HMC993LP5E v00.0911 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz Typical Applications Features The HMC993LP5E is ideal for: Wide Gain Control Range: -11 to +32 dB • Cellular/3G Infrastructure High Output IP3: +46 dBm • WiBro / WiMAX / 4G Positive Analog Control: 0V to +5V • Microwave Radio & VSAT Configurable with 1 or 2 Attenuators 32 Lead 5x5 mm SMT Package: 25 mm2 • Test Equipment and Sensors • IF & RF Applications General Description Functional Diagram The HMC993LP5E is an RF analog controlled variable gain amplifier composed of two identical voltage variable attenuators in combination with an InGaP HBT gain block MMIC amplifier which operates from 0.7 to 3.0 GHz, and can be controlled to provide anywhere from -11 dB attenuation, to 32 dB of gain. The HMC993LP5E delivers noise figure of 8 dB in its maximum gain state, with output IP3 of up to +46 dBm. The HMC993LP5E is housed in a RoHS compliant 5x5 mm QFN leadless package. Electrical Specifications, TA = +25° C, 50 Ohm System, VDD = DETVDD = +5V [1] AUTOMATIC GAIN Parameter Frequency Min. Typ. SMT Max. Units 1 Attenuator Operation 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz 36 26 23 20 dB dB dB dB 2 Attenuator Operation 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 32 21 17 dB dB dB 1 Attenuator Operation 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz 21 22 23 24 dB 2 Attenuator Operation 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 43 33 28 dB Gain (min. Attenuation) Gain Control Range 1 CONTROL For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz Electrical Specifications (continued), TA = +25° C, 50 Ohm System, VDD = DETVDD = +5V [1] Frequency Min. Typ. Max. Units 1 Attenuator Operation 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz 15 13 13 13 dB 2 Attenuator Operation 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 15 15 13 dB 1 Attenuator Operation 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz 17 23 17 18 dB 2 Attenuator Operation 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 16 28 18 dB Output Third Order Intercept Point (Two-Tone Output Power= 0 dBm Each Tone) (min. Attenuation) 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz 46 45 45 40 dBm dBm Output Power for 1dB Compression (min. Attenuation) 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz 25 25 24.8 24 dBm dBm Noise Figure (min. Attenuation) 0.9 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz 7.6 9.5 10.7 11.8 dB 260 mA Input Return Loss (min. Attenuation) Output Return Loss (min. Attenuation) Supply Current (Idd) Power Detector Input Frequency ±3 dB Dynamic Range Typ. Typ. Typ. Typ Units 900 1900 2400 2800 MHz 61 61 61 62 dB DETOUT Slope 15.5 15.4 15.4 15.5 mV/dB DETOUT Intercept -68.2 -69.9 -70 -71.3 dBm -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 dB Veriation of DETOUT with Temperature from -40°C to +85°C @20dBm Input AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Parameter [1] Unless otherwise noted, test conditions: ATTN1 + ATTN2 + AMP1 + AMP2 in cascade. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 2 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 900MHz TUNE Gain vs. VCTRL [1] Gain vs. VCTRL [2] 40 35 30 20 25 GAIN (dB) GAIN (dB) 30 20 15 10 0 10 -40C +25C +85C 5 -40C +25C +85C -10 0 -20 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 5 0.5 1 1.5 2 VCTRL (V) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Gain vs. Frequency [2] 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 GAIN (dB) 10 0 -10 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=1.5V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=2.5V -20 -30 -40 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 -20 -30 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=3.5V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 1 0 -10 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=1.5V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=2.5V -40 -50 -60 0.5 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=3.5V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) FREQUENCY (GHz) Input Return Loss vs. VCTRL [2] Input Return Loss vs. VCTRL [1] 0 0 -40C +25C +85C -5 INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 2.5 VCTRL (V) Gain vs. Frequency [1] GAIN (dB) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT 40 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 VCTRL (V) 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 VCTRL (V) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] ATTN1 + ATTN2 + AMP1 + AMP2 3 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 900MHz TUNE Output Return Loss vs. VCTRL[2] Output Return Loss vs. VCTRL [1] -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 VCTRL (V) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Output IP3 vs. Frequency [1] Output IP3 vs. VCTRL [1] 60 60 55 55 50 50 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 