Vector Signal Generator NI PXIe-5673, NI PXIe-5673E ◾◾ 85 MHz to 6.6 GHz frequency range ◾◾ >100 MHz bandwidth ◾◾ Up to +10 dBm RF power ◾◾ 112 dBc/Hz phase noise at 10 kHz offset at 1 GHz ◾◾ 66 dBc adjacent-channel leakage ratio for WCDMA-like signals ◾◾ <7.5 ms tuning time ◾◾ -64 dBc typical image rejection at 2.4 GHz ◾◾ -64 dBc typical carrier suppression at 2.4 GHz ◾◾ Full bandwidth streaming from disk (100 MS/s) ◾◾ RF List Mode support for NI PXIe-5673E Operating System ◾◾ Windows 7/Vista/XP/2000 Included Software ◾◾ NI Modulation Toolkit ◾◾ NI-RFSG driver Programming API ◾◾ LabVIEW Real-Time ◾◾ LabWindows™/CVI ◾◾ C++/.NET Overview As Figure 1 illustrates, the NI PXIe-5673 consists of the NI PXIe-5611 RF The NI PXIe-5673 and PXIe-5673E are wide-bandwidth 6.6 GHz RF vector signal generators. Combined with the appropriate software, an NI PXIe-5673/5673E can generate a variety of signals. With the NI Modulation Toolkit for LabVIEW, it can generate different waveforms including AM, FM, CPM, ASK, FSK, MSK, PSK, QAM (4, 16, 64, and 256), multitone signals, arbitrary waveforms, and many others. In addition, you can combine these vector signal generators with standard-specific software to generate signals for GPS, GSM/ EDGE/WCDMA, WLAN, WiMAX, DVB-C/H/C, ISDB-T, ZigBee, and others. With NI PXIe-5673/5673E stream-from-disk capabilities, you can generate continuous waveforms that are up to several terabytes in length. upconverter, the NI PXI-5652 RF continuous wave (CW) source, and the NI PXIe-5450 dual-channel arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). The NI PXI-5652 CW source uses a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) architecture, enabling frequency tuning times no greater than 6.5 ms. In addition, the NI PXIe-5450 AWG 16-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) generates baseband I and Q signals at data rates of up to 200 MS/s. At this sample rate, the generator is capable of producing more than 100 MHz of RF bandwidth. Figure 2 shows a QPSK signal with more than 100 MHz of bandwidth at 5.8 GHz. The signal represented is configured for a symbol rate of 100 MS/s and a root raised cosine filter with an alpha of 0.22. Basic Architecture The NI PXIe-5673 uses direct RF upconversion from differential baseband I and Q signals. A block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 1. NI PXIe-5450 NI PXIe-5611 DAC 90˚ DAC NI PXI-5652 Figure 1. Block Diagram of the NI PXIe-5673 Figure 2. QPSK Signal with Wide Bandwidth Vector Signal Generator Enhanced Architecture RF List Mode The NI PXIe-5673E (E for enhanced) offers additional performance and features The NI PXIe-5673E provides list mode support for fast and deterministic RF including RF List Mode support and configurable loop bandwidth for decreased configuration changes. You supply a configuration list, and the RF modules tuning times. As with the NI PXIe-5673, the NI PXIe-5673E comprises three proceed through the list without additional interaction with the host system and modular instruments. The NI PXIe-5450 is a dual-channel AWG that provides driver, making the configuration changes deterministic. Figure 4 illustrates this 16-bit digital-to-analog conversion and generates baseband I and Q signals at determinism with a single tone at 1 GHz stepping through six power levels in 7 dB data rates of up to 200 MS/s. You then can use an enhanced NI PXIe-5611 RF steps starting with -10 dBm and ending with -45 dBm and a 500 µs dwell time upconverter with an NI PXIe-565x CW source acting as the local oscillator (LO) specified for each step. Analysis was performed using the NI PXIe-5663E vector for direct upconversion to RF. signal analyzer. With the enhanced NI PXIe-5673E, you can configure a wide- or narrow-loop bandwidth for the VCO of an NI PXIe-565x. By