PCM1608 PCM 160 8 SBAS164A – MARCH 2001 24-Bit, 192kHz Sampling, 8-Channel, Enhanced Multilevel, Delta-Sigma DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER FEATURES APPLICATIONS ● 24-BIT RESOLUTION ● INTEGRATED A/V RECEIVERS ● ANALOG PERFORMANCE: Dynamic Range: 100dB typ (PCM1608Y) 105dB typ (PCM1608KY) SNR: 100dB typ (PCM1608Y) 105dB typ (PCM1608KY) THD+N: 0.003% typ (PCM1608Y) 0.002% typ (PCM1608KY) Full-Scale Output: 3.1Vp-p typ ● DVD MOVIE AND AUDIO PLAYERS ● 4x/8x OVERSAMPLING INTERPOLATION FILTER: Stopband Attenuation: –55dB Passband Ripple: ±0.03dB ● SAMPLING FREQUENCY: 5kHz to 200kHz (Channels 1, 2, 7, and 8) 5kHz to 100kHz (Channels 3, 4, 5, and 6) DESCRIPTION ● HDTV RECEIVERS ● CAR AUDIO SYSTEMS ● DVD ADD-ON CARDS FOR HIGH-END PCs ● DIGITAL AUDIO WORKSTATIONS ● OTHER MULTICHANNEL AUDIO SYSTEMS ● ACCEPTS 16-, 18-, 20-, AND 24-BIT AUDIO DATA ● DATA FORMATS: Standard, I2S, and Left-Justified ● SYSTEM CLOCK: 128, 192, 256, 384, 512, or 768fS ● USER-PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTIONS: Digital Attenuation: 0dB to –63dB, 0.5dB/Step Soft Mute Zero Flags May Be Used As GeneralPurpose Logic Output Digital De-Emphasis Digital Filter Roll-Off: Sharp or Slow The PCM1608 is a CMOS monolithic integrated circuit that features eight 24-bit audio Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) and support circuitry in a small LQFP-48 package. The DACs utilize Texas Instrument’s enhanced multi-level, deltasigma architecture that employs fourth-order noise shaping and 8-level amplitude quantization to achieve excellent signal-tonoise performance and a high tolerance to clock jitter. The PCM1608 accepts industry-standard audio data formats with 16- to 24-bit audio data. Sampling rates up to 200kHz (channels 1, 2, 7, and 8) or 100kHz (channels 3, 4, 5, and 6) are supported. A full set of user-programmable functions are accessible through a 4-wire serial control port that supports register write and read functions. ● DUAL-SUPPLY OPERATION: +5V Analog, +3.3V Digital ● +5V TOLERANT DIGITAL LOGIC INPUTS ● PACKAGE: LQFP-48 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Copyright © 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. www.ti.com PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION PRODUCT PACKAGE PACKAGE DRAWING NUMBER PCM1608Y SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE MARKING ORDERING NUMBER(1) TRANSPORT MEDIA PCM1608Y PCM1608Y/2K PCM1608KY PCM1608KY/2K 250-Piece Tray Tape and Reel 250-Piece Tray Tape and Reel LQFP-48 340 –25°C to +85°C PCM1608Y " " " " " PCM1608KY LQFP-48 340 –25°C to +85°C PCM1608KY " " " " " NOTE: (1) Models with a slash (/) are available only in Tape and Reel in the quantities indicated (e.g., /2K indicates 2000 devices per reel). Ordering 2000 pieces of “PCM1608Y/2K” will get a single 2000-piece Tape and Reel. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Power Supply Voltage, VDD .............................................................. +4.0V VCC .............................................................. +6.5V Ground Voltage Differences .............................................................. ±0.1V Digital Input Voltage ................................................ –0.3V to (6.5V + 0.3V) Input Current (except power supply) ............................................... ±10mA Operating Temperature Under Bias ................................ –40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature ...................................................... –55°C to +150°C Junction Temperature .................................................................... +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5s) ................................................. +260°C Package Temperature (IR reflow, 10s) .......................................... +235°C ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS All specifications at TA = +25°C, VCC = 5.0V, VDD = 3.3V, system clock = 384fS (fS = 44.1kHz), and 24-bit data, unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN RESOLUTION DATA FORMAT Audio Data Interface Formats Audio Data Bit Length Audio Data Format Sampling Frequency (fS) DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE(3) (4) PCM1608Y THD+N at VOUT = 0dB THD+N at VOUT = –60dB Dynamic Range Signal-to-Noise Ratio Channel Separation Level Linearity Error 2 MAX 24 VOUT 1, 2, 7, 8 VOUT 3, 4, 5, 6 System Clock Frequency DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT Logic Family Input Logic Level VIH VIL Input Logic Current IIH(1) IIL(1) IIH(2) IIL(2) Output Logic Level VOH VOL PCM1608Y PCM1608KY TYP UNITS Bits Standard, I2S, Left-Justified 16, 18, 20, 24-Bits Selectable MSB-First, Binary Two’s Complement 5 200 5 100 128, 192, 256, 384, 512, 768fS kHz kHz TTL-Compatible 2.0 VIN = VDD VIN = 0V VIN = VDD VIN = 0V IOH = –4mA IOL = +4mA fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192Hz fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192kHz EIAJ, A-Weighted, fS = 44.1kHz A-Weighted, fS = 96kHz A-Weighted, fS = 192kHz EIAJ, A-Weighted, fS = 44.1kHz A-Weighted, fS = 96kHz A-Weighted, fS = 192kHz fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192kHz VOUT = –90dB 65 0.8 VDC VDC 10 –10 100 –10 µA µA µA µA 1.0 VDC VDC 2.4 94 94 91 0.003 0.005 0.006 1.25 1.40 1.65 100 99 98 100 99 98 98 97 96 ±0.5 0.01 % % % % % % dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB PCM1608 SBAS164A ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.) All specifications at TA = +25°C, VCC = 5.0V, VDD = 3.3V, system clock = 384fS (fS = 44.1kHz), and 24-bit data, unless otherwise noted. PCM1608Y PCM1608KY PARAMETER CONDITIONS PCM1608KY THD+N at VOUT = 0dB fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192kHz fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192kHz EIAJ, A-Weighted, fS = 44.1kHz A-Weighted, fS = 96kHz A-Weighted, fS = 192kHz EIAJ, A-Weighted, fS = 44.1kHz A-Weighted, fS = 96kHz A-Weighted, fS = 192kHz fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192kHz VOUT = –90dB THD+N at VOUT = –60dB Dynamic Range Signal-to-Noise Ratio Channel Separation Level Linearity Error DC ACCURACY Gain Error Gain Mismatch, Channel-to-Channel Bipolar Zero Error 98 98 94 VOUT = 0.5VCC at Bipolar Zero ANALOG OUTPUT Output Voltage Center Voltage Load Impedance Full Scale (–0dB) AC Load DIGITAL FILTER PERFORMANCE Filter Characteristics 1, Sharp Roll-Off Passband Passband Stopband Passband Ripple Stopband Attenuation Stopband Attenuation TYP MAX UNITS 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.7 0.9 1.0 105 103 102 105 103 102 103 101 100 ±0.5 0.008 % % % % % % dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB ±1.0 ±1.0 ±30 ±6 ±3 ±60 % of FSR % of FSR mV 5 0.454fS 0.487fS 0.546fS Stopband = 0.546fS Stopband = 0.567fS ±0.03 –50 –55 ±0.5dB –3dB ANALOG FILTER PERFORMANCE Frequency Response +3.0 +4.5 fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192kHz fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192kHz fS = 44.1kHz fS = 96kHz fS = 192kHz ICC Power Dissipation ±0.5 20/fS ±0.1 dB dB sec dB –0.03 –0.20 dB dB –40 f = 20kHz f = 44kHz POWER-SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS(4) Voltage Range, VDD VCC Supply Current, IDD(5) +3.3 +5.0 18 40 40 33 36 36 224 312 312 –25 θJA LQFP-48 dB dB dB 0.198fS 0.390fS 0.884fS Stopband = 0.884fS Vp-p VDC kΩ 62% of VCC 50% VCC ±0.03dB –3dB Filter Characteristics 2, Slow Roll-Off Passband Passband Stopband Passband Ripple Stopband Attenuation Delay Time De-Emphasis Error TEMPERATURE RANGE Operation Temperature Thermal Resistance MIN +3.6 +5.5 25 46 313 +85 100 VDC VDC mA mA mA mA mA mA mW mW mW °C °C/W NOTES: (1) Pins 31, 38, 40, 41, 45-47 (DATA4, SCKI, BCK, LRCK, DATA1, DATA2, DATA3). (2) Pins 