EXAR XR16C2450IM

XR16C2450
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2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
DECEMBER 2004
REV. 1.0.0
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
FEATURES
The XR16C2450 (2450) is a dual universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART). The
XR16C2450 is an improved version of the
XR16C2450 with lower operating voltage and 5 volt
tolerant inputs. The 2450 provides enhanced UART
functions, a modem control interface and data rates
up to 1.5 Mbps. Onboard status registers provide the
user with error indications and operational status. Independent programmable baud rate generators are
provided to select transmit and receive clock rates up
to 1.5 Mbps. An internal loopback capability allows
onboard diagnostics. The 2450 is available in a 44pin PLCC and 48-pin TQFP packages. The 2450 is
fabricated in an advanced CMOS process capable of
operating from 2.97 volt to 5.5 volt power supply with
5 volt tolerant inputs.
• 2.97 to 5.5 Volt Operation
• 5 Volt Tolerant Inputs
• Pin-to-pin compatible to Exar’s XR16C2450,
ST16C2550,
XR16C2850
• 2 independent UART channels
■
■
■
■
■
■
• Cellular Data Devices
• Factory Automation and Process Controls
Up to 1.5 Mbps data rate with a 24 MHz crystal
oscillator or external clock frequency
1 byte Transmit FIFO
1 byte Receive FIFO with error tags
Status report registers
Modem control signals (CTS#, RTS#, DSR#,
DTR#, RI#, CD#)
Programmable character lengths (5, 6, 7, 8)
with even, odd, or no parity
• Crystal oscillator or external clock input
• TTL compatible inputs, outputs
• Industrial temperature ranges
• 48-TQFP and 44-PLCC packages
FIGURE 1. XR16C2450 BLOCK DIAGRAM
*5V Tolerant inputs
A2:A0
D7:D0
UART
Regs
CSA#
CSB#
INTA
INTB
2.97 to 5.5 Volt VCC
UART Channel A
IOR#
IOW#
8-bit Data
Bus
Interface
and
TQFP package
• Portable Appliances
• Ethernet Network Routers
XR16L2750
• Pin-to-pin compatible to TI’s TL16C752B on the 48-
APPLICATIONS
• Telecommunication Network Routers
XR16L2550,
BRG
THR
TXA
RHR
RXA
Modem I/Os
UART Channel B
(same as Channel A)
Reset
Crystal Osc/Buffer
RTSA#, CTSA#,
DTRA#, DSRA#,
CDA#, RIA#, OP2A#
TXB
RXB
RTSB#, CTSB#,
DTRB#, DSRB#,
CDB#, RIB#, OP2B#
XTAL1
XTAL2
Exar Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont CA, 94538 • (510) 668-7000 • FAX (510) 668-7017 • www.exar.com
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
CDA#
DSRA#
CTSA#
NC
38
37
RIA#
41
39
VCC
42
40
D0
NC
43
D1
45
44
D3
D2
46
D4
48
47
FIGURE 2. PIN OUT ASSIGNMENT
RESET
D5
1
36
D6
2
35
DTRB#
D7
3
34
DTRA#
RXB
4
33
RTSA#
RXA
5
32
OP2A#
NC
6
31
NC
TXA
7
30
INTA
TXB
8
29
INTB
OP2B#
9
28
A0
XR16C2450
48-pin TQFP
CSA# 10
27
A1
D0
1
40
VCC
D1
2
39
RIA#
3
38
CDA#
7
34
DTRB#
33
DTRA#
32
RTSA#
31
OP2A#
30
INTA
29
INTB
28
A0
CTSA#
40
NC
CTSB#
DSRA#
41
RTSB#
CDA#
42
RIB#
RIA#
43
IOR#
VCC
DSRB#
NC
1
NC
D0
2
44
17
GND
D1
3
CDB#
D2
4
IOW#
D3
5
XTAL2
XTAL1
D4
6
D7
8
RXB
9
RXA
10
TXA
11
XR16C2450CP40
RESET
D6
23
35
24
6
22
CTSA#
D5
21
DSRA#
36
19
37
5
20
4
D4
18
D3
16
NC
15
A2
25
13
26
NC 12
14
CSB# 11
D2
D5
7
39
RESET
TXB
12
D6
8
38
DTRB#
OP2B#
13
D7
9
37
DTRA#
CSA#
14
27
A1
RXB
10
36
RTSA#
CSB#
15
26
A2
RXA
11
35 OP2A#
XTAL1
16
25
CTSB#
NC
12
TXA
13
XTAL2
17
24
RTSB#
IOW#
18
23
RIB#
CDB#
19
22
DSRB#
GND
20
21
IOR#
TXB
XR16C2450
44-pin PLCC
34
33
32
14
31
OP2B# 15
NC
INTA
INTB
A0
A2
CTSB# 28
RTSB# 27
RIB# 26
DSRB# 25
NC 23
IOR# 24
GND 22
IOW# 20
CDB# 21
29
XTAL2 19
30 A1
CSB# 17
XTAL1 18
CSA# 16
ORDERING INFORMATION
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
OPERATING
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
XR16C2450IP
40-Lead PDIP
-40°C to +85°C
Active. See the XR16C2450IM for new designs.
XR16C2450IJ
44-Lead PLCC
-40°C to +85°C
Active
XR16C2450IM
48-Lead TQFP
-40°C to +85°C
Active
DEVICE STATUS
2
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Pin Description
NAME
40-PDIP
PIN #
44-PLCC
PIN #
48-TQFP
PIN #
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
Address data lines [2:0]. These 3 address lines select one
of the internal registers in UART channel A/B during a
data bus transaction.
DATA BUS INTERFACE
A2
A1
A0
26
27
28
29
30
31
26
27
28
I
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
3
2
1
48
47
46
45
44
IO
IOR#
21
24
19
I
Input/Output Read Strobe (active low). The falling edge
instigates an internal read cycle and retrieves the data
byte from an internal register pointed to by the address
lines [A2:A0]. The data byte is placed on the data bus to
allow the host processor to read it on the rising edge.
IOW#
18
20
15
I
Input/Output Write Strobe (active low). The falling edge
instigates an internal write cycle and the rising edge
transfers the data byte on the data bus to an internal register pointed by the address lines.
CSA#
14
16
10
I
UART channel A select (active low) to enable UART
channel A in the device for data bus operation.
CSB#
15
17
11
I
UART channel B select (active low) to enable UART
channel B in the device for data bus operation.
INTA
30
33
30
O
UART channel A Interrupt output. The output state is
defined by the user and through the software setting of
MCR[3]. INTA is set to the active mode and OP2A# output
to a logic 0 when MCR[3] is set to a logic 1. INTA is set to
the three state mode and OP2A# to a logic 1 when
MCR[3] is set to a logic 0 (default).