2.5 VCTRL (V) 45 40 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 45 40 -40C +25C +85C 35 35 30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 30 0.4 5 0.5 0.6 0.7 VCTRL (V) 0.8 0.9 1 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT 0 OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 0 FREQUENCY (GHz) Output IP2 vs.VCTRL [1] Output IP2 vs. Frequency [1] 70 70 65 65 55 OIP2 (dBm) OIP2 (dBm) 60 50 45 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 40 35 30 0.4 60 55 50 -40C +25C +85C 45 40 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 FREQUENCY (GHz) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 VCTRL (V) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] ATTN1 + ATTN2 + AMP1 + AMP2 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 4 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 900MHz TUNE Input IP3 vs. Frequency [1] 40 40 35 30 25 IIP3 (dBm) IIP3 (dBm) 30 20 15 20 10 0 10 -40C +25C +85C 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V -10 0 -20 0.4 5 0.5 0.6 0.7 VCTRL (V) 0.8 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 FREQUENCY (GHz) Output P1dB vs. Frequency [1] [2] Noise Figure vs. Frequency [1] [2] 30 12 29 10 28 27 8 26 NF (dB) OP1dB (dBm) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Input IP3 vs.VCTRL [1] 25 24 4 23 -40C +25C +85C 22 21 20 0.4 6 0.5 0.6 0.7 -40C +25C +85C 2 0.8 0.9 1 FREQUENCY (GHz) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 FREQUENCY (GHz) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] VCTRL=Minimum Attenuation 5 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 1900MHz TUNE Gain vs. VCTRL [2] 30 30 25 -40C +25C +85C 20 GAIN (dB) GAIN (dB) 20 15 10 10 0 -40C +25C +85C -10 5 0 -20 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 VCTRL (V) 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 -10 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=1.5V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=2.5V -30 -40 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 3.5 4 4.5 5 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=3.5V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 -10 -20 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=1.5V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=2.5V -30 -40 -50 1.4 2.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 FREQUENCY (GHz) 1.8 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=3.5V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 FREQUENCY (GHz) Input Return Loss vs. VCTRL [1] Input Return Loss vs. VCTRL [2] 0 0 -40C +25C +85C -5 INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 3 Gain vs. Frequency [2] GAIN (dB) GAIN (dB) Gain vs. Frequency [1] -20 2.5 VCTRL (V) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Gain vs. VCTRL [1] -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 VCTRL (V) 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 VCTRL (V) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] ATTN1 + ATTN2 + AMP1 + AMP2 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 6 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 1900MHz TUNE Output Return Loss vs. VCTRL [2] 0 -5 -5 -40C +25C +85C -10 OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 0 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -40C +25C +85C -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -50 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 VCTRL (V) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Output IP3 vs. Frequency [1] 60 55 55 50 50 OIP3 (dBm) 60 45 40 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 45 40 -40C +25C +85C 35 35 30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 30 1.4 5 1.5 1.6 1.7 VCTRL (V) 75 75 70 70 OIP2 (dBm) 80 65 50 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 65 60 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 55 1.9 Output IP2 vs.VCTRL [1] 80 60 1.8 FREQUENCY (GHz) Output IP2 vs. Frequency [1] OIP2 (dBm) 2.5 VCTRL (V) Output IP3 vs. VCTRL [1] OIP3 (dBm) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Output Return Loss vs. VCTRL [1] -40C +25C +85C 55 50 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 VCTRL (V) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] ATTN1 + ATTN2 + AMP1 + AMP2 7 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 1900MHz TUNE Input IP3 vs. Frequency [1] 45 50 40 40 IIP3 (dBm) IIP3 (dBm) 35 30 25 30 20 10 20 -40C +25C +85C 15 -10 1.4 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V 0 5 1.5 1.6 1.7 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 Noise Figure vs. Frequency [1] [2] Output P1dB vs. Frequency [1] [2] 30 16 29 14 28 12 27 26 NF (dB) OP1dB (dBm) 1.9 FREQUENCY (GHz) VCTRL (V) 25 24 10 8 6 23 22 4 -40C +25C +85C 21 20 1.4 1.8 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.1 2.2 2.3 -40C +25C +85C 2 2.4 0 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Input