34-37 (MDI, MC, ML, RST). (3) Analog performance specifications are tested with a Shibasoku #725 THD Meter with 400Hz HPF on, 30kHz LPF on, average mode with 20kHz bandwidth limiting. The load connected to the analog output is 5kΩ, or larger, via capacitive loading. (4) Conditions in 192kHz operation are: system clock = 128fS, DAC3 through DAC6 disabled in Register 8, and oversampling rate = 64fS in Register 12. (5) CLKO is disabled. PCM1608 SBAS164A 3 BLOCK DIAGRAM BCK DAC Output Amp and Low-Pass Filter VOUT1 DAC Output Amp and Low-Pass Filter VOUT2 DAC Output Amp and Low-Pass Filter VOUT3 DAC Output Amp and Low-Pass Filter VOUT4 VCOM DAC Output Amp and Low-Pass Filter VOUT5 DAC Output Amp and Low-Pass Filter VOUT6 DAC Output Amp and Low-Pass Filter VOUT7 DAC Output Amp and Low-Pass Filter VOUT8 LRCK DATA1 (1,2) DATA2 (3,4) Serial Input I/F DATA3 (5,6) DATA4 (7,8) 4x/8x Oversampling Digital Filter with Function Controller TEST Enhanced Multi-Level Delta-Sigma Modulator RST ML MC Function Control I/F MDI MDO System Clock VCC1-5 VDD ZERO8 ZERO7 ZERO6/GPO6 ZERO5/GPO5 ZERO4/GPO4 ZERO3/GPO3 ZERO2/GPO2 ZERO1/GPO1 ZEROA AGND1-6 Power Supply Zero Detect DGND System Clock Manager SCKO SCKI MDO ZERO8 DATA4 ZERO7 NC 34 33 32 31 30 29 27 26 25 RST 37 24 VCC3 SCKI 38 23 AGND3 SCKO 39 22 VCC4 BCK 40 21 AGND4 LRCK 41 20 VOUT8 19 AGND6 VDD 43 18 VCC5 DGND 44 17 AGND5 DATA1 45 16 VOUT7 DATA2 46 15 VCOM DATA3 47 14 VOUT1 ZEROA 48 13 VOUT2 TEST 42 4 28 LQFP AGND2 MDI 35 VCC2 MC 36 AGND1 ML Top View VCC1 PIN CONFIGURATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ZERO1/GPO1 ZERO2/GPO2 ZERO3/GPO3 ZERO4/GPO4 ZERO5/GPO5 ZERO6/GPO6 NC NC VOUT6 VOUT5 VOUT4 VOUT3 PCM1608 PCM1608 SBAS164A PIN ASSIGNMENTS PIN NAME I/O DESCRIPTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 ZERO1/GPO1 ZERO2/GPO2 ZERO3/GPO3 ZERO4/GPO4 ZERO5/GPO5 ZERO6/GPO6 NC NC VOUT6 VOUT5 VOUT4 VOUT3 VOUT2 VOUT1 VCOM VOUT7 AGND5 VCC5 AGND6 VOUT8 AGND4 VCC4 AGND3 VCC3 AGND2 VCC2 AGND1 VCC1 NC ZERO7 DATA4 ZERO8 MDO MDI MC ML RST SCKI SCKO BCK LRCK TEST VDD DGND DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 ZEROA O O O O O O — — O O O O O O O O — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — O I I I I I O I I — — — I I I O Zero Data Flag for VOUT1. Can also be used as GPO pin. Zero Data Flag for VOUT2. Can also be used as GPO pin. Zero Data Flag for VOUT3. Can also be used as GPO pin. Zero Data Flag for VOUT4. Can also be used as GPO pin. Zero Data Flag for VOUT5. Can also be used as GPO pin. Zero Data Flag for VOUT6. Can also be used as GPO pin. No Connection No Connection Voltage Output of Audio Signal Corresponding to Rch on DATA3. Up to 96kHz. Voltage Output of Audio Signal Corresponding to Lch on DATA3. Up to 96kHz. Voltage Output of Audio Signal Corresponding to Rch on DATA2. Up to 96kHz. Voltage Output of Audio Signal Corresponding to Lch on DATA2. Up to 96kHz. Voltage Output of Audio Signal Corresponding to Rch on DATA1. Up to 192kHz. Voltage Output of Audio Signal Corresponding to Lch on DATA1. Up to 192kHz. Common Voltage Output. This pin should be bypassed with a 10µF capacitor to AGND. Voltage Output for Audio Signal Corresponding to Lch on DATA4. Up to 192kHz. Analog Ground Analog Power Supply, +5V Analog Ground Voltage Output for Audio Signal Corresponding to Rch on DATA4. Up to 192kHz. Analog Ground Analog Power Supply, +5V Analog Ground Analog Power Supply, +5V Analog Ground Analog Power Supply, +5V Analog Ground Analog Power Supply, +5V No Connection Zero Data Flag for VOUT7 Serial Audio Data Input for VOUT7 and VOUT8(2) Zero Data Flag for VOUT8 Serial Data Output for Serial Control Port(3) Serial Data Input for Serial Control Port(1) Shift Clock for Serial Control Port(1) Latch Enable for Serial Control Port(1) System Reset, Active LOW(1) System Clock Input. Input frequency is 128, 192, 256, 384, 512, or 768fS.(2) Buffered Clock Output. Output frequency is 128, 192, 256, 384, 512, or 768fS, or one-half of 128, 192, 256, 384, 512, or 768fS. Shift Clock Input for Serial Audio Data. Clock must be 32, 48, or 64fS.(2) Left and Right Clock Input. This clock is equal to the sampling rate, fS.(2) Test Pin. This pin should be connected to DGND.(1) Digital Power Supply, +3.3V Digital Ground Serial Audio Data Input for VOUT1 and VOUT2(2) Serial Audio Data Input for VOUT3 and VOUT4(2) Serial Audio Data Input for VOUT5 and VOUT6(2) Zero Data Flag. Logical “AND” of ZERO1 through ZERO6. NOTES: (1) Schmitt-Trigger input with internal pull-down, 5V tolerant. (2) Schmitt-Trigger input, 5V tolerant. (3) Tri-state output. PCM1608 SBAS164A 5 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS All specifications at TA = +25°C, VCC = 5.0V, VDD = 3.3V, system clock = 384fS (fS = 44.1kHz), and 24-bit input data, unless otherwise noted. DIGITAL FILTER Digital Filter (De-Emphasis Off, fS = 44.1kHz) FREQUENCY RESPONSE PASSBAND (Sharp Roll-Off) FREQUENCY RESPONSE (Sharp Roll-Off) 0 0.05 0.04 –20 0.03 0.02 Amplitude (dB) Amplitude (dB) –40 –60 –80 –100 0.01 0 –0.01 –0.02 –0.03 –120 –0.04 –0.05 –140 0 1 2 3 4 0 0.1 0.2 Frequency (x fS) 0.3 0.4 0.5 Frequency (x fS) TRANSITION CHARACTERISTICS (Slow Roll-Off) FREQUENCY RESPONSE (Slow Roll-Off) 0 5 4 –20 3 2 Amplitude (dB) Amplitude (dB) –40 –60 –80 –100 1 0 –1 –2 –3 –120 –4 –5 –140 0 1 2 3 0 4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Frequency (x fS) Frequency (x fS) De-Emphasis and De-Emphasis Error DE-EMPHASIS ERROR (fS = 32kHz) 0.5 –1.0 0.4 –2.0 0.3 –3.0 0.2 –4.0 0.1 Error (dB) Level (dB) DE-EMPHASIS (fS = 32kHz) 0.0 –5.0 –6.0 –7.0 –0.2 –8.0 –0.3 –9.0 –0.4 –10.0 –0.5 0 2 4 6 8 Frequency (kHz) 6 0.0 –0.1 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Frequency (kHz) PCM1608 SBAS164A TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.) All specifications at TA = +25°C, VCC = 5.0V, VDD = 3.3V, system clock = 384fS (fS = 44.1kHz), and 24-bit input data, unless otherwise noted. De-Emphasis and De-Emphasis Error (Cont.) DE-EMPHASIS ERROR (fS = 44.1kHz) 0.5 –1.0 0.4 –2.0 0.3 –3.0 0.2 –4.0 0.1 Error (dB) Level (dB) DE-EMPHASIS (fS = 44.1kHz) 0.0 –5.0 –6.0 0.0 –0.1 –7.0 –0.2 –8.0 –0.3 –9.0 –0.4 –10.0 –0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 Frequency (kHz) 10 12 14 16 18 20 DE-EMPHASIS ERROR (fS = 48kHz) DE-EMPHASIS (fS = 48kHz) 0.0 0.5 –1.0 0.4 –2.0 0.3 –3.0 0.2 –4.0 0.1 Error (dB) Level (dB) 8 Frequency (kHz) –5.0 –6.0 0.0 –0.1 –7.0 –0.2 –8.0 –0.3 –9.0 –0.4 –0.5 –10.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 Frequency (kHz) 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Frequency (kHz) ANALOG DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE All specifications at TA = +25°C, VCC = 5.0V, VDD = 3.3V, and 24-bit input data, unless otherwise noted. Conditions in 192kHz operation are: system clock = 128fS, DAC3 through DAC6 = disable of Register 8, and oversampling rate = 64fS of Redister 12. Supply-Voltage Characteristics THD+N vs VCC (VDD = 3.3V) 10 DYNAMIC RANGE vs VCC (VDD = 3.3V) 110 –60dB/96kHz, 384fS –60dB/192kHz, 384fS 108 Dynamic Range (dB) THD+N (%) 1 –60dB/44.1kHz, 384fS 0.1 0dB/192kHz, 384fS 0dB/96kHz, 384fS 0.01 0.001 44.1kHz, 384fS 106 104 96kHz, 384fS 102 100 192kHz, 384fS 98 0dB/44.1kHz, 384fS 0.0001 96 4 4.5 5 VCC (V) PCM1608 SBAS164A 5.5 6 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 VCC (V) 7 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.) All specifications at TA = +25°C, VCC = 5.0V, VDD = 3.3V, and 24-bit input data, unless otherwise noted. Conditions in 192kHz operation are: system clock = 128fS, DAC3 through DAC6 = disable of Register 8, and oversampling rate = 64fS of Redister 12. Supply-Voltage Characteristics (Cont.) SNR vs VCC (VDD = 3.3V) 108 108 Channel Separation (dB) 