HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Typical Applications Features Broadband Single-Ended RF Input The HMC909LP4E is ideal for: ±1 dB Detection Accuracy to 5.8 GHz • Log –> Root-Mean-Square (RMS) Conversion Input Dynamic Range: -51 dBm to -11 dBm • Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) RF Signal Wave shape & Crest Factor Independent • Transmitter Signal Strength Indication (TSSI) Digitally Programmable Integration Bandwidth • RF Power Amplifier Efficiency Control +5V Operation from -40°C to +85°C • Receiver Automatic Gain Control Power Detectors - SMT 11 Excellent Temperature Stability • Transmitter Power Control Power-Down Mode 24 Lead 4x4mm SMT Package: 16mm² Functional Diagram General Description The HMC909LP4E Power Detector is designed for RF power measurement, and control applications for frequencies up to 5.8 GHz. The detector provides an accurate RMS representation of any broadband, single-ended RF/IF input signal. The output is a temperature compensated monotonic, representation of real signal power, measured with an input sensing range of 40 dB. The HMC909LP4E is ideally suited to those wide bandwidth, wide dynamic range applications, requiring repeatable measurement of real signal power, especially where RF/IF wave shape and/or crest factor change with time. The integration bandwidth of the HMC909LP4E is digitally programmable with the use of input pins SCI1-4 with a range of more than 4 decade. This allows the user to dynamically set the operation bandwidth providing the capability of handling different types of modulations on the same platform. HMC909LP4E features an internal op-amp at output stage, which provides for slope / intercept adjustments and enables controller application. Electrical Specifications, TA = +25 °C, Vcc = 5V Parameter Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Units 100 900 1900 2200 2700 3500 3900 5800 MHz 40 40 40 39 38 37 36 24 dB Dynamic Range (±1dB Error) [1] Input Frequency Single Ended Input Configuration Deviation vs Temperature: (Over full temperature range -40 °C to 85 °C). Deviation is measured from reference, which is the same WCDMA input at 25 °C. 1 dB [1] With WCDMA 4 Carrier (TMI1-64 DPCH) 11 - 1 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Electrical Specifications II TA = +25 °C, Vcc = 5V, Sci4 = Sci1 = 0V, Sci3 = Sci2 = 5V, Unless Otherwise Noted Parameter Input Frequency Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ. Units 100 900 1900 2200 2700 3500 3900 5800 MHz Modulation Deviation (Output deviation from reference, which is measured with CW input at equivalent input signal power) WCDMA 4 Carrier (TM1-64 DPCH) at +25 °C 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 dB WCDMA 4 Carrier (TM1-64 DPCH) at +85 °C 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 dB WCDMA 4 Carrier (TM1-64 DPCH) at -40 °C 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 dB Logarithmic Slope 36.2 36.3 36.9 37.5 39.2 42.6 44.6 66.9 mV/dB Logarithmic Intercept Logarithmic Slope and Intercept [1] -70.1 -69.7 -68.5 -67.7 -65.6 -61.8 -59.1 -44.5 dBm Max. Input Power at ±1dB Error -12 -12 -11 -11 -12 -12 -11 -12 dBm Min. Input Power at ±1dB Error -52 -52 -51 50 -50 -49 -47 -36 dBm 11 RMSOUT vs. Pin with Different Modulations @ 1900 MHz [1] RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with Different Modulations @ 1900 MHz [1] 3 4 3 Ideal CW WCDMA 4 carriers WCDMA single carrier 2 CW WCDMA 4 carriers WCDMA single carrier 2 ERROR (dB) RMSOUT (V) 2.5 1.5 1 1 0 -1 -2 0.5 -3 -4 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20 -10 0 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) power detectors - SMT [1] With WCDMA 4 Carrier (TM1-64 DPCH) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 2 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Electrical Specifications III TA = +25 °C, Vcc = 5V, Sci4 = Sci1 = 0V, Sci3 = Sci2 = 5V, Unless Otherwise Noted Parameter Conditions Min Typ. Max Units Single-Ended Input Configuration Input Network Return Loss Input Resistance between IN+ and IN- up to 2.5 GHz > 10 Between pins 3 and 4 120 VDIFFIN = VIN+ - VIN- Input Voltage Range dB Ω 1.2 V RMSOUT Output Output Voltage Range 0.35 to 2.1 V RMSOUT held at VCC/2 8 / -0.53 mA Sci4=Sci3=Sci2=Sci1=0V, Cofs=1nF 28 / 0.86 10 6 V/s For control applications with nominal slope/intercept settings 0.35 to 2.1 V 5 MΩ Source/Sink Current Compliance 11 Output Slew Rate (rise / fall) VSET Input (Negative Feedback Terminal) Power Detectors - SMT Input Voltage Range 11 - 3 Input Resistance SCI1-4 Inputs, ENX Logic Input (Power Down Control) Input High Voltage 0.7xVCC V Input Low Voltage 0.3xVCC V Input High Current 1 μA Input Low Current 1 μA Input Capacitance 0.5 pf Power Supply Supply Voltage Supply Current with no input power Supply Current with -20 dBm Standby Mode Supply Current 4.5 5 5.5 V 39 mA 41.6 mA 3 mA For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 100 MHz [1][2] 4 3 2.15 2 1.9 1.65 1 1.65 1 1.4 0 1.4 0 1.15 -1 1.15 -1 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 1.9 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 -20 -2 0.9 -3 0.65 -4 0.4 -50 -10 -4 -40 -30 -20 -10 RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 2200 MHz [1][2] 3 2.15 2 1.9 1.65 1 1.65 1 1.4 0 1.4 0 1.15 -1 1.15 -1 0.9 -2 0.9 -3 0.65 -4 0.4 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 1.9 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -50 4 3 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 2 -2 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C -3 -4 -40 INPUT POWER (dBm) -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 2700 MHz [1][2] RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 3500 MHz [1][2] 3 2.15 2 1.9 1.65 1 1.65 1 1.4 0 1.4 0 1.15 -1 1.15 -1 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 1.9 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20 -2 0.9 -3 0.65 -4 0.4 -10 -50 4 3 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 2 ERROR (dB) 0.9 RMSOUT (V) 2.4 ERROR (dB) 4 2.4 2.15 ERROR (dB) Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C RMSOUT (V) 2.4 ERROR (dB) 4 2.4 2.15 11 -3 INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 1900 MHz [1][2] RMSOUT (V) -2 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT (V) 2 ERROR (dB) 0.9 3 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C power detectors - SMT 2.15 RMSOUT (V) 2.4 ERROR (dB) 4 2.4 RMSOUT (V) RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 900 MHz [1][2] -2 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C -3 -4 -40 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 [2] WCDMA 4 carriers input waveform For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 4 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 3900 MHz [1][2] 3 2.15 2 1.9 1.65 1 1.65 1 1.4 0 1.4 0 1.15 -1 1.15 -1 2.15 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 0.9 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 -20 -2 0.9 -3 0.65 -4 0.4 -10 4 -3 -4 -40 -30 -20 -10 Slope vs. Frequency [1][2] 80 -40 70 SLOPE (mV/dB) +25C +85C -40C -50 -60 -70 +25C +85C -40C 60 50 40 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 30 6000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz) RMSOUT vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +25 °C [1] RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +25 °C [1] 4 2.5 3 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz 1.5 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2 ERROR (dB) 2 RMSOUT (V) -2 INPUT POWER (dBm) Intercept vs. Frequency [1][2] INTERCEPT (dBm) Power Detectors - SMT 2 Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C INPUT POWER (dBm) -80 3 ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C 1 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz 1 0 -1 -2 0.5 -3 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) -10 0 -4 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 [2] WCDMA 4 carriers input waveform 11 - 5 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] ERROR (dB) RMSOUT (V) 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 2.4 ERROR (dB) 4 2.4 11 RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 5800 MHz [1][2] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ -40 °C wrt +25 °C Response [1] 4 4 3 3 2 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz -1 -2 -3 -4 -60 -50 -40 1 0 -1 -2 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz -3 -30 -20 -4 -60 -10 -50 INPUT POWER (dBm) -30 -20 -10 RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with CW @ +25 °C [1] 2.5 4 3 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz 1.5 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2 ERROR (dB) 2 1 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz 1 0 -1 -2 0.5 -3 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 11 INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT vs. Pin with CW @ +25 °C [1] RMSOUT (V) -40 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz -10 -4 -60 0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & +25 °C [1] Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ +25 °C [1] 2.4 power detectors - SMT ERROR (dB) RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +85 °C wrt +25 °C Response [1] 1 0.8 CW WCDMA 0.6 0.4 1.6 ERROR (dB) RMSOUT (V) 2 1.2 0.8 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz -0.6 0.4 -0.8 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) -10 0 -1 -50 -40 -30 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 6 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & +85 °C [1] Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ +85 °C [1] 1 2.4 0.8 CW WCDMA 0.6 0.4 1.6 ERROR (dB) RMSOUT (V) 2 1.2 0.8 0 -0.2 -0.4 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz -0.6 0.4 11 0.2 -0.8 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -1 -50 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & -40 °C [1] Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ -40 °C [1] 2.4 1 0.8 2 CW WCDMA 0.6 0.4 1.6 ERROR (dB) RMSOUT (V) Power Detectors - SMT 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz 1.2 0.8 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz -0.6 0.4 -0.8 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -1 -50 0 -40 -30 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) Output Response with SCI = 0000 @ 1900 MHz 25 2.5 RMSOUT (V) 20 1.5 15 1 10 5 0.5 RF ON 0 RF OFF 0 RF OFF RF ENABLE VOLTAGE (V) -40 dBm -20 dBm 2 -5 -0.5 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 TIME (us) [1] Data was taken at Sci4=Sci1=0V, Sci3=Sci2=5V, shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 11 - 7 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Typical Supply Current vs. Pin, Vcc = 5V Input Return Loss vs. Frequency 0 -5 RETURN LOSS (dB) 45 40 +25C +85C -40C 35 -10 -15 -20 -25 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -30 0 0 1 2 INPUT POWER (dBm) 3 4 5 6 11 FREQUENCY (GHz) Output Ripple & Rise/Fall Time vs. Integration Setting [Sci4,Sci3,Sci2,Sci1] in Decimal 100000 2100 Ripple with WCDMA4TM Ripple with WCDMA1TM Ripple with 8 Tone (1kHz seperation) Ripple with 8 Tone (10kHz seperation) 1800 10000 1000 1200 100 900 10 600 1 Rise Time Fall Time RISE/FALL TIME (us) 1500 0.1 300 0.01 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 INTEGRATION SETTLING (IN DECIMAL) For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] power detectors - SMT 30 -70 OUTPUT RIPPLE (mVp-p) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 50 11 - 8 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Absolute Maximum Ratings Power Detectors - SMT 11 Power Supply Voltage (Vcc) 5.6V RF Input Power 10 dBm Input Voltage 1.2 Vp-p Junction Temperature 125 °C Continuous Pdiss (T = 85°C) (Derate 32.45 mW/°C above 85°C) 1.3 W Thermal Resistance (Rth) (junction to ground paddle) 30.82 °C/W Storage Temperature -65 to +150 °C Operating Temperature -40 to +85 °C ESD Sensitivity (HBM) Class 1B ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE OBSERVE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Outline Drawing NOTES: 1. LEADFRAME MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY 2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES [MILLIMETERS]. 3. LEAD SPACING TOLERANCE IS NON-CUMULATIVE 4. PAD BURR LENGTH SHALL BE 0.15mm MAXIMUM. PAD BURR HEIGHT SHALL BE 0.05mm MAXIMUM. 5. PACKAGE WARP SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.05mm. 6. ALL GROUND LEADS AND GROUND PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB RF GROUND. 7. REFER TO HMC APPLICATION NOTE FOR SUGGESTED PCB LAND PATTERN. Package Information Part Number Package Body Material Lead Finish HMC909LP4E RoHS-compliant Low Stress Injection Molded Plastic 100% matte Sn MSL Rating MSL1 [2] Package Marking [1] H909 XXXX [1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX [2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 °C 11 - 9 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Pin Descriptions Function Description 1, 16, 21, 23 Vcc Power Supply. Connect supply voltage to these pins with appropriate filtering. 2, 5, 6, 8, 11 - 13, 22 Package Base GND Package bottom has an exposed metal paddle that must be connected to RF/DC ground. 3, 4 IN+, IN- RF Input pins. See application information for input interfacing. 