using a wide-loop bandwidth, you increase tuning time at the expense of additional phase noise; if you require lower phase noise over faster tuning times for a particular measurement, you can specify a narrow phase-locked loop (PLL) bandwidth for best performance. You can achieve tuning times of less than 300 µs to under 0.1 ppm of the final frequency when using the wide-loop bandwidth configuration. Fast Waveform Downloads One of the biggest advantages of PXI Express instrumentation is the benefit of high-speed waveform transfer rates. Using an NI PXIe-5673/5673E, you can download waveforms onto an instrument’s memory significantly faster than with traditional instrumentation. Using a x4 PCI Express interface, you can download Figure 4. Deterministic 500 µs Power Steps Using the NI PXIe-5673E and RF List Mode waveforms to memory at speeds of up to 800 MB/s. You can use the NI PXIe-5673E in both open- and closed-loop scenarios Phase-Coherent Generation configuration to the next. In an open-loop situation, the NI PXIe-5673E advances to specify the source for the configuration trigger that advances from one The flexible architecture of an NI PXIe-5673/5673E enables multiple instruments through the list based on a user-defined time specification for each step. The to share a common start trigger, reference clock, and even an LO. As a result, you closed-loop scenario relies on an external trigger that may be provided by the can synchronize up to four NI PXIe-5673/5673E RF vector signal generators for device under test to advance through the RF configuration list. phase-coherent signal generation. A typical configuration of two synchronized generators is shown in Figure 3. With up to four channels of synchronized RF signal generation, you can easily address MIMO and beamforming applications. NI PXIe-5450 NI PXIe-5611 You can combine an NI PXIe-5673/5673E with a PXI RF vector signal analyzer for record and playback applications. Using a 2 TB redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) volume, you can continuously generate up to 100 MHz (400 MB/s) for more than 1.5 hours. In this application, an NI PXIe-5663/5663E vector DAC 90˚ DAC NI PXIe-5450 RF Record and Playback signal analyzer records up to two hours of continuous RF signal and the data is stored as a binary file on a RAID volume. The NI PXIe-5673/5673E then streams recorded waveforms from disk. In addition to recorded waveforms, you can use NI PXIe-5611 streaming technology to generate large simulated waveforms. High-Performance Signal Generation DAC 90˚ DAC NI PXI-5652 Higher-order modulation schemes such as 256-QAM require strong dynamic range and phase noise performance. Using an NI PXIe-5673/5673E, you can generate a variety of signals with significant accuracy. As shown in Figure 5, a loopback configuration with an NI PXIe-5673/5673E and NI PXIe-5663/5663E yields a typical EVM (RMS) measurement of 0.5 percent (1250 symbols, software Figure 3. Simplified Block Diagram of Synchronized RF Vector Signal Generators equalization disabled). BUY ONLINE at ni.com or C ALL 800 813 3693 (U.S.) 2 Vector Signal Generator Figure 5. Constellation Plot of 256-QAM In Figure 5, a center frequency of 1 GHz, a symbol rate of 5.36 MS/s, and a Figure 7. Spectrum of QPSK Signal at 1 GHz root raised cosine filter with 0.12 alpha was used. The RF power was set to -10 dBm A symbol rate of 3.84 MS/s and a root raised cosine filter with alpha 0.22 is and analysis was performed with the NI PXIe-5663. In addition, the wide used. As Figure 7 illustrates, an NI PXIe-5673/5673E yields an adjacent channel bandwidth of an NI PXIe-5673/5673E combined with high-performance image power measurement of better than -69 dBc rejection when configured with the rejection enabled the generation of modulated signals at high