IP3 vs.VCTRL [1] FREQUENCY (GHz) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] VCTRL=Minimum Attenuation For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 8 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 2400MHz TUNE Gain vs. VCTRL [2] 40 30 -40C +25C +85C 20 20 GAIN (dB) GAIN (dB) 30 10 0 10 0 -40C +25C +85C -10 -10 -20 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 VCTRL (V) 20 20 10 10 0 0 GAIN (dB) 30 -10 -20 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=1.5V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=2.5V -40 -50 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=3.5V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 2.4 3.5 4 4.5 5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 -10 -20 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=1.5V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=2.5V -30 -40 -50 1.9 2.9 2 2.1 2.2 FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.3 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=3.5V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 FREQUENCY (GHz) Input Return Loss vs. VCTRL [1] Input Return Loss vs. VCTRL [2] 0 0 -40C +25C +85C -5 INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 3 Gain vs. Frequency [2] 30 -30 2.5 VCTRL (V) Gain vs. Frequency [1] GAIN (dB) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Gain vs. VCTRL [1] -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 VCTRL (V) 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 VCTRL (V) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] ATTN1 + ATTN2 + AMP1 + AMP2 9 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 2400MHz TUNE Output Return Loss vs. VCTRL [1] Output Return Loss vs. VCTRL [2] -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 VCTRL (V) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Output IP3 vs. Frequency [1] Output IP3 vs. VCTRL [1] 60 60 55 55 50 50 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 2.5 VCTRL (V) 45 40 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 45 40 -40C +25C +85C 35 35 30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 30 1.9 5 2 2.1 2.2 VCTRL (V) 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT 0 OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 0 2.9 FREQUENCY (GHz) Output IP2 vs.VCTRL [1] Output IP2 vs. Frequency [1] [3] 90 90 85 85 75 OIP2 (dBm) OIP2 (dBm) 80 70 65 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 60 55 50 1.9 80 75 70 -40C +25C +85C 65 60 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 VCTRL (V) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] ATTN1 + ATTN2 + AMP1 + AMP2 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 10 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 2400MHz TUNE Input IP3 vs. Frequency [1] 50 50 45 40 IIP3 (dBm) IIP3 (dBm) 40 35 30 30 20 10 25 -40C +25C +85C 20 0 15 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 -10 1.9 5 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V 2 2.1 2.2 VCTRL (V) 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 Noise Figure vs. Frequency [1] [2] 30 16 29 14 28 12 27 NF (dB) 26 25 24 10 8 6 23 22 4 -40C +25C +85C 21 20 1.9 2.3 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V FREQUENCY (GHz) Output P1dB vs. Frequency [1] [2] OP1dB (dBm) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Input IP3 vs.VCTRL [1] 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.6 2.7 2.8 -40C +25C +85C 2 2.9 0 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 FREQUENCY (GHz) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] VCTRL=Minimum Attenuation 11 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 2800MHz TUNE 30 30 25 10 15 GAIN (dB) GAIN (dB) 20 -40C +25C +85C 20 10 5 0 -10 -20 0 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=1.5V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=2.5V -30 -5 -10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 -40 2.3 5 2.4 2.5 2.6 VCTRL (V) 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Output Return Loss vs. VCTRL [1] 0 OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 0 INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 2.8 FREQUENCY (GHz) Input Return Loss vs. VCTRL [1] -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40C +25C +85C -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 VCTRL (V) 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 VCTRL (V) Output IP3 vs. Frequency [1] Output IP3 vs. VCTRL [1] 60 50 55 45 -40C +25C +85C 50 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 2.7 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=3.5V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Gain vs. Frequency [1] Gain vs. VCTRL [1] 45 40 35 40 30 35 25 30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 VCTRL (V) 3.5 4 4.5 5 20 2.3 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 FREQUENCY (GHz) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 12 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 2800MHz TUNE Output IP2 vs.VCTRL [1] 80 80 75 75 65 OIP2 (dBm) OIP2 (dBm) 70 60 55 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V 50 45 40 2.3 70 65 60 -40C +25C +85C 55 50 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 0 3.3 0.5 1 1.