7 ENX Disable pin. Connect to GND for normal operation. Applying voltage V>0.8xVcc will initiate power saving mode Interface Schematic For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 power detectors - SMT Pin Number 11 - 10 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Pin Descriptions (Continued) Pin Number Function Description 9, 10 COFSA, COFSB High pass filter capacitor input. Connect a capacitor between COFSA and COFSB to determine 3 dB point of input signal high-pass filter. 14 VSET Set point input for controller mode. Allows change of output slope resulting in output power leveling. 15 RMSOUT Logarithmic output that provides an indication of mean square input power. 17 - 20 SCI1 - SCI4 Digitally Programmable Integration Bandwidth Control. Input pins that control the internal integration time constant for RMS calculation. SCI4 is the most significant bit. Set V>0.8xVcc to enable and V<0.2xVcc to disable (active high). Shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 (1101, 1110 and 1111 SCI settings are forbidden states). Each step changes the integration time by 1 octave. 24 N/C The pins are not connected internally; however, all data shown herein was measured with these pins connected to RF/DC ground externally. Interface Schematic Power Detectors - SMT 11 11 - 11 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Application Circuit Note: For the values of C3, C4, refer to Wideband Single-Ended Input Interface in Application Information For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] power detectors - SMT 11 11 - 12 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Evaluation PCB Power Detectors - SMT 11 List of Materials for Evaluation PCB 129547 [1] Item Description J1, J2 PC Mount SMA Connector TP1 - TP9 DC Pin C1, C10, C16 100 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. C2, C5, C11, C17 100 nF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. C3, C4, C6 1000 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. R2, R12 - R15 10K Resistor, 0402 Pkg. R3 - R5, R9, R10 0 Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. R6, R7 4.7K Resistor, 0402 Pkg. R11 100 Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. U1 HMC909LP4E RMS Power Detector PCB [2] 128683 Evaluation PCB [1] Reference this number when ordering complete evaluation PCB [2] Circuit Board Material: Rogers 4350 11 - 13 The circuit board used in the application should use RF circuit design techniques. Signal lines should have 50 ohm impedance while the package ground leads and exposed paddle should be connected directly to the ground plane similar to that shown. A sufficient number of via holes should be used to connect the top and bottom ground planes. The evaluation circuit board shown is available from Hittite upon request. Board is configured with wideband single-ended input interface suitable for input signal frequencies above 100 MHz. Refer to wideband single-ended input interface section in application information for operating with signals below 100 MHz. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Application Information Principle of Operation RMSOUT vs. PIN 3 PIN = RMSOUT / [log-slope] + [log-intercept], dBm RMSOUT (V) 2.5 IDEAL 2 MEASURED 1.5 1 0.5 0 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20 -15 -10 Monolithic true-RMS detectors are in-effect analog calculators, calculating the RMS value of the input signal, unlike other types of power detectors which are designed to respond to the RF signal envelope. At the core of an RMS detector is a full-wave rectifier, log/antilog circuit, and an integrator. The RMS output signal is directly proportional to the logarithm of the time-average of VIN2. The bias block also contains temperature compensation circuits which stabilize output accuracy over the entire operating temperature range. The DC offset cancellation circuit actively cancels internal offsets so that even very small input signals can be measured accurately. power detectors - SMT 11 Configuration For The Typical Application The RF input can be connected in wideband single-ended configuration: see “RF Input Interface” section for details on input configuration. The RMS output signal is typically connected to VSET, through a resistive network providing a Pin -> RMSOUT transfer characteristic slope of 36.9mV/dBm (at 1900 MHz), however the RMS output can be re-scaled to “magnify” a specific portion of the input sensing range, and to fully utilize the dynamic range of the RMS output. Refer to the section under the “log-slope and intercept” heading for details. Due to part-to-part variations in log-slope and log-intercept, a system-level calibration is recommended to satisfy absolute accuracy requirements: refer to the “System Calibration” section for more details. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 14 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz RF Input Interface The IN+ and IN- pins are differential RF inputs, which are externally configured for wideband with single ended input. Power match components are placed at these input terminals, along with DC blocking capacitors. The coupling capacitor values also set the lower spectral boundary of the input signal bandwidth. The inputs can be reactively matched (refer to input return loss graphs), but a resistor network should be sufficient for good wideband performance. Wideband Single-Ended Input Interface: Power Detectors - SMT 11 Choose the input decoupling capacitor (C3, C4) values by first determining the lowest spectral component the power detector is required to sense, ƒL. Input decoupling capacitor value ≈ 1 P x ƒL x 3.2 , Farads, where ƒL is in Hertz Ex. If the power detector needs to sense down to 10MHz, the decoupling capacitor value should be 1/(π*10E6*3.2) = 10nF A DC bias (Vcc-1.2V) is present on the IN+ and IN- pins, and should not be overridden RMS Output Interface and Transient Response The HMC909LP4E features digital input pins (SCI1-SCI4) that control the internal integration time constant. Output transient response is determined by the digital integration controls, and output load conditions. Shortest integration time is for SCI=0000, allowed longest integration time is for SCI=1100 (1101, 1110 and 1111 SCI settings are forbidden states). Using larger values of SCI will narrow the operating bandwidth of the integrator, resulting in a longer averaging time interval and a more filtered output signal; however it will also slow the power detector’s transient response. A larger SCI value favors output accuracy over speed. For the fastest possible transient settling times set SCI to 0000. This configuration will operate the integrator at its widest possible bandwidth, resulting in short averaging time-interval and an output signal with little filtering. Most applications will choose a SCI setting that maintains balance between speed and accuracy. Furthermore, error performance over modulation bandwidth is dependent on the SCI setting. For example modulations with relatively low frequency components and high crest factors may require higher SCI (integration) settings. 11 - 15 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Table 1: Transient Response vs. SCI Setting [1]: RMSOUT Rise Settling Time (µs) [2] SCI4,3,2,1 Pin = -20 dBm Pin = -40 dBm Pin = -20 dBm Pin = -40 dBm Pin = -20 dBm Pin = -40 dBm 0000 0.042 0.032 0.408 0010 0.042 0.134 0.484 0.484 1.7 1.72 0.488 5.5 0100 0.06 1.32 5.4 2.6 2.12 19.5 0110 2.6 5.55 23 10.2 9.3 86 90 1000 13 25.5 59 38 350 380 1010 48 104 208 180 1500 1600 1100 190 460 870 800 6200 6500 Rise Time[3] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power 11 Rise Settling Time [2] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power 10000 100000 -40 dBm -20 dBm 0 dBm 1000 -40 dBm -20 dBm 0 dBm 10000 100 RISE TIME (us) RISE TIME (us) RMSOUT Fall-time 100% -> 10% (µs) 10 1 0.1 1000 100 10 1 0.01 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL) 11 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL) Fall Time [4] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power For increased load drive capability, consider a buffer amplifier on the RMS output. Using an integrating amplifier on the RMS output allows for an alternative treatment for faster settling times. An external amplifier optimized for transient settling can also provide additional RMS filtering, when operating HMC909LP4E with a lower SCI value. 100000 -40 dBm -20 dBm 0 dBm FALL TIME (us) 10000 power detectors - SMT RMSOUT Rise-Time 10% -> 90% (µs) 1000 100 Following figures show how the peak-to-peak ripple decreases with higher SCI settings along with the RF pulse response over different modulations. 