110 44.1kHz, 384fS 106 SNR (dB) CHANNEL SEPARATION vs VCC (VDD = 3.3V) 110 96kHz, 384fS 104 102 192kHz, 384fS 100 98 106 44.1kHz, 384fS 104 96kHz, 384fS 102 100 192kHz, 384fS 98 96 96 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 4 4.5 5 VCC (V) 5.5 6 VCC (V) Temperature Characteristics DYNAMIC RANGE vs TA THD+N vs TA 110 10 –60dB/192kHz, 384fS –60dB/96kHz, 384fS 108 Dynamic Range (dB) THD+N (%) 1 –60dB/44.1kHz, 384fS 0.1 0dB/192kHz, 384fS 0dB/96kHz, 384fS 0.01 0.001 106 44.1kHz, 384fS 104 96kHz, 384fS 102 192kHz, 384fS 100 98 0dB/44.1kHz, 384fS 96 0.0001 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 –50 –25 0 Temperature (°C) 108 108 44.1kHz, 384fS 104 96kHz, 384fS 102 192kHz, 384fS 100 98 75 100 75 100 106 104 44.1kHz, 384fS 102 96kHz, 384fS 100 192kHz, 384fS 98 96 96 –50 –25 0 25 Temperature (°C) 8 50 CHANNEL SEPARATION vs TA 110 Channel Separation (dB) SNR (dB) SNR vs TA 110 106 25 Temperature (°C) 50 75 100 –50 –25 0 25 50 Temperature (°C) PCM1608 SBAS164A SYSTEM CLOCK AND RESET FUNCTIONS SYSTEM CLOCK OUTPUT A buffered version of the system clock input is available at the SCKO output (pin 39). SCKO can operate at either full (fSCKI) or half (fSCKI/2) rate. The SCKO output frequency may be programmed using the CLKE bit of Register 9. If the SCKO output is not required, it is recommended to disable it using the CLKE bit. The default is SCKO enabled. SYSTEM CLOCK INPUT The PCM1608 requires a system clock for operating the digital interpolation filters and multilevel delta-sigma modulators. The system clock is applied at the SCKI input (pin 38). Table I shows examples of system clock frequencies for common audio sampling rates. POWER-ON AND EXTERNAL RESET FUNCTIONS Figure 1 shows the timing requirements for the system clock input. For optimal performance, it is important to use a clock source with low phase jitter and noise. The PLL1700 multiclock generator from Texas Instruments is an excellent choice for providing the PCM1608 system clock. The PCM1608 includes a power-on reset function, as shown in Figure 2. With the system clock active, and VDD > 2.0V (typical, 1.6V to 2.4V), the power-on reset function will be enabled. The initialization sequence requires 1024 system clocks from the time VDD > 2.0V. After the initialization period, the PCM1608 will be set to its reset default state, as described in the Mode Control Register section of this data sheet. The 192kHz sampling frequency operation is available on DATA1 for VOUT1 and VOUT2, and DATA4 for VOUT7 and VOUT8. It is recommended that VOUT3, VOUT4, VOUT5, and VOUT6 be disabled when operating with fS = 192kHz. This is done by setting the DAC3, DAC4, DAC5, and DAC6 bits of Register 9 to a “1” state. The PCM1608 also includes an external reset capability using the RST input (pin 37). This allows an external SYSTEM CLOCK FREQUENCY (fSCLK) (MHz) SAMPLING FREQUENCY 128fS 192fS 256fS 384fS 512fS 768fS 8kHz 16kHz 32kHz 44.1kHz 48kHz 96kHz 192kHz — — — — — — 24.5760 — — — — — — 36.8640 2.0480 4.0960 8.1920 11.2896 12.2880 24.5760 (2) 3.0720 6.1440 12.2880 16.9344 18.4320 36.8640 (2) 4.0960 8.1920 16.3840 22.5792 24.5760 49.1520 (2) 6.1440 12.2880 24.5760 33.8688 36.8640 (1) (2) NOTES: (1) The 768fS system clock rate is not supported for fS > 64kHz. (2) This system clock is not supported for the given sampling frequency. TABLE I. System Clock Rates for Common Audio Sampling Frequencies. tSCKH 2.0V System Clock 0.8V tSCKL System Clock Pulse Cycle Time(1) System Clock Pulse Width HIGH tSCKH: 7ns (min) System Clock Pulse Width LOW tSCKL: 7ns (min) NOTE: (1) 1/128fS, 1/256fS, 1/384fS, 1/512fS, and 1/768fS. FIGURE 1. System Clock Timing. 2.4V VDD 2.0V 1.6V 0V Reset Reset Removal Internal Reset Don’t Care 1024 System Clocks System Clock FIGURE 2. Power-On Reset Timing. PCM1608 SBAS164A 9 controller or master reset circuit to force the PCM1608 to initialize to its reset default state. For normal operation, RST should be set to a logic “1”. The external reset operation and timing is shown in Figure 3. The RST pin is set to logic “0” for a minimum of 20ns. After the initialization sequence is completed, the PCM1608 will be set to its reset default state, as described in the Mode Control Registers section of this data sheet. During the reset period (1024 system clocks), the analog outputs are forced to the bipolar zero level (or VCC/2). After the reset period, the internal registers are initialized in the next 1/fS period and, if SCKI, BCK, and LRCK are provided continuously, the PCM1608 provides proper analog output with unit-group delay, as specified in this data sheet. The external reset is especially useful in applications where there is a delay between PCM1608 power-up and system clock activation. In this case, the RST pin should be held at a logic “0” level until the system clock has been activated. AUDIO SERIAL INTERFACE The audio serial interface for the PCM1608 is comprised of a 5-wire synchronous serial port. It includes LRCK (pin 41), BCK (pin 40), DATA1 (pin 45), DATA2 (pin 46), DATA3 (pin 47), and DATA4 (pin 31). BCK is the serial audio bit clock, and is used to clock the serial data present on DATA1, DATA2, DATA3, and DATA4 into the audio interface’s serial shift register. Serial data is clocked into the PCM1608 on the rising edge of BCK. LRCK is the serial audio left/right word clock. It is used to latch serial data into the serial audio interface’s internal registers. Both LRCK and BCK must be synchronous to the system clock. Ideally, it is recommended that LRCK and BCK be derived from the system clock input, SCKI. LRCK is operated at the sampling frequency (fS). BCK may be operated at 32, 48, or 64 times the sampling frequency (I2S format does not support BCK = 32fS). Internal operation of the PCM1608 is synchronized with LRCK. Accordingly, it is held when the sampling rate clock of LRCK is changed, or SCKI and/or BCK is broken at least for one clock cycle. If SCKI, BCK, and LRCK are provided continuously after this hold condition, the internal operation will be resynchronized automatically, less than 3/fS period. In this resynchronize period, and following 3/fS, the analog outputs are forced to the bipolar zone level (or VCC/2). External resettling is not required. AUDIO DATA FORMATS AND TIMING The PCM1608 supports industry-standard audio data formats, including Standard, I2S, and Left-Justified (see Figure 4). Data formats are selected using the format bits, FMT[2:0], in Register 9. The default data format is 24-bit Standard. All formats require Binary Two’s Complement, MSB-first audio data. See Figure 5 for a detailed timing diagram of the serial audio interface. DATA1, DATA2, DATA3, and DATA4 each carry two audio channels, designated as the Left and Right channels. The Left channel data always precedes the Right channel data in the serial data stream for all data formats. Table II shows the mapping of the digital input data to the analog output pins. DATA INPUT CHANNEL ANALOG OUTPUT DATA1 Left VOUT1(1) DATA1 Right VOUT2(1) DATA2 Left VOUT3(2) DATA2 Right VOUT4(2) DATA3 Left VOUT5(2) DATA3 Right VOUT6(2) DATA4 Left VOUT7(1) DATA4 Right VOUT8(1) NOTES: (1) Up to 192kHz. (2) Up to 96kHz, forced to bipolar zero when fS = 96kHz. TABLE II. Audio Input Data to Analog Output Mapping. RST Reset Reset Removal Internal Reset 1024 System Clocks System Clock FIGURE 3. External Reset Timing. 10 PCM1608 SBAS164A SERIAL CONTROL INTERFACE The serial control interface is a 4-wire synchronous serial port that operates asynchronously to the serial audio interface. The serial control interface is utilized to program and read the on-chip mode registers. The control interface includes MDO (pin 33), MDI (pin 34), MC (pin 35), and ML (pin 36). MDO is the serial data output, used to read back the values of the mode registers; MDI is the serial data input, used to program the mode registers; MC is the serial bit clock, used to shift data in and out of the control port; and ML is the control port latch clock. (1) Standard Data Format: L-Channel = HIGH, R-Channel = LOW 1/fS LRCK R-Channel L-Channel BCK (= 32fS, 48fS or 64fS) 16-Bit Right-Justified, BCK = 48fS or 64fS DATA 14 15 16 1 14 15 16 3 MSB 16-Bit Right-Justified, BCK = 32fS DATA 2 1 2 3 14 15 16 1 LSB 14 15 16 MSB 3 14 15 16 MSB 1 LSB 2 2 3 LSB 14 15 16 MSB LSB 18-Bit Right-Justified DATA 16 17 18 1 2 3 MSB 16 17 18 1 LSB 2 17 18 MSB LSB 20-Bit Right-Justified DATA 18 19 20 1 2 3 18 19 20 MSB 24-Bit Right-Justified DATA 22 23 24 1 2 1 LSB 3 22 23 24 MSB 3 18 19 20 MSB 1 LSB 2 2 LSB 3 22 23 24 MSB LSB (2) I2S Data Format: L-Channel = LOW, R-Channel = HIGH 1/fS LRCK L-Channel R-Channel BCK (= 48fS or 64fS) DATA 1 2 N-2 N-1 N 3 MSB 1 LSB (3) Left-Justified Data Format: L-Channel = HIGH, R-Channel = LOW 2 N-2 N-1 N 3 MSB 1 2 1 2 LSB 1/fS L-Channel LRCK R-Channel BCK (= 32fS, 48fS or 64fS) DATA 1 2 3 MSB N-2 N-1 N LSB 1 MSB 2 3 N-2 N-1 N LSB FIGURE 4. Audio Data Input Formats. PCM1608 SBAS164A 11 LRCK 50% of VDD tBCH tBCL tLB BCK 50% of VDD tBCY tBL DATA1,DATA2, DATA3, DATA4 50% of VDD tDS SYMBOL tDH PARAMETER MIN BCK Pulse Cycle Time BCK High Level Time BCK Low Level Time BCK Rising Edge to LRCK Edge LRCK Falling Edge to BCK Rising Edge DATA Set Up Time DATA Hold Time tBCY tBCH tBCL tBL tLB tDS tDH MAX 32, 48, or 64fS UNITS (1) 35 35 10 10 10 10 ns ns ns ns ns ns NOTE: (1) fS is the sampling frequency (e.g., 44.1kHz, 48kHz, 96kHz, etc.) FIGURE 5. Audio Interface Timing. REGISTER WRITE OPERATION All Write operations for the serial control port use 16-bit data words. Figure 6 shows the control data word format. The most significant bit is the Read/Write (R/W) bit. When set to “0”, this bit indicates a Write operation. There are seven bits, labeled IDX[6:0], that set the register index (or address) for the Write operation. The least significant eight bits, D[7:0], contain the data to be written to the register specified by IDX[6:0]. Figure 7 shows the functional timing diagram for writing the serial control port. ML is held at a logic “1” state until a register needs to be written. To start the register write cycle, ML is set to logic “0”. Sixteen clocks are then provided on MC, corresponding to the 16-bits of the control data word on MDI. After the sixteenth clock cycle has completed, ML is set to logic “1” to latch the data into the indexed mode control register. SINGLE REGISTER READ OPERATION Read operations utilize the 16-bit control word format shown in Figure 6. For Read operations, the R/W bit is set to “1”. Read operations ignore the index bits, IDX[6:0], of the control data word. Instead, the REG[6:0] bits in Control Register 11 are used to set the index of the register that is to be read during the Read operation. Bits IDX[6:0] should be set to 00H for Read operations. MSB R/W LSB IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 D7 D6 D5 Register Index (or Address) D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D1 D0 X Register Data Read/Write Operation 0 = Write Operation 1 = Read Operation (register index is ignored) FIGURE 6. Control Data Word Format for MDI. ML MC MDI X R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 X RW IDX6 FIGURE 7. Write Operation Timing. 12 PCM1608 SBAS164A AUTO-INCREMENT READ OPERATION The Auto-Increment Read function allows for multiple registers to be read sequentially. The Auto-Increment Read function is enabled by setting the INC bit of Control Register 11 to “1”. The sequence always starts with Register 1, and ends with the register indexed by the REG[6:0] bits in Control Register 11. Figure 8 shows the timing of the Auto-Increment Read operation. The operation begins by writing Control Register 11, setting INC to “1”, and setting REG[6:0] to the last register to be read in the sequence. The actual Read operation starts on the next HIGH to LOW transition of the ML pin. The details of the Read operation are shown in Figure 8. First, Control Register 11 must be written with the index of the register to be read back. Additionally, the INC bit must be set to logic “0” in order to disable the Auto-Increment Read function. The Read cycle is then initiated by setting ML to logic “0” and setting the R/W bit of the control data word to logic “1”, indicating a Read operation. MDO remains at a high-impedance state until the last eight bits of the 16-bit read cycle, which corresponds to the eight data bits of the register indexed by the REG[6:0] bits of Control Register 11. The Read cycle is completed when ML is set to “1”, immediately after the MC clock cycle for the least significant bit of indexed control register has completed. INC = 1 (Auto-Increment Read) ML MC MDI 1 0 0 MDO 0 0 0 0 0 High Impedance X X X X X X X X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 INDEX “1” ML MC MDI X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X MDO D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 High Impedance INDEX “N” INDEX “N – 1” INC = 0 (Single Register Read) ML MC MDI 1 0 MDO 0 0 0 0 High Impedance 0 0 X X X X X X X X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 INDEX “N” NOTES: (1) X = Don’t care. (2) Index which it begins to read in the read mode can set by REG[6:0] in Register 11, data from Register 1 to Register 12 can be read by setting it as “INC = 1” in Register 11. For example, set REG[6:0] = “0001001” to read from Register 9. (INC = “0” or “1”.) FIGURE 8. Read Operation Timing. PCM1608 SBAS164A 13 The Read cycle starts by setting the R/W bit of the control word to “1”, and setting all of the IDX[6:0] bits to “0”. All subsequent bits input on the MDI are ignored while ML is set to “0”. For the first eight clocks of the Read cycle, MDO is set to a high-impedance state. This is followed by a sequence of 8-bit words, each corresponding the data contained in Control Registers 1 through N, where N is defined by the REG[6:0] bits in Control Register 11. The Read cycle is completed when ML is set to “1”, immediately after the MC clock cycle for the least significant bit of Control Register N has completed. CONTROL INTERFACE TIMING REQUIREMENTS Figure 9 shows a detailed timing diagram for the Serial Control interface. Pay special attention to the setup and hold times, as well as tMLS and tMLH, which define minimum delays between edges of the ML and MC clocks. These timing parameters are critical for proper control port operation. tMHH 50% of VDD ML tMCH tMLS tMCL tMLH 50% of VDD MC tMCY LSB MDI 50% of VDD tMOS tMDS tMCH LSB 50% of VDD MDO SYMBOL tMCY tMCL tMCH tMHH tMLS tMLH tMDH tMDS tMOS PARAMETER MIN MC Pulse Cycle Time MC Low Level Time MC High Level Time ML High Level Time ML Falling Edge to MC Rising Edge ML Hold Time(1) MDI Hold Time MDL Set Up Time MC Falling Edge to MDSO Stable 100 50 50 300 20 20 15 20 MAX UNITS 30 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns NOTE: (1) MC rising edge for LSB to ML rising edge. FIGURE 9. Control Interface Timing. 14 PCM1608 SBAS164A MODE CONTROL REGISTERS User-Programmable Mode Controls The PCM1608 includes a number of user-programmable functions that are accessed via control registers. The registers are programmed using the Serial Control Interface that was previously discussed in this data sheet. Table III lists the available mode control functions, along with their reset default conditions and associated register index. FUNCTION The mode control register map is shown in Table IV. Each register includes a R/W bit that determines whether a register read (R/W = 1) or write (R/W = 0) operation is performed. Each register also includes an index (or address) indicated by the IDX[6:0] bits. RESET DEFAULT CONTROL REGISTER INDEX, IDX[6:0] 0dB, No Attenuation 1 through 6, 16, 17 Mute Disabled DAC 1-6 Enabled 24-Bit Standard Format Sharp Roll-Off Full Rate (= fSCKI) SCKO Enabled De-Emphasis All Channel Disabled 44.1kHz Normal Phase High REG[6:0] = 01H Auto-Increment Disabled Zero Flag Enabled Disabled 64x 7, 18 8, 19 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 AT1[7:0], AT2[7:0] AT3[7:0], AT4[7:0] AT5[7:0], AT6[7:0] AT7[7:0], AT8[7:0] MUT[8:1] DAC[8:1] FMT[2:0] FLT CLKD CLKE DMC DMF[1:0] DREV ZREV REG[6:0] INC GPOE GPO[6:1] OVER Digital Attenuation Control, 0dB to –63dB in 0.5dB Steps Soft Mute Control DAC 1-8 Operation Control Audio Data Format Control Digital Filter Roll-Off Control SCKO Frequency Selection SCKO Output Enable De-Emphasis All Channel Function Control De-Emphasis All Channel Sample Rate Selection Output Phase Select Zero Flag Polarity Select Read Register Index Control Read Auto-Increment Control General-Purpose Output Enable General-Purpose Output Bits (GPO1-GPO6) Oversampling Rate Control Register Map TABLE III. User-Programmable Mode Controls. IDX (B8-B14) REGISTER B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 N/A(1) N/A(1) N/A(1) N/A(1) N/A(1) N/A(1) N/A(1) AT16 AT26 AT36 AT46 AT56 AT66 RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) ZREV REG6 GPOE AT15 AT25 AT35 AT45 AT55 AT65 MUT6 DAC6 FLT DREV REG5 GPO6 AT14 AT24 AT34 AT44 AT54 AT64 MUT5 DAC5 CLKD DMF1 REG4 GPO5 AT13 AT23 AT33 AT43 AT53 AT63 MUT4 DAC4 CLKE DMF0 REG3 GPO4 00H 01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H 07H 08H 09H 0AH 0BH 0CH Register0 Register1 Register2 Register3 Register4 Register5 Register6 Register7 Register8 Register9 Register10 Register11 Register12 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 AT17 AT27 AT37 AT47 AT57 AT67 RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) INC OVER AT12 AT22 AT32 AT42 AT52 AT62 MUT3 DAC3 FMT2 DMC REG2 GPO3 AT11 AT21 AT31 AT41 AT51 AT61 MUT2 DAC2 FMT1 DMC REG1 GPO2 N/A(1) AT10 AT20 AT30 AT40 AT50 AT60 MUT1 DAC1 FMT0 DMC REG0 GPO1 10H 11H 12H 13H Register Register Register Register R/W R/W R/W R/W IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX6 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX5 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX4 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX3 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX2 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX1 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 IDX0 AT77 AT76 AT75 AT74 AT73 AT72 AT87 AT86 AT85 AT84 AT83 AT82 RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) RSV(2) AT71 AT81 MUT8 DAC8 AT70 AT80 MUT7 DAC7 16 17 18 19 NOTES: (1) N/A = not assigned. No operation even if setting any data. (2) RSV = reserved for test operation. It should be set “0” during regular operation. TABLE IV. Mode Control Register Map. PCM1608 SBAS164A 15 REGISTER DEFINITIONS B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Register 1 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 AT17 AT16 AT15 AT14 AT13 AT12 AT11 AT10 Register 2 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 AT27 AT26 AT25 AT24 AT23 AT22 AT21 AT20 Register 3 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 AT37 AT36 AT35 AT34 AT33 AT32 AT31 AT30 Register 4 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 AT47 AT46 AT45 AT44 AT43 AT42 AT41 AT40 Register 5 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 AT57 AT56 AT55 AT54 AT53 AT52 AT51 AT50 Register 6 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 AT67 AT66 AT65 AT64 AT63 AT62 AT61 AT60 Register 7 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 AT77 AT76 AT75 AT74 AT73 AT72 AT71 AT70 Register 8 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 AT87 AT86 AT85 AT84 AT83 AT82 AT81 AT80 R/W Read/Write Mode Select When R/W = 0, a write operation is performed. When R/W = 1, a read operation is performed. Default Value: 0 ATx[7:0] Digital Attenuation Level Setting where x = 1 through 8, corresponding to the DAC output VOUTx. These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 1111 1111B Each DAC output, VOUT1 through VOUT8, has a digital attenuator associated with it. The attenuator may be set from 0dB to –63dB, in 0.5dB steps. Changes in attenuator levels are made by incrementing or decrementing, by one step (0.5dB), for every 8/fS time interval until the programmed attenuator setting is reached. Alternatively, the attenuator may be set to infinite attenuation (or mute). The attenuation level may be set using the formula below. Attenuation Level (dB) = 0.5 (ATx[7:0]DEC – 255) where: ATx[7:0]DEC = 0 through 255 for: ATx[7:0]DEC = 0 through 128, the attenuator is set to infinite attenuation. The following table shows attenuator levels for various settings. 16 ATx[7:0] Decimal Value Attenuator Level Setting 1111 1111B 1111 1110B 1111 1101B • • • 1000 0010B 1000 0001B 1000 0000B • • • 0000 0000B 255 254 253 • • • 130 129 128 • • • 0 0dB, No Attenuation (default) –0.5dB –1.0dB • • • –62.5dB –63.0dB Mute • • • Mute PCM1608 SBAS164A Register 7 R/W B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 RSV RSV MUT6 MUT5 MUT4 MUT3 B1 B0 MUT2 MUT1 Read/Write Mode Select When R/W = 0, a Write operation is performed. When R/W = 1, a Read operation is performed. Default Value: 0 MUTx Soft Mute Control Where x = 1 through 6, corresponding to the DAC output VOUTx. These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 0 MUTx = 0 MUTx = 1 Mute Disabled (default) Mute Enabled The mute bits, MUT1 through MUT6, are used to enable or disable the Soft Mute function for the corresponding DAC outputs, VOUT1 through V OUT6. The Soft Mute function is incorporated into the digital attenuators. When Mute is disabled (MUTx = 0), the attenuator and DAC operate normally. When Mute is enabled by setting MUTx = 1, the digital attenuator for the corresponding output will be decreased from the current setting to the infinite attenuation setting one attenuator step (0.5dB) at a time. This provides a quiet, pop-free muting of the DAC output. Upon returning from Soft Mute, by setting MUTx = 0, the attenuator will be increased one step at a time to the previously programmed attenuator level. REGISTER 8 R/W B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 RSV RSV DAC6 DAC5 DAC4 DAC3 B1 B0 DAC2 DAC1 Read/Write Mode Select When R/W = 0, a write operation is performed. When R/W = 1, a read operation is performed. Default Value: 0 DACx DAC Operation Control where x = 1 through 6, corresponding to the DAC output VOUTx. These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 0 DACx = 0 DACx = 1 DAC Operation Enabled (default) DAC Operation Disabled The DAC operation controls are used to enable and disable the DAC outputs, VOUT1 through VOUT6. When DACx = 0, the output amplifier input is connected to the DAC output. When DACx = 1, the output amplifier input is switched to the DC common-mode voltage (VCOM), equal to VCC/2. PCM1608 SBAS164A 17 REGISTER 9 R/W B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 RSV RSV FLT CLKD CLKE FMT2 FMT1 FMT0 Read/Write Mode Select When R/W = 0, a write operation is performed. When R/W = 1, a read operation is performed. Default Value: 0 FLT Digital Filter Roll-Off Control These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 0 FLT = 0 FLT = 1 Sharp Roll-Off (default) Slow Roll-Off The FLT bit allows the user to select the digital filter roll-off that is best suited to their application. Two filter roll-off sections are available: Sharp or Slow. The filter responses for these selections are shown in the Typical Performance Curves section of this data sheet. CLKD SCKO Frequency Selection This bit is Read/Write. Default Value: 0 CLKD = 0 CLKD = 1 Full Rate, fSCKO = fSCKI (default) Half Rate, fSCKO = fSCKL/2 The CLKD bit is used to determine the clock frequency at the system clock output pin, SCKO. CLKE SCKO Output Enable This bit is Read/Write. Default Value: 0 CLKE = 0 CLKE = 1 SCKO Enabled (default) SCKO Disabled The CLKE bit is used to enable or disable the system clock output pin, SCKO. When SCKO is enabled, it will output either a full or half rate clock, based upon the setting of the CLKD bit. When SCKO is disabled, it is set to a LOW level. FMT[2:0] Audio Interface Data Format These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 000B FMT[2:0] 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Audio Data Format Selection 24-Bit Standard Format, Right-Justified 20-Bit Standard Format, Right-Justified 18-Bit Standard Format, Right-Justified 16-Bit Standard Format, Right-Justified I2S Format, 16- to 24-bits Left-Justified Format, 16- to 24-Bits Reserved Reserved Data (default) Data Data Data The FMT[2:0] bits are used to select the data format for the serial audio interface. 18 PCM1608 SBAS164A REGISTER 10 R/W B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 RSV ZREV DREV DMF1 DMF0 DMC DMC DMC Read/Write Mode Select When R/W = 0, a write operation is performed. When R/W = 1, a read operation is performed. Default Value: 0 DMF[1:0] Sampling Frequency Selection for the De-Emphasis Function These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 00B DMF[1:0] 00 01 10 11 De-Emphasis Same Rate Selection 44.1kHz (default) 48kHz 32kHz Reserved The DMF[1:0] bits are used to select the sampling frequency used for the Digital De-Emphasis function when it is enabled. The de-emphasis curves are shown in the Typical Performance Curves section of this data sheet. The table below shows the available sampling frequencies. DMC Digital De-Emphasis, All Channels Function Control This bit is Read/Write. Default Value: 0 DMC = 0 DMC = 1 De-Emphasis Disabled for All Channels (default) De-Emphasis Enabled for All Channels 1 and 2 The DMC bit is used to enable or disable the De-Emphasis function for all channels. To select more than one of three DMC bits, enable or disable the De-Emphasis function. DREV Output Phase Select Default Value: 0 DREV = 0 DREV = 1 Normal Output (default) Inverted Output The DREV bit is the output analog signal phase control. ZREV Zero Flag Polarity Select Default Value: 0 ZREV = 0 ZREV = 1 Zero Flag Pins HIGH at a Zero Detect (default) Zero Flag Pins LOW at a Zero Detect The ZREV bit allows the user to select the polarity of the Zero Flag pins. PCM1608 SBAS164A 19 REGISTER 11 R/W B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 INC REG6 REG5 REG4 REG3 REG2 B1 B0 REG1 REG0 Read/Write Mode Select When R/W = 0, a write operation is performed. When R/W = 1, a read operation is performed. Default Value: 0 INC Auto-Increment Read Control This bit is Read/Write. Default Value: 0 INC = 0 INC = 1 Auto-Increment Read Disabled (default) Auto-Increment Read Enabled The INC bit is used to enable or disable the Auto-Increment Read feature of the Serial Control Interface. Refer to the Serial Control Interface section of this data sheet for details regarding Auto-Increment Read operation. REG[6:0] REGISTER 12 GPOx Read Register Index These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 01H The REG[6:0] bits are used to set the index of the register to be read when performing the Single Register Read operation. In the case of an Auto-Increment Read operation, the REG[6:0] bits indicate the index of the last register to be read in the Auto-Increment Read sequence. For example, if Registers 1 through 6 are to be read during an Auto-Increment Read operation, the REG[6:0] bits would be set to 06H. Refer to the Serial Control Interface section of this data sheet for details regarding the Single Register and Auto-Increment Read operations. B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 B7 B6 OVER GPOE B5 B4 B3 B2 GPO6 GPO5 GPO4 GPO3 B1 B0 GPO2 GPO1 General-Purpose Logic Output Where: x = 1 through 6, corresponding pins GPO1 through GPO6. These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 0 GPOx = 0 GPOx = 1 Set GPOx to “0” Set GPOx to “1” The general-purpose output pins, GPO1 through GPO6, are enabled by setting GPOE = 1. These pins are used as general-purpose outputs for controlling user-defined logic functions. When general-purpose outputs are disabled (GPOE = 0), they default to the zero-flag function, ZERO1 through ZERO6. GPOE General-Purpose Output Enable This bit is Read/Write. Default Value: 0 GPOE = 0 GPOE = 1 20 General-Purpose Outputs Disabled Pins default to zero-flag function (ZERO1 through ZERO6). General-Purpose Outputs Enabled Data written to GPO1 through GPO6 will appear at the corresponding pins. PCM1608 SBAS164A Register 12 (Cont.) OVER Oversampling Rate Control This bit is Read/Write. Default Value: 0 System Clock Rate = 256, 384, 512, or 768fS: OVER = 0 OVER = 1 64x Oversampling (default) 128x Oversampling System Clock Rate = 128 or 192fS: OVER = 0 OVER = 1 32x Oversampling (default) 64x Oversampling The OVER bit is used to control the oversampling rate of the delta-sigma DACs. The OVER = 1 setting is reccomended when the oversampling rate is 192kHz (system clock rate is 128 or 192fS). REGISTER 18 R/W B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV B1 B0 MUT8 MUT7 Read/Write Mode Select When R/W = 0, a write operation is performed. When R/W = 1, a read operation is performed. Default Value: 0 MUTx Soft Mute Control Where x = 7-8, corresponding to the DAC output VOUTx. These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 0 MUTx = 0 MUTx = 1 Mute Disabled (default) Mute Enabled The mute bits, MUT7 through MUT8, are used to enable or disable the Soft Mute function for the corresponding DAC outputs, VOUT7 and VOUT8. The Soft Mute function is incorporated into the digital attenuators. When Mute is disabled (MUTx = 0), the attenuator and the DAC operate normally. When Mute is enabled by setting MUTx = 1, the digital attenuator for the corresponding output will be decremented from the current setting to the infinite attenuation setting one attenuator step (0.5dB) at a time. This provides a quiet, “pop”-free muting of the DAC output. Upon returning from Soft Mute, by setting MUTx = 0, the attenuator will be incremented one step at a time to the previously programmed attenuator level. PCM1608 SBAS164A 21 REGISTER 19 B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 R/W IDX6 IDX5 IDX4 IDX3 IDX2 IDX1 IDX0 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV R/W Read/Write Mode Select When R/W = 0, a write operation is performed. When R/W = 1, a read operation is performed. Default Value: 0 DACx DAC Operation Control Where x = 7-8, corresponding to the DAC output VOUTx. These bits are Read/Write. Default Value: 0 DACx = 0 DACx = 1 B1 B0 DAC8 DAC7 DAC Operation Disabled (default) DAC Operation Enabled The DAC operation controls are used to enable and disable the DAC outputs, VOUT7 and VOUT8. When DACx = 0, the output amplifier input is connected to the DAC output. When DACx = 1, the output amplifier input is switched to the DC common-mode voltage (VCOM), equal to VCC/2. ANALOG OUTPUTS The PCM1608 includes eight independent output channels, VOUT1 through VOUT8. These are unbalanced outputs, each capable of driving 3.1Vp-p typical into a 5kΩ AC load with VCC = +5V. The internal output amplifiers for VOUT1 through VOUT8 are DC biased to the common-mode (or bipolar zero) voltage, equal to VCC/2. The output amplifiers include an RC continuous-time filter, which helps to reduce the out-of-band noise energy present at the DAC outputs due to the noise-shaping characteristics of the PCM1608’s delta-sigma DACs. The frequency response of this filter is shown in Figure 10. By itself, this 20 filter is not enough to attenuate the out-of-band noise to an acceptable level for most applications. An external low-pass filter is required to provide sufficient out-of-band noise rejection. Further discussion of DAC post-filter circuits is provided in the Applications Information section of this data sheet. VCOM OUTPUT One unbuffered, common-mode voltage output pin, VCOM (pin 15), is brought out for decoupling purposes. This pin is nominally biased to a DC voltage level equal to VCC/2. If this pin is to be used to bias external circuitry, a voltage follower is required for buffering purposes. Figure 11 shows an example of using the VCOM pin for external biasing applications. Level (dB) 0 –20 PCM1608 4 1 –40 VCOM –60 3 OPA337 15 + –80 VBIAS ≈ VCC 2 10µF –100 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M Log Frequency (Hz) 10M FIGURE 11. Biasing External Circuits Using the VCOM Pin. FIGURE 10. Output Filter Frequency Response. 22 PCM1608 SBAS164A ZERO FLAG can be used to operate external mute circuits. ZERO1 through ZERO6 can be used as status indicators for a microcontroller, audio signal processor, or other digitally controlled functions. Zero Detect Condition Zero Detection for each output channel is independent from the others. If the data for a given channel remains at a “0” level for 1024 sample periods (or LRCK clock periods), a Zero Detect condition exists for that channel. The active polarity of zero flag output can be inverted by setting the ZREV bit of Control Register 10 to “1”. The reset default is active high output, or ZREV = 0. Zero Output Flags APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Given that a Zero Detect condition exists for one or more channels, the Zero Flag pins for those channels will be set to a logic “1” state. There are Zero Flag pins for each channel, ZERO1 through ZERO6 (pins 1 through 6), ZERO7 (pin 30), and ZERO8 (pin 32). In addition, all eight Zero Flags are logically “AND”ed together, and the result provided at the ZEROA pin (pin 48), which is set to a logic “1” state when all channels indicate a Zero Detect condition. The Zero Flag pins CONNECTION DIAGRAMS A basic connection diagram with the necessary powersupply bypassing and decoupling components is shown in Figure 12. Texas Instruments recommends using the component values shown in Figure 12 for all designs. ML PLL1700 Micro Controller MC SCKO3 MD ZERO7, 8 DATA4 +5V Power Supply 10µF 29 28 27 26 25 NC AGND1 VCC2 AGND2 30 VCC1 31 DATA4 32 ZERO7 33 ZERO8 ML 34 MDI 35 MDO 36 MC Regulator VCC3 37 RST 38 SCKI 39 SCKO BCK 40 BCK LRCK 41 42 43 VDD 44 DGND DATA1 45 DATA1 VOUT7 16 DATA2 46 DATA2 VCOM 15 DATA3 47 DATA3 VOUT1 14 LPF VOUT1 ZEROA 48 13 LPF VOUT2 LPF VOUT3 LPF VOUT4 LPF VOUT5 LPF VOUT6 RST 24 AGND3 23 VCC4 22 AGND4 21 LRCK VOUT8 20 TEST AGND6 19 VCC5 18 AGND5 17 LPF VOUT8 LPF VOUT7 ZERO3/GPO3 ZERO4/GPO4 ZERO5/GPO5 ZERO6/GPO6 NC NC VOUT6 VOUT5 VOUT4 VOUT3 ZEROA ZERO2/GPO2 10µF ZERO1/GPO1 PCM1608 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ZERO1–6 10µF VOUT2 FIGURE 12. Basic Connection Diagram. PCM1608 SBAS164A 23 SCKO3(2) Buffer RS RS RS RS RS RS RS(3) NOTES: (1) Serial Control and Reset functions may be provided by DSP/Decoder GPIO pins. (2) Actual clock output used is determined by the application. (3) RS = 22Ω to 100Ω. (4) See Applications Information section of this data sheet for more information. Audio DSP or Decoder 27MHz Master Clock XT1 PLL1700 µC/µP(1) + +3.3V Analog C11 10µF 48 47 46 45 44 Zero-Flag Outputs General-Purpose Outputs for Mute Circuits, Microcontroller, or DSP/Decoder. C10 10µF 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 1 ZEROA DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DGND VDD TEST LRCK BCK SCKO SCKI RST 36 35 34 33 MC ZERO2/GPO2 ML ZERO1/GPO1 5 MDI ZERO3/GPO3 4 MDO ZERO4/GPO4 3 ZERO8 ZERO5/GPO5 2 30 6 7 8 29 ZERO7 NC Zero-Flag NC NC DATA4 PCM1608 31 9 28 27 26 25 10 11 12 VCC3 0.1µF VOUT2 VOUT1 VCOM VOUT7 AGND6 VCC5 AGND6 VOUT8 AGND4 VCC4 AGND3 VCC1 VOUT6 Zero-Flag 32 AGND1 VOUT5 ANALOG SECTION VCC2 VOUT4 DIGITAL SECTION AGND2 VOUT3 24 ZERO6/GPO6 24 + 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10µF 10µF + + + 10µF 10µF 10µF 10µF 10µF 10µF + + + + + 20 + 10µF 21 22 23 10µF SUB CTR RS LS RF LF R L Down Mix +5V Analog Output Low-Pass Filters(4) REG1117 +3.3V +3.3V Analog A typical application diagram is shown in Figure 13. The REG1117-3.3 from Texas Instruments is used to generate +3.3V for VDD from the +5V analog power supply. The PLL1700E from Texas Instruments is used to generate the system clock input at SCKI, as well as generating the clock for the audio signal processor. Series resistors (22Ω to 100Ω) are recommended for SCKI, LRCK, BCK, DATA1, DATA2, DATA3, and DATA4. The series resistor combines with the stray PCB and device input capacitance to form a low-pass filter which removes high-frequency noise from the digital signal, thus reducing high-frequency emission. FIGURE 13. Typical Application Diagram. PCM1608 SBAS164A POWER SUPPLIES AND GROUNDING The PCM1608 requires a +5V analog supply and a +3.3V digital supply. The +5V supply is used to power the DAC analog and output filter circuitry, while the +3.3V supply is used to power the digital filter and serial interface circuitry. For best performance, the +3.3V supply should be derived from the +5V supply using a linear regulator (see Figure 13). Multiple FeedBack (MFB) circuit arrangement, which reduces sensitivity to passive component variations over frequency and temperature. For more information regarding MFB active filter design, please refer to the Texas Instruments Applications Bulletin AB-034, available from our web site (www.ti.com), or your local Texas Instruments sales office. Two capacitors are required for supply bypassing (see Figure 12). These capacitors should be located as close as possible to the PCM1608 package. The 10µF capacitors should be tantalum or aluminum electrolytic, while the 0.1µF capacitors are ceramic (X7R type is recommended for surface-mount applications). Since the overall system performance is defined by the quality of the DACs and their associated analog output circuitry, high-quality audio op amps are recommended for the active filters. The OPA2134 and OPA2353 dual op amps from Texas Instruments are shown in Figures 14 and 15, and are recommended for use with the PCM1608. DAC OUTPUT FILTER CIRCUITS Delta-sigma DACs utilize noise-shaping techniques to improve in-band Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) performance at the expense of generating increased out-of-band noise above the Nyquist Frequency, or fS/2. The out-of-band noise must be low-pass filtered in order to provide the optimal converter performance. This is accomplished by a combination of onchip and external low-pass filtering. Figures 14 and 15 show the recommended external low-pass active filter circuits for dual- and single-supply applications. These circuits are second-order Butterworth filters using the AV ≈ – R2 R1 C1 R3 2 VIN 1 3 C2 AV ≈ – OPA2134 R4 VOUT R2 R1 FIGURE 14. Dual Supply Filter Circuit. R2 R1 R2 C1 R1 R3 VIN 2 1 C2 3 R4 OPA2134 VOUT PCM1608 VCOM + C2 10µF OPA337 To Additional Low-Pass Filter Circuits FIGURE 15. Single-Supply Filter Circuit. PCM1608 SBAS164A 25 PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES Separate power supplies are recommended for the digital and analog sections of the board. This prevents the switching noise present on the digital