HT48E70 I/O Type 8-Bit MTP MCU With EEPROM Features · Operating voltage: · HALT function and wake-up feature reduce power fSYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V fSYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V consumption · 16-level subroutine nesting · Low voltage reset function · Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock · 56 bidirectional I/O lines (max.) at VDD=5V · 1 interrupt input shared with an I/O line · Bit manipulation instruction · 2´16-bit programmable timer/event counter with over- · 16-bit table read instruction flow interrupt · 63 powerful instructions · On-chip crystal and RC oscillator · 106 erase/write cycles EEPROM data memory · Watchdog Timer · EEPROM data retention > 10 years · 1,000 erase/write cycles MTP program memory · All instructions in one or two machine cycles · 8192´16 program memory ROM (MTP) · In system programming (ISP) · 256´8 data memory EEPROM · 48-pin SSOP, 64-pin QFP package · 224´8 data memory RAM General Description wake-up functions, watchdog timer, buzzer driver, as well as low cost, enhance the versatility of these devices to suit a wide range of application possibilities such as industrial control, consumer products, subsystem controllers, etc. The HT48E70 is an 8-bit high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller device specifically designed for multiple I/O control product applications. The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, timer functions, oscillator options, HALT and Rev. 1.00 1 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Block Diagram T M R 1 C IN T M T M R 1 L T M R 1 H fS U Y S X /4 T M R 1 In te rru p t C ir c u it S T A C K P ro g ra m M e m o ry P ro g ra m C o u n te r M T M R 0 L T M R 0 H IN T C U fS /4 Y S X T M R 0 T M R 0 C E N /D IS In s tr u c tio n R e g is te r M M P U W D T S X D A T A M e m o ry W D T P r e s c a le r P A C P B C A L U T im in g G e n e ra to r P A M U X In s tr u c tio n D e c o d e r P O R T A P O R T B P B S T A T U S S h ifte r P C C P O R T C P C O S C 2 O S R V V C 1 E S D D S S P D C A C C P O R T D P D P E C B P P O R T E P E P F C P O R T F P F D a ta M e m o ry E E P R O M E E C R P G C P G Rev. 1.00 2 P O R T G W D T M U fS Y S /4 X W D T O S C P A 0 ~ P A 7 P B 0 /B Z P B 1 /B Z P B 2 ~ P B 7 P C 0 ~ P C 7 P D 0 ~ P D 7 P E 0 ~ P E 7 P F 0 ~ P F 7 P G 0 ~ P G 7 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Pin Assignment P A 6 P A 5 P A 4 P B 7 P B 6 P B 5 P B 4 P G 7 P G 6 P B 7 P G 5 P B 6 4 7 P G 4 4 8 2 P A 3 1 P A 2 P B 5 P B 4 P A 3 3 4 6 P A 4 P A 2 4 4 5 P A 5 P A 1 1 5 1 P A 7 P A 1 5 4 4 P A 6 P A 0 2 5 0 P F 0 P A 0 6 4 3 P A 7 P E 7 3 4 9 P F 1 P B 3 7 4 2 P F 0 P E 6 4 4 8 P F 2 P B 2 8 4 1 P F 1 P E 5 5 4 7 P F 3 P B 1 /B Z 9 4 0 P F 2 P E 4 6 4 6 O S C 2 P B 0 /B Z 1 0 3 9 P F 3 P B 3 7 4 5 O S C 1 P E 3 1 1 3 8 O S C 2 P B 2 8 4 4 P F 4 P E 2 1 2 3 7 O S C 1 P B 1 /B Z 9 4 3 P F 5 P B 0 /B Z 1 0 4 2 P F 6 P E 3 1 1 4 1 P F 7 P E 2 1 2 4 0 V D D P E 1 1 3 3 9 R E S P E 0 1 4 3 8 T M R 1 P E 1 1 3 3 6 V D D P E 0 1 4 3 5 R E S P D 7 1 5 3 4 T M R 1 1 6 3 3 P D 3 P D 5 1 7 3 2 P D 2 P D 4 1 8 3 1 P D 1 1 9 3 0 P D 6 V S S P D 0 P C 3 P D 0 V S S 1 9 3 3 P C 7 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 H T 4 8 E 7 0 4 8 S S O P -A P C 6 P C 4 2 5 3 4 P C 5 2 6 2 4 1 8 P C 4 2 3 P D 1 P D 4 P C 3 P C 1 P C 2 3 5 P C 2 P C 5 1 7 P C 1 2 7 P D 2 P D 5 P C 0 2 2 P D 3 3 6 P G 3 P C 0 3 7 1 6 P G 2 P C 6 1 5 P G 1 P C 7 2 8 P D 7 P D 6 P G 0 2 9 2 1 H T 4 8 E 7 0 6 4 Q F P -A T M R 0 2 0 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 IN T IN T T M R 0 6 4 6 3 6 2 6 1 6 0 Pad Assignment P A P A P A P B P B P B P B P G P G P G P G P A 6 5 7 5 7 6 4 6 1 5 0 3 4 2 7 Z Z 6 5 4 3 5 3 4 5 6 4 2 6 6 6 5 6 4 6 3 6 2 6 1 6 0 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 6 5 5 6 7 2 5 3 5 6 4 0 7 3 P A P E P E P E P E P B P B P B 1 /B P B 0 /B P E P E P E P E P D P D P D P D 4 P A 2 P A 1 1 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 P A P F P F P F P F 0 7 5 2 5 1 5 0 4 9 4 8 3 O S C 2 O S C 1 4 7 4 6 4 5 4 4 4 3 P F P F P F P F V D 1 2 (0 ,0 ) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 R 0 P D 1 P D 0 P C 7 S 3 6 3 7 3 8 T R IM 1 P C P C P C P C P C P C P C P G P G P G P G T M IN T V S 3 3 3 4 3 5 T R IM 2 T R IM 3 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 D 4 2 R E S 4 1 4 0 3 9 T M R 1 P D 3 P D 2 * The IC substrate should be connected to VSS in the PCB layout artwork. Rev. 1.00 3 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Pad Description Pad Name PA0~PA7 I/O Options Description I/O Wake-up Pull-high* CMOS or Schmitt Input Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each bit can be configured as a wake-up input by options. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input or CMOS input with or without pull-high resistor (by options). Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with pull-high resistor (determined by pull-high options). The PB0 and PB1 are pin-shared with BZ and BZ respectively. Once the PB0 or PB1 is selected as buzzer driving output, the output signals come from an internal PFD generator (shared with timer/event counter). PB0/BZ PB1/BZ PB2~PB7 I/O Pull-high* PB0 or BZ PB1 or BZ VSS ¾ ¾ Negative power supply, ground INT I ¾ External interrupt Schmitt trigger without pull-high resistor. Edge trigger is activated during high to low transition. TMR0 I ¾ Schmitt trigger input for Timer/Event Counter 0 TMR1 I ¾ Schmitt trigger input for Timer/Event Counter 1 I/O Pull-high* RES I ¾ Schmitt trigger reset input, active low. VDD ¾ ¾ Positive power supply OSC1 OSC2 I O Crystal or RC OSC1 and OSC2 are connected to an RC network. For RC operation, OSC2 is an output terminal for 1/4 system clock. PD0~PD7 I/O Pull-high* Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input (pull-high depends on options). PE0~PE7 I/O Pull-high* Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input (pull-high depends on options). PF0~PF7 I/O Pull-high* Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input (pull-high depends on options). PG0~PG7 I/O Pull-high* Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input (pull-high depends on options). PC0~PC7 Note: Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input (pull-high depends on options). * The pull-high resistors of each I/O port (PA, PB, PC, PD, PE, PF, PG) are controlled by options. CMOS or Schmitt trigger option of port A is controlled by an option. Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. Rev. 1.00 4 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 D.C. Characteristics Symbol VDD IDD1 Parameter Operating Voltage Ta=25°C Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit ¾ fSYS=4MHz 2.2 ¾ 5.5 V ¾ fSYS=8MHz 3.3 ¾ 5.5 V 3V ¾ 1 2 mA ¾ 3 5 mA ¾ 1 2 mA 5V ¾ 2.5 4 mA 5V No load, fSYS=8MHz ¾ 4 8 mA 3V ¾ ¾ 5 mA ¾ ¾ 10 mA ¾ ¾ 1 mA ¾ ¾ 2 mA ¾ ¾ 5 mA ¾ ¾ 10 mA Conditions VDD Operating Current (Crystal OSC) No load, fSYS=4MHz 5V IDD2 3V Operating Current (RC OSC) IDD3 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) ISTB1 Standby Current (WDT Enabled) No load, fSYS=4MHz No load, system HALT 5V ISTB2 3V Standby Current (WDT Disabled) No load, system HALT 5V ISTB3 3V Standby Current (WDT Disabled) No load, system HALT 5V VIL1 Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.3VDD V VIH1 Input High Voltage for I/O Ports ¾ ¾ 0.7VDD ¾ VDD V VIL2 Input Low Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0 ¾ 0.4VDD V VIH2 Input High Voltage (RES) ¾ ¾ 0.9VDD ¾ VDD V VLVR Low Voltage Reset ¾ LVR enabled 2.7 3.0 3.3 V IOL 3V VOL=0.1VDD 4 8 ¾ mA I/O Port Sink Current 5V VOL=0.1VDD 10 20 ¾ mA 3V VOH=0.9VDD -2 -4 ¾ mA 5V VOH=0.9VDD -5 -10 ¾ mA 3V 20 60 100 kW 10 30 50 kW IOH RPH I/O Port Source Current ¾ Pull-high Resistance 5V Rev. 1.00 5 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 A.C. Characteristics Symbol fSYS1 fSYS2 fTIMER Ta=25°C Parameter System Clock (Crystal OSC) System Clock (RC OSC) Timer I/P Frequency (TMR0/TMR1) tWDTOSC Watchdog Oscillator Period Test Conditions VDD Min. Typ. Max. Unit ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 400 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 400 ¾ 8000 kHz ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 400 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 400 ¾ 8000 kHz ¾ 2.2V~5.5V 0 ¾ 4000 kHz ¾ 3.3V~5.5V 0 ¾ 8000 kHz 3V ¾ 43 86 168 ms 5V ¾ 36 72 144 ms 3V tWDT1 Watchdog Time-out Period (WDT OSC) tWDT2 Watchdog Time-out Period (System Clock) ¾ tRES External Reset Low Pulse Width ¾ tSST System Start-up Timer Period ¾ tINT Interrupt Pulse Width ¾ Rev. 1.00 Conditions 11 22 43 ms 9 18 37 ms Without WDT prescaler ¾ 1024 ¾ tSYS ¾ 1 ¾ ¾ ms ¾ 1024 ¾ tSYS 1 ¾ ¾ ms Without WDT prescaler 5V 6 Wake-up from HALT ¾ September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Functional Description Execution Flow struction code, the contents of the program counter are incremented by one. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. The HT48E70 system clock is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator and is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip execution, loading PCL register, subroutine call or return from subroutine, initial reset, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from interrupts, the PC manages program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. The pipelining scheme ensures that each instructions are effectively executed in one cycle. Exceptions to this are instructions that change the contents of the program counter, such as subroutine calls or jumps, in which case, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise proceed to the next instruction. The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a readable and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be within the current program ROM page. Program Counter - PC The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in the program ROM are executed and its contents specify a full range of program memory. When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an in- S y s te m C lo c k T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 O S C 2 ( R C o n ly ) P C P C P C + 1 F e tc h IN S T (P C ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 ) P C + 2 F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C ) F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 ) Execution Flow Program Counter Mode *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 Initial Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 External Interrupt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Skip Program Counter+2 Loading PCL *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Jump, Call Branch #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 Return from Subroutine S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Program Counter Note: *12~*0: Program counter bits S12~S0: Stack register bits #12~#0: Instruction code bits Rev. 1.00 @7~@0: PCL bits 7 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 In System Programming 0 0 0 H In system programming allows programming and reprogramming of HT48EXX microcontroller on application circuit board, this will save time and money, both during development in the lab. Using a simple 3-wire interface, the ISP communicates serially with the HT48EXX microcontroller, reprogramming program memory and EEPROM data memory on the chip. Pin Name Function 0 0 4 H SDATA Serial data input/output PA4 SCLK Serial clock input RES RESET Device reset VDD VDD Power supply VSS VSS Ground E x te r n a l In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e 0 0 8 H T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0 In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e 0 0 C H Description PA0 D e v ic e In itia liz a tio n P r o g r a m T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1 In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e P ro g ra m M e m o ry n 0 0 H L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) n F F H L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) 1 F F F H 1 6 b its N o te : n ra n g e s fro m ISP Pin Assignments Program Memory Program Memory - ROM from a Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow, and the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 00CH. The program memory is used to store the program instructions which are to be executed. It also contains data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized into 8192´16 bits, addressed by the program counter and table pointer. · Table location Any location in the program memory can be used as look-up tables where programmers can store fixed data. The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (the current page, one page=256 words) and ²TABRDL [m]² (the last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to TBLH (08H). The Table Higher-order byte register (TBLH) is read only. The table pointer (TBLP) is a read/write register (07H), which indicates the table location. Before accessing the table, the location must be placed in the TBLP. The TBLH is read only and cannot be restored. If the main routine and the ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) both employ the table read instruction, the contents of the TBLH in the main routine are likely to be changed by the table read instruction used in the ISR. Errors can occur. In other words, using the table read instruction in the main routine and the ISR simultaneously should be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has to be applied in both the main routine and the ISR, the interrupt is supposed to be disabled prior to the table read instruction. It will not be enabled until the TBLH has been backed up. All table related instructions require two cycles to Certain locations in the program memory are reserved for special usage: · Location 000H This area is reserved for program initialization. After chip reset, the program always begins execution at location 000H. · Location 004H This area is reserved for the external interrupt service program. If the INT interrupt pin is activated, the interrupt enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 004H. · Location 008H This area is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 008H. · Location 00CH This location is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results Instruction 0 to 1 F Table Location *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 TABRDC [m] P12 P11 P10 P9 P8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 TABRDL [m] 1 1 1 1 1 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Table Location Note: *12~*0: Table location bits P12~P8: Current program counter bits @7~@0: Table pointer bits Rev. 1.00 8 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 0 0 H complete the operation. These areas may function as normal program memory depending upon the requirements. Stack Register - STACK This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the Program Counter only. The stack is organized into 16 levels and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither readable nor writable. The activated level is indexed by the stack pointer (SP) and is neither readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction (RET or RETI), the program counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the stack. If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the stack pointer is decremented (by RET or RETI), the interrupt will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily. In a similar case, if the stack is full and a ²CALL² is subsequently executed, stack overflow occurs and the first entry will be lost (only the most recent 16 return addresses are stored). Data Memory - RAM The data memory has a capacity of 256´8 bits and is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose data memory (224´8). Most are read/write, but some are read only. M P 0 0 2 H In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 1 0 3 H M P 1 0 4 H B P 0 5 H A C C 0 6 H P C L 0 7 H T B L P 0 8 H T B L H 0 9 H W D T S 0 A H S T A T U S 0 B H IN T C 0 C H T M R 0 H 0 D H T M R 0 L 0 E H T M R 0 C 0 F H T M R 1 H 1 0 H T M R 1 L 1 1 H T M R 1 C 1 2 H P A 1 3 H P A C 1 4 H P B 1 5 H P B C 1 6 H P C 1 7 H P C C 1 8 H P D 1 9 H P D C 1 A H P E 1 B H P E C 1 C H P F 1 D H P F C 1 E H P G 1 F H 2 0 H P G C S p e c ia l P u r p o s e D A T A M E M O R Y : U n u s e d R e a d a s "0 0 " G e n e ra l P u rp o s e D A T A M E M O R Y (2 2 4 B y te s ) The special function registers include the indirect addressing registers (R0;00H, R1;02H), the Bank Pointer (BP;04H), timer/event 0 higher order byte register (TMR0H;0CH), Timer/Event Counter 0 lower order byte register (TMR0L; 0DH) Timer/Event Counter 0 control register (TMR0C;0EH), Timer/Event Counter 1 higher order byte register (TMR1H;0FH), Timer/Event Counter 1 lower order byte register (TMR1L;10H), Timer/Event Counter 1 control register (TMR1C;11H), program counter lower-order byte register (PCL;06H), memory pointer re g is t e r s ( M P 0; 01H , M P 1 ; 0 3 H ) , ac cu m u l a t o r (A C C ; 05H ) , t a b l e poi n t e r ( TB L P ; 07 H ) , t a b l e higher-order byte register (TBLH;08H), status register (STATUS;0AH), interrupt control register (INTC;0BH), Watchdog Timer option setting register (WDTS;09H), I/O registers (PA;12H, PB;14H, PC;16H, PD;18H, PE;1AH, PF;1CH, PG;1EH) and I/O control registers (PAC;13H, PBC;15H, PCC;17H, PDC;19H, PEC;1BH, PFC;1DH, PGC;1FH). The general purpose data memory, addressed from 20H to FFH, is used for data and control information under instruction commands. Rev. 1.00 In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 0 1 H F F H RAM Mapping All of the data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations directly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and reset by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i². They are also indirectly accessible through memory pointer registers (MP0 or MP1). The control register of the EEPROM data memory is located at [40H] in Bank 1. Indirect Addressing Register Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers that are not physically implemented. Any read/write operation of [00H] ([02H]) will access data memory pointed to by MP0 (MP1). Reading location 00H (02H) itself indirectly will return the result 00H. Writing indirectly results in no operation. 9 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 only by executing the ²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or during a system power-up. The memory pointer registers (MP0 and MP1) are 8-bit registers used to access the RAM by combining corresponding indirect addressing registers. MP0 can only be applied to data memory in Bank 0, while MP1 can be applied to data memory in Bank 0 and Bank1. The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations. In addition, on entering the interrupt sequence or executing the subroutine call, the status register will not be pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of the status are important and if the subroutine can corrupt the status register, precautions must be taken to save it properly. Accumulator The accumulator is closely related with operations carried out by the ALU. It is mapped to location 05H of the data memory and can carry out immediate data operations. The data movement between two data memory locations must pass through the accumulator. Interrupt Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU The device provides an external interrupt and internal timer/event counter interrupts. The Interrupt Control Register (INTC;0BH) contains the interrupt control bits to set the enable or disable and the interrupt request flags. This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. The ALU provides the following functions: · Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA) · Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL) Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked (by clearing the EMI bit). This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may occur during this interval but only the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain interrupt requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bit of the INTC may be set to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until the SP is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must be prevented from becoming full. · Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC) · Increment and Decrement (INC, DEC) · Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ ....) The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation but also changes the status register. Status Register - STATUS This 8-bit register (0AH) contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also records the status information and controls the operation sequence. All these kinds of interrupts have a wake-up capability. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the program counter onto the stack, followed by a branch to a subroutine at specified location in the program memory. Only the program counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or status register (STATUS) are altered by the interrupt service program which corrupts the desired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance. With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions like most other registers. Any data written into the status register will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addition, operations related to the status register may give different results from those intended. The TO flag can be affected only by a system power-up, a WDT time-out or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. The PDF flag can be affected Bit No. Label Function 0 C C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. 1 AC AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is cleared. 2 Z 3 OV OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared. 4 PDF PDF is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing the ²HALT² instruction. 5 TO TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or HALT instruction. TO is set by a WDT time-out. 6, 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared. Status (0AH) Register Rev. 1.00 10 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Bit No. Label 0 EMI Controls the master (global) interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) Function 1 EEI Controls the external interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 2 ET0I Controls the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 3 ET1I Controls the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) 4 EIF External interrupt request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 5 T0F Internal Timer/Event Counter 0 request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 6 T1F Internal Timer/Event Counter 1 request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) 7 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² INTC (0BH) Register External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transition of the INT and the related interrupt request flag (EIF; bit 4 of INTC) will be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the external interrupt is active, a subroutine call to location 04H will occur. The interrupt request flag (EIF) and EMI bits will be cleared to disable other interrupts. Timer/Event Counter 0/1 interrupt bit (ET0I/ET1I), enable external interrupt bit (EEI) and enable master interrupt bit (EMI) constitute an interrupt control register (INTC) which is located at 0BH in the data memory. EMI, EEI, ET0I and ET1I are used to control the enabling or disabling of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request flags (T0F, T1F, EIF) are set, they will remain in the INTC register until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a software instruction. The internal Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt is initialized by setting the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 5 of INTC), caused by a timer 0 overflow. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location 08H will occur. The related interrupt request flag (T0F) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. It is recommended that a program does not use the ²CALL subroutine² within the interrupt subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged once the ²CALL² operates in the interrupt subroutine. The internal timer/even counter 1 interrupt is initialized by setting the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt request flag (T1F;bit 6 of INTC), caused by a timer 1 overflow. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the T1F is set, a subroutine call to location 0CH will occur. The related interrupt request flag (T1F) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. Oscillator Configuration There are 2 oscillator circuits in the microcontroller. V During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other interrupt acknowledge signals are held until the ²RETI² instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set to 1 (if the stack is not full). To return from the interrupt subroutine, ²RET² or ²RETI² may be invoked. RETI will set the EMI bit to enable an interrupt service, but RET will not. O S C 1 Interrupt Source C r y s ta l O s c illa to r External Interrupt 1 04H b Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow 2 08H c Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow 3 0CH O S C 2 R C O s c illa to r All of them are designed for system clocks, namely the external RC oscillator, the external Crystal oscillator, which are determined by options. No matter what oscillator type is selected, the signal provides the system clock. The HALT mode stops the system oscillator and ignores an external signal to conserve power. If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VDD is required and the resistance must range from 24kW to 1MW. The system clock, divided by 4, is available on OSC2, which can be used to synchronize external logic. The RC oscillator provides the most The Timer/Event Counter 0/1 interrupt request flag (T0F/T1F), external interrupt request flag (EIF), enable Rev. 1.00 fS Y S /4 N M O S O p e n D r a in System Oscillator Priority Vector a O S C 1 4 7 0 p F O S C 2 Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests the following table shows the priority that is applied. These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit. No. D D 11 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recommended, since the HALT will stop the system clock. cost effective solution. However, the frequency of oscillation may vary with VDD, temperatures and the chip itself due to process variations. It is, therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations where an accurate oscillator frequency is desired. WS2 WS1 WS0 Division Ratio 0 0 0 1:1 If a Crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator. No other external components are required. In stead of a crystal, a resonator can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required. 0 0 1 1:2 0 1 0 1:4 0 1 1 1:8 1 0 0 1:16 1 0 1 1:32 1 1 0 1:64 The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, and no external components are required. Even if the system enters the power down mode, the system clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works within a period of approximately 65ms at 5V. The WDT oscillator can be disabled by options to conserve power. 1 1 1 1:128 WDTS (09H) Register The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize a ²chip reset² and set the status bit ²TO². But in the HALT mode, the overflow will initialize a ²warm reset² and only the Program Counter and SP are reset to zero. To clear the contents of WDT (including the WDT prescaler), three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level to RES), software instruction and a ²HALT² instruction. The software instruction includes ²CLR WDT² and the other set - ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². Of these two types of instruction, only one can be active depending upon the option - ²CLR WDT times selection option². If the ²CLR WDT² is selected (i.e. CLRWDT times equal one), any execution of the ²CLR WDT² instruction will clear the WDT. In the case that ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² are chosen (i.e. CLRWDT times equal two), these two instructions must be executed to clear the WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset the chip as a result of time-out. Watchdog Timer - WDT The WDT clock source is implemented by a dedicated RC oscillator (WDT oscillator), instruction clock (system clock divided by 4), determine by options. This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence from jumping to an unknown location with unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can be disabled by options. If the Watchdog Timer is disabled, all the executions related to the WDT result in no operation. Once the internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with a period of 65ms at 5V normally) is selected, it is first divided by 256 (8-stage) to get the nominal time-out period of 17ms at 5V. This time-out period may vary with temperatures, VDD and process variations. By making use of the WDT prescaler, longer time-out periods can be realized. Writing data to WS2, WS1, WS0 (bit 2,1,0 of the WDTS) can give different time-out periods. If WS2, WS1, and WS0 are all equal to 1, the division ratio is up to 1:128, and the maximum time-out period is 2.1s at 5V seconds. If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still come from the instruction clock and operates in the same manner except that in the HALT state the WDT may stop counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the logic can only be restarted by external logic. The high nibble and bit 3 of the WDTS are reserved for user-defined flags, which can be used to indicate some specified status. S y s te m Power Down Operation - HALT The HALT mode is initialized by a ²HALT² instruction and results in the following... · The system oscillator will be turned off but the WDT oscillator remains running (if the WDT oscillator is selected). · The contents of the on chip RAM and registers remain unchanged. · WDT and WDT prescaler will be cleared and re- counted again (if the WDT clock is from the WDT oscillator). C lo c k /4 W D T P r e s c a le r O p tio n S e le c t 8 - b it C o u n te r W D T O S C 7 - b it C o u n te r 8 -to -1 M U X W S 0 ~ W S 2 W D T T im e - o u t Watchdog Timer Rev. 1.00 12 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 · All of the I/O ports maintain their original status. TO PDF RESET Conditions · The PDF flag is set and the TO flag is cleared. 0 0 RES reset during power-on The system can leave the HALT mode by means of an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge signal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset causes a device initialization and the WDT overflow performs a ²warm reset². After the TO and PDF flags are examined, the reason for chip reset can be determined. The PDF flag is cleared by system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction and is set when executing the ²HALT² instruction. The TO flag is set if the WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the Program Counter and SP; the others remain in their original status. u u RES reset during normal operation 0 1 RES wake-up from HALT mode 1 u WDT time-out reset during normal operation 1 1 WDT wake-up from HALT mode Note: ²u² stands for ²unchanged² To guarantee that the system oscillator is started and stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system reset (power-up, WDT time-out or RES reset) or the system awakes from the HALT state. The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in port A can be independently selected to wake-up the device by options. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program will resume execution of the next instruction. If it awakens from an interrupt, two sequence may occur. If the related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program will resume execution at the next instruction. If the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt response takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² before entering the HALT mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled. Once a wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 tSYS (system clock period) to resume normal operation. In other words, a dummy period will be inserted after a wake-up. If the wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledge signal, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by one or more cycles. If the wake-up results in the next instruction execution, this will be executed immediately after the dummy period is finished. When a system reset occurs, the SST delay is added during the reset period. Any wake-up from HALT will enable the SST delay. V D D R E S S T S S T T im e - o u t C h ip R e s e t Reset Timing Chart V D D 0 .0 1 m F * 1 0 0 k W R E S 1 0 k W 0 .1 m F * Reset Circuit To minimize power consumption, all the I/O pins should be carefully managed before entering the HALT status. Note: Reset There are three ways in which a reset can occur: ²*² Make the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. H A L T · RES reset during normal operation W a rm R e s e t W D T · RES reset during HALT · WDT time-out reset during normal operation R E S The WDT time-out reset during HALT mode is different from other chip reset conditions, since it can perform a ²warm reset² that resets only the Program Counter and SP, leaving the other circuits in their original state. Some registers remain unchanged during other reset conditions. Most registers are reset to the ²initial condition² when the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between different ²chip resets². Rev. 1.00 tS O S C 1 C o ld R e s e t S S T 1 0 - b it R ip p le C o u n te r S y s te m R e s e t Reset Configuration 13 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 An extra option load time delay is added during system reset (power-up, WDT time-out at normal mode or RES reset). The functional unit chip reset status are shown below. Program Counter 000H Interrupt Disable Prescaler Clear WDT Clear. After master reset, WDT begins counting Timer/Event Counter Off Input/Output Ports Input mode SP Points to the top of the stack The states of the registers is summarized in the table. Register Reset (Power On) WDT Time-out RES Reset (Normal Operation) (Normal Operation) RES Reset (HALT) WDT Time-out (HALT)* TMR0H xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR0L xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR0C 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- uu-u u--- TMR1H xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR1L xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu TMR1C 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- uu-u u--- Program Counter 000H 000H 000H 000H 000H MP0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu MP1 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ---- ---0 ---- ---0 ---- ---0 ---- ---0 ---- ---u xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu BP ACC TBLP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TBLH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu STATUS --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu -uuu uuuu INTC -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 WDTS 0000 0111 0000 0111 0000 0111 0000 0111 uuuu uuuu PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PB 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PBC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PCC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PD 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PDC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PE 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PEC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PF 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PFC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PG 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PGC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu 1000 ---- 1000 ---- 1000 ---- 1000 ---- uuuu ---- EECR Note: ²*² stands for ²warm reset² ²u² stands for ²unchanged² ²x² stands for ²unknown² Rev. 1.00 14 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Timer/Event Counter byte buffer, respectively. Reading the TMR0L will read the contents of the lower-order byte buffer. The TMR0C is the Timer/Event Counter 1 control register, which defines the operating mode, counting enable or disable and active edge. Two timer/event counters (TMR0, TMR1) are implemented in the microcontroller. The Timer/Event Counter 0 contains a 16-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come from an external source or from the system clock divided by 4. There are 3 registers related to the Timer/Event Counter 1; TMR1H (0FH), TMR1L (10H), TMR1C (11H). Writing TMR1L will only put the written data to an internal lower-order byte buffer (8 bits) and writing TMR1H will transfer the specified data and the contents of the lower-order byte buffer to TMR1H and TMR1L preload registers respectively. The Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register is changed by each writing TMR1H operations. Reading TMR1H will latch the contents of TMR1H and TMR1L counters to the destination and the lower-order byte buffer, respectively. Reading the TMR1L will read the contents of the lower-order byte buffer. The TMR1C is the Timer/Event Counter 1 control register, which defines the operating mode, counting enable or disable and active edge. The Timer/Event Counter 1 contains a 16-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come from an external source or from the system clock divided by 4. Using the external clock input allows the user to count external events, measure time intervals or pulse widths, or generate an accurate time base. While using the internal clock allows the user to generate an accurate time base. There are 3 registers related to the Timer/Event Counter 0;TMR0H ([0CH]), TMR0L ([0DH]), TMR0C ([0EH]). Writing TMR0L will only put the written data to an internal lower-order byte buffer (8 bits) and writing TMR0H will transfer the specified data and the contents of the lower-order byte buffer to TMR0H and TMR0L preload registers, respectively. The Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register is changed by each writing TMR0H operations. Reading TMR0H will latch the contents of TMR0H and TMR0L counters to the destination and the lower-order The T0M0, T0M1, T1M0, T1M1 bits define the operating mode. The event count mode is used to count external events, which means the clock source comes from an external (TMR0/TMR1) pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the Bit No. Label 0~2 ¾ 3 T0E Defines the TMR0 active edge of the Timer/Event Counter 0 (0=active on low to high; 1=active on high to low) 4 T0ON Enable or disable timer 0 counting (0=disabled; 1=enabled) 5 ¾ 6 7 T0M0 T0M1 Function Unused bit, read as ²0² Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the operating mode (T0M1, T0M0) 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMR0C (0EH) Register Bit No. Label 0~2 ¾ 3 T1E Defines the TMR1 active edge of the Timer/Event Counter 1 (0=active on low to high; 1=active on high to low) 4 T1ON Enable or disable timer 1 counting (0=disabled; 1=enabled) 5 ¾ 6 7 T1M0 T1M1 Function Unused bit, read as ²0² Unused bit, read as ²0² Defines the operating mode (T1M1, T1M0) 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMR1C (11H) Register Rev. 1.00 15 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 instruction clock (Timer1). The pulse width measurement mode can be used to count the high or low level duration of the external signal (TMR0/TMR1). The counting is based on the instruction clock (Timer1). overflows, the counter 0/1 is reloaded from the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 preload register and issues the interrupt request just like the other two modes. To enable the counting operation, the timer ON bit (T0ON/T1ON; bit 4 of TMR0C/TMR1C) should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the T0ON/T1ON will be cleared automatically after the measurement cycle is completed. But in the other two modes the T0ON/T1ON can only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 is one of the wake-up sources. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to ET0I/ET1I can disable the corresponding interrupt services. In the event count or timer mode, once the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 starts counting, it will count from the current contents in the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 to FFFFH. Once overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 preload register and generates the interrupt request flag (T0F/T1F; bit 5/6 of INTC) at the same time. In the pulse width measurement mode with the T0ON/T1ON and T0E/T1E bits equal to one, once the TMR0/TMR1 has received a transient from low to high (or high to low if the TE bits is ²0²) it will start counting until the TMR0/TMR1 returns to the original level and resets the T0ON/T1ON. The measured result will remain in the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 even if the activated transient occurs again. In other words, only one cycle measurement can be done. Until setting the T0ON/T1ON, the cycle measurement will function again as long as it receives further transient pulse. Note that, in this operating mode, the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 starts counting not according to the logic level but according to the transient edges. In the case of counter In the case of Timer/Event Counter 0/1 OFF condition, writing data to the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 preload register will also reload that data to the Timer/Event Counter 0/1. But if the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 is turned on, data written to it will only be kept in the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 preload register. The Timer/Event Counter 0/1 will still operate until overflow occurs (a Timer/Event Counter 0/1 reloading will occur at the same time). When the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 (reading TMR0/TMR1) is read, the clock will be blocked to avoid errors. As clock blocking may result in a counting error, this must be taken into consideration by the programmer. D a ta B u s fS Y S /4 T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0 T M R 0 1 6 B its T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P r e lo a d R e g is te r R e lo a d T 0 E P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0 T 0 O N L o w B y te B u ffe r 1 6 B its T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r (T M R 0 H /T M R 0 L ) O v e r flo w to In te rru p t 1 /2 B Z B Z Timer/Event Counter 0 D a ta B u s fS Y S /4 T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0 T M R 1 1 6 B its T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P r e lo a d R e g is te r R e lo a d T 1 E T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0 T 1 O N L o w B y te B u ffe r P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l 1 6 B its T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r (T M R 1 H /T M R 1 L ) 1 /2 O v e r flo w to In te rru p t B Z B Z Timer/Event Counter 1 Rev. 1.00 16 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 For output function, CMOS is the only configuration. These control registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H, 17H, 19H, 1BH, 1DH and 1FH. Input/Output Ports There are 56 bidirectional input/output lines in the microcontroller, labeled from PA to PG, which are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H], [16H], [18H], [1AH], [1CH] and [1EH] respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output operations. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]² (m=12H, 14H, 16H, 18H, 1AH, 1CH or 1EH). For output operation, all the data is latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. After a chip reset, these input/output lines remain at high levels or floating state (depending on the pull-high options). Each bit of these input/output latches can be set or cleared by ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² (m=12H, 14H, 16H, 18H, 1AH, 1CH or 1EH) instructions. Some instructions first input data and then follow the output operations. For example, ²SET [m].i², ²CLR [m].i², ²CPL [m]², ²CPLA [m]² read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or the accumulator. Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC, PDC, PEC, PFC, PGC) to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register must write a ²1². The input source also depends on the control register. If the control register bit is ²1², the input will read the pad state. If the control register bit is ²0², the contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The latter is possible in the ²read-modify-write² instruction. Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the device. There is a pull-high option available for all I/O lines (port option). Once the pull-high option of an I/O line is selected, the I/O line has a pull-high resistor. Otherwise, the pull-high resistor is absent. It should be noted that a non-pull-high I/O line operating in input mode will cause a floating state. V C o n tr o l B it D a ta B u s W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r W r ite D a ta R e g is te r P U Q D Q C K S C h ip R e s e t R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r D D P A 0 P B 0 P C 0 P D 0 P E 0 P F 0 P G 0 D a ta B it Q D ~ P ~ P ~ P ~ P ~ P ~ P ~ P A 7 B 7 C 7 D 7 E 7 F 7 G 7 Q C K S M R e a d D a ta R e g is te r S y s te m W a k e -u p ( P A o n ly ) U X O P 0 ~ O P 7 Input/Output Ports Rev. 1.00 17 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Low Voltage Reset - LVR The relationship between VDD and VLVR is shown below. The microcontroller provides a low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. If the supply voltage of the device drops to within the range of 0.9V~VLVR, such as might occur when changing the battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. V D D 5 .5 V V O P R 5 .5 V V L V R 3 .3 V 2 .4 V The LVR includes the following specifications: · A low voltage (0.9V~VLVR) must exist for greater than 1ms. If the low voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it and will not perform a reset function. 0 .9 V Note: · The LVR uses the ²OR² function with the external RES signal to perform chip reset. V VOIR is the voltage range for proper chip operation at 4MHz system clock. D D 5 .5 V V L V R L V R D e te c t V o lta g e 0 .9 V 0 V R e s e t S ig n a l N o r m a l O p e r a tio n R e s e t R e s e t *1 *2 Low Voltage Reset Note: *1: To make sure that the system oscillator has stabilized, the SST provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses before entering the normal operation. *2: Since low voltage has to be maintained in its original state and exceed 1ms, therefore 1ms delay enters the reset mode. EEPROM Data Memory The 256´8 bits EEPROM data memory is readable and writable during normal operation. It is indirectly addressed through the control register EECR ([40H] in Bank 1). The EECR can be read and written to only by indirect addressing mode using MP1. Bit No. Label Function 0~3 ¾ Unused bit, read as ²0² 4 CS EEPROM data memory select 5 SK Serial clock input to EEPROM data memory 6 DI Serial data input to EEPROM data memory 7 DO Serial data output from EEPROM data memory EECR (40H) Register Rev. 1.00 18 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 C S S K C S E E C R S K C o n tro l L o g ic a n d C lo c k G e n e ra to r A d d r e s s R e g is te r A d d re s s D e c o d e r D I D O V D D D I M e m o r y C e ll A r r a y 2 K : (2 5 6 ´ 8 ) D a ta R e g is te r O u tp u t B u ffe r D O S a m e a s H T 9 3 L C 5 6 EEPROM Data Memory Block Diagram EEPROM data memory at the rising edge of SK. During the READ cycle, DO acts as the data output and during the WRITE or ERASE cycle, DO indicates the BUSY/READY status. When the DO is active for read data or as a BUSY/ READY indicator the CS pin must be high; otherwise DO will be in a high state. For successful instructions, CS must be low once after the instruction is sent. After power on, the device is by default in the EWDS state. An EWEN instruction must be performed before any ERASE or WRITE instruction can be executed. The EEPROM data memory is accessed via a three-wire serial communication interface by writing to EECR. It is arranged into 256 words by 8 bits. The EEPROM data memory contains seven instructions: READ, ERASE, WRITE, EWEN, EWDS, ERAL and WRAL. These instructions are all made up of 12 bits data: 1 start bit, 2 op-code bits and 9 address bits. By writing CS, SK and DI, these instructions can be transmitted to the EEPROM. These serial instruction data presented at the DI will be written into the The following are the functional descriptions and timing diagrams of all seven instructions. C S tC S S tC tS S K D I D O Rev. 1.00 tD IS tS K H K L tC t D IH V a lid D a ta tP D S S H V a lid D a ta tP D 0 D 1 1 19 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 EECR A.C. Characteristics Symbol Parameter Ta=25°C VCC=5V±10% Min. Max. VCC=2.2V±10% Unit Min. Max. fSK Clock Frequency 0 2 0 1 MHz tSKH SK High Time 250 ¾ 500 ¾ ns tSKL SK Low Time 250 ¾ 500 ¾ ns tCSS CS Setup Time 50 ¾ 100 ¾ ns tCSH CS Hold Time 0 ¾ 0 ¾ ns tCDS CS Deselect Time 250 ¾ 250 ¾ ns tDIS DI Setup Time 100 ¾ 200 ¾ ns tDIH DI Hold Time 100 ¾ 200 ¾ ns tPD1 DO Delay to ²1² ¾ 250 ¾ 500 ns tPD0 DO Delay to ²0² ¾ 250 ¾ 500 ns tSV Status Valid Time ¾ 250 ¾ 250 ns tHZ DO Disable Time 100 ¾ 200 ¾ ns tPR Write Cycle Time Per Word ¾ 2 ¾ 5 ms READ ERASE The READ instruction will stream out data at a specified address on the DO. The data on DO changes during the low-to-high edge of SK. The 8 bits data stream is preceded by a logical ²0² dummy bit. Irrespective of the condition of the EWEN or EWDS instruction, the READ command is always valid and independent of these two instructions. After the data word has been read the internal address will be automatically incremented by 1, allowing the next consecutive data word to be read out without entering further address data. The address will wrap around with CS High until CS returns to Low. The ERASE instruction erases data at the specified addresses in the programming enable mode. After the ERASE op-code and the specified address have been issued, the data erase is activated by the falling edge of CS. Since the internal auto-timing generator provides all timing signals for the internal erase, so the SK clock is not required. During the internal erase, we can verify the busy/ready status if CS is high. The DO will remain low but when the operation is over, the DO will return to high and further instructions can be executed. WRITE EWEN/EWDS The WRITE instruction writes data into the EEPROM data memory at the specified addresses in the programming enable mode. After the WRITE op-code and the specified address and data have been issued, the data writing is activated by the falling edge of CS. Since the internal auto-timing generator provides all timing signal for the internal writing, so the SK clock is not required. The auto-timing write cycle includes an automatic erase-before-write capability. So, it is not necessary to erase data before the WRITE instruction. During the internal writing, we can verify the busy/ready status if CS is high. The DO will remain low but when the operation is over, the DO will return to high and further instructions can be executed. The EWEN/EWDS instruction will enable or disable the programming capabilities. At both the power on and power off state the device automatically enters the disable mode. Before a WRITE, ERASE, WRAL or ERAL instruction is given, the programming enable instruction EWEN must be issued, otherwise the ERASE/WRITE instruction is invalid. After the EWEN instruction is issued, the programming enable condition remains until power is turned off or an EWDS instruction is issued. No data can be written into the EEPROM data memory in the programming disabled state. By so doing, the internal memory data can be protected. Rev. 1.00 20 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 ERAL WRAL The ERAL instruction erases the entire 256´8 memory cells to a logical ²1² state in the programming enable mode. After the erase-all instruction set has been issued, the data erase feature is activated by a falling edge of CS. Since the internal auto-timing generator provides all timing signal for the erase-all operation, so the SK clock is not required. During the internal erase-all operation, we can verify the busy/ready status if CS is high. The DO will remain low but when the operation is over, the DO will return to high and further instruction can be executed. The WRAL instruction writes data into the entire 256´8 memory cells in the programming enable mode. After the write-all instruction set has been issued, the data writing is activated by a falling edge of CS. Since the internal auto-timing generator provides all timing signals for the write-all operation, so the SK clock is not required. During the internal write-all operation, we can verify the busy/ready status if CS is high. The DO will remain low but when the operation is over the DO will return to high and further instruction can be executed. EECR Control Timing Diagrams · READ tC D S C S S K (1 ) 1 S ta r t b it D I 0 A N A 0 1 D O 0 D 0 D X D X 1 * (X 8 ) M o d e * A d d r e s s p o in te r a u to m a tic a lly c y c le s to th e n e x t w o r d A N A 7 D X D 7 · EWEN/EWDS C S S ta n d b y S K D I 0 (1 ) S ta r t b it 0 1 1 = E W E N 0 0 = E W D S · WRITE tC C S D S V e r ify S ta n d b y S K D I (1 ) 0 1 A N A N -1 A N -2 A 1 A 0 D X D 0 S ta r t b it tS 1 B u s y D O tP Rev. 1.00 21 V R e a d y R September 16, 2005 HT48E70 · ERASE tC C S D S S ta n d b y V e r ify S K (1 ) D I 1 1 A N A N -1 A N -2 A 1 A 0 S ta r t b it tS 1 D O B u s y tP V R e a d y R · ERAL tC C S D S V e r ify S ta n d b y S K 0 (1 ) S ta r t b it D I 0 1 0 tS 1 D O V B u s y tP R e a d y R · WRAL tC C S D S V e r ify S ta n d b y S K 0 (1 ) S ta r t b it D I D O 0 0 1 D X D 0 tS 1 V B u s y tP R e a d y R EEPROM Data Memory Instruction Set Summary Start bit Op Code Address Data READ Instruction Read data 1 10 X, A7~A0 D7~D0 ERASE Erase data 1 11 X, A7~A0 ¾ WRITE Write data 1 01 X, A7~A0 D7~D0 EWEN Erase/Write Enable 1 00 11XXXXXXX ¾ EWDS Erase/Write Disable 1 00 00XXXXXXX ¾ ERAL Erase All 1 00 10XXXXXXX ¾ WRAL Write All 1 00 01XXXXXXX D7~D0 Note: Comments ²X² stands for ²don¢t care² Rev. 1.00 22 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Options The following table shows all kinds of options in the microcontroller. All of the options must be defined to ensure a properly functioning system. No. Options 1 WDT clock source: WDT oscillator or fSYS/4 or disable 2 CLRWDT instructions: 1 or 2 instructions 3 Timer/Event Counter 0 clock sources: fSYS/4 4 Timer/Event Counter 1 clock sources: fSYS/4 5 PA wake-up (By bit) 6 PA CMOS or Schmitt input 7 PA, PB, PC, PD, PE, PF, PG pull-high enable or disable (By port) 8 BZ/BZ enable or disable 9 BZ/BZ source: TMR0 or TMR1 10 System oscillator: RC or crystal 11 WDT enable or disable 12 LVR enable or disable Rev. 1.00 23 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Application Circuits V D D 0 .0 1 m F * P A 0 ~ P A 7 P B 2 ~ P B 7 V D D 1 0 0 k W P C 0 ~ P C 7 0 .1 m F P D 0 ~ P D 7 R E S 1 0 k W P E 0 ~ P E 7 0 .1 m F * P F 0 ~ P F 7 V R P G 0 ~ P G 7 V S S D D O S C O S C 1 4 7 0 p F O S C C ir c u it O S C 1 O S C 2 P B 0 /B Z O S C 2 N M O S o p e n d r a in P B 1 /B Z C 1 O S C 1 S e e R ig h t S id e IN T C 2 T M R 0 R 1 T M R 1 O S C 2 H T 4 8 E 7 0 Note: R C S y s te m O s c illa to r 2 4 k W < R O S C < 1 M W O S C C ry s ta l S y s te m F o r th e v a lu e s , s e e ta b le b e lo w O s c illa to r C ir c u it The resistance and capacitance for reset circuit should be designed in such a way as to ensure that the VDD is stable and remains within a valid operating voltage range before bringing RES to high. ²*² Make the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. The following table shows the C1, C2 and R1 values corresponding to the different crystal values. (For reference only) C1, C2 R1 4MHz Crystal Crystal or Resonator 0pF 10kW 4MHz Resonator (3 pin) 0pF 12kW 4MHz Resonator (2 pin) 10pF 12kW 3.58MHz Crystal 0pF 10kW 3.58MHz Resonator (2 pin) 25pF 10kW 2MHz Crystal & Resonator (2 pin) 25pF 10kW 1MHz Crystal 35pF 27kW 480kHz Resonator 300pF 9.1kW 455kHz Resonator 300pF 10kW 429kHz Resonator 300pF 10kW The function of the resistor R1 is to ensure that the oscillator will switch off should low voltage conditions occur. Such a low voltage, as mentioned here, is one which is less than the lowest value of the MCU operating voltage. Note however that if the LVR is enabled then R1 can be removed. Rev. 1.00 24 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Instruction Set Summary Description Instruction Cycle Flag Affected Add data memory to ACC Add ACC to data memory Add immediate data to ACC Add data memory to ACC with carry Add ACC to data memory with carry Subtract immediate data from ACC Subtract data memory from ACC Subtract data memory from ACC with result in data memory Subtract data memory from ACC with carry Subtract data memory from ACC with carry and result in data memory Decimal adjust ACC for addition with result in data memory 1 1(1) 1 1 1(1) 1 1 1(1) 1 1(1) 1(1) Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV C 1 1 1 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1 1 1 1(1) 1 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Increment data memory with result in ACC Increment data memory Decrement data memory with result in ACC Decrement data memory 1 1(1) 1 1(1) Z Z Z Z Rotate data memory right with result in ACC Rotate data memory right Rotate data memory right through carry with result in ACC Rotate data memory right through carry Rotate data memory left with result in ACC Rotate data memory left Rotate data memory left through carry with result in ACC Rotate data memory left through carry 1 1(1) 1 1(1) 1 1(1) 1 1(1) None None C C None None C C Move data memory to ACC Move ACC to data memory Move immediate data to ACC 1 1(1) 1 None None None Clear bit of data memory Set bit of data memory 1(1) 1(1) None None Mnemonic Arithmetic ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m] DAA [m] Logic Operation AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m] AND data memory to ACC OR data memory to ACC Exclusive-OR data memory to ACC AND ACC to data memory OR ACC to data memory Exclusive-OR ACC to data memory AND immediate data to ACC OR immediate data to ACC Exclusive-OR immediate data to ACC Complement data memory Complement data memory with result in ACC Increment & Decrement INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m] Rotate RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m] Data Move MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x Bit Operation CLR [m].i SET [m].i Rev. 1.00 25 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Instruction Cycle Flag Affected Jump unconditionally Skip if data memory is zero Skip if data memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of