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Input IP3 vs. Frequency [1] 50 50 45 40 IIP3 (dBm) 40 35 30 30 20 10 25 -40C +25C +85C 20 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 VCTRL=0V VCTRL=1V VCTRL=2V 0 15 -10 2.3 5 2.4 2.5 2.6 VCTRL (V) 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 Noise Figure vs. Frequency [1] [2] 30 20 29 18 -40C +25C +85C 28 27 16 14 NF (dB) 26 25 24 12 10 8 23 6 22 4 21 2 20 2.3 2.7 VCTRL=3V VCTRL=4V VCTRL=5V FREQUENCY (GHz) Output P1dB vs. Frequency [1] [2] OP1dB (dBm) 2 VCTRL (V) Input IP3 vs.VCTRL [1] IIP3 (dBm) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Output IP2 vs. Frequency [1] 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 FREQUENCY (GHz) 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 0 2.3 -40C +25C +85C 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 FREQUENCY (GHz) [1] ATTN1 + AMP1 + AMP2 [2] VCTRL=Minimum Attenuation 13 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz VDD, DETVDD, DETEN, DETSET,DETRSSI, AMP1OUT, AMP2OUT +5.6 V Continuous Pdiss (T=85 °C) Derate 41.8 mW/°C above 85 °C 1.7 W VCTRL -0.6V to VDD+0.6V Thermal Resistance (Rth) (junction to package bottom) 23.9°C/W ATTN1IN, ATTN2IN Input Power +20 dBm Storage Temperature -65 to +150°C AMP1IN RF Input Power +8 dBm Operating Temperature -40 to +85 °C AMP2IN RF Input Power +18 dBm ESD Sensitivity (HBM) Class 1A DETOUT Output Current 5 mA DETIN RF Iput Power 12 dBm Junction Temperature 125°C ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE OBSERVE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Outline Drawing AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Absolute Maximum Ratings NOTES: 1. PACKAGE BODY MATERIAL: LOW STRESS INJECTION MOLDED PLASTIC SILICA AND SILICON IMPREGNATED. 2. LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY. 3. LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE PLATING: 100% MATTE TIN. 4. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES [MILLIMETERS]. 5. LEAD SPACING TOLERANCE IS NON-CUMULATIVE. 6. CHARACTERS TO BE HELVETICA MEDIUM, .025 HIGH, WHITE INK, OR LASER MARK LOCATED APPROX. AS SHOWN. 7. PAD BURR LENGTH SHALL BE 0.15mm MAX. PAD BURR HEIGHT SHALL BE 0.25mm MAX. 8. PACKAGE WARP SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.05mm 9. ALL GROUND LEADS AND GROUND PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB RF GROUND. 10. REFER TO HITTITE APPLICATION NOTE FOR SUGGESTED PCB LAND PATTERN. Package Information Part Number Package Body Material Lead Finish HMC993LP5E RoHS-compliant Low Stress Injection Molded Plastic 100% matte Sn MSL Rating MSL1 [2] Package Marking [1] H993 XXXX [1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX [2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 °C For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 14 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Pin Descriptions 15 Pin Number Function Description 1, 3, 5, 8, 15, 17, 24, 26, 28, 30 GND These pins and package bottom must be connected to RF ground. 2, 29 ATTN2OUT, ATTN1OUT These ports are matched to 50 Ohms. Blocking capacitor is required. 4, 9, 31 VDD Power supply for the attenuator. External bypass capacitors are required. See application circuits. 6, 32 ATTN2IN, ATTN1IN These ports are matched to 50 Ohms. Blocking capacitor is required. 7 VCTRL Attenuation control voltage for the attenuator. 0V for minimum attenuation, 5V for maximum attenuation. 10, 11, 12, 22 N/C No connection required. These pins may be connected to RF ground without affecting performance. 13 DETOUT Logarithmic output that converts the input power to a DC level in detector mode. Output voltage increases with increasing amplitude. 14 DETVDD Power supply for the logarithmic detector. External by pass capacitors are required. See application circuit. 16 DETIN Detector RF input pin. Interface Schematic For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz Pin Descriptions (continued) Function Description 18 DETEN Enable pin. Apply VEN > 0.8xVcc for normal operation. Apply VEN < 0.2xVcc to disable the detector. 19 DETSET Set point input for controller mode. Connect to DETOUT with the resistor network shown in evaluation board drawing for detector mode. 20 DETRSSI Connection for ground referenced external lowpass filter capacitor. 21, 25 AMP2OUT, AMP1OUT These ports are mathed to 50 Ohms. External Choke inductor and DC blocking capacitor are required. See application circuits. 23, 27 AMP2IN, AMP1IN These ports are matched to 50 Ohms. Blocking capacitor is required. Interface Schematic For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Pin Number 16 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Application Circuit - 900 MHz 17 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Evaluation PCB - 900 MHz List of Materials for Evaluation PCB EVAL01-HMC993LP5E[1] Item Description Item Description J1-J6 SMA Connector L4 3.9 nH Inductor, 0603 Pkg. J7 DC Connector Header C2, C6, C10, C22, C24 0 Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. 100 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. R1-R6, R9-R10, R13, R18-R20 R8 51 Ohms Resistor, 0402 Pkg. C4 1 µF Capacitor, 0603 Pkg. R11, R15 10 kOhms Resistor, 0402 Pkg. C7 1 µF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. R14 1 kOhms Resistor, 0402 Pkg. C8-C9, C15-C16, C18, C20 0.1 µF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. U1 HMC993LP5E RF-Automatic Gain Controller C11, C14, C17, C19, C21, C25 1000 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. PCB [2] 600-00116-00 Evaluation PCB C13, C30 33 µF Capacitor, Tantalum C28 5.6 pF Capacitor, Ultra Low ESR, 0603 Pkg. C29 2.4 pF Capacitor, Ultra Low ESR, 0402 Pkg. L1 56 nH Inductor, 0603 Pkg. L2 18 nH Inductor, 0603 Pkg. L3 4.7 nH Inductor, 0402 Pkg. [1] Reference this number when ordering complete evaluation PCB [2] Circuit Board Material: Rogers 4350 or Arlon 25 FR For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 18 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Application Circuit - 1900, 2400 & 2800 MHz Components for Selected Frequency Values 19 Tune Option Evaluation PCB Number C24 C27 C28 C29 L1 1900 MHz EVAL02-HMC993LP5E 15 pF 2.7 pF 6.8 pF 1.2 pF 24 nH 2400 MHz EVAL03-HMC993LP5E 10 pF 1.6 pF 3.0 pF 0.8 pF 15 nH 2800 MHz EVAL04-HMC993LP5E 6.8 pF 1.5 pF 1.5 pF 0.7 pF 15 nH For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Evaluation PCB - 1900, 2400 & 2800 MHz List of Materials for Evaluation PCB [1] Item Description Item Description J1-J6 SMA Connector J7 DC Connector Header R1-R6, R9-R10, R13, R18-R20, R34 0 Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. C2, C6, C10, C22 100 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. R8 51 Ohms Resistor, 0402 Pkg. 1 µF Capacitor, 0603 Pkg. R11, R15 10 kOhms Resistor, 0402 Pkg. C7 1 µF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. R14 1 kOhms Resistor, 0402 Pkg. C8-C9, C15-C16, C18, C20 0.1 µF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. U1 HMC993LP5E RF-Automatic Gain Controller C11, C14, C17, C19, C21, C25 1000 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. PCB [2] 600-00116-00 Evaluation PCB C13, C30 33 µF Capacitor, Tantalum C24 Capacitor, Ultra Low ESR, 0603 Pkg. C27 Capacitor, Ultra Low ESR, 0402 Pkg. [2] Please refer to “Components for Selected Frequency Tune” table for values C28 Capacitor, Ultra Low ESR, 0603 Pkg. [3] Circuit Board Material: Rogers 4350 or Arlon 25 FR C29 Capacitor, Ultra Low ESR, 0402 Pkg. L1 Inductor, 0603 Pkg. L2 3.3 nH Inductor, 0603 Pkg. C4 [1] When requesting an evaluation board, please reference the appropriate evaluation PCB number listed in the table “Components for Selected Frequency Tune” For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 20 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz Application Information AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT Introduction The HMC993LP5E is a complete high performance Automatic Gain Control (AGC) solution, housing a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) core and a control core in a single package. Its unique VVA technology provides constant OIP3 over the entire control voltage range. The HMC993LP5E greatly simplifies the design of gain control loops by increasing the integration level and reducing the number of required circuit elements. The VGA core of the HMC993LP5E is composed of two identical voltage variable attenuators followed by two gain block amplifiers which operate from 0.7 to 3.0 GHz. The HMC993LP5E’s control core features a high accuracy log detector. As shown in the functional block diagram, the HMC993LP5E combines all of these cores in a highly compact 5 x 5 mm plastic package, and offers an easy-to-use, temperature stable AGC solution. The HMC993LP5’s VGA core has a flexible structure where a single attenuator (22.2 dB at 1900 MHz) or two attenuators (33.6 dB at 1900 MHz) can be used depending upon the dynamic range requirement. Inputs and outputs of the HMC993LP5E’s attenuators and first amplifier (ATTIN1, ATTOUT1, ATTIN2, ATTOUT2, AMPIN1, AMPOUT1) are broadband matched to 50 Ohm single-ended and require only external DC blocking capacitors over the entire frequency band of operation. The input of the HMC993LP5E’s log detector (RFDETIN) is also broadband matched to 50 Ohm single-ended and does not require any matching components. Input and output of the HMC993LP5E’s second amplifier (AMPIN2, AMPOUT2) need power matching components for key application frequencies. Refer to application circuits for example application frequencies. The HMC993LP5E requires a single 5V supply with adequate power supply decoupling as recommended in the application schematics. Figure 1a: The HMC993LP5E’s VGA configuration with 1 attenuator, 1900 MHz tune. 21 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 Figure 1b: The HMC993LP5E’s VGA configuration with 2 attenuators, 1900 MHz tune. VGA Operation AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz The HMC993LP5E’s VGA core can be configured with one or two variable attenuators followed by two fixed gain amplifiers for different control ranges as shown in Figure 1a and Figure 1b (basic connections are not shown). Note that the link between VCTRL and DETOUT pins must be broken for correct VGA Operation. The VCTRL pin should be used to set the attenuation of the HMC993LP5E. Gain Control Interface VCTRL The VCTRL pin is the gain control pin common to both of HMC993LP5E’s identical voltage variable attenuators. The VCTRL gain control voltage ranges between 1V and 4V. A VCTRL control voltage of 1V provides the lowest attenuation, while 4V provides the highest attenuation. Figure 2 represents the VGA operation of HMC993LP5E with two attenuators and two amplifiers for different gain control voltages applied to the VCTRL pin. The output power increases linearly with the input power until the power saturation is reached when the VCTRL voltage is constant. The useable input power range of such a system is limited by the saturation level of the final stage amplifier. So the input power level required for power saturation and the dynamic range of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA is defined by the value of the gain control voltage applied to the VCTRL pin. Refer to the Figure 2 for the useable input power range at different VCTRL levels. When VCTRL=1V, the gain of HMC993LP5E’s VGA with 2 attenuators is 21.5 dB at 1900 MHz. The input power required for 1 dB compression point at the output is given by: Pin1dB = Pout1dB – Gain (dB) + 1 = 25 – 21.5 + 1 = 4.5 dB. When VCTRL=2V, the gain of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA with 2 attenuators is 11.7 dB at 1900 MHz. The input power required for 1 dB compression point at the output is given by: Pin1dB = Pout1dB – Gain (dB) + 1 = 25 – 11.7 + 1 = 14.3 dB. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 22 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz 30 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) VCTRL=1 V VCTRL=2 V VCTRL=3 V VCTRL=4 V 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) Figure 2: Pout vs. Pin at 1900 MHz, 1 attenuator Therefore, increasing the VCTRL pin voltage reduces the gain of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA and increases input power level required for power saturation. When the input signal is weak, the attenuation level of the variable attenuators should be reduced. When the input signal is large; the attenuation level of the variable attenuators should be increased to achieve a constant output level. The gain control performance of the HMC993LP5E at 1900 MHz is shown in Figures 3. The HMC993LP5E provides 22.2 dB of gain control range with a maximum gain of 26 dB when it is configured in 1 attenuator + 2 amplifiers mode, and similarly a 33.6 dB of gain control range with a maximum gain of 21.5 dB of gain when it is configured in 2 attenuators + 2 amplifiers mode. The HMC993LP5E’s VGA has a very flat linear-in-dB gain control characteristic with a slope of -12.97 dB/V for the 2 attenuators configuration and -7.28 dB/V for the 1 attenuator configuration. The log-linearity error of the HMC993LP5 VGA is typically less than ± 2dB over the entire gain control range. 30 20 GAIN (dB) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT 20 10 0 -10 1 Attenuator 2 Attenuators -20 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 VCTRL (V) Figure 3: Gain vs. VCTRL at 1900 MHz Noise and Distortion As with any multistage VGA consisting of voltage variable attenuators and gain blocks, the noise figure (NF) and input referred distortion (IIP3) characteristics of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA are dependent on the gain control voltage VCTRL. When the attenuation level of the variable attenuators is set to minimum (maximum gain state), the noise figure of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA is minimized; however the IIP3 is degraded to minimum as well. The noise figure and IIP3 of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA increases with the attenuation level of the variable attenuators. For low attenuation levels, the noise contribution from the VGA is important since the input signal is weak. For high atten- 23 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz For low attenuation levels of the variable attenuators, IIP3 is less important since high gain of whole VGA improves distortion performance at its output (OIP3). For high attenuation levels of the variable attenuators, IIP3 is more important because of low gain of whole VGA. The distortion performance of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA at 1900 MHz is shown in Figure 4. The HMC993LP5E’s VGA provides an almost constant OIP3 of up to +45 dBm in any state when it is configured in one attenuator and two amplifiers mode. 50 40 40 Noise Figure Gain OIP3 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 OIP3 (dBm) NOISE FIGURE, GAIN (dB) 50 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 VCTRL (V) Figure 4: Noise Figure & Gain & OIP3 vs. VCTRL at 1900 MHz, 1 attenuator. AGC Operation The HMC993LP5E can be configured as an AGC amplifier by using VGA core and the built in log detector. An example for AGC amplifier configuration of the HMC993LP5E is depicted in Figure 5. AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT uation levels of the variable attenuators, the noise contribution from the VGA is less important and the noise requirement of the VGA is relaxed since the input signal is high. The noise figure performance of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA at 1900 MHz is shown in Figure 4. The HMC993LP5E’s VGA delivers a noise figure of 9.8 dB in its maximum gain state when it is configured in 1 attenuator + 2 amplifiers mode. In AGC amplifier configuration, the input signal is amplified by the HMC993LP5E’s VGA. The output of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA core is fed back to the input of the HMC993LP5E’s log detector (RFDETIN) through an external coupler or attenuator to drop the maximum and minimum output level of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA to within the dynamic range of the HMC993LP5E’s log detector. The HMC993LP5E’s log detector produces a voltage at the output of the log detector (DETOUT) proportional to the output power level of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA. The high impedance output pin DETOUT is connected to the gain control pin VCTRL of VGA to form the AGC loop. The VSET pin is the constant output power set point of the AGC amplifier. As a result of negative feedback, the gain of the VGA is automatically adjusted to maintain a constant signal power level at the output of AGC amplifier. The output signal power level is determined by the AGC set point VSET, regardless of the input signal variation. AGC Set point Interface VSET In closed loop AGC operation the output power level of the HMC993LP5E is controlled by the VSET pin. An input voltage between 0.2V and 1.2V should be applied to the VSET input pin to control the output power level. Output power vs. VSET characteristic is shown in Figure 6a and Figure 6b for different input power levels and different coupler ratios used. The slope of the gain vs. VSET characteristic is 58.3dB/V and it is independent of the coupler ratio used. The relation between the gain of HMC993LP5E’s output power and VSET pin voltage at 1900 MHz can be approximated as given in Equation (1) when it is configured in AGC amplifier configuration with 2 attenuator + 2 amplifiers. Output Power (dBm) = -67.7 + |Coupler Ratio| + 58.3 x VSET Equation (1) For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 24 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz Figure 5: The HMC993LP5E’s AGC configuration with 2 attenuators, 1900 MHz tune. Error@Pin = -20 dBm Error@Pin = -10 dBm Error@Pin = 0 dBm 4 30 3 20 2 0 1 -10 0 -20 -1 20 dB coupler is used -30 -2 Input Power = -20 dBm Input Power = -10 dBm Input Power = 0 dBm Ideal -40 -50 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 -10 -1 -30 -4 0.2 1 0 -20 -50 VSET (V) 2 Pin=-10dBm 0 -3 Figure 6a: Output Power vs. VSET over Input Power, 2 attenuators @ 1900 MHz. 3 10 -40 1.2 4 Error@Pin= -13 dBm Error@Pin= -20 dBm Error@Pin= -30 dBm Coupler= -13 dBm Coupler= -20dBm Coupler= -30 dBm Ideal= -13 dBm Ideal= -20 dBm Ideal= -30 dBm ERROR (dB) 10 ERROR (dB) OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 20 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 30 -2 -3 -4 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 VSET (V) Figure 6b: Output Power vs. VSET over coupler ratio, 2 attenuators @ 1900 MHz. In closed loop operation the HMC993LP5E is able to automatically adjust the RF gain over a gain adjustment range of up to 33.6 dB at 1900 MHz. The HMC993LP5E’s output dynamic range is a function of both input power level and the coupler ratio used to close the AGC loop. The combined effect of the input power and coupler ratio on the output power dynamic range is presented in Figures 6a and 6b. For high input power levels, the maximum level of output dynamic range is limited by the Psat of the VGA or the highest detectable power level by the log detector. To eliminate