10 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL) [1] Input signal is 1900 MHz CW -tone switched on and off [2] Measured from RF switching edge to 1dB (input referred) settling of RMSOUT. [3] Measured from 10% to 90% [4] Measured from 100% to 10% For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 16 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0001 100 80 1.6 1.6 60 1.4 40 1.2 20 0 1 0.8 -20 0.6 -40 RMSOUT 0.4 -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0001 0.2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 20 0 1 -20 0.8 -40 RMSOUT -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0010 0.2 -80 -100 0 500 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 TIME (us) TIME (us) Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0011 Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0100 100 2 100 2 1.8 80 1.8 80 1.6 60 1.6 60 1.4 40 20 0 1 -20 0.8 0.6 -40 RMSOUT 0.4 -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0011 0.2 RMSOUT (V) RF INPUT 1.2 1.4 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 -20 0.8 -40 RMSOUT 0.4 -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0100 0.2 -100 0 20 1 0.6 -80 40 RF INPUT 1.2 -80 -100 0 500 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 TIME (us) TIME (us) Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0101 Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0110 100 100 2 1.8 80 1.6 60 1.6 60 1.4 40 0 1 0.8 -20 0.6 -40 RMSOUT 0.4 -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0101 0.2 -80 -100 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 TIME (us) 350 400 450 500 1.4 RMSOUT (V) 1.2 20 RF INPUT 1.2 40 20 0 1 0.8 -20 0.6 -40 0.4 -60 SCI = 0000 SCI = 0110 0.2 -80 RMSOUT 0 0 50 -100 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 TIME (us) For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) 80 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) 1.8 RF INPUT RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) RMSOUT (V) 1.2 0.4 -100 40 RF INPUT 0.6 -80 0 RMSOUT (V) 1.4 RMSOUT (V) RF INPUT RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) Power Detectors - SMT 1.8 60 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) 1.8 2 11 - 17 100 2 80 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) RMSOUT (V) 2 11 Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0010 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz LOG-Slope and Intercept The HMC909LP4E provides for an adjustment of output scale with the use of an integrated operational amplifier. Logslope and intercept can be adjusted to “magnify” a specific portion of the input sensing range, and to fully utilize the dynamic range of the RMS output. A log-slope of 36.9mV/dB (@1900 MHz) is set by connecting RMS Output to VSET through resistor network for ß = 1 (see application schematic). The log-slope is adjusted by applying the appropriate resistors on the RMS and VSET pins. Log-intercept is adjusted by applying a DC voltage to the VSET pin. Optimized slope = ß * log-slope Optimized intercept = log-intercept – (RFBK /RSET) * VBLINE ß= RFBK RFBK // RSHUNT // RSET When RFBK=0 to set RMSOUT=VSET, then ß=1/2 If RSET is not populated, then ß = ½ * (RFBK/ (RFBK // RSHUNT)) and intercept is at nominal value. Example: The logarithmic slope can be simply increased by choosing appropriate RFBK and RSHUNT values while not populating the RSET resistor on the evaluation board to keep the intercept at nominal value. Setting RFBK =4.7KΩ and RSHUNT = 2.2KΩ results in an optimized slope of: Optimized Slope = ß * log_slope = 1.57* 36.9mV / dB Optimized Slope = 58 mV / dB Slope Adjustment power detectors - SMT 11 4.5 4 High Slope Nominal RMSOUT (V) 3.5 3 2.5 2 Slope = 58 mV/dB Rset = open Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 2.2 Kohm 1.5 1 Slope = 36.9 mV/dB Rset = open Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 4.7 Kohm 0.5 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 18 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Example: The logarithmic intercept can also be adjusted by choosing appropriate RFBK, RSHUNT, and RSET values. Setting RFBK = 4.7KΩ, RSHUNT =2.2KΩ, and RSET = 24KΩ results in an optimized slope of: Optimized Slope = ß * log_slope = 1.67 * 36.9 mV / dB Optimized Slope = 62 mV / dB Optimized Intercept = log_intercept –(RFBK/RSET)*VBLINE Optimized Intercept = log_intercept - 0.196 * VBLINE Intercept Adjustment 11 4.5 VBLINE = -3.2 V VBLINE = -1.6 V VBLINE = -0.8 V VBLINE = 0V VBLINE = +0.8 V VBLINE = +1.6 V VBLINE = +3.2 V 4 RMSOUT (V) Power Detectors - SMT 