HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Typical Applications Features Broadband Single-Ended RF Input The HMC1020LP4E is ideal for: ±1 dB Detection Accuracy to 3.9 GHz • Log –> Root-Mean-Square (RMS) Conversion Input Dynamic Range: -65 dBm to +7 dBm • Tx/Rx Signal Strength Indication (TSSI/RSSI) RF Signal Wave Shape & Crest Factor Independent • RF Power Amplifier Efficiency Control Digitally Programmable Integration Bandwidth • Receiver Automatic Gain Control Excellent Temperature Stability • Transmitter Power Control Power-Down Mode Power Detectors - SMT 11 24 Lead 4x4mm SMT Package: 16mm² Functional Diagram General Descriptions The HMC1020LP4E Power Detector is designed for RF power measurement and control applications for frequencies up to 3.9 GHz. The detector provides an accurate RMS representation of any broadband, single-ended RF/IF input signal. The output is a temperature compensated, monotonic representation of real signal power, measured with an input sensing range of 72 dB. The HMC1020LP4E is ideally suited to those wide bandwidth, wide dynamic range applications requiring repeatable measurement of real signal power, especially where RF/IF wave shape and/or crest factor change with time. The integration bandwidth of the HMC1020LP4E is digitally programmable with the use of input pins SCI1-4 over a range of more than 3 decades. This allows the user to dynamically set the operation bandwidth and also permits the detection of different types of modulations on the same platform. HMC1020LP4E features an internal op-amp at the output stage, which provides for slope / intercept adjustments and enables controller application. Electrical Specifications I TA = +25 °C, Vcc = 5V, Sci4 = Sci1 = 0V, Sci3 = Sci2 = 5V, Unless Otherwise Noted Parameter Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Units 100 900 1900 2200 2700 3500 3900 MHz 72 72 71 70 66 58 53 dB Dynamic Range (±1dB Error) [1] Input Frequency Single Ended Input Configuration Deviation vs Temperature: (Over full temperature range -40 °C to 85 °C). Deviation is measured from reference, which is the same WCDMA input at 25 °C. 1 dB [1] With WCDMA 4 Carrier (TMI1-64 DPCH) 11 - 1 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Electrical Specifications II TA = +25 °C, Vcc = 5V, Sci4 = Sci1 = 0V, Sci3 = Sci2 = 5V, Unless Otherwise Noted Parameter Input Frequency Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Units 100 900 1900 2200 2700 3500 3900 MHz Modulation Deviation (Output deviation from reference, which is measured with CW input at equivalent input signal power) WCDMA 4 Carrier (TM1-64 DPCH) at +25 °C 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 dB WCDMA 4 Carrier (TM1-64 DPCH) at +85 °C 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 dB WCDMA 4 Carrier (TM1-64 DPCH) at -40 °C 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 dB Logarithmic Slope 35.0 35.2 36.0 36.6 37.9 41.5 44.4 mV/dB Logarithmic Intercept Logarithmic Slope and Intercept [1] -68.2 -67.9 -66.5 -65.6 -63.6 -58.7 -55.3 dBm Max. Input Power at ±1dB Error 7 7 7 7 5 2 0 dBm Min. Input Power at ±1dB Error -65 -65 -64 -63 -61 -56 -53 dBm 11 RMSOUT vs. Pin with Different Modulations @ 1900 MHz [1] RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with Different Modulations @ 1900 MHz [1] 4 3 3 Ideal CW WCDMA 4 carriers WCDMA1 CDMA2000 LTEDW 2 CW WCDMA 4 carriers WCDMA1 CDMA2000 LTEDW 2 ERROR (dB) RMSOUT (V) 2.5 1.5 1 1 0 -1 -2 0.5 -3 -4 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) -10 0 10 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) power detectors - SMT [1] With WCDMA 4 Carrier (TM1-64 DPCH) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 2 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Electrical Specifications III TA = +25 °C, Vcc = 5V, Sci4 = Sci1 = 0V, Sci3 = Sci2 = 5V, Unless Otherwise Noted Parameter Conditions Min Typ. Max Units Single-Ended Input Configuration Input Network Return Loss Input Resistance between INP and INN Input Voltage Range up to 3.9 GHz > 15 Between pins 3 and 4 100 AC coupled peak voltage at INP dB Ω 0.85 V RMSOUT Output Output Voltage Range 0.13 to 2.7 V RMSOUT held at VCC/2 8 / -0.55 mA Sci4=Sci3=Sci2=Sci1=0V, Cofs=1nF 24 / 1.9 10 6 V/s For control applications with nominal slope/intercept settings 0.13 to 2.7 V 5 MΩ Source/Sink Current Compliance Power Detectors - SMT 11 11 - 3 Output Slew Rate (rise / fall) VSET Input (Negative Feedback Terminal) Input Voltage Range Input Resistance SCI1-4 Inputs, ENX Logic Input (Power Down Control) Input High Voltage 0.7xVCC V Input Low Voltage 0.3xVCC V Input High Current 1 μA Input Low Current 1 μA Input Capacitance 0.5 pf Power Supply Supply Voltage 4.5 5 5.5 V Supply Current with no input power 55 mA Supply Current with Pin = -20dBm 58 mA Standby Mode Supply Current 5 mA For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 100 MHz [1][2] 4 3 2.8 2 2.4 2 1 2 1 1.6 0 1.6 0 1.2 -1 1.2 -1 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 2.4 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C 0.4 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -2 0.8 -3 0.4 -4 0 -70 10 -4 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 2200 MHz [1][2] 3 2.8 2 2.4 2 1 2 1 1.6 0 1.6 0 1.2 -1 1.2 -1 0.8 -2 0.8 -3 0.4 -4 0 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 2.4 0.4 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -70 4 3 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 2 -2 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C -3 -4 -60 -50 INPUT POWER (dBm) -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 2700 MHz [1][2] RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 3500 MHz [1][2] 3 2.8 2 2.4 2 1 2 1 1.6 0 1.6 0 1.2 -1 1.2 -1 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 2.4 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C 0.4 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) -10 0 -2 0.8 -3 0.4 -4 0 10 -70 4 3 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 2 ERROR (dB) 0.8 RMSOUT (V) 3.2 ERROR (dB) 4 3.2 2.8 ERROR (dB) Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C RMSOUT (V) 3.2 ERROR (dB) 4 3.2 2.8 11 -3 INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 1900 MHz [1][2] RMSOUT (V) -2 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT (V) 2 ERROR (dB) 0.8 3 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C power detectors - SMT 2.8 RMSOUT (V) 3.2 ERROR (dB) 4 3.2 RMSOUT (V) RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 900 MHz [1][2] -2 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C -3 -4 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 [2] WCDMA 4 carriers input waveform For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 4 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 3900 MHz [1][2] 4 2.8 3 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 2 1 1.6 0 1.2 -1 0.8 11 -2 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C 0.4 -55 2 ERROR (dB) RMSOUT (V) 2.4 -50 INTERCEPT (dBm) 3.2 Intercept vs. Frequency [1][2] -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -70 -80 -4 -70 -65 -75 -3 0 +25C +85C -40C -60 10 0 1000 4000 3 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 2.5 RMSOUT (V) 45 SLOPE (mV/dB) 3000 RMSOUT vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +25 °C [1] [1][2] 50 +25C +85C -40C 40 2 1.5 1 35 0.5 30 0 1000 2000 3000 0 -70 4000 -60 -50 RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +25 °C [1] 3 3 2 2 ERROR (dB) 4 1 0 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz -2 -3 -4 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) -30 -20 -10 0 10 RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +85 °C wrt +25 °C Response [1] 4 -1 -40 INPUT POWER (dBm) FREQUENCY (MHz) ERROR (dB) Power Detectors - SMT INPUT POWER (dBm) Slope vs. Frequency 2000 FREQUENCY (MHz) -10 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 10 -4 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 [2] WCDMA 4 carriers input waveform 11 - 5 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ -40 °C wrt +25 °C Response [1] RMSOUT vs. Pin with CW @ +25 °C [1] 3 4 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz ERROR (dB) 2 1 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 2.5 RMSOUT (V) 3 0 -1 2 1.5 1 -2 0.5 -3 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 -70 10 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with CW @ +25 °C [1] RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & +25 °C [1] 3 4 3 2.5 RMSOUT (V) ERROR (dB) 2 1 0 -1 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2700MHz 2200MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz -2 -3 -4 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 11 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) -10 CW WCDMA 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 -70 10 -60 -50 INPUT POWER (dBm) -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ +25 °C [1] RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & +85 °C [1] 1 power detectors - SMT -4 -70 3 0.8 2.5 0.6 RMSOUT (V) ERROR (dB) 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) CW WCDMA 2 1.5 1 0.5 -10 0 10 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 6 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ +85 °C [1] RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & -40 °C [1] 3 1 0.8 2.5 0.6 0.2 0 -0.2 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz -0.4 -0.6 11 RMSOUT (V) ERROR (dB) 0.4 -0.8 -1 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 CW WCDMA 2 1.5 1 0.5 -10 0 0 -70 10 -60 -50 -40 -20 -10 1 25 3 0.8 2.5 0.6 RMSOUT (V) ERROR (dB) 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 0 15 1.5 10 20 65 10 5 RF ON 0 RF ENABLE VOLTAGE (V) 1.5 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 70 15 RF OFF RF ON RF OFF RF ENABLE 0 -5 -2 25 2 RF OFF RF OFF 0 2 4 6 8 10 Typical Supply Current vs. Pin, Vcc = 5V -20 dBm 0 dBm 1 5 1 TIME (us) 3 RMSOUT 20 0 10 Output Response with SCI = 1100 @ 1900 MHz 2.5 MSOUT 0.5 -10 -20 dBm 0 dBm 2 INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT (V) 10 Output Response with SCI = 0000 @ 1900 MHz Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ -40 °C [1] 0.5 0 60 55 +25C +85C -40C 50 45 RF ENABLE -5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 TIME (ms) 40 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 11 - 7 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] RF ENABLE VOLTAGE (V) Power Detectors - SMT -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Output Ripple & Rise/Fall Time vs. Integration Setting [Sci4,Sci3,Sci2,Sci1] in Decimal Input Return Loss vs. Frequency 0 Output Ripple Peak-Peak (mV) -10 -15 -20 -25 10000 1200 1000 900 100 10 600 Rise Time Fall Time 300 1 2 3 4 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 Integration Setting (in Decimal) power detectors - SMT FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 1 0.1 0 0 Rise Time & Fall Time (us) RETURN LOSS (dB) Ripple with WCDMA1 Ripple with WCDMA4 Ripple with 8 Tone (1kHz seperation) Ripple with 8 Tone (10kHz seperation) 1500 -5 -30 100000 1800 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 8 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Absolute Maximum Ratings Power Detectors - SMT 11 Power Supply Voltage (Vcc) 5.6V Single Ended RF Input Power 10 dBm Single Ended Input Voltage VCC + 0.6V Junction Temperature 125 °C Continuous Pdiss (T = 85°C) (Derate 32.45 mW/°C above 85°C) 1.39 W Thermal Resistance (Rth) (junction to ground paddle) 28.68 °C/W Storage Temperature -65 to +150 °C Operating Temperature -40 to +85 °C ESD Sensitivity (HBM) Class 1B ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE OBSERVE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Outline Drawing NOTES: 1. LEADFRAME MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY 2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES [MILLIMETERS]. 3. LEAD SPACING TOLERANCE IS NON-CUMULATIVE 4. PAD BURR LENGTH SHALL BE 0.15mm MAXIMUM. PAD BURR HEIGHT SHALL BE 0.05mm MAXIMUM. 5. PACKAGE WARP SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.05mm. 6. ALL GROUND LEADS AND GROUND PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB RF GROUND. 7. REFER TO HMC APPLICATION NOTE FOR SUGGESTED PCB LAND PATTERN. Package Information Part Number Package Body Material Lead Finish HMC1020LP4E RoHS-compliant Low Stress Injection Molded Plastic 100% matte Sn MSL Rating MSL1 [2] Package Marking [1] H1020 XXXX [1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX [2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 °C 11 - 9 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Pin Descriptions Function Description 1, 16, 21, 23 Vcc Bias Supply. Connect supply voltage to these pins with appropriate filtering. 2, 5, 6, 8, 11 - 13, 22, 24 Package Base GND Package bottom has an exposed metal paddle that must be connected to RF/DC ground. 3 ,4 INP, INN RF input pins. 7 ENX Disable pin. Connect to GND for normal operation. Applying voltage V>0.8xVcc will initiate power saving mode. Interface Schematic For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 power detectors - SMT Pin Number 11 - 10 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Pin Descriptions (Continued) Pin Number Function Description 9, 10 COFSA, COFSB Input high pass filter capacitor. Connect a capacitor between COFSA and COFSB to determine 3 dB point of input signal high-pass filter. 