any limitations that can arise due to highest detectable log 25 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz Similarly, the lower side of the dynamic range is limited by the noise floor of the VGA or the lowest power level detectable by the log detector. To eliminate any limitations on the lower side of the dynamic range, the coupler ratio should be low enough to translate the minimum VGA output power level to a value higher than the lowest detectable log detector power level. Please also refer to the Log Detector section for more information. Figure 7a shows the output power vs. input power transfer characteristic of the HMC993LP5E over different VSET voltages for a closed AGC loop configuration. For low and high input power levels the HMC993LP5E attenuation rage is saturated and the output is a linear function of the input. For input power levels within the dynamic range, the HMC993LP5E automatically adjusts the attenuation level as shown in Figure 7b to maintain a constant output power level. When Vset=0.5 V, the output power level is set to -18.7 dBm and the HMC993LP5E’s AGC amplifier provides a gain control range of 33.6 dB from -40.2 dBm to -6.6 dBm with an excellent ripple within 0.7 dB. 5 VSET=0.3V VSET=0.5V VSET=0.7V -10 Vset = 0.3V Vset = 0.5V Vset = 0.7V 4 DETOUT (V) OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 0 -20 3 2 -30 1 20 dB coupler is used -40 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 20 dB coupler is used 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) Figure 7a: Output Power vs. input power over VSET, 2 attenuators @ 1900 MHz. 0 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT detector, a high enough coupler ratio should be chosen to translate the maximum VGA output power level to a value lower than the highest detectable log detector power level. INPUT POWER (dBm) Figure 7b: DETOUT vs. input power over VSET, 2 attenuators @ 1900 MHz.. Log Detector The logarithmic detector of the HMC993LP5E converts the average envelope of RF input power to a proportional DC voltage at its output (DETOUT), as shown in Figure 8. In detection mode, the DETOUT pin should be connected to the VSET input. The HMC993LP5E’s logarithmic detector employs a successive compression technology which delivers 50 dB of dynamic range (±1dB) with high conversion accuracy over a wide input frequency range. Note that the link between DETOUT and VCTRL pins must broken and DETOUT must connected to VSET via 1k Ohms resistor for LOGAMP operation. The HMC993LP5E’s logarithmic detector can be used in the controller mode where an external voltage is applied to the VSET pin to create an AGC loop. The linear-in-dB behavior of the HMC993LP5E’s VGA and logarithmic detector creates a linear AGC system. For linear operation, the signal fluctuations at the input of the log detector should remain within the dynamic range of the log detector. In closed loop AGC operation, the HMC993LP5E’s response to large input level changes is not slew-rate limited, and the speed of the transient response can be adjusted through loop filter capacitors C4 and C7 (see Figure 5). To achieve maximum gain adjustment range of the HMC993LP5E, the coupler ratio should be chosen based on the output power desired. A coupler ratio which translates the output power to the center (~-25dBm) of the usable dynamic For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected] 26 HMC993LP5E v00.0911 RF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROLLER (RF-AGC), 700 - 3000 MHz If the linear operation range of the HMC993LP5E is maximized by selecting the appropriate coupler ratio, the HMC993LP5E can handle larger changes in input level. For example, an input voltage of 0.5 V is applied to the Vset pin to set the constant output power level to -18.7 dBm. A coupler ratio of ~7 dB can be chosen to provide a maximum dynamic range of 33.6 dB. 1.5 900 MHz 1900 MHz 2400 MHz 2800 MHz 1.2 DETOUT (V) AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL - SMT range of the log detector should be chosen. The gain adjustment range of the HMC993L5E is maximized in this configuration. 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) Figure 8: DETOUT vs. input power over frequency. Loop Bandwidth and Response Time The AGC system has a response time to undesired input level fluctuations. Response time and the stability of the HMC993LP5E’s AGC loop is determined by C4 and C7 in the application schematic. The HMC993LP5E’s response to voltage changes in VSET with C4=C7=1μF when the input level is kept constant is shown in Figure 9. 4 3.5 VCTRL (V) 3 2.5 2 1.5 Pin = -10 dBm 1 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 TIME (ms) Figure 9: HMC993LP5E’s gain control voltage when VSET is toggled between 0.3V - 0.7V and input level is kept constant in closed loop. 27 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or [email protected]