symbol rates. For settings described. example, Figure 5 shows a constellation plot of a 64-QAM signal at 40.99 MS/s with an RMS EVM of 0.9 percent (1250 symbols, equalization disabled). Flexible Software With NI Modulation Toolkit for LabVIEW software, you can operate an NI PXIe-5673/5673E as a general-purpose vector signal generator. Using NI LabVIEW or LabWindows/CVI example programs, you can generate a variety of modulated signals. These modules are programmed with the NI-RFSG driver, which contains several performance-enhancing characteristics. Using an optimized driver stack combined with fast-settling VCO-based hardware, you can tune an NI PXIe-5673/5673E to 0.1 ppm of its settling frequency with a typical tuning time of less than 1.5 ms. With the NI PXIe-5673E, a wide-loop bandwidth configuration results in tuning times to within 0.1 ppm of the final frequency in under 300 µs. You also can use the NI-RFSG driver to enhance the RF performance. With Figure 6. Constellation Plot of QPSK with 50 MHz of Bandwidth In Figure 6, a center frequency of 825 MHz was used. The RF power was set to -10 dBm and analysis was performed with the NI PXIe-5663. While an EVM of 0.9 percent is a nominal value, the typical result is 1.1 percent. an RF impairments API, you can manually or programmatically adjust I/Q impairments such as gain imbalance, DC offset, and quadrature skew. A LabVIEW property node that illustrates how you can adjust these parameters on the fly is shown in Figure 8. In addition, the combination of high dynamic range and a linear front end yields high-performance adjacent channel power measurements. In Figure 7, observe the spectrum for a QPSK signal at 1 GHz center frequency. Figure 8. RFSG Impairments Property Node BUY ONLINE at ni.com or C ALL 800 813 3693 (U.S.) 3 Vector Signal Generator Typical out-of-the-box image and carrier suppression is better than -60 dBc, but you can reduce suppression to better than -80 dBc for a particular frequency Ordering Information and temperature by adjusting quadrature impairments through the RFSG VQ NI PXIe-5673 impairments API. Figure 9 illustrates the carrier suppression at 1 GHz for a 10 MHz tone. 128 MB onboard memory...............................................................780418-01 512 MB onboard memory...............................................................780418-02 NI PXIe-5673E 128 MB onboard memory...............................................................781263-01 512 MB onboard memory...............................................................781263-02 Phase Coherent VSGs NI PXIe-5673/5673E VSG channel extension kit............................780485-01 NI PXIe-5673E two-channel VSG....................................................781340-02 NI PXIe-5673E three-channel VSG..................................................781340-03 NI PXIe-5673E four-channel VSG....................................................781340-04 BUY NOW For complete product specifications, pricing, and accessory information, call 800 813 3693 (U.S.) or go to ni.com/pxi. Figure 9. Use the impairments API to reduce image and carrier suppression. BUY ONLINE at ni.com or C ALL 800 813 3693 (U.S.) 4 Vector Signal Generator Specifications 2 50 100 150 –2 dBc 780416-0X – 85 MHz to 1.3 GHz – 780417-0X – 85 MHz to 3.3 GHz – 780418-0X – NI PXIe-5673 Part Number 85 MHz to 6.6 GHz – Frequency Range – 0 – Frequency –4 –6 Note: NI PXIe-5673 part numbers vary according to memory size. Bandwidth –8 The modulation bandwidth specification assumes the frequency range is between 85 MHz and 6.6 GHz. For example, 100 MHz bandwidth can be achieved at a frequency of 135 MHz but not 85 MHz. –150 – –10 –200 (3 dB double sideband).......................... >100 MHz – Modulation bandwidth –100 –50 0 MHz 200 Figure 3. Typical