14 VSET Set input point for controller mode. 15 RMSOUT Logarithmic output that provides an indication of mean square input power. SCI1, SCI2, SCI3, SCI4 Digital input pins that control the internal integration time constant for mean square calculation. SCI4 is the most significant bit. Set V>0.2xVcc to disable. Shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 (1101, 1110 and 1111 SCI settings are forbidden states). Each step changes the integration time by 1 octave. Interface Schematic Power Detectors - SMT 11 11 - 11 17, 18, 19, 20 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Evaluation PCB List of Materials for Evaluation PCB Item Description J1, J2 SMA Connector TP1 - TP9 DC Pin C1, C10, C16 100 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. C2, C5, C11, C17 100 nF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. C3, C4, C6 1000 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. R2, R12 - R15 10K Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. R3 - R5, R9, R10 0 Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. R6, R7 4.7K Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. U1 HMC1020LP4E RMS Power Detector PCB [1] 128683-1 Evaluation PCB [1] Circuit Board Material: Rogers 4350 or Arlon 25FR The circuit board used in the application should use RF circuit design techniques. Signal lines sho-uld have 50 ohm impedance while the package ground leads and exposed paddle should be connected directly to the ground plane similar to that shown. A sufficient number of via holes should be used to connect the top and bottom ground planes. The evaluation circuit board shown is available from Hittite upon request. power detectors - SMT 11 Board is configured with wideband single-ended input interface suitable for input signal frequencies above 100 MHz. Refer to wideband single-ended input interface section in application information for operating with signals below 100 MHz. Evaluation Order Information Item Content Part Number Evaluation PCB HMC1020LP4E Evaluation PCB EVAL01-HMC1020LP4E For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 12 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Application Circuit Power Detectors - SMT 11 11 - 13 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Application Information Principle of Operation The HMC1020LP4E power detector is the optimal solution for monitoring and controlling transmitted and received signal power, measuring the incident RF signal power, and then generating an output signal representing the input power level. The HMC1020LP4E is a monolithic true-RMS detector, which in fact is an analog calculator, designed to measure the actual RMS power of the input signal, independent of the modulated signal waveform complexity or modulation scheme. At the core of an RMS detector is a full-wave rectifier, log/antilog circuit, and an integrator. The RMS output signal is directly proportional to the logarithm of the time-average of VIN2. The bias block also contains temperature compensation circuits which stabilize output accuracy over the entire operating temperature range. The DC offset cancellation circuit actively cancels internal offsets so that even very small input signal levels can be measured accurately. The HMC1020LP4E achieves exceptional RF power measurement accuracy independent of the modulation of the carrier, with the system architecture shown in the block diagram figure. The relation between the HMC1020LP4E’s RMSOUT output and the RF input power is given below: power detectors - SMT 11 PIN = RMSOUT / [log-slope] + [log-intercept], dBm Configuration For The Typical Application The HMC1020LP4E is a logarithmic RMS detector that can be directly driven with a single-ended 50-Ohm RF source. The integrated broadband single-ended input interface of HMC1020LP4E eliminates the requirement for an external balun transformer or a matching network. The HMC1020LP4E can be operated from DC to 3.9 GHz by using only standard DC blocking capacitors. This simple input interface provides cost and PCB area reductions and increases measurement repeatability. The RMS output signal is typically connected to VSET through a resistive network providing a Pin -> RMSOUT transfer characteristic slope of 35.2 mV/dB ( at 900 MHz). However the RMS output can be re-scaled to “magnify” a specific portion of the input sensing range, and to fully utilize the dynamic range of the RMS output. Refer to the section under the “log-slope and intercept” heading for details. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 14 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Due to part-to-part variations in log-slope and log-intercept, a system-level calibration is recommended to satisfy absolute accuracy requirements; refer to the “System Calibration” section for more details. Broadband Single-Ended Input Interface The HMC1020LP4E operates with a single-ended input interface and requires only two external DC blocking capacitors and an external 50 Ohm resistor. The HMC1020LP4E input interface shown below provides a compact, broadband solution. Note that the provided single-ended input interface covers the whole operating spectrum of the HMC1020LP4E and does not require matching/tuning for different frequencies. The performance of the HMC1020LP4E at different frequencies is shown below: RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin 3.2 2.8 2.4 RMSOUT (V) 4 ERR 100MHz ERR 900MHz ERR 1900MHz ERR 2200MHz ERR 2700MHz ERR 3500MHz ERR 3900MHz 3 2 2 1 1.6 0 -1 1.2 LOGOUT 100MHz LOGOUT 900MHz LOGOUT 1900MHz LOGOUT 2200MHz LOGOUT 2700MHz LOGOUT 3500MHz LOGOUT 3900MHz 0.8 0.4 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 ERROR (dB) Power Detectors - SMT 11 -2 -3 -4 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) 11 - 15 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz RMS Output Interface and Transient Response The HMC1020LP4E features digital input pins (SCI1-SCI4) that control the internal integration time constant. Output transient response is determined by the digital integration controls, and output load conditions. Shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 (1101, 1110 and 1111 SCI settings are forbidden states). Table 1: Transient Response vs. SCI Setting [1]: RMSOUT Rise-Time 10% -> 90% (µs) [3] RMSOUT Rise Settling Time (µs) [2] RMSOUT Fall-time 100% -> 10% (µs) [4] Pin = 0 dBm Pin = -20 dBm Pin = -40 dBm Pin = 0 dBm Pin = -20 dBm 0000 0.0686 0.044 0.053 0.509 0010 0.0684 0.05 0.093 0.54 0100 0.076 0.066 0.878 1.956 1.872 2.82 13.5 14.18 14.978 0110 1.624 3.432 4.84 7.8 8.056 8.92 62.9 65.384 69.224 1000 8.6 15.32 23.4 35.52 37.28 40.92 294.64 304.52 317.32 1010 38.6 65.8 109.6 165.2 156 188 1379.4 1423.6 1477.6 1100 186 325 509 802 770 831 6447 6640 6881 SCI4,3,2,1 Pin = -40 dBm Pin = 0 dBm Pin = -20 dBm Pin = -40 dBm 0.504 0.257 0.969 0.975 1 0.524 0.6788 2.98 3.193 3.35 11 power detectors - SMT Using larger values of SCI will narrow the operating bandwidth of the integrator, resulting in a longer averaging time interval and a more filtered output signal. It will also slow the power detector’s transient response. A larger SCI value favors output accuracy over speed. For the fastest possible transient settling times set SCI to 0000. This configuration will operate the integrator at its widest possible bandwidth, resulting in short averaging time-interval and an output signal with little filtering. For most applications an SCI setting may be selected to maintain a balance between speed and accuracy. Furthermore, error performance over modulation bandwidth is dependent on the SCI setting. For example, modulations with relatively low frequency components and high crest factors may require higher SCI (integration) settings. [1] Input signal is 1900 MHz CW -tone switched on and off [2] Measured from RF switching edge to 1dB (input referred) settling of RMSOUT. [3] Measured from 10% to 90% [4] Measured from 100% to 10% For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 16 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Rise Time[1] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power Rise Settling Time[2] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power 10000 100000 -40 dBm -20 dBm 0 dBm 11 100 1000 10 1 100 10 0.1 0.01 -40 dBm -20 dBm 0 dBm 10000 RISE TIME (us) RISE TIME (us) 1000 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.1 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 For increased load drive capability, consider a buffer amplifier on the RMS output. Using an integrating amplifier on the RMS output allows for an alternative treatment for faster settling times. An external amplifier optimized for transient settling can also provide additional RMS filtering, when operating HMC1020LP4E with a lower SCI value. 100000 -40 dBm -20 dBm 0 dBm 10000 1000 100 Following figures show how the peak-to-peak ripple decreases with higher SCI settings along with the RF pulse response over different modulations. 10 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL) Residual Ripple for 900 Mhz WiMAX @ SCI=0100 100 2 1.8 80 1.6 60 1.6 60 1.4 40 1.2 20 0 1 0.8 -20 0.6 -40 0.4 -60 RMSOUT SCI = 0000 SCI = 0100 0.2 1.4 RMSOUT (V) RF INPUT -80 -100 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 TIME (us) RF INPUT 1.2 40 20 0 1 0.8 -20 0.6 -40 0.4 RMSOUT -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0110 0.2 -80 -100 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 TIME (us) [1] Measured from 10% to 90% [2] Measured from RF switching edge to 1dB (input referred) settling of RMSOUT. [3] Measured from 100% to 10% For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) 1.8 80 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) RMSOUT (V) Residual Ripple for 900 Mhz WiMAX @ SCI=0110 100 2 11 - 17 12 INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL) Fall Time[1] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power FALL TIME (us) Power Detectors - SMT INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL) HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Residual Ripple for 900 Mhz WiBRO @ SCI=0100 Residual Ripple for 900 Mhz WiBRO @ SCI=0110 100 100 2 1.8 80 1.6 60 1.6 60 1.4 40 1.2 20 0 1 0.8 -20 0.6 -40 0.4 -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0100 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 0.8 -20 0.6 -40 RMSOUT 5 -100 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Residual Ripple for 900 Mhz LTE Downlink @ SCI=0110 2.2 2 2 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 RMSOUT (V) RMSOUT (V) 2.5 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0100 0.2 0 0.1 0.2 11 TIME (ms) 2.2 0.3 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0110 0.2 0.4 0 0.5 0 0.1 0.2 TIME (ms) 0.3 0.4 0.5 TIME (ms) Residual Ripple for 900 Mhz WCDMA4 @ SCI=0011 Residual Ripple for 900 Mhz WCDMA4 @ SCI=0100 2.2 2.2 2 2 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 RMSOUT (V) RMSOUT (V) -80 0 Residual Ripple for 900 Mhz LTE Downlink @ SCI=0100 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0011 0.2 0 -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0110 TIME (ms) 0 20 1 0.2 -100 0 1.2 0.4 -80 40 RF INPUT power detectors - SMT RMSOUT 0.2 1.4 RMSOUT (V) RF INPUT RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) 1.8 80 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) RMSOUT (V) 2 0 50 100 150 200 250 TIME (us) 300 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0100 0.2 350 400 450 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 TIME (us) For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 18 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz LOG-Slope and Intercept The HMC1020LP4E provides for an adjustment of output scale with the use of an integrated operational amplifier. Logarithmic slope and intercept can be adjusted to “magnify” a specific portion of the input sensing range, and to fully utilize the dynamic range of the RMS output. A log-slope of 35.2 mV/dB (@1900 MHz) is set by connecting RMS Output to VSET through a resistor network for ß=1 (see application schematic). The log-slope is adjusted by applying the appropriate resistors on the RMS and VSET pins. Log-intercept is adjusted by applying a DC voltage to the VSET pin. Power Detectors - SMT 11 Optimized slope = ß * log-slope Optimized intercept = log_intercept – (RFBK /RSET) * VBLINE ß= 1 2 RFBK RFBK // RSHUNT // RSET When RFBK=0 to set RMSOUT=VSET, then ß=1/2 If RSET is not populated, then ß = ½ * (RFBK / (RFBK // RSHUNT)) and intercept is at nominal value. Example: The logarithmic slope can be simply increased by choosing appropriate RFBK and RSHUNT values while not populating the RSET resistor on the evaluation board to keep the intercept at nominal value. Setting RFBK =4.7KΩ and RSHUNT = 2.2KΩ results in an optimized slope of: Optimized Slope = ß * log_slope = 1.57* 36.9mV / dB Optimized Slope = 58 mV / dB Slope Adjustment 4.5 4 High Slope Nominal RMSOUT (V) 3.5 3 2.5 2 Slope = 58 mV/dB Rset = open Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 2.2 Kohm 1.5 Slope = 37.3 mV/dB Rset = open Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 4.7 Kohm 1 0.5 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) 11 - 19 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Intercept Adjustment 4.5 4 Rset = 24 Kohm Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 2.2 Kohm 3 2.5 2 VBLINE = -3.2 V VBLINE = -1.6 V VBLINE = -0.8 V VBLINE = 0 V VBLINE = +0.8 V VBLINE = +1.6 V VBLINE = +3.2 V 1.5 1 0.5 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) DC Offset Compensation Loop Internal DC offsets, which are input signal dependant, require continuous cancellation. Offset cancellation is a critical function needed for maintenance of measurement accuracy and sensitivity. The DC offset cancellation loop performs this function, and its response is largely defined by the capacitance (COFS) connected between COFSA, COFS pins. COFS capacitor sets the loop bandwidth of the DC offset compensations. Higher COFS values are required for measuring lower RF frequencies. The optimal loop bandwidth setting will allow internal offsets to be cancelled at a minimally acceptable speed. DC Offset Cancellation Loop ≈ Bandwidth , Hz For example: loop bandwidth for DC cancellation with COFS = 1nF, bandwidth is ~62 kHz For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 power detectors - SMT RMSOUT (V) 3.5 11 - 20 HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz Standby Mode The ENX pin can be used to force the power detector into a low-power standby mode. As ENX is deactivated, power is restored to all of the circuits. There is no memory of previous conditions. Coming out of standby mode, internal integration and COFS capacitors will require recharging, so if large SCI values have been chosen, the wake-up time will be lengthened. Modulation Performance – Crest factor performance Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ +25 °C Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ 2200MHz 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 ERROR (dB) ERROR (dB) Power Detectors - SMT 11 The HMC1020LP4E is capable of detecting the average power of RF signals with complex modulation schemes with exceptional accuracy. The proprietary RMS detection core is optimized to accurately detect the RMS power of the modulated RF signals with very high crest factors. This crest factor immune detection architecture of HMC1020LP4E results in detection accuracy of better than 0.2 dB over the entire operating frequency and temperature range. The response of the HMC1020LP4E to a WCDMA4TM test signal is compared with the CW response in the following plots: 0.2 0 -0.2 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 +25C +85C -40C -0.6 -0.8 -20 -10 0 -1 -70 10 -60 -50 INPUT POWER (dBm) -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT Error vs. Crest Factor over Frequency RMSOUT READING ERROR (dB) 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 900 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 1900 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 2700 MHz error from CW (-20 dBm) 3900 MHz error from CW (-18 dBm) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 INPUT SIGNAL CREST FACTOR (dB) 11 - 21 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC1020LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 3.9 GHz System Calibration Due to part-to-part variations in log-slope and log-intercept, a system-level calibration is recommended to satisfy absolute accuracy requirements. When performing this calibration, two test points near the top end and bottom-end of the desired detection dynamic range should be chosen. It is best to measure the calibration points in the regions (of frequency and amplitude) where accuracy is most important. The log-slope and log-intercept parameters should be derived and then stored in nonvolatile memory. These parameters relate the RMSOUT output voltage reading of HMC1020LP4E to the actual RMS power level as shown below: PIN = RMSOUT / [log-slope] + [log-intercept], dBm The derivation procedure of the log-slope and log-intercept parameters is elaborated below: With RMSOUT = 2.0338V at Pin = -10 dBm, and RMSOUT = 0.5967V at Pin = -50 dBm slope calibration constant = SCC SCC = = (-50+10)/(0.5967-2.0338) =27.83 dB/V intercept calibration constant = ICC ICC = Pin – SCC *RMSOUT = -10 – 27.83 * 2.0338 = -66.60 dBm Now performing a power measurement at -30 dBm: RMSOUT measures 1.3089V [Measured Pin] = [Measured RMSOUT]*SCC + ICC [Measured Pin] = 1.3089*27.83 – 66.60 = -30.17 dBm An error of only 0.17 dB Factory system calibration measurements should be made using an input signal representative of the application. If the power detector is intended to operate over a wide range of frequencies, then a central frequency should be chosen for calibration. Layout Considerations • Mount RF input coupling capacitors close to the INP and INP pins. • Solder the heat slug on the package underside to a grounded island which can draw heat away from the die with low thermal impedance. The grounded island should be at RF ground potential. • Connect power detector ground to the RF ground plane, and mount the supply decoupling capacitors close to the supply pins. Definitions 11 power detectors - SMT For example if the following two calibration points were measured at 2.2 GHz: • Log-slope: slope of PIN –> RMSOUT transfer characteristic. In units of mV/dB • Log-intercept: x-axis intercept of PIN –> RMSOUT transfer characteristic. In units of dBm. • RMS Output Error: The difference between the measured PIN and actual PIN using a line of best fit. [measured_PIN] = [measured_ RMSOUT] / [best-fit-slope] + [best-fit-intercept], dBm • Input Dynamic Range: the range of average input power for which there is a corresponding RMS output voltage with “RMS Output Error” falling within a specific error tolerance. • Crest Factor: Peak power to average power ratio for time-varying signals. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 22