INTB
29
32
29
O
UART channel B Interrupt output. The output state is
defined by the user and through the software setting of
MCR[3]. INTB is set to the active mode and OP2B# output to a logic 0 when MCR[3] is set to a logic 1. INTB is
set to the three state mode and OP2B# to a logic 1 when
MCR[3] is set to a logic 0 (default).
Data bus lines [7:0] (bidirectional).
MODEM OR SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
TXA
11
13
7
O
UART channel A Transmit Data. If it is not used, leave it
unconnected.
RXA
10
11
5
I
UART channel A Receive Data. Normal receive data input
must idle at logic 1 condition. If it is not used, tie it to VCC
or pull it high via a 100k ohm resistor.
3
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
Pin Description
NAME
40-PDIP
PIN #
44-PLCC
PIN #
48-TQFP
PIN #
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
RTSA#
32
36
33
O
UART channel A Request-to-Send (active low) or general
purpose output. If it is not used, leave it unconnected.
CTSA#
36
40
38
I
UART channel A Clear-to-Send (active low) or general
purpose input. This input should be connected to VCC
when not used. This input has no effect on the UART.
DTRA#
33
37
34
O
UART channel A Data-Terminal-Ready (active low) or
general purpose output. If it is not used, leave it unconnected.
DSRA#
37
41
39
I
UART channel A Data-Set-Ready (active low) or general
purpose input. This input should be connected to VCC
when not used. This input has no effect on the UART.
CDA#
38
42
40
I
UART channel A Carrier-Detect (active low) or general
purpose input. This input should be connected to VCC
when not used. This input has no effect on the UART.
RIA#
39
43
41
I
UART channel A Ring-Indicator (active low) or general
purpose input. This input should be connected to VCC
when not used. This input has no effect on the UART.
OP2A#
31
35
32
O
Output Port 2 Channel A - The output state is defined by
the user and through the software setting of MCR[3]. INTA
is set to the active mode and OP2A# output to a logic 0
when MCR[3] is set to a logic 1. INTA is set to the three
state mode and OP2A# to a logic 1 when MCR[3] is set to
a logic 0. This output should not be used as a general output else it will disturb the INTA output functionality. If it is
not used at all, leave it unconnected.
TXB
12
14
8
O
UART channel B Transmit Data. If it is not used, leave it
unconnected.
RXB
9
10
4
I
UART channel B Receive Data. Normal receive data input
must idle at logic 1 condition. If it is not used, tie it to VCC
or pull it high via a 100k ohm resistor.
RTSB#
24
27
22
O
UART channel B Request-to-Send (active low) or general
purpose output. If it is not used, leave it unconnected.
CTSB#
25
28
23
I
UART channel B Clear-to-Send (active low) or general
purpose input. This input should be connected to VCC
when not used. This input has no effect on the UART.
DTRB#
34
38
35
O
UART channel B Data-Terminal-Ready (active low) or
general purpose output. If it is not used, leave it unconnected.
DSRB#
22
25
20
I
UART channel B Data-Set-Ready (active low) or general
purpose input. This input should be connected to VCC
when not used. This input has no effect on the UART.
CDB#
19
21
16
I
UART channel B Carrier-Detect (active low) or general
purpose input. This input should be connected to VCC
when not used. This input has no effect on the UART.
4
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
Pin Description
NAME
40-PDIP
PIN #
44-PLCC
PIN #
48-TQFP
PIN #
TYPE
RIB#
23
26
21
I
UART channel B Ring-Indicator (active low) or general
purpose input. This input should be connected to VCC
when not used. This input has no effect on the UART.
OP2B#
13
15
9
O
Output Port 2 Channel B - The output state is defined by
the user and through the software setting of MCR[3].
INTB is set to the active mode and OP2B# output to a
logic 0 when MCR[3] is set to a logic 1. INTB is set to the
three state mode and OP2B# to a logic 1 when MCR[3] is
set to a logic 0. This output should not be used as a general output else it will disturb the INTB output functionality.
If it is not used, leave it unconnected.
DESCRIPTION
ANCILLARY SIGNALS
XTAL1
16
18
13
I
Crystal or external clock input.
XTAL2
17
19
14
O
Crystal or buffered clock output.
RESET
35
39
36
I
Reset (active high) - A longer than 40 ns logic 1 pulse on
this pin will reset the internal registers and all outputs. The
UART transmitter output will be held at logic 1, the
receiver input will be ignored and outputs are reset during
reset period.
VCC
40
44
42
Pwr
2.97V to 5.5V power supply. All inputs are 5V tolerant.
GND
20
22
17
Pwr
Power supply common, ground.
N.C.
-
1, 12, 23,
34
6, 12, 18,
24, 25, 31,
37, 43
-
No Connection.
Pin type: I=Input, O=Output, IO= Input/output, OD=Output Open Drain.
5
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
1.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The XR16C2450 (2450) integrates the functions of two 16C450 Universal Asynchrounous Receiver and
Transmitter (UART). Each UART is independently controlled having its own set of device configuration
registers. The 2450 provides serial asynchronous receive data synchronization, parallel-to-serial and serial-toparallel data conversions for both the transmitter and receiver sections. These functions are necessary for
converting the serial data stream into parallel data that is required with digital data systems. Synchronization
for the serial data stream is accomplished by adding start and stops bits to the transmit data to form a data
character (character orientated protocol). Data integrity is ensured by attaching a parity bit to the data
character. The parity bit is checked by the receiver for any transmission bit errors. The electronic circuitry to
provide all these functions is fairly complex especially when manufactured on a single integrated silicon chip.
The 2450 represents such an integration with greatly enhanced features. The 2450 is fabricated with an
advanced CMOS process. The 2450 is capable of operation up to 1.5 Mbps with a 24 MHz clock. With a crystal
or external clock input of 14.7456 MHz the user can select data rates up to 921.6 Kbps.
2.0 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS
2.1
CPU Interface
The CPU interface is 8 data bits wide with 3 address lines and control signals to execute data bus read and
write transactions. The 2450 data interface supports the Intel compatible types of CPUs and it is compatible to
the industry standard 16C450 UART. No clock (oscillator nor external clock) is required to operate a data bus
transaction. Each bus cycle is asynchronous using CS#, IOR# and IOW# signals. Both UART channels share
the same data bus for host operations. The data bus interconnections are shown in Figure 3.
FIGURE 3.
XR16C2450 DATA BUS INTERCONNECTIONS
VCC
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A0
A1
A2
A0
A1
DSRA#
A2
RIA#
OP2A#
TXA
RXA
UART
Channel A
IOW#
IOW#
UART_CSA#
UART_CSB#
CSA#
CSB#
UART_INTA
INTA
UART_INTB
INTB
DTRA#
RTSA#
CTSA#
RS-232 Serial Interface
CDA#
IOR#
IOR#
VCC
TXB
RXB
UART
Channel B
DTRB#
RTSB#
CTSB#
DSRB#
RS-232 Serial Interface
CDB#
RIB#
OP2B#
UART_RESET
.