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 Rset = 24 Kohm Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 2.2 Kohm 0.5 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) DC Offset Compensation Loop Internal DC offsets, which are input signal dependant, require continuous cancellation. Offset cancellation is a critical function needed for maintenance of measurement accuracy and sensitivity. The DC offset cancellation loop performs this function, and its response is largely defined by the capacitance (COFS) connected between COFSA, COFSB pins. COFS sets the loop bandwidth of the DC offset compensations. Higher COFS values are required for measuring lower RF frequencies. The optimal loop bandwidth setting will allow internal offsets to be cancelled at a minimally acceptable speed. DC Offset Cancellation Loop ≈ Bandwidth , Hz For example: loop bandwidth for DC cancellation with COFS = 1nF, bandwidth is ~62 kHz 11 - 19 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Standby Mode The ENX can be used to force the power detector into a low-power standby mode. As ENX is deactivated, power is restored to all of the circuits. There is no memory of previous conditions. Coming-out of stand-by, internal integration and COFS capacitors will require recharging, so if large SCI values have been chosen, the wake-up time will be lengthened. Modulation Performance – Crest factor performance The HMC909LP4E can detect modulated signals with very high crest factors accurately. For example, up to 2.7 GHz, a modulated RF signal with a crest factor of 15 dB can be detected with 0.3 dB error. 11 RMSOUT Error vs. Crest Factor over Frequency RMSOUT ERROR (dB) 900 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 1900 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 2700 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 3900 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 CREST FACTOR (dB) System Calibration Due to part-to-part variations in log-slope and log-intercept, a system-level calibration is recommended to satisfy absolute accuracy requirements. When performing this calibration, choose at least two test points: near the top end and bottom-end of the measurement range. It is best to measure the calibration points in the regions (of frequency and amplitude) where accuracy is most important. Derive the log-slope and log-intercept, and store them in nonvolatile memory. For example if the following two calibration points were measured at 2.2 GHz: power detectors - SMT 1 0.8 With RMSOUT = 1.81V at Pin= -20 dBm, and RMSOUT = 1.03V at Pin= -40 dBm slope calibration constant = SCC SCC = (-40+20)/(1.03-1.81) = 25.64 dB/V intercept calibration constant = ICC ICC = Pin – SCC*RMSOUT = -20 - 25.64 * 1.81 = -66.41 dBm Now performing a power measurement at -30 dBm: RMSOUT measures 1.40V [Measured Pin] = [Measured RMSOUT]*SCC + ICC [Measured Pin] = 1.40 * 25.64 - 66.41 = -30.51 dBm An error of only 0.51 dB Factory system calibration measurements should be made using an input signal representative of the application. If the power detector will operate over a wide range of frequencies, choose a central frequency for calibration. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 11 - 20 HMC909LP4E v02.0511 RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz Layout Considerations • Mount RF input coupling capacitors close to the IN+ and IN- pins. • Solder the heat slug on the package underside to a grounded island which can draw heat away from the die with low thermal impedance. The grounded island should be at RF ground potential. • Connect power detector ground to the RF ground plane, and mount the supply decoupling capacitors close to the supply pins. Definitions: 11 • Log-slope: slope of PIN –> RMSOUT transfer characteristic. In units of mV/dB • Log-intercept: x-axis intercept of PIN –> RMSOUT transfer characteristic. In units of dBm. • RMS Output Error: The difference between the measured PIN and actual PIN using a line of best fit. Power Detectors - SMT [measured_PIN] = [measured_ RMSOUT] / [best-fit-slope] + [best-fit-intercept], dBm 11 - 21 • Input Dynamic Range: the range of average input power for which there is a corresponding RMS output voltage with “RMS Output Error” falling within a specific error tolerance. • Crest Factor: Peak power to average power ratio for time-varying signals. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected]