLYA X Ground, Analog Component Inputs Front-End 78 VREF OUTPUT X Reference Voltage Top, Analog Component Inputs Front-End 79 FB1IN IN VREF Fast Blank Input 80 AISGND SUPPLYA X Signal Ground for Analog Component Inputs, connect to GNDAI 8, 61 NC – LV OR GNDD Not connected PQFP 80-pin *) chroma selector must be set to 1 (CIN chroma select) 4.3. Pin Descriptions (pin numbers for PQFP80 package) Pins 1-3 – Analog Component Inputs RGB1/YCrCb1 (Fig. 4–11) These are analog component inputs with fast blank control. A RGB or YCrCb signal is converted using the component AD converter. The input signals must be AC-coupled. Pins 4-6 – Analog Component Inputs RGB2/YCrCb2 (Fig. 4–11) These are analog component inputs without fastblank control. A RGB or YCrCb signal is converted using the component AD converter. The input signals must be AC-coupled. Pin 7, 64 – Ground, Analog Shield Front-End GNDF Pin 9 – Supply Voltage, Decoupling Circuitry VSUPCAP This pin is connected with 220 nF/1.5 nF/390 pF to GNDCAP. Pin 17 – VGAV-Input (Fig. 4–3) This pin is connected to the vertical sync signal of a VGA signal. Pin 18 – YC Output Enable Input YCOEQ (Fig. 4–3) A low level on this pin enables the luma and chroma outputs. Pin 19 – FIFO Input Enable FFIE (Fig. 4–4) This pin is connected to the IE pin of the external field memory. Pin 20 – FIFO Write Enable FFWE (Fig. 4–4) This pin is connected to the WE pin of the external field memory. Pin 21 – FIFO Reset Write/Read FFRSTW (Fig. 4–4) This pin is connected to the RSTW pin of the external field memory. Pin 22 – FIFO Read Enable FFRE (Fig. 4–4) This pin is connected to the RE pin of the external field memory. Pin 10 – Supply Voltage, Digital Circuitry VSUPD Pin 11 – Ground, Digital Circuitry GNDD Pin 23 – FIFO Output Enable FFOE (Fig. 4–4) This pin is connected to the OE pin of the external field memory. Pin 12 – Ground, Decoupling Circuitry GNDCAP Pin 13– I2C Bus Clock SCL (Fig. 4–3) This pin connects to the I2C bus clock line. Pin 14– I2C Bus Data SDA (Fig. 4–12) This pin connects to the I2C bus data line. Pin 24 – Main Clock Output CLK20 (Fig. 4–4) This is the 20.25 MHz main clock output. Pin 25 – Ground, Analog Pad Circuitry GNDPA Pin 26 – Supply Voltage, Analog Pad Circuitry VSUPPA This pin is connected with 47 nF/1.5 nF to GNDPA Pin 15 – Reset Input RESQ (Fig. 4–3) A low level on this pin resets the VPC 32xx. Pin 27 – Double Output Clock, LLC2 (Fig. 4–4) Pin 16 – Test Input TEST (Fig. 4–3) This pin enables factory test modes. For normal operation, it must be connected to ground. Pin 28 – Output Clock, LLC1 (Fig. 4–4) This is the clock reference for the luma, chroma, and status outputs. 54 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Pin 29 – Supply Voltage, LLC Circuitry VSUPLLC This pin is connected with 68 nF to GNDLLC cessor. The information for the deflection drives and for the white drive control, i. e. the beam current limiter, is transmitted by this pin. Pin 30 – Ground, LLC Circuitry GNDLLC Pins 31 to 34,37 to 40 – Luma Outputs Y7 – Y0 (Fig. 4–4) These output pins carry the digital luminance data. The outputs are clocked with the LLC1 clock. In ITUR656 mode the Y/C data is multiplexed and clocked with LLC2 clock. Pin 35– Ground, Luma Output Circuitry GNDY This pin is connected with 68 nF to GNDY Pin 36 – Supply Voltage, Luma Output Circuitry VSUPY Pins 41 to 44,47 to 50 – Chroma Outputs C7–C0 (Fig. 4–4) These outputs carry the digital CrCb chrominance data. The outputs are clocked with the LL1 clock. The CrCb data is sampled at half the clock rate and multiplexed. The CrCb multiplex is reset for each TV line. In ITUR656 mode, the chroma outputs are tri-stated. Pin 59 – Standby Supply Voltage VSTDBY In standby mode, only the clock oscillator is active, GNDF should be ground reference. Please activate RESQ before powering-up other supplies Pin 60 – CCU 5 MHz Clock Output CLK5 (Fig. 4–10) This pin provides a clock frequency for the TV microcontroller, e.g. a CCU 3000 controller. It is also used by the DDP 3300A display controller as a standby clock. Pins 62and 63 – XTAL1 Crystal Input and XTAL2 Crystal Output (Fig. 4–7) These pins are connected to an 20.25 MHz crystal oscillator which is digitally tuned by integrated shunt capacitances. The CLK20 and CLK5 clock signals are derived from this oscillator. An external clock can be fed into XTAL1. In this case, clock frequency adjustment must be switched off. Pin 65 – Ground, Analog Front-End GNDF Pin 45 – Supply Voltage, Chroma Output Circuitry VSUPC This pin is connected with 68 nF to GNDC Pin 46 – Ground, Chroma Output Circuitry GNDC Pin 66 – Reference Voltage Top VRT (Fig. 4–8) Via this pin, the reference voltage for the A/D converters is decoupled. The pin is connected with 10 µF/47 nF to the Signal Ground Pin. Pin 51 – Ground, Sync Pad Circuitry GNDSY Pin 67 – I2C Bus address select I2CSEL This pin determines the I2C bus address of the IC. Pin 52 – Supply Voltage, Sync Pad Circuitry VSUPSY This pin is connected with 47 nF/1.5 nF to GNDSY Table 4–1: VPC32xxD I2C address select Pin 53 – Interlace Output, INTLC (Fig. 4–4) This pin supplies the interlace information, 0 indicates first field, 1 indicates second field. Pin 54 – Active Video Output, AVO (Fig. 4–4) This pin indicates the active video output data. The signal is clocked with the LLC1 clock. Pin 55 – Front Sync/Horizontal Clamp Pulse, FSY/HC (Fig. 4–4) This signal can be used to clamp an external video signal, that is synchronous to the input signal. The timing is programmable. In DIGIT3000 mode, this pin supplies the front sync information. Pin 56 – Main Sync/Horizontal Sync Pulse MSY/HS (Fig. 4–4) This pin supplies the horizontal sync pulse information in line-locked mode. In DIGIT3000 mode, this pin is the main sync input. Pin 57 – Vertical Sync Pulse, VS (Fig. 4–4) This pin supplies the vertical sync signal. Pin 58 – Front-End/Back-End Data FPDAT (Fig. 4–5) This pin interfaces to the DDP 3300A back-end pro- Micronas I2CSEL I2C Add. GNDF 88/89 hex VRT 8C/8D hex VSUPF 8E/8F hex Pin 68 – Signal GND for Analog Input ISGND (Fig. 4– 10) This is the high quality ground reference for the video input signals. Pin 69 – Supply Voltage, Analog Front-End VSUPF (Fig. 4–8) This pin is connected with 220 nF/1.5 nF/390 pF to GNDF Pin 70 – Analog Video Output, VOUT (Fig. 4–6) The analog video signal that is selected for the main (luma, CVBS) ADC is output at this pin. An emitter follower is required at this pin. Pin 71 – Chroma Input CIN (Fig. 4–9) This pin is connected to the S-VHS chroma signal. A resistive divider is used to bias the input signal to the middle of the converter input range. CIN can only be 55 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION connected to the chroma (Video 2) A/D converter. The signal must be AC-coupled. Pins 72-75 – Video Input 1–4 (Fig. 4–11) These are the analog video inputs. A CVBS or S-VHS luma signal is converted using the luma (Video 1) AD converter. The VIN1 input can also be switched to the chroma (Video 2) ADC. The input signal must be AC-coupled. Pin 76 – Supply Voltage, Analog Component Inputs Front-End VSUPAI This pin is connected with 220 nF/1.5 nF/390 pF to GNDAI Pin 77 – Ground, Analog Component Inputs Front-End GNDAI Pin 78 – Reference Voltage Top VREF (Fig. 4–8) Via this pin, the reference voltage for the analog component A/D converters is decoupled. The pin is connected with 10 µF/47 nF to the Analog Component Signal Ground Pin. Pin 79 – Fast Blank Input FB1IN (Fig. 4–10) This pin is connected to the analog fast blank signal. It controls the insertion of the RGB1/YCrCb1 signals. The input signal must be DC-coupled. Pin 80 – Signal GND for Analog Component Inputs AISGND (Fig. 4–10) This is the high quality ground reference for the component input signals. 56 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.4. Pin Configuration INTLC AVO VSUPSY GNDSY FSY/HC C0 MSY/HS C1 VS C2 FPDAT C3 VSTBY GNDC CLK5 VSUPC NC C4 XTAL1 C5 XTAL2 C6 ASGF C7 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 65 40 Y0 VRT 66 39 Y1 I2CSEL 67 38 Y2 ISGND 68 37 Y3 VSUPF 69 36 VSUPY VOUT 70 35 GNDY CIN 71 34 Y4 VIN1 72 33 Y5 VIN2 73 32 Y6 VIN3 74 31 Y7 VIN4 75 30 GNDLLC VSUPAI 76 29 VSUPLLC GNDAI 77 28 LLC1 VREF 78 27 LLC2 FB1IN 79 26 VSUPPA AISGND 80 25 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 GNDF VPC323XD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GNDPA CLK20 B1/CB1IN G1/Y1IN FFOE R1/CR1IN FFRE B2/CB2IN FFRSTW G2/Y2IN FFWE R2/CR2IN FFIE ASGF YCOEQ NC VGAV VSUPCAP TEST VSUPD GNDD GNDCAP RESQ SDA SCL Fig. 4–2: 80-pin PQFP package Micronas 57 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.5. Pin Circuits VSUPF – + VSUPD P VRT ADC Reference Vref ISGND GNDD Fig. 4–8: Pins VRT, ISGND and VREF, AISGND Fig. 4–3: Input pins RESQ, TEST, VGAV, YCOEQ VSUPF V SUPP V SUPD To ADC P P GNDF N N Fig. 4–9: Chroma input CIN GND P Fig. 4–4: Output pins C0–C7, Y0–Y7, FSY, MSY, HC, AVO, VS, INTLC, HS, LLC1, LLC2, CLK20, FFWE, FFIE, FFIE, FFRD, RSTWR VSTBY P N GNDF VSUPD P P N N Fig. 4–10: Output pin CLK5 VSUPF GNDD To ADC Fig. 4–5: Input/Output pin FPDAT GNDF Vin’s VSUPF – + P Fig. 4–11: Input pins VIN1–VIN4, RGB/YCrCb1/2, FB1IN VOUT VREF N GNDF GNDD Fig. 4–6: Output pin VOUT Fig. 4–12: Pins SDA, SCL VSTBY P P 0.5M N N f ECLK GNDF Fig. 4–7: Input/Output Pins XTAL1, XTAL2 58 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6. Electrical Characteristics 4.6.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Max. Unit TA Ambient Operating Temperature – 0 65 °C TS Storage Temperature – –40 125 °C VSUPA/D Supply Voltage, all Supply Inputs –0.3 6 V VI Input Voltage, all Inputs –0.3 VSUPA+0.3 V VO Output Voltage, all Outputs –0.3 VSUPD+0.3 V Stresses beyond those listed in the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the “Recommended Operating Conditions/Characteristics” of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 4.6.2. Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit TA Ambient Operating Temperature – 0 – 65 °C VSUP Supply Voltages, all analog Supply Pins 4.75 5.0 5.25 V VSUPD Supply Voltages, all digital Supply Pins 3.15 3.3 3.45 V fXTAL Clock Frequency – 20.25 – MHz Micronas XTAL1/2 59 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6.3. Recommended Crystal Characteristics Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit TA Operating Ambient Temperature 0 – 65 °C fP Parallel Resonance Frequency with Load Capacitance CL = 13 pF – 20.250000 – MHz ∆fP/fP Accuracy of Adjustment – – ±20 ppm ∆fP/fP Frequency Temperature Drift – – ±30 ppm RR Series Resistance – – 25 Ω C0 Shunt Capacitance 3 – 7 pF C1 Motional Capacitance 20 – 30 fF – 3.3 – pF Load Capacitance Recommendation CLext External Load Capacitance 1) from pins to Ground (pin names: Xtal1 Xtal2) DCO Characteristics 2,3) CICLoadmin Effective Load Capacitance @ min. DCO–Position, Code 0, package: 68PLCC 3 4.3 5.5 pF CICLoadrng Effective Load Capacitance Range, DCO Codes from 0..255 11 12.7 15 pF 1) Remarks on defining the External Load Capacitance: External capacitors at each crystal pin to ground are required. They are necessary to tune the effective load capacitance of the PCBs to the required load capacitance CL of the crystal. The higher the capacitors, the lower the clock frequency results. The nominal free running frequency should match fp MHz. Due to different layouts of customer PCBs the matching capacitor size should be determined in the application. The suggested value is a figure based on experience with various PCB layouts. Tuning condition: Code DVCO Register=–720 2) Remarks on Pulling Range of DCO: The pulling range of the DCO is a function of the used crystal and effective load capacitance of the IC (CICLoad +CLoadBoard). The resulting frequency fL with an effective load capacitance of CLeff = CICLoad + CLoadBoard is: 1 + 0.5 * [ C1 / (C0 + CL) ] fL = fP * _______________________ 1 + 0.5 * [ C1 / (C0 + CLeff) ] 3) Remarks on DCO codes The DCO hardware register has 8 bits, the fp control register uses a range of –2048...2047 60 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6.4. Characteristics at TA = 0 to 65 °C, VSUPF = 4.75 to 5.25 V, VSUPD = 3.15 to 3.45V f = 20.25 MHz for min./max. values at TC = 60 °C, VSUPF = 5 V, VSUPD = 3.3 V f = 20.25 MHz for typical values Symbol Parameter PTOT Total Power Dissipation IVSUPA Current Consumption IVSUPD Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit – tbd 1.4 W VSUPF – tbd 160 mA Current Consumption VSUPD – tbd 190 mA IVSTDBY Current Consumption VSTDBY – 1 – mA IL Input / Output Leakage Current All I/O Pins –1 – 1 µA 4.6.4.1. Characteristics, 5 MHz Clock Output Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions VOL Output Low Voltage CLK5 – – 0.4 V IOL = 0.4 mA VOH Output High Voltage 4.0 – V– STDBY V –IOL = 0.9 mA tOT Output Transition Time – 50 – ns CLOAD = 30 pF 4.6.4.2. Characteristics, 20 MHz Clock Input/Output, External Clock Input (XTAL1) Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions VDCAV DC Average CLK20 VSUPD/2 – 0.3 VSUPD/2 VSUPD/2 + 0.3 V CLOAD = 30 pF VPP VOUT Peak to Peak VSUPD/2 – 0.3 VSUPD/2 VSUPD/2 + 0.3 V CLOAD = 30 pF tOT Output Transition Time – – 18 ns CLOAD = 30 pF VIT Input Trigger Level 2.1 2.5 2.9 V only for test purposes VI Clock Input Voltage 1.3 – – VPP capacitive coupling used, XTAL2 open XTAL1 4.6.4.3. Characteristics, Reset Input, Test Input, VGAV Input, YCOEQ Input Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit VIL Input Low Voltage – – 0.8 V VIH Input High Voltage RESQ TEST VGAV YCOEQ 2.0 – – V Micronas Test Conditions 61 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6.4.4. Characteristics, Power-up Sequence Symbol Parameter tVdel tVrmpl Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Ramp Up Difference of Supplies tbd – tbd ms Transition Time of Supplies − – 50 ms Test Conditions tVrmp 0.9 * VSUPAI VSUPF time / ms tVdel 0.9 * VSUPD VSTBY time / ms max. 1ms (maximum guaranteed start-up time) LLC time / ms RESQ min. 1ms 0.8 * VSUPD time / ms max. 0.05ms SDA/SCL I2C-cycles invalid time / ms Fig. 4–13: Power-Up sequence 62 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6.4.5. Characteristics, FPDAT Input/Output Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions VOL Output Low Voltage FPDAT – – 0.5 V IOL = 4.0 mA tOH Output Hold Time 6 – – ns tODL Output Delay Time – – 35 ns VIL Input Low Voltage – – 0.8 V VIH Input High Voltage 1.5 – – V tIS Input Setup Time 7 – – ns tIH Input Hold Time 5 – – ns CL Load capacitance – 40 pF CL = 40 pF 4.6.4.6. Characteristics, I2C Bus Interface Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit VIL Input Low Voltage SDA, SCL – – 1.0 V VIH Input High Voltage 2.0 – – V VOL Output Low Voltage – – 0.4 0.6 V V VIH Input Capacitance – – 5 pF tF Signal Fall Time – – 300 ns CL = 400 pF tR Signal Rise Time – – 300 ns CL = 400 pF fSCL Clock Frequency 0 – 400 kHz tLOW Low Period of SCL 1.3 – – µs tHIGH High Period of SCL 0.6 – – µs tSU Data Data Set Up Time to SCL high 100 – – ns tHD Data DATA Hold Time to SCL low 0 – 0.9 µs Micronas SCL SDA Test Conditions Il = 3 mA Il = 6 mA 63 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6.4.7. Characteristics, Analog Video and Component Inputs Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit VVIN Analog Input Voltage VIN1, VIN2 VIN3, VIN4 CIN R1/CR1IN G1/Y1IN B1/CB1IN R2/CR2IN G2/Y2IN B2/CB2IN 0 – 3.5 V CCP Input Coupling Capacitor Video Inputs VIN1, VIN2 VIN3, VIN4 – 680 – nF CCP Input Coupling Capacitor Chroma Input CIN – 1 – nF CCP Input Coupling Capacitor Component Input R1/CR1IN G1/Y1IN B1/CB1IN R2/CR2IN G2/Y2IN B2/CB2IN – 220 – nF Test Conditions 4.6.4.8. Characteristics, Analog Front-End and ADCs Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions VVRT Reference Voltage Top VRT VREF 2.4 2.5 2.6 V 10 µF/10 nF, 1 GΩ Probe RVIN Input Resistance 1 MΩ Code Clamp–DAC=0 CVIN Input Capacitance VIN1 VIN2 VIN3 VIN4 VVIN Full Scale Input Voltage 1.8 VVIN Full Scale Input Voltage VIN1 VIN2 VIN3 VIN4 0.5 AGC AGC step width DNLAGC AGC Differential Non-Linearity VVINCL Input Clamping Level, CVBS QCL Clamping DAC Resolution ICL–LSB Input Clamping Current per step DNLICL Clamping DAC Differential NonLinearity Luma – Path 64 4.5 pF 2.0 2.2 VPP min. AGC Gain 0.6 0.7 VPP max. AGC Gain dB 6-Bit Resolution= 64 Steps fsig=1MHz, – 2 dBr of max. AGC–Gain 0.166 ±0.5 VIN1 VIN2 VIN3 VIN4 1.0 –16 0.7 1.0 LSB V Binary Level = 64 LSB min. AGC Gain 15 steps 1.3 µA 5 Bit – I–DAC, bipolar VVIN=1.5 V ±0.5 LSB Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit RCIN Input Resistance SVHS Chroma CIN VIN1 1.4 2.0 2.6 kΩ VCIN Full Scale Input Voltage, Chroma 1.08 1.2 1.32 VPP VCINDC Input Bias Level, SVHS Chroma – 1.5 – V Test Conditions Chroma – Path Binary Code for Open Chroma Input 128 Component – Path RVIN Input Resistance CVIN Input Capacitance VVIN Full Scale Input Voltage VVIN Full Scale Input Voltage VVINCL Input Clamping Level RGB, Y VVINCL R1/CR1IN G1/Y1IN B1/CB1IN R2/CR2IN G2/Y2IN B2/CB2IN 1 MΩ 4.5 pF Code Clamp–DAC=0 0.85 1.0 1.1 VPP min. Gain (XAR=-0) 1.2 1.4 1.6 VPP max. Gain (XAR=-1) 1.06 V Binary Level = 16 LSB XAR=-0 Input Clamping Level Cr, Cb 1.5 V Binary Level = 128 LSB XAR=-0 Gain Match 2.0 tbd % Full Scale at 1 MHz, XAR=-0 31 steps 1.11 µA 6 Bit – I–DAC, bipolar VVIN=1.5 V ±0.5 LSB QCL Clamping DAC Resolution –32 ICL–LSB Input Clamping Current per step 0.59 DNLICL Clamping DAC Differential NonLinearity 0.85 Dynamic Characteristics for all Video-Paths (Luma + Chroma) and Component-Paths BW Bandwidth XTALK Crosstalk, any Two Video Inputs THD Total Harmonic Distortion SINAD Signal to Noise and Distortion Ratio INL Integral Non-Linearity DNL VIN1 VIN2 VIN3 VIN4 R1/CR1IN G1/Y1IN B1/CB1IN R2/CR2IN G2/Y2IN B2/CB2IN 8 10 MHz –2 dBr input signal level –56 −tbd dB 1 MHz, –2 dBr signal level −50 −tbd dB 1 MHz, 5 harmonics, –2 dBr signal level dB 1 MHz, all outputs, –2 dBr signal level ±1tbd LSB Code Density, DC-ramp Differential Non-Linearity ±0.8 LSB DG Differential Gain ±3 % DP Differential Phase 1.5 deg Micronas tbd 45 –12 dBr, 4.4 MHz signal on DC-ramp 65 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD Symbol Parameter ADVANCE INFORMATION Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions Out: VOUT In: VIN1 VIN2 VIN3 VIN4 1.7 2.0 2.3 VPP VIN = 1 VPP, AGC= 0 dB dB 3 Bit Resolution=7 Steps 3 MSB’s of main AGC Analog Video Output VOUT Output Voltage AGCVOUT AGC step width, VOUT DNLAGC AGC Differential Non-Linearity VOUTDC DC-level BW VOUT Bandwidth THD VOUT Total Harmonic Distortion CLVOUT Load Capacitance ILVOUT Output Current 1.333 ±0.5 8 VOUT LSB 1 V clamped to Back porch 10 MHz Input: –2 dBr of main ADC range, CL≤10 pF –40 dB Input: –2 dBr of main ADC range, CL≤10 pF 1 MHz, 5 Harmonics – – 10 pF – – ±0.1 mA Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions MΩ Code Clamp–DAC=0 4.6.4.9. Characteristics, Analog FB Input Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. RFBIN Input Resistance FB1IN 1 VFBIN Full Scale Input Voltage 0.85 1.0 1.1 VPP Threshold for FB-Monitor 0.5 0.65 0.8 VPP BW Bandwidth 8 10 THD Total Harmonic Distortion SINAD Signal to Noise and Distortion Ratio INL Integral Non-Linearity 0.3 DNL Differential Non-Linearity 0.2 66 −50 tbd MHz –2 dBr input signal level dB 1 MHz, 5 harmonics, –2 dBr signal level dB 1 MHz, all outputs, –2 dBr signal level ±1 LSB Code Density, DC-ramp ±0.8 LSB tbd 37 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6.4.10. Characteristics, Output Pin Specification Output Specification for SYNC, CONTROL, and DATA Pins: Y[7:0], C[7:0], AVO, HS, HC, INTLC, VS, FSY, FFIE, FFWE, FFOE, FFRD, FFRSTWR Symbol Parameter VOL Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions Output Low Voltage – – 0.4 V Cload =50pF VOH Output High Voltage 2.4 – – V Cload =50pF tOH Output Hold Time 20 – – ns LLC1=13.5MHz tOD Output Delay Time – – 52 ns LLC1=13.5MHz tOH Output Hold Time 10 – – ns LLC2=27.0MHz tOD Output Delay Time – – 26 ns LLC2=27.0MHz CL Load Capacitance – – 50 pF CLK20 20.25 MHz in case of DIGIT3000 mode 2.0 V tR, tF ≤ 5 ns 0.8 V LLC1 13.5 MHz in case of LLC Mode VOH Output Data valid Data valid VOL tOH tOD Fig. 4–14: Sync, control, and data outputs Micronas 67 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION write address point disable disable N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 N+5 disable N+6 N+7 N+8 N+9 N+10 N+11 N+10 N+11 SWCK FFWE FFIE D0-D11 N+1 N+2 N+7 N+8 Fig. 4–15: Field memory write cycle timing read address point disable disable N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 N+5 disable N+6 N+7 N+8 N+9 SRCK FFRE FFOE D0-D11 Hi-z N+1 N+2 Hi-z N+7 N+8 Hi-z Fig. 4–16: Field memory read cycle timing 68 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6.4.11. Characteristics, Input Pin Specification Input Specification for SYNC, CONTROL, and DATA Pin: MSY (DIGIT3000 mode only) Symbol Parameter VIL Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Input Low Voltage – – 0.8 V VIH Input High Voltage 1.5 – – V tIS Input Setup Time 7 – – ns tIH Input Hold Time 5 – – ns Test Conditions CLK20 20.25 MHz in case of DIGIT3000 Mode VIH Input Data valid tIS tIH VIL 2.0 V tR, tF ≤ 5ns 0.8 V LLC1 13.5 MHz in case of LLC Mode VIH Input Data valid tIS tIH VIL Fig. 4–17: Sync, control, and data inputs Micronas 69 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.6.4.12. Characteristics, Clock Output Specification Line-Locked Clock Pins: LLC1, LLC2 Symbol Parameter CL Load capacitance Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit – – 50 pF Test Conditions 13.5 MHz Line Locked Clock 1/T13 LLC1 Clock Frequency 12.5 – 14.5 MHz tWL13 LLC1 Clock Low Time 22 – – ns CL = 30 pF tWH13 LLC1 Clock High Time 25 – – ns CL = 30 pF 1/T27 LLC2 Clock Frequency 25 – 29 MHz tWL27 LLC2 Clock Low Time 5 – – ns CL = 30 pF tWH27 LLC2 Clock High Time 10 – – ns CL = 30 pF 17.2 MHz 19.4 MHz 16 MHz Line Locked Clock 1/T13 LLC1 Clock Frequency 14.8 – 18 MHz Line Locked Clock 1/T13 LLC1 Clock Frequency 16.6 – common timings – all modes tSK Clock Skew 0 – 4 ns tR, tF Clock Rise/Fall TimeClock – – 5 ns LLC1=13.5MHz, CL = 30 pF tR, tF Clock Rise/Fall TimeClock – – 10 ns LLC2=27.0MHz, CL = 30 pF VIL Input Low Voltage – – 0.8 V VIH Input High Voltage 2.0 – – V VOL Output Low Voltage – – 0.4 V IL = 2 mA VOH Output High Voltage 2.4 – – V IH = –2 mA T13 tWH13 tWL13 VIH LLC1 (13.5 MHz ±7%) VIL tF tR tSK tSK tWL27 tWH27 T27 VIH LLC2 (27 MHz ±7%) VIL tR tF Fig. 4–18: Line-locked clock output pins 70 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION VPC 32xxD 5. Application Circuit Micronas 71 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 5.1. Application Note: VGA mode with VPC 3215C In 100 Hz TV applications it can be desirable to display a VGA-signal on the TV. In this case a VGA-graphic card delivers the H, V and RGB signals. These signals can be feed "directly" to the backend signal processing. The VPC can generate a stable line locked clock for the 100 Hz system in relation to the VGA sync signals. While the V-sync is connected to the VGAV pin directly, the H-sync has to be pulse-shaped and amplitude adjusted until it is connected to one of the video input pins of the VPC. The recommended circuitry to filter the H sync is given in the figure below. +5V analog 100 Ω 47pF 1kΩ 680 nF Video Input VPC 270 Ω 540 Ω H 31kHz BC848B 1N4148 2kΩ 1N4148 GND analog GND analog Fig. 5–1: Application circuit for horizontal VGA-input 72 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 5.2. Application Note: PIP Mode Programming 5.2.1. Procedure to Program a PIP Mode For the VPCpip or VPCsingle: For the VPCpip or VPCsingle: 12. write the register PIPOPER to start filling a inset picture with live video. 1. set the scaler according to the PIP size to be used (see Table 2–11). 2. write the registers VPCMODE and PIPMODE according to the mode to be set. 3. in expert mode write the registers NLIN, NPIX and NPFB. 4. write the registers COLBGD, COLFR1, COLFR2, HSTR and VSTR, if a different value as the default one is used. 5. write the registers LINOFFS and PIXOFFS, if a different value as the default one or more than 4 inset pictures in the X or Y direction are used. 6. write the register PIPOPER to fill the frame and background of an inset picture. This step is repeated for all inset pictures in a multi PIP application. For the VPCmain: 7. set the scaler to get a full size video (see Table 2–11). 8. write the registers VPCMODE and PIPMODE according to the mode to be set. 9. in expert mode write the registers NLIN, NPIX and NPFB. 13. Only for tuner scanning: write the register PIPOPER to stop filling a inset picture with live video and changing the channel. 14. repeat steps 12 and 13 for all inset pictures in a multi PIP application. 15. Only for VPCsingle: write the register PIPOPER to start filling the main picture part outside the inset picture(s) with live video. For the VPCmain: 16. write the registers HSTR and VSTR, if the PIP position should be changed. 17. write the register PIPOPER, to quit the PIP mode. In an application with a single VPC, step 7 - 11 and 16 - 17 are dropped. Additionally, the free running mode should be set in the cases shown in Table 2–12. 5.2.2. I2C Registers Programming for PIP Control To program a PIP mode, the register VPCMODE, PIPMODE and PIPOPER should be written always, all other registers are used only in the expert mode or if the default values are modified (see Table 5–1). 10. write the registers COLBGD, HSTR and VSTR, if a different value as the default one is used. 11. write the register PIPOPER to start displaying PIP. Table 5–1: I2C register programing for PIP control I2C register update VPCMODE, PIPMODE, PIPOPER should be written always COLBGD, COLFR1, COLFR2, HSTR, VSTR should be written only, if the default values have to be modified LINOFFS, PIXOFFS VPCpip VPCmain VPCsingle only used in expert mode, when more than 4 inset pictures in the X or Y direction are used. not used. only used if a different value as the default one or more than 4 inset pictures in the X or Y direction are used NLIN, NPIX, NPFB Micronas should be written, only in the expert mode. (In the predefined modes the default values are used.) 73 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 5–2: Limits of the I2C register settings for programming a PIP mode I2C register VPCmain VPCpip and VPCsingle NPFB NPFB ≥ NPIXmain + X, (X=2 for TI and X=0 for rest field memories) and NPFB x NLINmain ≤ total field memory size NPIX 0 < NPIX ≤ NPFB - X and 0 < NPIX ≤ NPELfp 0 < NPIX ≤ NPELsp NLIN NPFB x NLIN ≤ total field memory size and 0 ≤ NLIN < NROWfp 0 ≤ NLIN < NROWsp HSTR 0 ≤ HSTR < NPELfp - NPIXmain 0 ≤ HSTR < NPELsp - NPIXPIP VSTR 0 ≤ VSTR < NLINfp - NLINmain 0 ≤ VSTR < NLINsp - NLINPIP PIXOFFS not used 0 ≤ PIXOFFS < NPIXmain - (number of pixels of inset pictures to the right of PIXOFFS) LINOFFS not used 0 ≤ LINOFFS < NLINmain - (number of lines of inset pictures below LINOFFS) Notes: - NPIXmain and NLINmain: correspond to VPCmain - NPIXPIP and NLINPIP: correspond to VPCsingle and VPCpip - NROWfp and NPELfp: number of lines per field and number of pixels per line of a full picture (e.g. NROWfp=288, NPELfp= 720 for PAL at 13.5 MHz) - NROWsp and NPELsp: number of lines per field and number of pixels per line of a inset picture The limits of the I2C register settings are given in Table 5–2. No range check and value limitation are carried out in the field memory controller. An illegal setting of these parameters leads to a error behavior of the PIP function. The PIP display is controlled by the commands written into the register PIPOPER. For the VPCmain, the PIP display is turned on or off by the commends DISSTART and DISSTOP. For the VPCpip and VPCsingle, 8 commands are available: – WRFRCOL1, WRFRCOL2: to fill the frame of a inset picture with the color COLFR1 or COLFR2, – WRBGD, WRBGDNF: to fill a inset picture with the background color COLBGD, – WRPIC, WRPICNF, WRSTOP: to start and stop to write a inset picture with the active video, – WRMAIN: to start write the main picture part outside the inset picture(s) with the active video (only for VPCsingle). While WRPIC, WRSTOP, WRFRCOL1, WRFRCOL2 and WRBGD control a display with a frame (see Fig. 5–2), WRPICNF and WRBGDNF control a display without a frame (see Fig. 5–3). The number of the inset picture addressed by the current commend is given by bits NSPX and NSPY in the register PIPOPER. maximal 4x4 inset pictures are used, no new setting of these registers is needed. The default setting LINOFFS=0 and PIXOFFS=0 takes effect. If more than 4x4 inset pictures are involved in a PIP application, these inset pictures should be grouped, so that the inset pictures in each group can be addressed by bits NSPX and NSPY. For writing each group, the registers LINOFFS and PIXOFFS should be set correctly (see Fig.5–4). (LINOFFS, PIXOFFS) 00 01 NSPX 10 11 00 01 NSPY 10 11 display window Fig. 5–2: 4x4 inset pictures with frame In the display window, the coordinate of the upper-left corner of the inset picture with NSPX=0 and NSPY=0 is defined by the registers LINOFFS and PIXOFFS. If 74 Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 5.2.3.2. Select a Strobe Effect in Expert Mode (LINOFFS, PIXOFFS) 00 01 NSPX 10 11 P1 00 P2 01 P3 NSPY 10 P4 display window Fig. 5–3: 4x4 inset pictures without frame 5.2.3. Examples 5.2.3.1. Select Predefined Mode 2 Scaler settings for VPCpip: SCINC1 = h’600 FFLIM = h’168 NEWLIN = h’194 AVSTRT = h’86 AVSTOP = h’356 SC_PIP = h’11 SC_BRI = h’110 SC_CT = h’30 SC_MODE = h’00 (for S411=0) PIP controller settings to start PIP display: For the VPCpip: VPCMODE = h’01 PIPMODE = h’02 PIPOPER = h’c0 (write the background) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a0 (write the frame) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’80 (start writing PIP) After that the PIP position can be changed via HSTR and VSTR registers. e.g. HSTR = h’03 For the VPCmain: VPCMODE = h’05 PIPMODE = h’02 PIPOPER = h’80 (start display PIP) PIP controller settings to stop PIP display: For the VPCmain: PIPOPER = h’90 (stop display PIP) Micronas LINOFFS P5 11 P6 Fig. 5–4: Example of the expert mode Scaler settings for VPCpip: SCINC1 = h’480 FFLIM = h’78 NEWLIN = h’194 AVSTRT = h’86 AVSTOP = h’356 SC_PIP = h’1f SC_BRI = h’310 SC_CT = h’30 SC_MODE = h’00 (for S411=0) PIP controller settings to show a strobe effect: For the VPCpip: VPCMODE = h’01 PIPMODE = h’0f VSTR = h’202 HSTR = h’101 NPIX = h’1c NLIN = h’2c NPFB = h’132 PIPOPER = h’c0 (write the background of P1) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a0 (write the frame of P1) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’80 (start writing PIP of P1) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’c4 (write the background of P2) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a4 (write the frame of P2) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’84 (start writing PIP of P2) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’c8 (write the background of P3) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a8 (write the frame of P3) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’88 (start writing PIP of P3) 75 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPMODE = h’06 PIPOPER = h’cc (write the background of P4) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’ac (write the frame of P4) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’8c (start writing PIP of P4) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’c0 (write the background of P1) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a0 (write the frame of P1) wait until NEWCMD = 0 LINOFFS = h’2b8 PIPOPER = h’c0 (write the background of P5) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a0 (write the frame of P5) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’80 (start writing PIP of P5) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’c4 (write the background of P6) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a4 (write the frame of P6) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’84 (start writing PIP of P6) For the VPCmain: VPCMODE = h’05 PIPMODE = h’0f VSTR = h’201 HSTR = h’193 NPIX = h’1e NLIN = h’116 NPFB = h’132 PIPOPER = h’80 (start display PIP) PIP controller settings to stop PIP display: For the VPCmain: PIPOPER = h’90 (stop display PIP) 5.2.3.3. Select Predefined Mode 6 for Tuner Scanning Scaler settings for VPCpip: SCINC1 = h’600 FFLIM = h’168 NEWLIN = h’194 AVSTRT = h’86 AVSTOP = h’356 SC_PIP = h’11 SC_BRI = h’110 SC_CT = h’30 SC_MODE = h’00 (for S411=0) PIPOPER = h’c1 (write the background of P2) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a1 (write the frame of P2) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’c4 (write the background of P3) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a4 (write the frame of P3) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’c5 (write the background of P4) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’a5 (write the frame of P4) wait until NEWCMD = 0 For the VPCmain: VPCMODE = h’05 PIPMODE = h’46 PIPOPER = h’80 (start display multi PIP) For the VPCpip: tune a channel PIPOPER = h’80 (start writing PIP of P1) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’90 (stop writing PIP of P1) wait until NEWCMD = 0 tune an other channel PIPOPER = h’81 (start writing PIP of P2) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’91 (stop writing PIP of P2) wait until NEWCMD = 0 tune an other channel PIPOPER = h’84 (start writing PIP of P3) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’94 (stop writing PIP of P3) wait until NEWCMD = 0 tune an other channel PIPOPER = h’85 (start writing PIP of P4) wait until NEWCMD = 0 PIPOPER = h’95 (stop writing PIP of P4) wait until NEWCMD = 0 The tuning and writing of the four inset pictures are repeated. PIP controller settings to stop tuner scanning: PIP controller settings for tuner scanning: For the VPCmain: PIPOPER = h’90 (stop display PIP) For the VPCpip: VPCMODE = h’01 76 Micronas ADVANCE INFORMATION Micronas VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD 77 VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD ADVANCE INFORMATION 6. Data Sheet History 1. Advance Information: “VPC 323xD, VPC 324xD Comb Filter Video Processor, Jan. 19, 1999, 6251-472-1AI. First release of the advance information. Micronas GmbH Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 D-79108 Freiburg (Germany) P.O. Box 840 D-79008 Freiburg (Germany) Tel. +49-761-517-0 Fax +49-761-517-2174 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.micronas.com Printed in Germany Order No. 6251-472-1AI 78 All information and data contained in this data sheet are without any commitment, are not to be considered as an offer for conclusion of a contract, nor shall they be construed as to create any liability. Any new issue of this data sheet invalidates previous issues. Product availability and delivery are exclusively subject to our respective order confirmation form; the same applies to orders based on development samples delivered. By this publication, Micronas GmbH does not assume responsibility for patent infringements or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Further, Micronas GmbH reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes to its content, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted without the express written consent of Micronas GmbH. Micronas