2.2
RESET
GND
Device Reset
The RESET input resets the internal registers and the serial interface outputs in both channels to their default
state (see Table 8). An active high pulse of at least 40 ns duration will be required to activate the reset function
in the device.
6
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
2.3
Channel A and B Selection
The UART provides the user with the capability to bi-directionally transfer information between an external
CPU and an external serial communication device. A logic 0 on chip select pins, CSA# or CSB#, allows the
user to select UART channel A or B to configure, send transmit data and/or unload receive data to/from the
UART. Selecting both UARTs can be useful during power up initialization to write to the same internal registers,
but do not attempt to read from both uarts simultaneously. Individual channel select functions are shown in
Table 1.
TABLE 1: CHANNEL A AND B SELECT
2.4
CSA#
CSB#
FUNCTION
1
1
UART de-selected
0
1
Channel A selected
1
0
Channel B selected
0
0
Channel A and B selected
Channel A and B Internal Registers
Each UART channel in the 2450 has a standard register set for controlling, monitoring and data loading and
unloading. These registers function as data holding registers (THR/RHR), interrupt status and control registers
(ISR/IER), receive line status and control registers (LSR/LCR), modem status and control registers (MSR/
MCR), programmable data rate (clock) divisor registers (DLL/DLM), and a user accessible scratch pad register
(SPR).
2.5
INTA and INTB Outputs
The INTA and INTB interrupt output changes according to the operating mode and enhanced features setup.
Table 2 summarizes the operating behavior for the transmitter and receiver. Also see Figure 12 and Figure 13.
TABLE 2: INTA AND INTB PINS OPERATION FOR TRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTER
INTA/B Pin
2.6
0 = a byte in THR
1 = THR empty
RECEIVER
0 = no data
1 = 1 byte
Crystal Oscillator or External Clock Input
The 2450 includes an on-chip oscillator (XTAL1 and XTAL2) to produce a clock for both UART sections in the
device. The CPU data bus does not require this clock for bus operation. The crystal oscillator provides a
system clock to the Baud Rate Generators (BRG) section found in each of the UART. XTAL1 is the input to the
oscillator or external clock buffer input with XTAL2 pin being the output. See “Programmable Baud Rate
Generator” on page 8.
7
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 4. TYPICAL OSCILLATOR CONNECTIONS
XTAL1
XTAL2
R1
0-120 Ω
(Optional)
R2
500 Κ Ω − 1 Μ Ω
Y1
C1
C2
22-47 pF
22-47 pF
1.8432 MHz
to
24 MHz
The on-chip oscillator is designed to use an industry standard microprocessor crystal (parallel resonant,
fundamental frequency with 10-22 pF capacitance load, ESR of 20-120 ohms and 100 ppm frequency
tolerance) connected externally between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins (see Figure 4), with an external 500 kΩ to
1 MΩ resistor across it. Alternatively, an external clock can be connected to the XTAL1 pin to clock the internal
baud rate generator for standard or custom rates. Typical oscillator connections are shown in Figure 4. For
further reading on oscillator circuit please see application note DAN108 on EXAR’s web site.
2.7
Programmable Baud Rate Generator
A single baud rate generator is provided for the transmitter and receiver, allowing independent TX/RX channel
control. The programmable Baud Rate Generator is capable of operating with a crystal frequency or external
clock of up to 24 MHz.
The 2450 divides the basic external clock by 16. The basic 16X clock provides table rates to support standard
and custom applications using the same system design. The Baud Rate Generator divides the input 16X clock
by any divisor from 1 to 216 -1. The rate table is configured via the DLL and DLM internal register functions.
Customized Baud Rates can be achieved by selecting the proper divisor values for the MSB and LSB sections
of baud rate generator.
Table 3 shows the standard data rates available with a 14.7456 MHz crystal or external clock at 16X sampling
rate. When using a non-standard frequency crystal or external clock, the divisor value can be calculated for
DLL/DLM with the following equation.
divisor (decimal) = (XTAL1 clock frequency) / (serial data rate x 16)
8
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 3: TYPICAL DATA RATES WITH A 14.7456 MHZ CRYSTAL OR EXTERNAL CLOCK
OUTPUT Data Rate
MCR Bit-7=0
DIVISOR FOR 16x
Clock (Decimal)
DIVISOR FOR 16x
Clock (HEX)
DLM PROGRAM
VALUE (HEX)
DLL PROGRAM
VALUE (HEX)
DATA RATE
ERROR (%)
400
2304
900
09
00
0
2400
384
180
01
80
0
4800
192
C0
00
C0
0
9600
96
60
00
60
0
19.2k
48
30
00
30
0
38.4k
24
18
00
18
0
76.8k
12
0C
00
0C
0
153.6k
6
06
00
06
0
230.4k
4
04
00
04
0
460.8k
2
02
00
02
0
921.6k
1
01
00
01
0
2.8
Transmitter
The transmitter section comprises of an 8-bit Transmit Shift Register (TSR) and 1 byte FIFO or Transmit
Holding Register (THR). TSR shifts out every data bit with the 16X internal clock. A bit time is 16 clock periods.
The transmitter sends the start-bit followed by the number of data bits, inserts the proper parity-bit if enabled,
and adds the stop-bit(s). The status of the FIFO and TSR are reported in the Line Status Register (LSR bit-5
and bit-6).
2.8.1
Transmit Holding Register (THR) - Write Only
The host loads transmit data to THR one character at a time. The THR empty flag (LSR bit-5) is set when the
data byte is transferred to TSR. THR flag can generate a transmit empty interrupt (ISR bit-1) when it is enabled
by IER bit-1. The TSR flag (LSR bit-6) is set when TSR becomes completely empty.
FIGURE 5. TRANSMITTER OPERATION
Data
Byte
16X Clock
Transmit
Holding
Register
(THR)
THR Interrupt (ISR bit-1)
Enabled by IER bit-1
Transmit Shift Register (TSR)
M
S
B
L
S
B
TXNOFIFO1
9
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
2.9
REV. 1.0.0
Receiver
The receiver section contains an 8-bit Receive Shift Register (RSR) and 1 byte FIFO or Receive Holding
Register (RHR). The RSR uses the 16X clock for timing. It verifies and validates every bit on the incoming
character in the middle of each data bit. On the falling edge of a start or false start bit, an internal receiver
counter starts counting at the 16X clock rate. After 8 clocks the start bit period should be at the center of the
start bit. At this time the start bit is sampled and if it is still a logic 0 it is validated. Evaluating the start bit in this
manner prevents the receiver from assembling a false character. The rest of the data bits and stop bits are
sampled and validated in this same manner to prevent false framing. If there were any error(s), they are
reported in the LSR register bits 2-4. Once the data is received, the error tags are immediately updated to
reflect the status of the data byte in RHR register. RHR will generate a receive data ready interrupt upon
receiving a character if IER bit-0 has been enabled.