data memory is zero Skip if bit i of data memory is not zero Skip if increment data memory is zero Skip if decrement data memory is zero Skip if increment data memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement data memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt 2 1(2) 1(2) 1(2) 1(2) 1(3) 1(3) 1(2) 1(2) 2 2 2 2 None None None None None None None None None None None None None Read ROM code (current page) to data memory and TBLH Read ROM code (last page) to data memory and TBLH 2(1) 2(1) None None No operation Clear data memory Set data memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of data memory Swap nibbles of data memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode 1 1(1) 1(1) 1 1 1 1(1) 1 1 None None None TO,PDF TO(4),PDF(4) TO(4),PDF(4) None None TO,PDF Mnemonic Description Branch JMP addr SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI Table Read TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m] Miscellaneous NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT Note: x: Immediate data m: Data memory address A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: Program memory address Ö: Flag is affected -: Flag is not affected (1) : If a loading to the PCL register occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle (four system clocks). (2) : If a skipping to the next instruction occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle (four system clocks). Otherwise the original instruction cycle is unchanged. (3) (1) : (4) Rev. 1.00 and (2) : The flags may be affected by the execution status. If the Watchdog Timer is cleared by executing the ²CLR WDT1² or ²CLR WDT2² instruction, the TO and PDF are cleared. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. 26 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Instruction Definition ADC A,[m] Add data memory and carry to the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added simultaneously, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö ADCM A,[m] Add the accumulator and carry to data memory Description The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added simultaneously, leaving the result in the specified data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö ADD A,[m] Add data memory to the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+[m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö ADD A,x Add immediate data to the accumulator Description The contents of the accumulator and the specified data are added, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö ADDM A,[m] Add the accumulator to the data memory Description The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC+[m] Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö 27 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 AND A,[m] Logical AND accumulator with data memory Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory perform a bitwise logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to the accumulator Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ ANDM A,[m] Logical AND data memory with the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ CALL addr Subroutine call Description The instruction unconditionally calls a subroutine located at the indicated address. The program counter increments once to obtain the address of the next instruction, and pushes this onto the stack. The indicated address is then loaded. Program execution continues with the instruction at this address. Operation Stack ¬ Program Counter+1 Program Counter ¬ addr Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CLR [m] Clear data memory Description The contents of the specified data memory are cleared to 0. Operation [m] ¬ 00H Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 28 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 CLR [m].i Clear bit of data memory Description The bit i of the specified data memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m].i ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer Description The WDT is cleared (clears the WDT). The power down bit (PDF) and time-out bit (TO) are cleared. Operation WDT ¬ 00H PDF and TO ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C 0 0 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CLR WDT1 Preclear Watchdog Timer Description Together with CLR WDT2, clears the WDT. PDF and TO are also cleared. Only execution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction just sets the indicated flag which implies this instruction has been executed and the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Operation WDT ¬ 00H* PDF and TO ¬ 0* Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C 0* 0* ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CLR WDT2 Preclear Watchdog Timer Description Together with CLR WDT1, clears the WDT. PDF and TO are also cleared. Only execution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction, sets the indicated flag which implies this instruction has been executed and the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Operation WDT ¬ 00H* PDF and TO ¬ 0* Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C 0* 0* ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ CPL [m] Complement data memory Description Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. Operation [m] ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ 29 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 CPLA [m] Complement data memory and place result in the accumulator Description Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. The complemented result is stored in the accumulator and the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust accumulator for addition Description The accumulator value is adjusted to the BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) code. The accumulator is divided into two nibbles. Each nibble is adjusted to the BCD code and an internal carry (AC1) will be done if the low nibble of the accumulator is greater than 9. The BCD adjustment is done by adding 6 to the original value if the original value is greater than 9 or a carry (AC or C) is set; otherwise the original value remains unchanged. The result is stored in the data memory and only the carry flag (C) may be affected. Operation If ACC.3~ACC.0 >9 or AC=1 then [m].3~[m].0 ¬ (ACC.3~ACC.0)+6, AC1=AC else [m].3~[m].0 ¬ (ACC.3~ACC.0), AC1=0 and If ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1 >9 or C=1 then [m].7~[m].4 ¬ ACC.7~ACC.4+6+AC1,C=1 else [m].7~[m].4 ¬ ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1,C=C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö DEC [m] Decrement data memory Description Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1. Operation [m] ¬ [m]-1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ DECA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m]-1 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ 30 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 HALT Enter power down mode Description This instruction stops program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the RAM and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down bit (PDF) is set and the WDT time-out bit (TO) is cleared. Operation Program Counter ¬ Program Counter+1 PDF ¬ 1 TO ¬ 0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C 0 1 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ INC [m] Increment data memory Description Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1 Operation [m] ¬ [m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ INCA [m] Increment data memory and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC ¬ [m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ JMP addr Directly jump Description The program counter are replaced with the directly-specified address unconditionally, and control is passed to this destination. Operation Program Counter ¬addr Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ MOV A,[m] Move data memory to the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ [m] Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 31 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 MOV A,x Move immediate data to the accumulator Description The 8-bit data specified by the code is loaded into the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ MOV [m],A Move the accumulator to data memory Description The contents of the accumulator are copied to the specified data memory (one of the data memories). Operation [m] ¬ACC Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ NOP No operation Description No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction. Operation Program Counter ¬ Program Counter+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ OR A,[m] Logical OR accumulator with data memory Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory (one of the data memories) perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to the accumulator Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ ORM A,[m] Logical OR data memory with the accumulator Description Data in the data memory (one of the data memories) and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ACC ²OR² [m] Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ 32 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 RET Return from subroutine Description The program counter is restored from the stack. This is a 2-cycle instruction. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RET A,x Return and place immediate data in the accumulator Description The program counter is restored from the stack and the accumulator loaded with the specified 8-bit immediate data. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack ACC ¬ x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RETI Return from interrupt Description The program counter is restored from the stack, and interrupts are enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the enable master (global) interrupt bit. Operation Program Counter ¬ Stack EMI ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RL [m] Rotate data memory left Description The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RLA [m] Rotate data memory left and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 33 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 RLC [m] Rotate data memory left through carry Description The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. Bit 7 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0 position. Operation [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö RLCA [m] Rotate left through carry and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. Bit 7 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0 position. The rotated result is stored in the accumulator but the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö RR [m] Rotate data memory right Description The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated to bit 7. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RRA [m] Rotate right and place result in the accumulator Description Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated into bit 7, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i) ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.7 ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ RRC [m] Rotate data memory right through carry Description The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are together rotated 1 bit right. Bit 0 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. Operation [m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö 34 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 RRCA [m] Rotate right through carry and place result in the accumulator Description Data of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit right. Bit 0 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. The rotated result is stored in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö SBC A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SBCM A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator Description The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SDZ [m] Skip if decrement data memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]-1)=0, [m] ¬ ([m]-1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SDZA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the accumulator but the data memory remains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]-1)=0, ACC ¬ ([m]-1) Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 35 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 SET [m] Set data memory Description Each bit of the specified data memory is set to 1. Operation [m] ¬ FFH Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SET [m]. i Set bit of data memory Description Bit i of the specified data memory is set to 1. Operation [m].i ¬ 1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SIZ [m] Skip if increment data memory is 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]+1)=0, [m] ¬ ([m]+1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SIZA [m] Increment data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped and the result is stored in the accumulator. The data memory remains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]+1)=0, ACC ¬ ([m]+1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SNZ [m].i Skip if bit i of the data memory is not 0 Description If bit i of the specified data memory is not 0, the next instruction is skipped. If bit i of the data memory is not 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m].i¹0 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 36 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 SUB A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator Description The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+[m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SUBM A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator Description The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory. Operation [m] ¬ ACC+[m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from the accumulator Description The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC+x+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ Ö Ö Ö Ö SWAP [m] Swap nibbles within the data memory Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory (1 of the data memories) are interchanged. Operation [m].3~[m].0 « [m].7~[m].4 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SWAPA [m] Swap data memory and place result in the accumulator Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory are interchanged, writing the result to the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.3~ACC.0 ¬ [m].7~[m].4 ACC.7~ACC.4 ¬ [m].3~[m].0 Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 37 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 SZ [m] Skip if data memory is 0 Description If the contents of the specified data memory are 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m]=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SZA [m] Move data memory to ACC, skip if 0 Description The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. If the contents is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m]=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ SZ [m].i Skip if bit i of the data memory is 0 Description If bit i of the specified data memory is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m].i=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ TABRDC [m] Move the ROM code (current page) to TBLH and data memory Description The low byte of ROM code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly. Operation [m] ¬ ROM code (low byte) TBLH ¬ ROM code (high byte) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ TABRDL [m] Move the ROM code (last page) to TBLH and data memory Description The low byte of ROM code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly. Operation [m] ¬ ROM code (low byte) TBLH ¬ ROM code (high byte) Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 38 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 XOR A,[m] Logical XOR accumulator with data memory Description Data in the accumulator and the indicated data memory perform a bitwise logical Exclusive_OR operation and the result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ XORM A,[m] Logical XOR data memory with the accumulator Description Data in the indicated data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical Exclusive_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory. The 0 flag is affected. Operation [m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to the accumulator Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical Exclusive_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. The 0 flag is affected. Operation ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x Affected flag(s) Rev. 1.00 TO PDF OV Z AC C ¾ ¾ ¾ Ö ¾ ¾ 39 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Package Information 48-pin SSOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions 4 8 2 5 A B 2 4 1 C C ' G H D E Symbol Rev. 1.00 a F Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 395 ¾ 420 B 291 ¾ 299 C 8 ¾ 12 C¢ 613 ¾ 637 D 85 ¾ 99 E ¾ 25 ¾ F 4 ¾ 10 G 25 ¾ 35 H 4 ¾ 12 a 0° ¾ 8° 40 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 64-pin QFP (14´20) Outline Dimensions C H D 5 1 G 3 3 I 5 2 3 2 F A B E 2 0 6 4 K a J 1 Symbol A Rev. 1.00 1 9 Dimensions in mm Min. Nom. Max. 18.80 ¾ 19.20 B 13.90 ¾ 14.10 C 24.80 ¾ 25.20 D 19.90 ¾ 20.10 E ¾ 1 ¾ F ¾ 0.40 ¾ G 2.50 ¾ 3.10 H ¾ ¾ 3.40 I ¾ 0.10 ¾ J 1.15 ¾ 1.45 K 0.10 ¾ 0.20 a 0° ¾ 7° 41 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Product Tape and Reel Specifications Reel Dimensions D T 2 A C B T 1 SSOP 48W Symbol Description Dimensions in mm A Reel Outer Diameter 330±1.0 B Reel Inner Diameter 100±0.1 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5 -0.2 D Key Slit Width 2.0±0.5 T1 Space Between Flange 32.2+0.3 -0.2 T2 Reel Thickness 38.2±0.2 Rev. 1.00 42 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Carrier Tape Dimensions P 0 D P 1 t E F W D 1 C B 0 K 1 P K 2 A 0 SSOP 48W Symbol Description Dimensions in mm W Carrier Tape Width 32.0±0.3 P Cavity Pitch 16.0±0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75±0.1 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 14.2±0.1 D Perforation Diameter 2.0 Min. D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.5+0.25 P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1 P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1 A0 Cavity Length 12.0±0.1 B0 Cavity Width 16.20±0.1 K1 Cavity Depth 2.4±0.1 K2 Cavity Depth 3.2±0.1 t Carrier Tape Thickness C Cover Tape Width Rev. 1.00 0.35±0.05 25.5 43 September 16, 2005 HT48E70 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters) No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office) 4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2655-7070 Fax: 886-2-2655-7373 Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline) Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shanghai Sales Office) 7th Floor, Building 2, No.889, Yi Shan Rd., Shanghai, China 200233 Tel: 021-6485-5560 Fax: 021-6485-0313 http://www.holtek.com.cn Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office) 43F, SEG Plaza, Shen Nan Zhong Road, Shenzhen, China 518031 Tel:0755-83465589 Fax:0755-83465590 ISDN : 0755-8346559 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Beijing Sales Office) Suite 1721, Jinyu Tower, A129 West Xuan Wu Men Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100031 Tel:010-66410030, 66417751, 66417752 Fax:010-66410125 Holmate Semiconductor, Inc. (North America Sales Office) 46712 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538 Tel: 510-252-9880 Fax: 510-252-9885 http://www.holmate.com Copyright Ó 2005 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw. Rev. 1.00 44 September 16, 2005