supply from contaminating the analog power supply and degrading the dynamic performance of the DACs. In cases where a common +5V supply must be used for the analog and digital sections, an inductance (RF choke, ferrite bead) should be placed between the analog and digital +5V supply connections to avoid coupling of the digital switching noise into the analog circuitry. Figure 17 shows the recommended approach for single-supply applications. A typical PCB floor plan for the PCM1608 is shown in Figure 16. A ground plane is recommended, with the analog and digital sections being isolated from one another using a split or cut in the circuit board. The PCM1608 should be oriented with the digital I/O pins facing the ground plane split/cut to allow for short, direct connections to the digital audio interface and control signals originating from the digital section of the board. Analog Power Digital Power +VD DGND AGND +5VA +VS –VS REG VCC VDD Digital Logic and Audio Processor Output Circuits DGND PCM1608 Digital Ground AGND DIGITAL SECTION Analog Ground ANALOG SECTION Return Path for Digital Signals FIGURE 16. Recommended PCB Layout. Power Supplies RF Choke or Ferrite Bead +5V GND +VS –VS REG VCC VDD Digital Logic and Audio Processor VDD DGND Output Circuits PCM1608 AGND Common Ground DIGITAL SECTION ANALOG SECTION FIGURE 17. Single-Supply PCB Layout. 26 PCM1608 SBAS164A The DAC section of the PCM1608 is based on a multi-bit delta-sigma architecture. This architecture utilizes a fourthorder noise-shaper and an 8-level amplitude quantizer, followed by an analog low-pass filter. A block diagram of the delta-sigma modulator is shown in Figure 19. This architecture has the advantage of stability and improved jitter tolerance, when compared to traditional 1-bit (2-level) deltasigma designs. The combined oversampling rate of the digital interpolation filter and the delta-sigma modulator is 32, 64, or 128fS. The total oversampling rate is determined by the desired sampling frequency. If fS ≤ 96kHz, then the OVER bit in Register 12 may be set to an oversampling rate of 64 or 128fS. If fS > 96kHz, then the OVER bit may be used to set the oversampling rate to 32 or 64fS. Figure 20 shows the out-of-band quantization noise plots for both the 64x and 128x oversampling scenarios. Notice that the 128x oversampling plot shows significantly improved out-of-band noise performance, allowing for a simplified low-pass filter to be used at the output of the DAC. Figure 18 illustrates the simulated jitter sensitivity of the PCM1608. To achieve best performance, the system clock jitter should be less than 300 picoseconds. This is easily achieved using a quality clock generation IC, like the PLL1700 from Texas Instruments. JITTER DEPENDENCE (x 64 Over Sampling) 125 120 Dynamic Range (dB) THEORY OF OPERATION 115 110 105 100 95 90 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Jitter (ps) FIGURE 18. Jitter Sensitivity. – + 8fS Z–1 + Z–1 + Z–1 + Z–1 + + 8-Level Quantizer 64fS FIGURE 19. Eight-Level Delta-Sigma Modulator. QUANTIZATION NOISE SPECTRUM (128x Oversampling) 0 0 –20 –20 –40 –40 Amplitude (dB) Amplitude (dB) QUANTIZATION NOISE SPECTRUM (64x Oversampling) –60 –80 –100 –120 –60 –80 –100 –120 –140 –140 –160 –160 –180 –180 0 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency (fS) 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Frequency (fS) FIGURE 20. Quantization Noise Spectrum. PCM1608 SBAS164A 27 KEY PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND MEASUREMENT This section provides information on how to measure key dynamic performance parameters for the PCM1608. In all cases, an Audio Precision System Two Cascade or equivalent audio measurement system is utilized to perform the testing. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise (THD+N) is a significant figure of merit for audio DACs, since it takes into account both harmonic distortion and all noise sources within a specified measurement bandwidth. The true rms value of the distortion and noise is referred to as THD+N. The test setup for THD+N testing is shown in Figure 21. For the PCM1608 DACs, THD+N is measured with a fullscale, 1kHz digital sine wave as the test stimulus at the input of the DAC. The digital generator is set to a 24-bit audio word length and a sampling frequency of 44.1kHz, or 96kHz. The digital generator output is taken from the unbalanced S/PDIF connector of the measurement system. The S/PDIF data is transmitted via coaxial cable to the digital audio receiver on the DEM-DAI1602 demo board. The receiver is then configured to output 24-bit data in either I2S or left-justified data format. The DAC audio interface format is programmed to match the receiver output format. The analog output is then taken from the DAC post filter and connected to the analog analyzer input of the measurement system. The analog input is band-limited, using filters resident in the analyzer. The resulting THD+N is measured by the analyzer and displayed by the measurement system. Evaluation Board DEM-DAI1608 S/PDIF Receiver PCM1608 2nd-Order Low-Pass Filter f–3dB = 54kHz S/PDIF Output Digital Generator Analyzer and Display 100% Full-Scale 24-Bit, 1kHz Sine Wave rms Mode Band Limit Notch Filter HPF = 22Hz(1) fC = 1kHz LPF = 30kHz(1) Option = 20kHz Apogee Filter(2) NOTES: (1) There is little difference in measured THD+N when using the various settings for these filters. (2) Required for THD+N test. FIGURE 21. Test Setup for THD+N Measurements. 28 PCM1608 SBAS164A DYNAMIC RANGE IDLE CHANNEL SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO Dynamic range is specified as A-Weighted, THD+N measured with a –60dBFS, 1kHz digital sine wave stimulus at the input of the DAC. This measurement is designed to give a good indication of how the DAC will perform, given a low-level input signal. The SNR test provides a measure of the noise of the DAC. The input to the DAC is in all “0”s data, and the DAC’s Infinite Zero Detect Mute function must be disabled (default condition at power-up for the PCM1608). This ensures that the delta-sigma modulator output is connected to the output amplifier circuit so that idle tones (if present) may be observed at the output. The dither function of the digital signal generator must also be disabled to ensure an all “0”s data stream at the input of the DAC. The measurement setup for the dynamic range measurement is shown in Figure 22, and is similar to the THD+N test setup discussed previously. The differences include the band-limit filter selection, the additional A-Weighting filter, and the –60dBFS input level. The measurement setup for SNR is identical to that used for dynamic range, with the exception of the input signal level. (see the notes provided in Figure 22.) Evaluation Board DEM-DAI1608 S/PDIF Receiver PCM1608(1) 2nd-Order Low-Pass Filter f–3dB = 54kHz S/PDIF Output Digital Generator Analyzer and Display 0% Full-Scale, Dither Off (SNR) –60dBFS, 1kHz Sine Wave (Dynamic Range) rms Mode A-Weight Filter(1) Band Limit HPF = 22Hz LPF = 22kHz Option = A-Weighting(2) Notch Filter fC = 1kHz NOTES: (1) Infinite Zero Detect Mute disabled. (2) Results without A-Weighting will be approximately 3dB worse. FIGURE 22. Test Set-Up for Dynamic Range and SNR Meeasurements. PCM1608 SBAS164A 29 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 3-Oct-2003 PACKAGING INFORMATION ORDERABLE DEVICE STATUS(1) PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE DRAWING PINS PACKAGE QTY PCM1608KY ACTIVE LQFP PT 48 250 PCM1608KY/2K ACTIVE LQFP PT 48 2000 PCM1608Y ACTIVE LQFP PT 48 250 PCM1608Y/2K ACTIVE LQFP PT 48 2000 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. 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