2.9.1
Receive Holding Register (RHR) - Read-Only
The Receive Holding Register is an 8-bit register that holds a receive data byte from the Receive Shift
Register. It provides the receive data interface to the host processor. The RHR register is part of the 1 byte
receive FIFO that is 11-bits wide, the 3 extra bits are for the 3 error tags to be reported in LSR register. After the
RHR is read, LSR bits 2-4 willl immediately be updated to reflect the errors for the next character byte
transferred from the RSR.
FIGURE 6. RECEIVER OPERATION
16X Clock
Receive Data Shift
Register (RSR)
Receive
Data Byte
and Errors
Error
Tags in
LSR bits
4:2
Receive Data
Holding Register
(RHR)
Data Bit
Validation
Receive Data Characters
RHR Interrupt (ISR bit-2)
RXFIFO1
10
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
2.10
Internal Loopback
The 2450 UART provides an internal loopback capability for system diagnostic purposes. The internal
loopback mode is enabled by setting MCR register bit-4 to logic 1. All regular UART functions operate normally.
Figure 7 shows how the modem port signals are re-configured. Transmit data from the transmit shift register
output is internally routed to the receive shift register input allowing the system to receive the same data that it
was sending. The TX pin is held at logic 1 or mark condition while RTS# and DTR# are de-asserted, and
CTS#, DSR# CD# and RI# inputs are ignored. Caution: the RX input must be held to a logic 1 during loopback
test else upon exiting the loopback test the UART may detect and report a false “break” signal.
FIGURE 7. INTERNAL LOOP BACK IN CHANNELS A AND B
VCC
TXA/TXB
Transmit Shift Register
(THR/FIFO)
Receive Shift Register
(RHR/FIFO)
RXA/RXB
VCC
RTSA#/RTSB#
RTS#
Modem / General Purpose Control Logic
Internal Data Bus Lines and Control Signals
MCR bit-4=1
CTS#
CTSA#/CTSB
VCC
DTRA#/DTRB#
DTR#
DSR#
DSRA#/DSRB#
OP1#
RI#
RIA#/RIB#
VCC
OP2A#/OP2B#
OP2#
CD#
CDA#/CDB#
11
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XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
3.0 UART INTERNAL REGISTERS
Each of the UART channel in the 2450 has its own set of configuration registers selected by address lines A0,
A1 and A2 with CSA# or CSB# selecting the channel. The registers are 16C450 compatible. The complete
register set is shown on Table 4 and Table 5.
TABLE 4: UART CHANNEL A AND B UART INTERNAL REGISTERS
A2,A1,A0 ADDRESSES
REGISTER
READ/WRITE
COMMENTS
16C550 COMPATIBLE REGISTERS
0
0 0
RHR - Receive Holding Register
THR - Transmit Holding Register
Read-only
Write-only
LCR[7] = 0
0
0 0
DLL - Div Latch Low Byte
Read/Write
LCR[7] = 1
0
0 1
DLM - Div Latch High Byte
Read/Write
LCR[7] = 1
0
0 1
IER - Interrupt Enable Register
Read/Write
LCR[7] = 0
0
1 0
ISR - Interrupt Status Register
Reserved
Read-only
Write-only
0
1 1
LCR - Line Control Register
Read/Write
1
0 0
MCR - Modem Control Register
Read/Write
1
0 1
LSR - Line Status Register
Reserved
Read-only
Write-only
1
1 0
MSR - Modem Status Register
Reserved
Read-only
Write-only
1
1 1
SPR - Scratch Pad Register
Read/Write
12
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
.
TABLE 5: INTERNAL REGISTERS DESCRIPTION
ADDRESS
A2-A0
REG
NAME
READ/
WRITE
BIT-7
BIT-6
BIT-5
BIT-4
BIT-3
BIT-2
BIT-1
BIT-0
COMMENT
16C450 Compatible Registers
000
RHR
RD
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
000
THR
WR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
001
IER
RD/WR
0
0
0
0
Modem RX Line
TX
RX
Stat.
Stat.
Empty
Data
Int.
Int.
Int
Int.
Enable Enable Enable Enable
010
ISR
RD
0
0
0
0
INT
INT
INT
INT
Source Source Source Source
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
011
LCR
RD/WR
Divisor
Enable
Set TX
Break
Set Parity
Even
Parity
100
MCR
RD/WR
0
0
0
Internal
Loopback
Enable
101
LSR
RD
0
THR &
TSR
Empty
THR
Empty
RX
Break
RX
Framing
Error
RX
Parity
Error
RX
Overrun
Error
RX
Data
Ready
110
MSR
RD
CD#
Input
RI#
Input
DSR#
Input
CTS#
Input
Delta
CD#
Delta
RI#
Delta
DSR#
Delta
CTS#
111
SPR
RD/WR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
Parity
Enable
Stop
Bits
LCR[7] = 0
Word
Word
Length Length
Bit-1
Bit-0
OP2#/ Rsrvd RTS# DTR#
INT
(OP1#) Output Output
Output
Control Control
Enable
Baud Rate Generator Divisor
000
DLL
RD/WR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
001
DLM
RD/WR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
LCR[7] = 1
4.0 INTERNAL REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS
4.1
Receive Holding Register (RHR) - Read- Only
See “Receiver” on page 10.
4.2
Transmit Holding Register (THR) - Write-Only
See “Transmitter” on page 9.
4.3
Interrupt Enable Register (IER) - Read/Write
The Interrupt Enable Register (IER) masks the interrupts from receive data ready, transmit empty, line status
and modem status registers. These interrupts are reported in the Interrupt Status Register (ISR).
13
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
4.3.1
REV. 1.0.0
Interrupt Mode Operation
When the receive interrupt (IER BIT-0 = 1) is enabled, the RHR interrupt (see ISR bit-2) status will reflect the
following:
A. The receive data available interrupts are issued to the host when there is a character in the RHR. It will be
cleared when the character has been read out of the RHR.
B. The receive data ready bit (LSR BIT-0) is set as soon as a character is transferred from the shift register to
the receive FIFO. It is reset when the RHR is empty.
4.3.2
Polled Mode Operation
Since the receiver and transmitter have separate bits in the LSR either or both can be used in the polled mode
by selecting respective transmit or receive control bit(s).