Modulation Bandwidth at 5.8 GHz Carrier Frequency Data streaming continuous transfer rate....................................... 500 MB/s, nominal 2 Tuning Resolution (NI 5650/5651/5652) – – – – – – 0 <1.3 GHz................................................. <1 Hz dBc –2 ≤1.3 to ≤3.3 GHz..................................... <2 Hz –4 ≤3.3 to ≤6.6 GHz..................................... <4 Hz –6 Frequency Settling Time –8 –100 –50 0 MHz 50 – – –150 – – –10 –200 100 150 0.1 x 10-6 of final frequency.................... <7.5 ms, maximum 200 Figure 1. Typical Modulation Bandwidth at 1 GHz Carrier Frequency In figures 1 through 5, typical modulation bandwidths show the actual baseband response. The usable bandwidth is limited by the NI 5450 I/Q generator sample rate from -80 to 80 MHz. The shaded area between the solid lines indicates the frequency range covered by this specification. dBc The frequency settling time specification includes only frequency settling and excludes any residual amplitude settling that may occur as a result of large frequency changes. Internal Frequency Reference (NI 5650/5651/5652) Frequency............................................... 10 MHz Initial accuracy....................................... ±3 x 10-6 2 Aging – – – – – Temperature stability (15 to 35 ˚C)........ ±1 x 10-6, maximum – 0 0.1 x 10-6 of final frequency.................... <3.5 ms, typical –2 Per year.............................................. ±5 x 10-6, maximum –4 External Reference Input (NI 5450) –6 Frequency............................................... 10 MHz –8 Amplitude............................................... 1.0 Vpk-pk to 5.0 Vpk-pk into 50 Ω Input impedance.................................... 50 Ω –100 –50 0 MHz 50 – – –150 – – –10 –200 100 150 200 Figure 2. Typical Modulation Bandwidth at 2.4 GHz Carrier Frequency Coupling................................................. AC External Reference Output (NI 5450) Frequency............................................... 10 MHz Reference clock out............................... 0.7 Vpk-pk into 50 ½, nominal Output impedance.................................. 50 ½ Coupling................................................. AC BUY ONLINE at ni.com or C ALL 800 813 3693 (U.S.) 5 Vector Signal Generator Spectral Purity Sideband Image Suppression Frequency Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) 100 MHz <-125 500 MHz <-112 1 GHz <-105 2 GHz Frequency 2 MHz Modulation Bandwidth 20 MHz Modulation Bandwidth ≥85 MHz to ≤400 MHz ≤-43 dBc ≤-41 dBc >400 MHz to ≤2.5 GHz ≤-50 dBc ≤-48 dBc >2.5 GHz to ≤5.5 GHz ≤-46 dBc ≤-45 dBc >5.5 GHz to ≤6.6 GHz ≤-43 dBc ≤-41 dBc <-98 3 GHz <-95 4 GHz <-93 5 GHz <-90 6.6 GHz <-90 Note: Measured with a test signal at a baseband frequency of 1 MHz. –42 – –44 – –46 – Table 1. Single Sideband Phase Noise at 10 kHz Offset –48 – –50 – –52 – –50 – Image Rejection (dBc) –54 – –60 – –70 – –90 – –58 – –60 – –62 – –64 – –66 – –68 – –100 – –70 – –72 – –110 – –74 – –120 – –76 – 100k 1M 0 – – – – – – – – – – – – 10M 20M 30M 40M 50M 60M 70M 80M Baseband Frequency (Hz) – – 10k – 1k – – – 100 – – –82 – –80M –70M –60M –50M –40M –30M –20M –10M – –140 – –150 – 10 – –80 – – 1 GHz LO 2.4 GHz LO 5.8 GHz LO –78 – –130 – – Power (dBc/Hz) –80 – –56 – 10 M Frequency Offset from Carrier (Hz) 2.4 GHz 1 GHz Figure 6. Typical Image Rejection versus Baseband Frequency 5.8 GHz Carrier Suppression Figure 4. Typical Phase Noise at 1, 2.4, and 5.8 GHz –50 – LO Frequency Carrier Suppression –60 – 85 MHz to 5.5 GHz -44 dBc, maximum –70 – 5.5 GHz to 6.6 GHz -41 dBc, maximum –90 – 0– –100 – –5 – –110 – –10 – –120 – –15 – –130 – 5.8 GHz using 10MHz backplane reference clock Figure 5. Typical Phase Noise at 5.8 GHz 5.8 GHz using external 10MHz reference clock across NI 5663 front panel –35 – –40 – –45 – –50 – –55 – –60 – –65 – –70 – 85M 1G 2G 3G 4G Carrier Frequency (Hz) 5G 6G – 5.8 GHz using internal 10MHz reference clock –30 – – 10 M – 1M – – 100k – – 10k – – 1k Frequency Offset from Carrier (Hz) –25 – – – 100 – – – –150 – 10 Carrier Suppression (dBc) –20 – –140 – – Power (dBc/Hz) –80 – 6.6G Figure 7. Typical Carrier Suppression BUY ONLINE at ni.com or C ALL 800 813 3693 (U.S.) 6 Vector Signal Generator Digital Modulation1 (Nominal) Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) EVM (%) Symbol Rate (MS/s) Bandwidth MER (dB) Root Raised Cosine Filter Alpha Value 825 MHz 3,400 MHz 5,800 MHz 825 MHz 3,400 MHz 5,800 MHz Onboard Reference Clock Source 0.16 200.00 kHz 0.25 0.3 0.7 1.0 51 43 40 0.80 1.00 MHz 0.22 0.4 0.7 1.0 48 42 40 4.09 4.98 MHz 0.25 0.6 0.8 1.2 45 42 38 QPSK, External Reference Clock Source (PXI Express Backplane Clock) 0.16 200.00 kHz 0.25 0.7 2 2.9 43 34 30 0.80 1.00 MHz 0.22 0.9 1.3 1.7 41 38 36 4.09 4.98 MHz 0.25 1.1 1.3 1.5 39 38 36 16-QAM, Onboard Reference Clock Source 17.6 22 MHz 0.25 0.7 1.4 1.8 41 35 32 32.0 40 MHz 0.25 1.1 2.4 2.5 36 29 29 16-QAM, External Reference Clock Source (PXI Express Backplane Clock) 17.6 22 MHz 0.25 1 1.5 1.9 37 34 32 32.0 40 MHz 0.25 1.4 2.5 2.6 35 29 29 6.16 MHz 0.15 0.4 0.6 1 44 40 37 6.95 7.99 MHz 0.15 0.5 0.7 1 43 39 36 40.99 50.00 MHz 0.22 1.3 2.8 2.6 34 27 28 64-QAM, Onboard Reference Clock Source 5.36 64-QAM, External Reference Clock Source (PXI Express Backplane Clock) 5.36 6.16 MHz 0.15 0.9 1 1.2 38 36 35 6.95 7.99 MHz 0.15 0.9 1.1 1.2 38 36 35 40.99 50.00 MHz 0.22 1.5 2.8 2.7 33 27 28 0.15 0.5 0.8 1.8 43 38 32 0.8 2 2.3 37 32 29 256-QAM, Onboard Reference Clock Source 6.95 7.99 MHz 256-QAM, External Reference Clock Source (PXI Express Backplane Clock) 6.95 7.99 MHz 0.15 All measurements were made with an NI 5673 and NI 5663 not phase-locked together. Number of symbols = 1,250 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) at -30 dBm for all measurements. No equalization in receiver demodulation. 1 BUY ONLINE at ni.com or C ALL 800 813 3693 (U.S.) 7 Vector Signal Generator –20 The specifications in figures 8 through 11 were measured under the –30 following conditions: ◾◾ Modulation: QPSK –40 Power (dBm) –50 ◾◾ Symbol rate: 3.84 MS/s –60 –70 ◾◾ Filter: root raised cosine with alpha value of 0.22 –80 ◾◾ Filter length: 128 symbols –90 ◾◾ RF power: set to -10 dBm –100 –110 812M 814M 816M 818M 820M 822M 824M 826M 828M 830M 832M 834M 836M 838M Frequency (Hz) ◾◾ Prefilter gain: set to -5 dB ◾◾ Number of averages by receiver: 100 Figure 8. Typical Adjacent Channel Power at 825 MHz ◾◾ Noise cancellation: On –20 –30 –40 Power (dBm) –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 2.39G 2.392G 2.392G 2.396G 2.398G 2.4G 2.402G 2.404G 2.406G 2.408G 2.41G Frequency (Hz) Figure 9. Typical Adjacent Channel Power at 2.4 GHz –20 –30 –40 Power (dBm) –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 3.388G 3.39G 3.392G 3.394G 3.396G 3.398G 3.4G 3.402G 3.404G 3.406G 3.408G 3.41G 3.412G 6.01G 6.012G Frequency (Hz) Figure 10. Typical Adjacent Channel Power at 3.4 GHz –20 –30 –40 Power (dBm) –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 5.988G 5.99G 5.992G 5.994G 5.996G 5.998G 6G 6.002G 6.004G 6.006G 6.008G Frequency (Hz) Figure 11. Typical Adjacent Channel Power at 5.8 GHz BUY ONLINE at ni.com or C ALL 800 813 3693 (U.S.) 8 NI Services and Support your needs around the globe and through PL AN MA IN NI has the services and support to meet IN TA the application life cycle – from planning and development through deployment and SERVICE NEEDS ongoing maintenance. We offer services P DE EL OP and service levels to meet customer LO Y requirements in research, design, validation, V DE and manufacturing. Visit ni.com/services. 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