A. LSR BIT-0 indicates there is data in the RHR.
B. LSR BIT-1 indicates an overrun error has occurred and that data in the RHR may not be valid.
C. LSR BIT 2-4 provides the type of receive data errors encountered for the data byte in RHR, if any.
D. LSR BIT-5 indicates THR is empty.
E. LSR BIT-6 indicates when both the THR and TSR are empty.
IER[0]: RHR Interrupt Enable
The receive data ready interrupt will be issued when RHR has a data character.
• Logic 0 = Disable the receive data ready interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the receiver data ready interrupt.
IER[1]: THR Interrupt Enable
This bit enables the Transmit Ready interrupt which is issued whenever the Transmit FIFO becomes empty. If
the Transmit FIFO is empty when this bit is enabled, an interrupt will be generated.
• Logic 0 = Disable Transmit Ready interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable Transmit Ready interrupt.
IER[2]: Receive Line Status Interrupt Enable
If any of the LSR register bits 1, 2, 3 or 4 is a logic 1, it will generate an interrupt to inform the host controller
about the error status of the current data byte in FIFO.
• Logic 0 = Disable the receiver line status interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the receiver line status interrupt.
IER[3]: Modem Status Interrupt Enable
• Logic 0 = Disable the modem status register interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the modem status register interrupt.
IER[7:4]: Reserved
4.4
Interrupt Status Register (ISR) - Read-Only
The UART provides multiple levels of prioritized interrupts to minimize external software interaction. The
Interrupt Status Register (ISR) provides the user with four interrupt status bits. Performing a read cycle on the
ISR will give the user the current highest pending interrupt level to be serviced, others are queued up to be
serviced next. No other interrupts are acknowledged until the pending interrupt is serviced. The Interrupt
Source Table, Table 6, shows the data values (bits 0-3) for the interrupt priority levels and the interrupt sources
associated with each of these interrupt levels.
14
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
4.4.1
Interrupt Generation:
• LSR is by any of the LSR bits 1, 2, 3 and 4.
• RXRDY is by data byte received in RHR.
• TXRDY is by THR empty.
• MSR is by any of the MSR bits 0, 1, 2 and 3.
4.4.2
Interrupt Clearing:
• LSR interrupt is cleared by a read to the LSR register.
• RXRDY interrupt is cleared by reading data out of RHR.
• TXRDY interrupt is cleared by a read to the ISR register or writing to THR.
• MSR interrupt is cleared by a read to the MSR register.
]
TABLE 6: INTERRUPT SOURCE AND PRIORITY LEVEL
ISR REGISTER STATUS BITS
PRIORITY LEVEL
SOURCE OF INTERRUPT
BIT-3
BIT-2
BIT-1
BIT-0
1
0
1
1
0
LSR (Receiver Line Status Register)
2
0
1
0
0
RXRDY (Received Data Ready)
3
0
0
1
0
TXRDY (Transmit Ready)
4
0
0
0
0
MSR (Modem Status Register)
-
0
0
0
1
None (default)
ISR[0]: Interrupt Status
• Logic 0 = An interrupt is pending and the ISR contents may be used as a pointer to the appropriate interrupt
service routine.
• Logic 1 = No interrupt pending (default condition).
ISR[3:1]: Interrupt Status
These bits indicate the source for a pending interrupt at interrupt priority levels (See Table 6).
ISR[7:4]: Reserved
4.5
Line Control Register (LCR) - Read/Write
The Line Control Register is used to specify the asynchronous data communication format. The word or
character length, the number of stop bits, and the parity are selected by writing the appropriate bits in this
register.
LCR[1:0]: TX and RX Word Length Select
These two bits specify the word length to be transmitted or received.
BIT-1
BIT-0
WORD LENGTH
0
0
5 (default)
0
1
6
1
0
7
1
1
8
15
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
LCR[2]: TX and RX Stop-bit Length Select
The length of stop bit is specified by this bit in conjunction with the programmed word length.
BIT-2
WORD LENGTH
STOP BIT LENGTH (BIT TIME(S))
0
5,6,7,8
1 (default)
1
5
1-1/2
1
6,7,8
2
LCR[3]: TX and RX Parity Select
Parity or no parity can be selected via this bit. The parity bit is a simple way used in communications for data
integrity check. See Table 7 for parity selection summary below.
• Logic 0 = No parity.
• Logic 1 = A parity bit is generated during the transmission while the receiver checks for parity error of the
data character received.
LCR[4]: TX and RX Parity Select
If the parity bit is enabled with LCR bit-3 set to a logic 1, LCR BIT-4 selects the even or odd parity format.
• Logic 0 = ODD Parity is generated by forcing an odd number of logic 1’s in the transmitted character. The
receiver must be programmed to check the same format (default).
• Logic 1 = EVEN Parity is generated by forcing an even number of logic 1’s in the transmitted character. The
receiver must be programmed to check the same format.
LCR[5]: TX and RX Parity Select
If the parity bit is enabled, LCR BIT-5 selects the forced parity format.
• LCR[5] = logic 0, parity is not forced (default).
• LCR[5] = logic 1 and LCR[4] = logic 0, parity bit is forced to a logical 1 for the transmit and receive data.
• LCR[5] = logic 1 and LCR[4] = logic 1, parity bit is forced to a logical 0 for the transmit and receive data.
TABLE 7: PARITY SELECTION
LCR BIT-5 LCR BIT-4 LCR BIT-3
PARITY SELECTION
X
X
0
No parity
0
0
1
Odd parity
0
1
1
Even parity
1
0
1
Force parity to mark, “1”
1
1
1
Forced parity to space, “0”
LCR[6]: Transmit Break Enable
When enabled, the Break control bit causes a break condition to be transmitted (the TX output is forced to a
“space’, logic 0, state). This condition remains, until disabled by setting LCR bit-6 to a logic 0.
• Logic 0 = No TX break condition (default).
• Logic 1 = Forces the transmitter output (TX) to a “space”, logic 0, for alerting the remote receiver of a line
break condition.
16
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
LCR[7]: Baud Rate Divisors (DLL/DLM) Enable
• Logic 0 = Data registers are selected (default).
• Logic 1 = Divisor latch registers are selected.
4.6
Modem Control Register (MCR) or General Purpose Outputs Control - Read/Write
The MCR register is used for controlling the serial/modem interface signals or general purpose inputs/outputs.
MCR[0]: DTR# Output
The DTR# pin is a modem control output. If the modem interface is not used, this output may be used as a
general purpose output.
• Logic 0 = Force DTR# output to a logic 1 (default).
• Logic 1 = Force DTR# output to a logic 0.
MCR[1]: RTS# Output
The RTS# pin is a modem control output. If the modem interface is not used, this output may be used as a
general purpose output.
• Logic 0 = Force RTS# output to a logic 1 (default).
• Logic 1 = Force RTS# output to a logic 0.
MCR[2]: Reserved
OP1# is not available as an output pin on the 2450. But it is available for use during Internal Loopback Mode.
In the Loopback Mode, this bit is used to write the state of the modem RI# interface signal.
MCR[3]: OP2# Output / INT Output Enable
This bit enables and disables the operation of INT, interrupt output. If INT output is not used, OP2# can be
used as a general purpose output.
• Logic 0 = INT (A-B) outputs disabled (three state mode) and OP2# output set to a logic 1 (default).
• Logic 1 = INT (A-B) outputs enabled (active mode) and OP2# output set to a logic 0.
MCR[4]: Internal Loopback Enable
• Logic 0 = Disable loopback mode (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable local loopback mode, see loopback section and Figure 7.
MCR[7:5]: Reserved
4.7
Line Status Register (LSR) - Read Only
This register provides the status of data transfers between the UART and the host.
LSR[0]: Receive Data Ready Indicator
• Logic 0 = No data in receive holding register or FIFO (default).
• Logic 1 = Data has been received and is saved in the receive holding register .
LSR[1]: Receiver Overrun Flag
• Logic 0 = No overrun error (default).
• Logic 1 = Overrun error. A data overrun error condition occurred in the receive shift register. This happens
when additional data arrives while there is data in the RHR. In this case the previous data in the receive shift
register is overwritten. Note that under this condition the data byte in the receive shift register is not
transferred into the RHR, therefore the data in the RHR is not corrupted by the error. An interrupt will be
generated immediately if LSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-2).
17
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
LSR[2]: Receive Data Parity Error Flag
• Logic 0 = No parity error (default).
• Logic 1 = Parity error. The receive character in RHR does not have correct parity information and is suspect.
This error is associated with the character available for reading in RHR. If the LSR interrupt is enabled (IER
bit-2), an interrupt will be generated when the character is in the RHR.
LSR[3]: Receive Data Framing Error Flag
• Logic 0 = No framing error (default).
• Logic 1 = Framing error. The receive character did not have a valid stop bit(s). This error is associated with
the character available for reading in RHR. If the LSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-2), an interrupt will be
generated when the character is in the RHR.
LSR[4]: Receive Break Flag
• Logic 0 = No break condition (default).
• Logic 1 = The receiver received a break signal (RX was a logic 0 for at least one character frame time). The
break indication remains until the RX input returns to the idle condition, “mark” or logic 1. If the LSR interrupt
is enabled (IER bit-2), an interrupt will be generated when the character is in the RHR.
LSR[5]: Transmit Holding Register Empty Flag
This bit is the Transmit Holding Register Empty indicator. This bit indicates that the transmitter is ready to
accept a new character for transmission. In addition, this bit causes the UART to issue an interrupt to the host
when the THR interrupt enable is set. The THR bit is set to a logic 1 when the data byte is transferred from the
transmit holding register to the transmit shift register. The bit is reset to logic 0 concurrently with the data
loading to the transmit holding register by the host.
LSR[6]: THR and TSR Empty Flag
This bit is set to a logic 1 whenever the transmitter goes idle. It is set to logic 0 whenever either the THR or
TSR contains a data character.
LSR[7]: Reserved
4.8
Modem Status Register (MSR) - Read Only
This register provides the current state of the modem interface signals, or other peripheral device that the
UART is connected. Lower four bits of this register are used to indicate the changed information. These bits
are set to a logic 1 whenever a signal from the modem changes state. These bits may be used as general
purpose inputs/outputs when they are not used with modem signals.
MSR[0]: Delta CTS# Input Flag
• Logic 0 = No change on CTS# input (default).
• Logic 1 = The CTS# input has changed state since the last time it was monitored. A modem status interrupt
will be generated if MSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-3).
MSR[1]: Delta DSR# Input Flag
• Logic 0 = No change on DSR# input (default).
• Logic 1 = The DSR# input has changed state since the last time it was monitored. A modem status interrupt
will be generated if MSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-3).
MSR[2]: Delta RI# Input Flag
• Logic 0 = No change on RI# input (default).
• Logic 1 = The RI# input has changed from a logic 0 to a logic 1, ending of the ringing signal. A modem status
interrupt will be generated if MSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-3).
18
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
MSR[3]: Delta CD# Input Flag
• Logic 0 = No change on CD# input (default).
• Logic 1 = Indicates that the CD# input has changed state since the last time it was monitored. A modem
status interrupt will be generated if MSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-3).
MSR[4]: CTS Input Status
Normally this bit is the compliment of the CTS# input. However in the loopback mode, this bit is equivalent to
the RTS# bit in the MCR register. The CTS# input may be used as a general purpose input when the modem
interface is not used.
MSR[5]: DSR Input Status
Normally this bit is the compliment of the DSR# input. In the loopback mode, this bit is equivalent to the DTR#
bit in the MCR register. The DSR# input may be used as a general purpose input when the modem interface is
not used.
MSR[6]: RI Input Status
Normally this bit is the compliment of the RI# input. In the loopback mode this bit is equivalent to bit-2 in the
MCR register. The RI# input may be used as a general purpose input when the modem interface is not used.
MSR[7]: CD Input Status
Normally this bit is the compliment of the CD# input. In the loopback mode this bit is equivalent to bit-3 in the
MCR register. The CD# input may be used as a general purpose input when the modem interface is not used.
4.9
Scratch Pad Register (SPR) - Read/Write
This is a 8-bit general purpose register for the user to store temporary data. The content of this register is
preserved during sleep mode but becomes 0xFF (default) after a reset or a power off-on cycle.
4.10
Baud Rate Generator Registers (DLL and DLM) - Read/Write
The Baud Rate Generator (BRG) is a 16-bit counter that generates the data rate for the transmitter. The rate is
programmed through registers DLL and DLM which are only accessible when LCR bit-7 is set to ‘1’. See
“Programmable Baud Rate Generator” on page 8. for more details.
19
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 8: UART RESET CONDITIONS FOR CHANNEL A AND B
REGISTERS
RESET STATE
DLM
Bits 7-0 = 0xXX
DLL
Bits 7-0 = 0xXX
RHR
Bits 7-0 = 0xXX
THR
Bits 7-0 = 0xXX
IER
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
ISR
Bits 7-0 = 0x01
LCR
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
MCR
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
LSR
Bits 7-0 = 0x60
MSR
Bits 3-0 = Logic 0
Bits 7-4 = Logic levels of the inputs inverted
SPR
Bits 7-0 = 0xFF
I/O SIGNALS
RESET STATE
TX
Logic 1
OP2#
Logic 1
RTS#
Logic 1
DTR#
Logic 1
INT
Three-State Condition
20
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Power Supply Range
7 Volts
Voltage at Any Pin
GND-0.3 V to VCC+0.3 V
Operating Temperature
-40o to +85oC
Storage Temperature
-65o to +150oC
Package Dissipation
500 mW
TYPICAL PACKAGE THERMAL RESISTANCE DATA (MARGIN OF ERROR: ± 15%)
Thermal Resistance (48-TQFP)
theta-ja =59oC/W, theta-jc = 16oC/W
Thermal Resistance (44-PLCC)
theta-ja = 50oC/W, theta-jc = 21oC/W
Thermal Resistance (40-PDIP)
theta-ja = 50oC/W, theta-jc = 22oC/W
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED: TA=-40O TO +85OC, VCC IS 2.97V TO 5.5V
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
LIMITS
3.3V
MIN
MAX
LIMITS
5.0V
MIN
MAX
UNITS
CONDITIONS
VILCK
Clock Input Low Level
-0.3
0.6
-0.5
0.6
V
VIHCK
Clock Input High Level
2.4
VCC
3.0
VCC
V
VIL
Input Low Voltage
-0.3
0.8
-0.5
0.8
V
VIH
Input High Voltage
2.0
VCC
2.2
VCC
V
VOL
Output Low Voltage
0.4
V
V
IOL = 6 mA
V
V
IOH = -6 mA
0.4
VOH
Output High Voltage
2.4
2.0
IIL
Input Low Leakage Current
±10
±10
uA
IIH
Input High Leakage Current
±10
±10
uA
CIN
Input Pin Capacitance
5
5
pF
ICC
Power Supply Current
1.3
3
mA
21
IOL = 4 mA
IOH = -1 mA
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED: TA=-40O TO +85OC, VCC IS 2.97V TO 5.5V, 70 PF LOAD WHERE APPLICABLE
SYMBOL
LIMITS
3.3
PARAMETER
MIN
-
Crystal Frequency
LIMITS
5.0
MAX
MIN
16
25
UNIT
MAX
24
21
MHz
CLK
External Clock Low/High Time
OSC
External Clock Frequency
TAS
Address Setup Time
5
0
ns
TAH
Address Hold Time
10
5
ns
TCS
Chip Select Width
66
50
ns
TRD
IOR# Strobe Width
35
25
ns
TDY
Read Cycle Delay
40
30
ns
TRDV
Data Access Time
TDD
Data Disable Time
0
TWR
IOW# Strobe Width
40
25
ns
TDY
Write Cycle Delay
40
30
ns
TDS
Data Setup Time
20
15
ns
TDH
Data Hold Time
5
5
ns
20
24
35
25
ns
0
MHz
25
ns
15
ns
TWDO
Delay From IOW# To Output
50
40
ns
TMOD
Delay To Set Interrupt From MODEM Input
40
35
ns
TRSI
Delay To Reset Interrupt From IOR#
40
35
ns
TSSI
Delay From Stop To Set Interrupt
1
1
Bclk
TINT
Delay From Initial INT Reset To Transmit Start
24
Bclk
TWRI
Delay From IOW# To Reset Interrupt
40
ns
TRST
Reset Pulse Width
40
N
Baud Rate Divisor
1
Bclk
8
24
8
45
Baud Clock
40
216-1
1
16X of data rate
22
ns
216-1
Hz
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 8. CLOCK TIMING
CLK
CLK
EXTERNAL
CLOCK
OSC
FIGURE 9. MODEM INPUT/OUTPUT TIMING FOR CHANNELS A & B
IOW #
Active
T W DO
RTS#
DTR#
Change of state
Change of state
CD#
CTS#
DSR#
Change of state
Change of state
T MO D
T M OD
INT
Active
Active
Active
T RSI
IOR#
Active
Active
Active
T M OD
Change of state
RI#
23
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 10. DATA BUS READ TIMING
A0-A2
Valid Address
TAS
TCS
Valid Address
TAS
TAH
TAH
TCS
CSA#/
CSB#
TDY
TRD
TRD
IOR#
TDD
TRDV
D0-D7
TDD
TRDV
Valid Data
Valid Data
RDTm
FIGURE 11. DATA BUS WRITE TIMING
A0-A2
Valid Address
TAS
TCS
Valid Address
TAS
TAH
TCS
TAH
CSA#/
CSB#
TDY
TWR
TWR
IOW#
TDS
D0-D7
TDH
Valid Data
TDS
TDH
Valid Data
16Write
24
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 12. INTERRUPT TIMING FOR CHANNELS A & B
RX
Start
Bit
Stop
Bit
D0:D7
D0:D7
D0:D7
TSSI
1 Byte
in RHR
INT
TRSI
TSSI
TSSI
1 Byte
in RHR
1 Byte
in RHR
TRSI
TRSI
IOR#
(Reading data
out of RHR)
RXNFM
FIGURE 13. INTERRUPT TIMING FOR CHANNELS A & B
TX
Start
Bit
(Unloading)
IER[1]
enabled
Stop
Bit
D0:D7
TINT
D0:D7
D0:D7
TINT
TINT
INT*
TWRI
TWRI
ISR is read
TWRI
ISR is read
ISR is read
IOW#
(Loading data
into THR)
*INT is cleared when the ISR is read or when data is loaded into the THR.
25
TXNonFIFO
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (48 PIN TQFP - 7 X 7 X 1 mm)
D
D1
36
25
24
37
D1
13
48
1
2
1
B
e
A2
C
A
Seating
Plane
α
A1
L
Note: The control dimension is the millimeter column
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
0.039
0.047
1.00
1.20
A1
0.002
0.006
0.05
0.15
A2
0.037
0.041
0.95
1.05
B
0.007
0.011
0.17
0.27
C
0.004
0.008
0.09
0.20
D
0.346
0.362
8.80
9.20
D1
0.272
0.280
6.90
7.10
e
0.020 BSC
0.50 BSC
L
0.018
0.030
0.45
0.75
α
0°
7°
0°
7°
26
D
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (44 PIN PLCC)
44 LEAD PLASTIC LEADED CHIP CARRIER
(PLCC)
Rev. 1.00
C
D
D1
2 1
45° x H2
Seating Plane
45° x H1
A2
44
B1
D
D1
B
D3
e
R
D3
A1
A
Note: The control dimension is the millimeter column
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
0.165
0.180
4.19
4.57
A1
0.090
0.120
2.29
3.05
A2
0.020
---
0.51
---
B
0.013
0.021
0.33
0.53
B1
0.026
0.032
0.66
0.81
C
0.008
0.013
0.19
0.32
D
0.685
0.695
17.40
17.65
D1
0.650
0.656
16.51
16.66
D2
0.590
0.630
14.99
16.00
D3
0.500 typ.
12.70 typ.
e
0.050 BSC
1.27 BSC
H1
0.042
0.056
1.07
1.42
H2
0.042
0.048
1.07
1.22
R
0.025
0.045
0.64
1.14
27
D2
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (40 PIN PDIP)
40
21
E1
1
20
E
D
Seating
Plane
A2
A
A1
L
C
α
B
B1
e
eA
eB
Note: The control dimension is the millimeter column
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
0.160
0.250
4.06
6.35
A1
0.015
0.070
0.38
1.78
A2
0.125
0.195
3.18
4.95
B
0.014
0.024
0.36
0.56
B1
0.030
0.070
0.76
1.78
C
0.008
0.014
0.20
0.38
D
1.98
2.095
50.29
53.21
E
0.600
0.625
15.24
15.88
E1
0.485
0.580
12.32
14.73
e
0.100 BSC
2.54 BSC
eA
0.600 BSC
15.24 BSC
eB
0.600
0.700
15.24
17.78
L
0.115
0.200
2.92
5.08
α
0°
15°
0°
15°
28
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
REVISION HISTORY
DATE
REVISION
December 2004 1.0.0
DESCRIPTION
Initial Datasheet. This datasheet applies to devices with top mark date code of "B2
YYWW" and newer.
NOTICE
EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to
improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any
circuits described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that
the circuits are free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained here in are only for illustration
purposes and may vary depending upon a user’s specific application. While the information in this publication
has been carefully checked; no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies.
EXAR Corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the
failure or malfunction of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or
to significantly affect its safety or effectiveness. Products are not authorized for use in such applications unless
EXAR Corporation receives, in writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has
been minimized; (b) the user assumes all such risks; (c) potential liability of EXAR Corporation is adequately
protected under the circumstances.
Copyright 2004 EXAR Corporation
Datasheet December 2004.
Send your UART technical inquiry with technical details to hotline: [email protected].
Reproduction, in part or whole, without the prior written consent of EXAR Corporation is prohibited.
29
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................1
APPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................1
FEATURES .....................................................................................................................................................1
FIGURE 1. XR16C2450 BLOCK DIAGRAM ......................................................................................................................................... 1
FIGURE 2. PIN OUT ASSIGNMENT ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
ORDERING INFORMATION.................................................................................................................................2
PIN DESCRIPTIONS .........................................................................................................3
1.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................6
2.0 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS .............................................................................................................6
2.1 CPU INTERFACE .............................................................................................................................................. 6
FIGURE 3.
XR16C2450 DATA BUS INTERCONNECTIONS ................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 DEVICE RESET ................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.3 CHANNEL A AND B SELECTION .................................................................................................................... 7
TABLE 1: CHANNEL A AND B SELECT ............................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 CHANNEL A AND B INTERNAL REGISTERS ................................................................................................ 7
2.5 INTA AND INTB OUTPUTS .............................................................................................................................. 7
TABLE 2: INTA AND INTB PINS OPERATION FOR TRANSMITTER ........................................................................................................ 7
2.6 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR OR EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT ............................................................................. 7
FIGURE 4. TYPICAL OSCILLATOR CONNECTIONS ................................................................................................................................. 8
2.7 PROGRAMMABLE BAUD RATE GENERATOR ............................................................................................. 8
TABLE 3: TYPICAL DATA RATES WITH A 14.7456 MHZ CRYSTAL OR EXTERNAL CLOCK ........................................................................ 9
2.8 TRANSMITTER ................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.8.1 TRANSMIT HOLDING REGISTER (THR) - WRITE ONLY ........................................................................................... 9
FIGURE 5. TRANSMITTER OPERATION ............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.9 RECEIVER ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.9.1 RECEIVE HOLDING REGISTER (RHR) - READ-ONLY ............................................................................................ 10
FIGURE 6. RECEIVER OPERATION ................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.10 INTERNAL LOOPBACK ............................................................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 7. INTERNAL LOOP BACK IN CHANNELS A AND B ................................................................................................................ 11
3.0 UART INTERNAL REGISTERS ...........................................................................................................12
TABLE 4:
TABLE 5:
UART CHANNEL A AND B UART INTERNAL REGISTERS...................................................................................... 12
INTERNAL REGISTERS DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................... 13
4.0 INTERNAL REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS .............................................................................................13
4.1 RECEIVE HOLDING REGISTER (RHR) - READ- ONLY ............................................................................... 13
4.2 TRANSMIT HOLDING REGISTER (THR) - WRITE-ONLY ............................................................................ 13
4.3 INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER (IER) - READ/WRITE .............................................................................. 13
4.3.1 INTERRUPT MODE OPERATION .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.3.2 POLLED MODE OPERATION .................................................................................................................................... 14
4.4 INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (ISR) - READ-ONLY ............................................................................... 14
4.4.1 INTERRUPT GENERATION: ...................................................................................................................................... 15
4.4.2 INTERRUPT CLEARING: ........................................................................................................................................... 15
TABLE 6: INTERRUPT SOURCE AND PRIORITY LEVEL ....................................................................................................................... 15
4.5 LINE CONTROL REGISTER (LCR) - READ/WRITE ...................................................................................... 15
TABLE 7: PARITY SELECTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.6 MODEM CONTROL REGISTER (MCR) OR GENERAL PURPOSE OUTPUTS CONTROL - READ/WRITE
4.7 LINE STATUS REGISTER (LSR) - READ ONLY ...........................................................................................
4.8 MODEM STATUS REGISTER (MSR) - READ ONLY ....................................................................................
4.9 SCRATCH PAD REGISTER (SPR) - READ/WRITE ......................................................................................
4.10 BAUD RATE GENERATOR REGISTERS (DLL AND DLM) - READ/WRITE ..............................................
17
17
18
19
19
TABLE 8: UART RESET CONDITIONS FOR CHANNEL A AND B.............................................................................................. 20
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS...................................................................................21
TYPICAL PACKAGE THERMAL RESISTANCE DATA (MARGIN OF ERROR: ± 15%) 21
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................21
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................................................................................21
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................................................................................22
Unless otherwise noted: TA=-40o to +85oC, Vcc is 2.97V to 5.5V, 70 pF load where applicable ............................ 22
FIGURE 8. CLOCK TIMING ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
FIGURE 9. MODEM INPUT/OUTPUT TIMING FOR CHANNELS A & B ................................................................................................... 23
I
xr
XR16C2450
2.97V TO 5.5V DUART
FIGURE 11.
FIGURE 10.
FIGURE 12.
FIGURE 13.
REV. 1.0.0
DATA BUS WRITE TIMING ............................................................................................................................................ 24
DATA BUS READ TIMING .............................................................................................................................................. 24
INTERRUPT TIMING FOR CHANNELS A & B.................................................................................................................... 25
INTERRUPT TIMING FOR CHANNELS A & B.................................................................................................................... 25
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (48 PIN TQFP - 7 X 7 X 1 mm)................................................ 26
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (44 PIN PLCC) ....................................................................... 27
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (40 PIN PDIP) ........................................................................ 28
REVISION HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................... 29
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ I
II